मह र ण य स ब ई व यक त आणण क य

Transkript

1 मह र ण य स ब ई व यक त आणण क य अमर कल ण ज य मह व द य लय ट कळघ ट त. हह ग ज. न गप र मह र ष ट र भ रत izlrkouk & ejkbs kkghr T;k drzcxkj fl=;kauh vkiy;k xq.korrsp;k vkf.k drzcxkjhp;k tksjkoj ejkbs kkgh fvdwu Bso.;kr ts nsfni;eku ; k fegfoys] R;k drzcxkj fl=;kae/;s jktekrk fttkckbz] egkjk.kh ;slwckbz] egkjk.kh rkjkckbz] vfgy;kckbz gksgdj b- fl=;kauh vrqyuh; dkexhjh dsysyh vkgs- ;k drzcxkj fl=;kauh ejkbk jkt;kaps j{k.k dj.;klkbh vkf.k vmp.khp;k izlaxh jkt; kklukpk xkmk iq<s vks<.;klkbh vfkd iz;ru dsys- ijarq iq: kiz/kku bfrgkl ys[ku izokgkr ;k fl=;kaps dk;z vkf.k drzro cjsp nqyzf{kr >ky;kps fnlwu ;srs- R;kn`f Vus lahkkth egkjktkaph iruh o kkgw egkjktkaph ekrk egkjk.kh ;slqckbzap;k dk;z vkf.k drz`rokoj ;k kks/k fuca/kkrqu izdk k Vkd.;kr vkysyk vkgs- fo k;kps egùo & ;slqckbzps ekgsj nkhkksg izkarkrhy f kdsz?kjk.;krhy vlwu f kdsz gs rsfkhy ns keq[k gksrs- ;slqckbzp;k fir;kps uko fiykth f kdsz vlwu ;slqckbzpk tue b-l e/;s >kykfiykth f kdsz ;kauh LojkT;kph lsok irdjy;kuarj vkiyh du;k ftåckbz mqz ;slqckbz gh lahkkth egkjktkauk nsåu f kokth egkjktka kh vkiys ukrslaca/k izlfkkfir dsys- rlsp f kokth egkjktkauh gh vkiyh du;k jktdqaojckbz ;slqckbzps ca/kw x.kksthl nsåu gs ukrs vf/kd n`< 1P a g e

2 dsys- ;slqckbzps ekgsjps uko ftåckbz vlqu fookgkuarj lkljh ftåckbzps uko ;slqckbz mqz jktlckbz Bso.;kr vkys- lahkkth egkjktka kh ;slqckbzpk fookg lu 1661 rs 1665 P;k nje;ku >kyk vlkok- fookgkuarj ;slqckbzyk ekrksjh fttkckbzpk izseg lgokl ykhkykfttkckbzp;k ekxzn kzuk[kkyh x`gf k{k.kk iklqu rs jktuhrhi;zarps loz /kms ;slqckbzyk fegkysejkbh jkt;kph Hkkoh egkjk.kh Eg.kwu fttkckbzus ;slqckbzp;k f k{k.kkr dks.krhp dlj Bsoyh ukgh- iw<hy vk;q ;kr fujfujkg;kizlaxh o ladvle;hps /kkml] pkrq;z] LojkT;kcn~ny izse] fu Bk] vkirlodh;kacn~ny ftogkgk osgksosgh ;slqckbze/;s fnlwu vkyk- R;k lokzaekxs fttkckbzaps laldkj gksrs- ;slqckbz ygkuvlrkaukp jktekrk fttkckbzp;k lgoklkr vly;kus eksfgek] LojkT;kcn~ny vkiwydh] LojkT; b- xq.k R;kaP;k vaxh fhkuys gksrsfttkckbzlkscrp ;slqckbzauk f kokth egkjktkaps ns[khy ;ksx; ekxzn kzu ykhkys- lahkkth vkf.k ;slqckbz ;kap;k fookgkeqgs f kdsz vkf.k Hkkslys fg nksu ekrccj?kjk.kh,d= vkyh- ;k nksugh?kjk.;kaps vuqokaf kd laldkj ;slqckbzaoj ygkui.khp >ky;kus R;k lqlald`r] drz`rooku vkf.k lqfo cuy;k- ekrksjh fttkckbzap;k ns[kjs[kh[kkyh ejkbh jkt;kph tm.k?km.k gksr vlrkauk f kon=irhap;k jktdkj.kkaps vkf.k jktuhrhps Mkoisp vxnh togwu ikg.;kph la/kh ;slwckbzauk fegkyh vkf.k ;kp la/khpk mi;ksx R;kauh vkiy;k Hkkoh vk;q ;kr d#u?ksrykf kokth egkjktkapk vkiy;k lqusoj vr;ar xk<k fo okl gksrk- vkiy;k mxz izo`rrhp;k eqykl lqekxz nk[kfo.kkjh kdrh Eg.kqu f kokth egkjkt R;kaP;kdMs fo oklkus ikgr vlr-,dsizlaxh f kokth egkjkt Eg.kkys]^^ eh iwugk lkshkkx;orh ;slwckbzap;k iksvh f koukes tye?ksåu bpnk iw.kz djhu**- ;ko#u f kokth egkjktkap;k vkiy;k lqusojhy izsekpk izr;; ;srkslahkkth egkjkt tjh rkiv LoHkkokps vlys rjh] R;kauh vkiy;k okx.;kus ;slqckbzauk d/khp nq%[k fnys ukgh- ;slqckbz lkrr;kus lahkkth egkjktkalkscr Lokjhr vlr- rlsp lahkkth egkjktkap;k lgoklkeqgs /ks;z] R;kx b- xq.k R;kaP;k vaxh vkys- f kokth egkjktkap;k jkt;fhk ksdkuarj uo;k ejkbh jkt;kaph ^ifgyh ;qojkkh* Eg.kqu ;slqckbzauk jkt?kjk.;kr LFkku izkir >kys- i.k] ;k jktoshkokcjkscj vkysy;k ladvkaukgh R;kauk lkeksjs tkos ykxysfttkckbzap;k e`r;wuarj jktdqvq ackr x`gdygkl vkjahk >kyk- R;krwu lahkkthus eq?kyka kh gkrfego.kh d#u rs fnysj[kkukl tkåu fegkys- gs os;drhdfjr;k ;slqckbzaoj Qkj eksbs ladv gksrs- ;kosgh R;k xjksnj vlwu R;kapk eqddke k`axkjiwjyk gksrk- 29 tkus P a g e

3 jksth ;slqckbzyk eqyxh >kyh- frps uko HkokuhckbZ Bso.;kr vkys- gh HkokuhckbZ kadjkth egkmksd ;kl fnyh gksrh- f kokth egkjktkap;k fu/kukuarj LojkT;kP;k dkjhkkjkph lozlq=s lks;jkckbzus vkiy;k gkrh?ksåu jktkjkekyk xknhoj clo.;kpk dv jpyk- ;k dvkr v..kkth nrrks] ckgkth vkoth oxsjs izeq[k vf/kdkú;kapk lghkkx vly;kps fun kzukl ;srkp lahkkthus R;kauk nsgkarkph f k{kk fnyh- ;kosgh ;slqckbz ;k vijk/kh yksdkauk okpow kdy;k ukghr- ijarw eksb;k f/kjkus ;k d`r;kaiklwu R;kauh lahkkthjktkauk ijko`rr dj.;kps iz;ru dsys- la;eh ;slqckbz f kokth egkjktkap;k dkgkrhy iz kklukfo k;d izfkk o fu;e ikgwu jkt;lao/kzukckcr vfr k; n{k o tkx`r vly;kps fnlwu ;srs- ;slqckbzauh lahkkthp;k rkiv LoHkkokus?kM.kkÚ;k vusd?kvukauk vfr k; dq kyrsus izfrca/k?kkryk- lahkkth egkjktkauk vkiyh pqd /;kukr vky;kuarj R;kauh ckgkth vkothp;k nksu eqykap;k tckcnkjhps dke ;slqckbzaoj lksifoys- ;slqckbzauh izsekus ;k nks?kkaps ikyu d#u R;kaP;kdMwu f kdds cufous] dkxni=s] fpb~bh