न गप र व भ ग त ऱ शहर करण च प र त त

Transkript

1 न गप र व भ ग त ऱ शहर करण च प र त त अर थश स त र व भ ग प रम ख एस. एन. म र मह व द य ऱय, त मसर ज. भ ड र मह र ष ट र भ रत kgjhdj.k gs dks.kr;kgh {ks=kp;k fodklkp;k ikrghps lqpd vkgs- jkt;kp;k kgjhdj.kkph rqyuk ukxiwj fohkkxk kh djrk ukxiwj fohkkxkps kgjhdj.k deh vkgsukxiwj fohkkxkp;k kgjhdj.kkr ukxiwj ftyg;kps kgjhdj.k tklr vkgs o vkffkzd fodklgh ;kp ftyg;kr vf/kd vkgs- fohkkxkrhy brj ftyg;kr rqyukredn` V;k kgjhdj.k o vkffkzd fodkl deh vkgs- Eg.kwu ukxiwj fohkkxkpk lerksy fodkl lk/k.;klkbh fo ks k iz;rukaph xjt vkgs- Keywords kgjhdj.k] vkffkzd fodkl] n kd o`)h nj- lu 1960 e/;s uofufezr egkjk Vªkr fonhkkzpk lekos k >kyk- R;kuarj vusd losz{k.kkrwu] vh;klkrwu fonhkkzrhy fopkjoarkauk vls tk.koys dh] izxrh khy egkjk Vªkr ikp n kd jkgwu lq)k fonhkkzpk vkffkzd fodkl vfr k; eanxrhus >kysyk vkgs- if pe egkjk VªkP;k HkjHkjkVhP;k rqyusr fonhkkzps vkffkzd ekxklysi.k izd kkzus tk.kors- vkffkzd fodklkp;k ckcrhr vlysyh izknsf kd vlekurk gk dsog egkjk Vª & fonhkz fohkkxkiwjrkp e;kzfnr iz u ulwu HkkjrkP;k fu;kstuc) vkffkzd fodklkph eq[; lel;k vkgs- 1 xsy;k iuukl o kkzr fcgkj] vksjhlk lkj[kh dkgh jkt;s vkffkzd n` Vhus ekxklysyhp jkfgyh vkgs- vkffkzd fodklkrhy izknsf kd fo kerk izkeq[;kus e;kzfnr lalk/kus vlekujhrhus okvyh tkrkr- xq aro.kwdhps ewyrro tsfks pkaxyk ifj.kke fnlsy rsfks [kpz djkok vls vly;kus fodflr Hkkxkaoj e;kzfnr lalk/kus fodklkpk fu/kh okij.;kph izo`rrh vlrs- R;keqGs vfodflr Hkkx rlsp jkgrkr o fodflr Hkkx vk.k[kh iq<s tkrkr- dkykarjkus ;k 1P a g e

2 nksu Hkkxkr eksbh rqkor imrs- egkjk VªkP;k vkffkzd fodklkp;k lanhkkzr gh fo kerk y{k.kh; vkgs- f kok;,[kk k ekxklysy;k izns kkr dkgh Hkkxlq)k tklr ekxklysys jkgw kdrkr- vkffkzdn` Vhus ekxklysy;k fonhkkzr dkgh ftygs lq/kkjysys rj dkgh ftygs vtqugh vizxr vkgsr- Eg.kwu fonhkkzp;k vkffkzd fodklkpk fopkj djrkauk loz ftyg;kapk lerksy fopkj dj.ks vko ;d Bjsy- iwoz fonhkkzrhy ukxiwj] o/kkz] panziwj] xmfpjksyh] HkaMkjk o xksafn;k gs ftygs ukxiwj eglwy fohkkxkr eksmrkr- egkjk Vª jkt;kp;k iwoz Hkkxkrhy ukxiwj fohkkx Hkkjrkps e/;orhz LFkku vkgs- iksjkf.kd],sfrgkfld] jktdh;] lkekftd o vkffkzd egro vlysyk ukxiwj fohkkx?kunkv taxy o foiqy [kfut lairrhus le`) vkgsukxiwj fohkkxkrhy ftyg;kap;k vkffkzd fodklkr fo kerk izd kkzus vk<grso kz 2010&2011 