fyfgus gh dkes d#u?ksryh- jkt;kfhk ksd izlaxh lahkkth egkjktkauh vkiy;k ljdkjdqukauk {kek d#u iwozor R;kaP;k inkoj #tw d#u?ksrys- ;kckcrhr lahkkthps eu ;slqckbzauhp ogfoys gksrs- ;slqckbzauh vkiy;k irhp;k LoHkkokpk pkaxykp vh;kl dsyk gksrk- ejkbh jkt;kp;k laj{k.kkdjhrk vkiy;k ekgsjpk ns[khy var%lfk ikfback R;kauh fegfoyk gksrk- vkiy;k lqlohkkokeqgs vkf.k jkt;kph tk.k vly;keqgs izr;sdkpk fo okl laiknu d#u?ks.;kl o jkt;kph?kmh iqozir clfo.;kr ;slqckbzauh iz;rukaph ijkd Vk dsyh- ;slqckbz ;k ijkdksvhp;k la;eh gksr;k- lahkkth egkjktkapk R;kaP;k dr`zrokoj izxk< fo okl gksrk- jkxkp;k Hkjkr vkiy;k gkrwu Hkyrhlyrh d`r;s gkså u;s Eg.kwu jkteqnzspk vf/kdkj R;kauh vkiyh iruh ;slqckbzap;k gkrh fnyk- lahkkthp;k i=ke/;s lahkkthf kok; ;slqckbzaph eqnzk vly;kps fnlwu ;srs- ^Jh l[kh jkkh t;fr* v kh ;slqckbzaph eqnzk gksrh- ;ko#u jkt;dkjhkkjkr ;slqckbzapk lghkkx eksbk vly;kps fnlwu ;srsjkt;kfhk ksdkuarj lahkkth egkjktkauk lrr ;q/neksfgesoj tkos ykxs- R;keqGs vkiy;k xsjgtjhr LojkT;kpk dkjhkkj lahkkth egkjkt ;slqckbzadms lksifor vls- lahkkth egkjktkap;k xsjgtsjhr ;slqckbz tkrhus vkf.k vf/kdkjkus jkt;dkjhkkj pkyfor vls- vksjaxtsc ckn kgk LojkT;kpk fceksm dj.;klkbh egkjk Vªkr mrjy;keqgs lahkkthyk vkiys loz y{k k=q aoj dsafnzr djkos ykxys- rsogk egkjk.kh ;slqckbzadms loz varxzr dkjhkkj 3P a g e

4 lksiowu lahkkth eq?kykap;k izfrdkjklkbh ltt >kys- xks-l-ljnslkbz Eg.krkr]^^brdk frp;k dr`zrokoj R;kpk fo okl gksrh dh] jkt;krhy dks.krkgh gqdqe ;slqckbzap;k utjsl xsy;k[ksjht lqvr uls** ;ko#u,d xks V Li V gksrs dh] ;slqckbz dkekp;k ckcrhr vfr k; n{k gksr;k- N=irhaP;k vuqiflfkrhr egkjk.kh ;slqckbzus dk<ysy;k gqdweke/;s ^vkkk* ;k kcnk,soth ^N=irhaph jktvkkk* v kh kcn;kstuk jkgr vls- lahkkthus eksb;k luekukus ;slqckbzauk ^Jh l[kh jkkh t;fr* vlk f kddk fnyk gksrkrks R;k dksyukek] vhk;i=s oxsja soj okijr vls- R;kaP;k i=kpk ek;ukgh ^^bz dksyukes lkshkkx;orh jktjh ckbzlkgsc nkenksyrq ** vlk vls- T;kosGh egkjk.kh Eg.kwu R;k gqdwe dk<r] R;kosGsl ^^vt j[r[kkus lks- ;slqckbz** vls fyfgr vlr- jkt/kkuhr lahkkthp;k vuqiflfkrhr loz= ckre;k jk[k.ks] xqugsxkjkaph oklykr yko.ks] dsnsr n{krk jk[kwu Bso.ks gk dkjhkkj ;slqckbzauk tkrhus djkok ykxs- eqydh dkjhkkj R;kaP;k Lora= f kddkus pkys o R;koj ^l[kh jkkh] lfpo* vlk R;k Lora= f kddk okijr vlr- loz varxzr O;oLFkspk jkt;dkjhkkj R;kaP;koj VkdY;keqGs jkt;dkjhkkjkrhy la kf;r okrkoj.kkph lahkkthjktkauk fo ks k fqdhj dj.;kps dkj.k uogrs- ljdkjdqukap;k fu Bsoj voyacwu jkg.;kis{kk lahkkthjktkauh vkiy;k eqydh dkjhkkjkph tckcnkjh ;slqckbzaoj lksiowu ;ksx;p fu.kz;?ksryk gksrk- ;slqckbzauh ksovi;zar vkiy;k LoHkkokus loz jkteamgkoj vkiyh Nki ikmyh- R;keqGs lokzauk R;kaP;kcn~ny vknj okvr vls- dko;kyadkj] kkl=s] iwjk.ks] laxhr] /kuqfoz k ;ke/;s ;slqckbz izfo.k gksr;k- lahkkthp;k dkjfdnhzr lsu;kiklwu nso&nsolfkkukyk dkghgh minzo gkså u;s] ;kph ;ksx; rh dkgth ;slqckbzauh?ksryh- jkt;kr ;srkp lahkkthus jktkjke vkf.k R;kph iruh rkjkckbz ;kauk utjdsnsr Bsoys gksrs- i.k ;slqckbzauh vkiy;k fnjkoj ek;sph ik[kj?kkryh- lahkkthp;k rkiv LoHkkokph >G R;kauk iksgpow fnyh ukgh- jktkjkekus usgeh ;slqckbzauk ekrsleku eku fnyk- ;slqckbzauh ckgsjp;k yksdka kh jktkjkekpk laidz ok<w fnyk ukgh- b-l-1689 e/;s laxes oj ;sfks lahkkth jkts eksxykap;k dsnsr lkimys- vkiy;k irhp;k dsnsph ckreh,sdwu ;slqckbzaoj czegkam dkslgys- R;kaP;koj izpam vk?kkr >kyk- lahkkth jktkap;k NGkP;k ckre;k jkst jk;xmkoj ;sr- R;k ckre;k,sdwu ;slqckbzauk ej.kizk; ;kruk gksr vlr- Lor%oj nq%[kkpk Mksaxj vkyk vlyk rjh] R;kauh vkiys nq%[k cktwyk lk#u izfke vkiys eu?kí dsys vkf.k LojkT; laj{k.k gsp vkrk vkiys ftfordk;z ekuwu ejkb;kae/;s euks/ks;z ok<fo.;kl lq#okr dsyh- 4P a g e

5 11 ekpz 1689 jksth o<w ;sfks lahkkth jktkaph gr;k >kyh- iq<s o<w ;kfbdk.kh ;slqckbz o kkgw ;kauh lahkkthps o`ankou cka/kys o R;kaP;k iqtsvpszlkbh usos ] uankfni] ckx d#u rqg kh yko.;klkbh fhkdkjke xkslkoh o oklqnso HkV ;kauk buke tehu fnyh- lahkkthp;k gr;suarj xknhoj okjl useus vko ;d gksrs- ;klkbh ;slqckbzadms nksu i;kza; gksrs-,d Eg.kts vkiyk eqyxk kkgw ;kps eapdkjksg.k dj.ks fdaok vkiyk fnj jktkjke ;kl xknhoj clfo.ksdks.kr;kgh lozlk/kkj.k L=hus vkiy;k irhp;k e`r;wuarj vkiy;k eqykpk Qk;nk ikfgyk vlrk- ijarw ;slwckbzauh vkiy;k iq=kp;k,soth vkiy;k fnjkl xkfnoj clo.;kpk mnkj fu.kz;?ksryk- jk;xmkoj ;slqckbzap;k lyy;kus elyr >kyh o ljnkjkauh Bjfoys dh] tksi;zar kkgw izks< gksr ukgh- rksi;zar jktkjkekl /kuh djkok- egkjk.kh ;slqckbzauh vr;ar f/kjksnkrri.ks loz ejkbk eamgkleksj fulokfkhzi.kkpk,d vkn kz?kkyowu fnyk vkf.k Lor% iq<s gksåu jktkjkekps