e/;s pkyw fderhuqlkj ukxiwj fohkkxkps njmksbz mriuu 73]231 :i;s vkgs o 2011 P;k tux.kusuqlkj ukxiwj fohkkxkrhy kgjhdj.kkph ikrgh VDds vkgs- 2010&11 lkyps pkyw fderhuqlkj ukxiwj ftyg;kps njmksbz mriuu 96]458( panziwj ftyg;kps 67]641( o/kkz ftyg;kps 61]391( HkaMkjk ftyg;kps 57]094( xksafn;k ftyg;kps 50]042 o xmfpjksyh ftyg;kps 43]058,o<s vkgs- 2 rlsp ekuo fodkl vgoky 2012 uqlkj ukxiwj fohkkxkrhy QDr ukxiwj ftyg;kpk lekos k jkt;kp;k fodlhr ftyg;ke/;s gksrks- 3 ;ko:u ukxiwj fohkkxkrhy fodklkr fdrh eksbh fo kerk vkgs] gs Li V gksrs- R;kpcjkscj kgjhdj.kkpk fopkj djrk 2011 P;k tux.kusuqlkj ukxiwj ftyg;kps kgjhdj.k VDds vkgs- rlsp panziwj] o/kkz] HkaMkjk] xksafn;k o xmfpjksyh ftyg;kps kgjhdj.k vuqøes 35]-08] 32-47] 19]50] o vkgs- ;ko:u ukxiwj fohkkxkrhy ftygkokj mriuu o kgjhdj.kkps izek.k ;kapk fopkj djrk vls fnlwu ;srs dh] ukxiwj ftyg;ke/;s kgjhdj.kkps izek.k o mriuukps izek.k nksugh tklr vkgs- rj fohkkxkrhy brj ftyg;ke/;s kgjhdj.kkps izek.k o mriuukps izek.k nksugh deh vkgs- Eg.ktsp njmksbz mriuu ok<he/;s kgjhdj.kkph Hkwfedk egrokph vkgs- ik;khkwr lks;hpk vhkko gs fonhkkzpk ifgy;k ohl o kkzr ¼1961&81½ vkffkzd fodkl vfr k; eanxrhus o ux.; Lo:ikr gks.;kps izeq[k dkj.k vkgs- vls vlys rjh uarjp;k dkgkr 1981&97 vkffkzd fodklkyk xrh fegr xsyh- ;kps,d 2P a g e

3 dkj.k vls dh] ik;khkwr lks;h ok<r xsy;k- 4 oht] ik.kh] ng.kog.k lk/kus] f k{k.k o vkjksx; lsok v kk ewyhkwr lks;h laiw.kz lektklkbh vlrkr- ;k lkewfgd lks;heqgs vkffkzd fodklkyk xrh fegrs o R;kaP;k vhkkoh vkffkzd fodkl eankorkscgqrsd xzkeh.k Hkkxkr o ygku vkdkjkp;k kgjkr ;k ik;khkwr lks;h rqjgd vlrkr- egkjk Vªkrhy eqacbz] Bk.ks] iq.ks] ukxiwj ;k kgjkr ;k lks;h pkaxy;k izek.kkr vly;kus ;k kgjkr vkffkzd fodkl >kysyk fnlwu ;srks- 5 ukxjh Hkkxkrhy yksdla[;sp;k vkdkjekukuqlkj kgjhdj.kkp;k ikrghps ekiu dsys tkrs- R;kpcjkscj kgjh yksdla[;spk n kd o`)h nj o okf kzd o`)h nj gk ok<.kkjk vlkok vlk,d fud k kgjhdj.k ikrgh ekst.;klkbh?ks.;kr ;srks-,dkp izns kkrhy nksu lyx tux.kukuqlkj fegkysy;k yksdla[;k vkdmsokjho:u n kokf kzd yksdla[;k ok<hpk ksdmk nj dk<rk ;srks R;kyk n kdo`)h nj Eg.krkr- [kkyhy lq=kp;k lgk ;kus n kdo`)h nj dk<yk tkrks- 6 r = P 1 - P 0 x 100 P 0 = vk/khp;k tux.kusuqlkj vl.kkjh yksdla[;k P 1 = uarjp;k tux.kusuqlkj vl.kkjh yksdla[;k r = yksdla[;k ok<hpk n kdo`)h