eapdkjksg.k dsys- ;slqckbzauh jk;xmkoj loz ea=heamghauk,d= cksykowu R;kaP;kdMwu LojkT; j{k.kkp;k kifkk?ksry;k- ;k R;kaP;k LokFkZR;kxkeqGs loz ejkbk ljnkj izsek.ks,d= vkys vkf.k ;slqckbzap;k ekxzn kzuk[kkyh vksjaxtsckfo#n~/k y<.;kl r;kj >kys- ;kiwohzp jk;xmkyk >qfyqdkj[kkukpk os<k imyk gksrk- v kk dfb.kizlaxh ;slqckbzauh,d vlk fu.kz;?ksryk dh] LojkT; jk[kk;ps vlsy rj N=irh lqjf{kr jkghyk ikfgts- Eg.kwu jktkjkekus ljnkjkalg o dqvqacklg ckgsj imwu dukzvdkr ftathdms tkåu ejkb;kapk /ot vhkax jk[kkok- frdms lqjf{kr iksgpy;koj vkegkyk xqiri.ks frdms?ksowu tkos- vkegkl eqykl?ksowu jkg.;kl ;ksx; tkxk jk;xmk[ksjht ukgh- v kkizdkjs LojkT;kP;k j{k.kklkbh vkiys o vkiy;k iq=kps Hkfo ; egrrokps u ekurk vr;ar vksnk;kzaus] mnkrri.ks ;slqckbzauh gh elyr dsyh- R;kauh lerksyi.ks fopkj d#u jktkjkekl ckgsj im.;kpk lyyk fny;keqgs loz jktdqvq acp k=qp;k rkc;kr tk.;kpk /kksdk VkGyk- kkgw jk;xmkoj vkgs gs vksjaxtsckyk dgrkp R;kaus >qfyqdkj[kkukyk jk;xmkoj ikbfoys o R;kaus fdy;kyk os<k fnyk- ckgsfjy lgdk;kzaf kok; fdyyk vf/kd dkg y<fo.ks kd; uogrs- rjhgh ;slqckbzauh vkb efgus fdyyk y<foyk- jktkjke [kviv d#u dkghrjh enr djsy] v kh ;slwckbzauk vk kk gksrh- ijarw ksovh grcy gksåu ;slqckbzaus jk;xm eksxykap;k rkc;kr fnyk- ;slqckbz o kkgw vkf.k brj eamgh ;kauk >qfyqdkj[kkukus dsn d#u eqxy Nko.khr usrs- jk;xm vkb efgus y<owu eq?kyka kh luekuuh; okvk?kkvh dj.;kr tks iq<kdkj?ksryk rks lkgftdp f kokth egkjktkap;k lqusl kkshk.kkjk gksrk- vksjaxtsckus lahkkth egkjktkauk vekuq ki.ks Bkj ekjys vlys rjh] R;kaP;k jk.khl o iq=kl luekukus okxfoys- 5P a g e

6 vksjaxtsckph eqyxh f>urmuuhlk kkgwoj iq=or izse djh- ;slqckbzap;k ikfo«;kpk izr;{k vksjaxtsckoj brdk ifj.kke >kyk dh] R;kus R;kaph d/khgh vizfr Bk dsyh ukghvksjaxtsckus kkgwl ^jktk* gh inoh cgky d#u lkrgtkjh eulcnkjh fnyh- R;klkBh xqtjkr o [kkuns k vls nksu lqhks nsåu ;slqckbzauk gk dkjhkkj ikg.;kdjhrk vf/kdkj fnyktgkfxjhpk dkjhkkj ikg.;kdjhrk ^^;slwckbz okfyn, kkgw jktg lus vkgn** vlk b-l e/kyk f kddk dkxni=kaoj vk<gwu ;srks- dsnsr vlrkaukp vksjaxtsckus kkgwps nksu fookg ykowu fnys- vksjaxtsckl uo o/kw ikg.;kph bpnk >kyh- ijarw ejkbh L=h;kauk imnk vly;keqgs ckn kgkiw<s ;s.ks fjrhyk /k#u uogrs- gh osg ;slqckbzap;k dlksvhph gksrh- frus,dk nkflyk nkxnkfx.ks?kkyowu