nj P 0 yksdla[;sr njo khz nj ksdmk dks.kr;k njkus cny gksr vkgs- ;kps izek.k tux.kukp;k vkdmsokjho:up dk<kos ykxrs- ;klkbh yksdla[;k ok<hpk n kdo`)h nj dk<y;koj R;kyk nksu tux.kuk e/khy varjkus ¼Eg.kts ngkus½ Hkkxys dh okf kzd nj fegrks- i.k ;kis{kk okf kzd nj dk<.;klkbh pøok< O;kt ;k xf.krh i)rhus dk<ysys vkdms tklr vpwd vlrkr- okf kzd pøok< o`)hnj dk<.ks lksis tkos Eg.kwu ykwxfjfkep;k enrhus [kkyhy lw= okijrkr- 7 Log (1 + r) = Log P 1 / P 0 n 3P a g e

4 P 0 = vk/khp;k tux.kusuqlkj vl.kkjh yksdla[;k P 1 = uarjp;k tux.kusuqlkj vl.kkjh yksdla[;k n = nksu tux.kuke/khy dky[kam r = yksdla[;k ok<hpk okf kzd pøok< o`)h nj ojhy lw=kapk mi;ksx d:u ukxiwj fohkkxkrhy n kokf kzd o`)h nj o okf kzd pøok< o`)h nj dk<.;kr vkyk vkgs rs 2011 ;k dky[kamkrhy ukxiwj fohkkxkrhy ftygkokj kgjh yksdla[;sps izek.k] kgjh n kokf kzd o`)h nj] okf kzd pøok< o`)h nj rdr;ke/;s n kzfo.;kr vkys vkgsr- ¼yksdla[;k gtkje/;s½ o kz ,dw.k yksdla[;k kgjh yksdla[;k kgjhdj.kkps izek.k yksdla[;spk n kokf kzd o`)h nj & yksdla[;spk okf kzd pøok< o`)h nj & kgjkaph la[;k ftygk lkekftd o vkffkzd lekykspu ukxiwj] o/kkz] panziwj] HkaMkjk] xksafn;k o xmfpjksyh ftygk] Census of India provisional Population Total. 4P a g e

5 rdr;ko:u ukxiwj fohkkxkps 1961 e/;s VDds yksd kgjkr jkgr gksrs- gs izek.k lrr ok<r tkåu 2001 o 2011 e/;s vuqøes o VDds >kys rs 2011 ;k n kdkr ukxiwj fohkkxkrhy kgjhdj.kkr 16-5 VDds ok< >kyh- rlsp ukxiwj fohkkxkrhy kgjkap;k la[;spk fopkj djrk 1961 e/;s ukxiwj fohkkxkr,dw.k 29 kgjs gksrh- R;kr ok< gksåu 2001 o 2011 e/;s vuqøes kgjkaph la[;k 60 o 105 >kyh- ukxiwj fohkkxkr okf kzd o`)hnj 1971&81 ;k n kdkr lokzr tklr 3-5 VDds vkf.k 2001&11 ;k n kdkr lokzr deh 2-2 VDds jkfgyk vkgs- 1981&91 ;k n kdkr kgjh yksdla[;spk n kokf kzd o`)hnj lokzr tklr VDds jkfgyk vkgs- fohkkxkrhy ukxiwj ftyg;kps kgjhdj.k vf/kd vl.;kps dkj.k ;k ftyg;kps LFkku vks ksfxdn` V;k fonhkkzr rlsp egkjk Vªkr cjsp ojps vkgs- f kok; ukxiwj ftyg;kr ukxiwj,d egkuxj vkgs e/;s ukxiwj kgjkph yksdla[;k 6]43]659 gksrh rh ok<wu 2011 e/;s 24]05]665 i;zar ok<yh vkgs- Eg.kts ;k ikp n kdkr ukxiwj kgjkr 17]62]006 yksdla[;k ok<yh vkgsukxiwj fohkkxkp;k 49 yk[k,dw.k kgjh yksdla[;sr ukxiwj kgjkpk okvk 24 yk[k Eg.kts togtog VDds vkgs-,dw.kp ukxiwj fohkkxkrhy kgjhdj.kkph izo`rrh ukxiwj kgjkhkksorh