kkgwlkscr ckn kgkdms ikbfoys- fgp rh oh#ckbz gks;] rh iruh Eg.kwu v[ksji;zar kkgwlkscr jkghyh- ckn kgkus R;k nks?kkauk vkf kokzn fnyk- dsnsr vlqugh ;slwckbzaps laiw.kz y{k vkiy;k LojkT;kr gksrs- R;kgh iyhdms laiw.kz y{k jktkjke egkjktkadms gksrs- frus,dk i=krwu jktkjkekyk lqpuk dsyh dh] R;kaP;k ck;dkauk R;kus ftathgwu fo kkyxmkl ikbokos- ejkb;kaoj opzlo izlfkkfir dj.;klkbh vksjaxtsc 26 o kz >xmyk- i.k 1707 e/;s R;kps fu/ku >kys- vksjaxtsckpk iw= vk>e kgk ;kus Lor%yk ckn kgk?kksf kr dsys- R;kusgh ;slwckbz vkf.k kkgw o brj jktcanîkkaph lqvdk dsyh ukgh- R;keqGs ;slqckbz vkf.k kkgw izpam vlolfk gksrs- lqvdslkbh R;kauh eks?ky Nko.khrhy f>urmuuhlk csxe] >qfyqdkj[kku o jktiwr jkts ;kap;kekqzr ckn kgkdms vthz lq# dsy;kifj.kkeh HkksikG toghy eqddkekr kkgqph eqdrrk dj.;kr vkyh- i.k iq<s nf{k.ksr xsy;koj eq?kykafo#/n kkgw dkgh xjcm d# u;s- Eg.kwu ;slqckbz o brj jktcan;kauk vksyhl Eg.kwu dsnsrp Bsoys- vkiyh ulyh rjh] vkiy;k iq=kph dsnsrwu lqvdk >kyh- ;kps ;slqckbzyk lek/kku okvys- jktkjkep;k e`r;wuarj R;kph iruh rkjkckbz fgus eksxyka kh y<k fnyk o vkiyk iq= f kokth ;kyk xknhoj clowu rh Lor% jkt;dkjhkkj ikgw ykxyh- kkgwyk ejkbh xknhpk okjl ekuk;yk rkjkckbz r;kj uogrh- bdms kkgwus ejkbk ljnkjkauk vkiy;kdms ogowu rkjkckbz kh ;q/n iqdkjys- [ksmp;k y<kbzr kkgwus rkjkckbzapk ijkhko d#u Lor%pk jkt;fhk ksd djowu?ksryk- kkgw ejkb;kapk N=irh cuyk- ;kosgh ;slqckbz ek=] egkjk Vªkiklwu cú;kp nwj mrrjsp;k okvsoj eksxykap;k dsnsr gksr;k- N=irh kkgwyk vkiy;k ekrsp;k lqvdsfo k;h,dlkj[kh rgeg ykxyh- fnyyhoj Lokjh d#u ekrsph lqvdk dj.;kbrds lkef;z 6P a g e

7 kkgqtog uogrs- ijarw rh la/kh b-l-1718 e/;s R;kauk pkywu vkyh- fnyyhpk ckn kgk Q#[kf k;jp;k fojks/kkr kkgqus nf{k.ksrhy eksxy lqhksnkj l ;n gqlsuvyh ;kyk y djh enr fnyh- l ;n gqlsuvyhcjkscj kkgqp;k >kysy;k rgkuqlkj fnyyhp;k xknho#u Q#[kf k;jyk inp;wr dsy;kuarj uo;k lunkalkscr ;slqckbz o brj jktca kaph eqdrrk dsyh- 4 tqys 1719 jksth egkjk.kh ;slwckbz ejkb;kaph jkt/kkuh lkrkú;kl iksgpy;k- ekrksjhaps vkxeu gksr vkgs- gs letrkp kkgw jkts lkrkjk xmko#u mr#u fdr;sd dksl R;kaP;k HksVhl iw<s vkys- rccy,dk rikuarj ekrkiq=,desdkal HksVys- ejkb;kap;k bfrgklkrhy gk,d eksbk eaxy{k.k gksrk- lu 1689 rs 1719,o<k rhl o kkzpk fn?kzdkg ;k nqnzsoh egkjk.khyk cafnoklkr dk<kok