dsanzhr Lo:ikph vk<grs- ukxiwj kgjkrhy jkstxkjkp;k la/kh] f k{k.kkp;k lks;h] jkg.khekukpk mpp ntkz ;k dkgh dkj.kkeqgs yksdkapk vks<k ;k kgjkdms ok<r pkyyk vkgs- R;keqGs kgjkrhy yksdla[;k ok<wu miyc/k ik;khkwr lks;h lqfo/kkaoj rk.k imr vkgs- v kk ifjflfkrhr kgjkrhy tursp;k thouekukpk ntkz mapkowu R;kaps thou vf/kd lqlg; dj.;klkbh kklukus kgjkp;k fodklkdms fo ks k y{k ns.;kl lqjokr dsyh vkgs- R;kn` Vhus ;k kgjkrhy egrokpk fegku izdyi yodjp ekxhz ykx.kkj vkgs- dsanz ljdkjus vmhp gtkj dksvh :i;s [kpz d:u,el~ ph fufezrh dj.;kph?kks k.kk dsyh vkgs- jkt; ljdkjus vk;-vk;- Vh- LFkkiu dj.;kph?kks k.kk dsyh vkgs- uå gtkj dksvh :i;s [kpz d:u esvªks izdyi jkcfo.;kr ;s.kkj vkgs- ;sr;k ikp o kkzr kgjkyk LekVZ flvhr :ikarj dj.;klkbh dsanz ljdkjrqsz ikp ks dksvh :i;s [kpz gks.kkj vkgsr- fohkkxkrhy panziwj] o/kkz] HkaMkjk] xksafn;k o xmfpjksyh ftygs ukxiwj ftyg;k kh rqyuk djrk ekxs vkgsr- ;k ftyg;krhy vusd olrhlfkkukapk kgj Eg.kwu fodkl >kysyk ukghdkj.k ;k ftyg;kr tklrhr&tklr yksdla[;k gh d` kh&o;olk;kr xq arysyh vlwu 5P a g e

6 ;sfks fcxj&d` kh O;olk;kpk fodkl Qkjlk >kysyk ukgh-,dw.kp vusd eqyhkwr lks;hauh le`) vl.kkjk o vkffkzd fodkl vf/kd vl.kkjk ukxiwj kgj vkf.k deh eqyhkwr lks;h o deh vkffkzd fodkl vl.kkjs xmfpjksyh lkj[ks kgj v kk nksu izo`rrh fodklkp;k lanhkkzr ukxiwj fohkkxkr vk<gwu ;srkr- ukxiwj fohkkxkrhy kgjhdj.kkp;k ok<hoj lokzr tklr izhkko ukxiwj ftyg;kpk vkgs] rj lokzr deh izhkko xmfpjksyh ftyg;kpk vkgsukxiwj ftygk tklr kgjhdj.k xvkr ;srs o ;k ftyg;kps kgjhdj.k ukxiwj fohkkxkp;k rqyusr [kwi tklr vkgs- panziwj o o/kkz gs nksu ftygs e/;e kgjhdj.k xvkr ;srkr o ;k ftyg;kps kgjhdj.k ukxiwj fohkkxkp;k kgjhdj.kkp;k rqyusr deh vkgs- rlsp HkaMkjk] xksafn;k] o xmfpjksyh gs rhu ftygs deh kgjhdj.k xvkr ;srkr o ;k ftyg;kps kgjhdj.k ukxiwj fohkkxkp;k kgjhdj.kkp;k rqyusr [kwip deh vkgsegkjk Vª ekuo fodkl vgoky 2012 uqlkj fonhkkzrhy ftyg;kae/;s ekxklysi.kkps izek.k [kwi tklr vkgs- fonhkkzrhy ukxiwj ftygk lksmy;kl vu; dks.krkgh ftygk ekuo fodklkp;k lanhkkzr jkt; ljkljhp;k cjkscjhyk ok R;kis{kk vf/kd funsz kkad vlysyk ukgh- 8 ;k ekxklysy;k fonhkkzr ukxiwj fohkkxkpk lekos k gksrks- ;k fohkkxkr ukxiwj ftygk izxr vkgs- rj ckdh loz ftygs vizxr vkgsr- ns kkp;k,dw.k lkekftd vkf.k vkffkzd fodklke/;s kgjkaph Hkwfedk [kwi egrokph vkgs- kgjs vkiy;k