ykxyk- cafnoklkry;k [kmrj thoukykns[khy R;kauh vr;ar /ks;kzus rksam fnys- mozfjr dkg R;kauh lq[kkus?kkyfoyk- ;slqckbz LojkT;kr nk[ky >ky;k- R;kosGh R;kaps o; 60 o kkzaps gksrs- i.k ;k o;krgh R;kauh kkgqp;k dkjfdnhzrgh dkgh U;k;fuokM;kaph dk;z dsyhr- N=irh kkgwus vkiy;k ekrsyk vr;ar ekukus okxfoys- ;slqckbzauh vkiy;k mozfjr dkgkr eqdrglrkus nku/kez dsyk o bz ojfparukr vkiys eu,dkxz dsysjktdkj.kkrqu R;k fuo`rr >ky;k vly;k rjhgh dkgh jktdkj.kizlaxh R;k vkiy;k eqyk kh lyykelyr djhr vls- thouke/;s vusd p<mrkj ikfgysy;k vkf.k jktdkj.kkrhy la?k kkzr laiw.kz thou gksjigwu fu?kkysy;k ;k ejkb;kap;k egkjk.khp;k thoukph v[ksj ek= vr;ar lek/kkuh volfksr xsyh- b-l e/;s egkjk.kh ;slqckbzapk e`r;w >kyk- ;slqckbzap;k e`r;wuarjpk ngufo/kh laxeekgqyh ;sfks dj.;kr vkyk- ekgqyh laxekoj egkjk.kh ;slwckbzaps o`ankou cka/k.;kr vkys- kkgw egkjkt rsfks fur; n kzukl tkr vls- R;kauh o`ankoukp;k iqtk O;oLFkslkBh ;ksx; rtfot d#u Bsoyh- ejkb;kap;k bfrgklkr egkjk.kh ;slqckbzaps dk;z gs vr;ar eguh; ekukos ykxsy- fu d kz & 1- egkjk.kh ;slqckbz g;k fofo/k {ks=krhy fofo/kkaxh Hkqfedk ctkorkauk vkirlaca/kh;kackcrgh vr;ar lkse;] izseg o mnkj fopkjkap;k iqjldkj dj.kkú;k gksr;k- 2- egkjk.kh ;slqckbzaph ejkb;kap;k jktdkj.kkrhy Hkqfedk vr;ar mnkjrsph vlqu R;kaph rqyuk jktekrk fttkckbza kh dsyh tkow kdrs- 7P a g e

8 3- ohjluq kk] ohjiruh] ohjekrk] LojkT; j{kd ;k ukr;kus egkjk.kh ;slqckbzaps drqzro Fkksj vkgs- 4- egkjk.kh ;slqckbzap;k pkrqz;krqu ejkbk LojkT;kpk cpko >kyk- R;kaP;k R;kxh Hkqfedsrwup gs kd; >kys- 5- ejkbk LojkT;kps ejkbk lkezkt;kr ifjorzu >kys] R;kps laiw.kz Js; egkjk.kh ;slqckbazuk tkrs- lanhkz xzafklqph & 1- xks[kys] MkW- dey & f koiw= lahkkth] KkufoKku fodkl eamg iq.ks] iokj] MkW- t;flaxjko & N=irh lahkkth LEkkjdxzaFk] eatqjh izdk kd dksygkiwj] ljnslkbz ek;k & egkjk Vª lksnkfeuh] dqyd.khz xazfkkxkj] iq.ks] iokj] MkW- t;flaxjko & egkjk.kh rkjkckbz & rkjkjk.kh fo kihb dksygkiwj] vkivs] n- fo- ¼laik-½ & egkjk Vª bfrgkl eaftjh] fp= kkgk izsl] iq.ks] casnzs] ok- fl- & lahkkth egkjkt ;kaps pfj=] ih- ih-,p- cqd LVkWy eqacbz] ns keq[k] kkjnk & f kodkyhu o is kosdkyhu L=h thou & fvgd egkjk Vª fo kihb izdk ku] OgVdj] MkW- T;ksrh & ejkbk o is kos dky[kamkrhy egkjk Vªkrhy drzcxkj fl=;k] fnyhijkt izdk ku iw.ks- 8P a g e