ns kkph lald`rh] vkpkj fopkj txkyk nsr vlrkr- R;ko:u R;k R;k ns kkapk fodklkpk vkjlk fuf pr gksrks- FkksMD;kr kgjs gh vkffkzd fodklkph dsanzfcanq cuw ykxyh vkgsr- 9 kgjhdj.k izo`rrhpk vh;kl kgj xvkp;k ladyiuso:u dj.;kr ;srs- tux.kuk vgokyke/;s ^v* oxz ¼1]00]000 o R;kis{kk tklr½] ^c* oxz ¼50]000 rs 99]999½] ^d* oxz ¼20]000 rs 49]999½] ^M* oxz ¼10]000 rs 19]999½] ^b* oxz ¼5]000 rs 9]999½] ^m* oxz ¼5]000 fdaok R;kis{kk deh½ vls kgjkps yksdla[;sp;k vkdkjekukuqlkj xv ikmys tkrkr P;k tux.kusuqlkj ukxiwj fohkkxkr,dw.k ukxjh yksdla[;k 39]90]279 vkgs- ;k,dw.k ukxjh yksdla[;se/;s ^v*] c*] ^d*] ^M*] ^b* o ^m* ;k oxkzp;k kjkr oklro; dj.kk&;k yksdla[;sps izek.k vuqøes 64-50] 10-24] 16-50] 6-66] 1-96] 0-06 VDds vkgs o ;k izr;sd oxkzrhy kgjkaph la[;k vuqøes 4] 5] 21] 18] 11 o 1 vkgsukxiwj fohkkxkr ^v* oxkzp;k 04 kgjkr VDds yksdla[;k vkgs- rj ckdh 6P a g e

7 ^c*] ^d*] ^M* ^b* o ^m* oxkzp;k 56 kgjkr VDds yksdla[;k vkgs- ;ko:u ukxiwj fohkkxkr kgjhdj.kkph izo`rrh eksb;k kgjkr tklr o ygku kgjkr deh vkgs- 10 ^v* oxkzr ;s.kk&;k o/kkz] ukxiwj] xksafn;k o panziwj ;k kgjkr rqyukredn` V;k f}rh; o r`rh; {ks=kpk fodkl >kysyk vkgs- R;keGs ;k kgjke/;s yksd jkstxkj O;olk;klkBh LFkykarjhr >kysys vkgsr- ukxiwj fohkkxkrhy izr;sd ftyg;kp;k lkekftd] vkffkzd] vks ksfxd] jktdh;] O;kikfjd] ks{kf.kd br;knh {ks=kp;k fodklkr fhkuurk vkgs- Eg.kwu ;k izr;sd ftyg;kp;k kgjhdj.k ikrghr fhkuurk vkgs- Eg.kwu fohkkxkp;k larwfyr fodklkdjhrk kgjhdj.kkps izek.k deh vl.kk&;k ftyg;kr ldkjkred kgjhdj.kkps fu;kstu d:.k udkjkred kgjhdj.kkp;k nq ifj.kkekaoj dbksj fu;a=.k lk/kus vko ;d vkgs- fohkkxkp;k lozlekos kd fodklklkbh lahkko; kgjs vkf.k xkokauk R;kP;k {kersuqlkj fodlhr dsys ikfgts- 1) os,- ch- ¼2003½ % ^^fonhkkzph vfkzo;olfkk**] Jh eaxs k izdk ku] jkenklisb] ukxiwj- P ) egkjk Vªkph vkffkzd ikg.kh ¼2011&12½] vfkz o lkaf[;dh lapyuky;] fu;kstu fohkkx] egkjk Vª kklu] eqacbz- P. 32-3) egkjk Vª ekuo fodkl vgoky ¼2012½] la;qdr jk Vª fodkl dk;zøe- 4) os,- ch-] mijksdr- P. 89-5) fdrrk- P )?kkjiqjs fobb~y ¼1999½ % ^^yksdla[;k Hkwxksy**] fiaigkiqjs vw.m da- ifcy klz] ukxiwj- P. 66-7) fdarrk- P. 67-8) egkjk Vª ekuo fodkl vgoky ¼2012½] mijksdr- 9) ns kikams lkxj ¼2010½ % ^^egk[ksm;kauk tue ns.kkjs ok<rs kgjhdj.k**] pk.kd; eamg ifjokj ¼ekfld½] iq.ks- P ) Census of India P a g e