izdj.k 3 js la kks/kukph dk;zi/nrh 3-1 la kks/ku Eg.kts dk;

Transkript

1 izdj.k 3 js la kks/kukph dk;zi/nrh 3-1 la kks/ku Eg.kts dk; la kks/kukyk baxzthr Research EgVys tkrs- gk baxzth izfr kcn ;ksx;p vkgs- Research Eg.kts iqugk kks/k?ks.ks- oslvjp;k dks kkrgh la kks/ku Eg.kts dks.kr;kgh Kku kk[ksr uohu rùos vfkok rf;s kks/k.;klkbh vkf.k tquh rf;s o rros ifj{k.kklkbh dsysyk fpfdrld o i/nr khj vh;kl v kh O;k[;k fnysyh vkgs rlsp uo;kus mtsmkr vkysy;k rf;kap;k vk/kkjs izlfkkfir] Lohd`r fu d kz o fl/nkarkps iqu%ifj{k.k dj.;kp;k gsrwus fpfdrld o l[kksy pksd kh ok iz;ksx Eg.ktsp la kks/ku vls Eg.krk ;sbzy la kks/kukp;k O;k[;k %& la kks/kukp;k O;k[;k [kkyhyizek.ks ns.;kr vkysy;k vkgsr- 1½ ts- MCY;w oslv ;kap;k ers %& la kks/ku Eg.kts oskkfud i/nrh izr;{k dk;kzfuor dj.;kph lqo;oflfkr o fu;ec/n vh;kl.;kph izfø;k gks;- 2½ eks>jp;k ers %& lkekftd?kvuk o lkekftd lel;kap;k ckcrhr uohu Kku izkir d#u?ks.;kp;k mìs kkus dsysys Øec/n iz;ru gks;- 3½ Lyksfltj o LVhQsUlu ;kap;k ers] la kks/ku izfø;sps rhu isyw vkgsr- ¼1½ lkeku;hdj.kkp;k gsrwus ladyiuk o izfrds ;kaph gsrwiwozd gkrkg.kh ¼2½izLFkkfir KkukP;k d{kk ok<fo.ks] Kkukr lq/kkj.kk dj.ks o Kku izekf.kr dj.ks ¼3½ izekf.kr Kkukpk fl/nkar fufezrhlkbh o O;ogkjklkBh mi;ksx dj.ks- la kks/kukps voyksdu %& izlrkouk %& la kks/kukpk,danjhus fopkj djrk izfke la kks/ku Eg.kts dk; rs igk;yk gos- ek.klke/;s,d mitr dqrwgy izo`ùkh vlrs- vkiy;k HkksorkyP;k txkrhy ek.kls olrw vkf.k?kvuk ;kaps vflrro ek.klkyk tsogkiklwu tk.ko;kyk ykxrs]

2 rsogkaiklwu gs dk; vkgs] dls vkgs gs vkiy;k Kkusafnz;kapk mi;ksx d#u tk.kwu?ks.;kph R;kph [kviv lq# gksrs vkf.k gs tk.kwu?ks.ks Eg.kts la kks/ku gks;- la kks/kukph izsj.kk %& vxnh vfkzo;olfksr Eg.kts nqií;kr xqamkgysys vlrs- eqy rksamkik kh ;srhy R;k olrwaps rksamkusp Kku d#u?ks.ks- nqiv;kckgsj imys dh yqdyqdr;k MksG;kauh ikgw ykxrs- vkbz vksg[kw ykxrs- ex can eqbh m?kmwu olrw gkrkr /k# ykxrs- gs loz R;kaP;kr vlysy;k mitr dqrqgykeqgs gksrs- gs dqrwgy la kks/kukph tuuh vkgs- vls dqrwgy eukr fuekz.k >kys dh] eukl,d izdkjpk lw{e rk.k fuekz.k gksrks vkf.k ek.kwl vlolfk gksrks- gk rk.k ek.klkyk dqrwgy kefo.;klkbh d`rh djk;yk izo`ùk djrks- vls gs dqrwgy ek.klkyk la kks/kukph izsj.kk nsrs-,o<sp uogs rj d`rh djk;yk izo`ùk djrs vkf.k ygkui.kkiklwu ek.kwl ekfgrh teok;yk lq#okr djrks- Lej.kkr Bsok;yk ykxrks- gs izkfkfed Kku vlrsiq<s tltlk xks VhP;k laidkzr ek.kwl ;k;yk ykxrks- uohu ekfgrh fegok;yk ykxrks rlrlk ek.kwl uohu ekfgrhpk vk/khp;k ekfgrh kh lkaxm?kkyk;yk ykxrksex R;kyk R;kP;kr dkgh laca/k fnlk;yk ykxrkr- rks rqyuk d# ykxrks- uo;k o tqu;k xks Vhr R;kr dkgh leku xq.k/kez vk<grkr rsogka rks R;kauk,dk oxkzr?kkyrks- Eg.kts R;kaps oxhzdj.k djrks- vk.k[kh iq<s tkåu R;kyk vls vk<grs dh] Hkksorkyh?kM.kkÚ;k?kVuk dkgh Øekus?kMrkr- rlsp,[kknh?kvuk?kmyh rjp iq<ph?kvuk?kmrs- Eg.kts vk/kh?kmysyh?kvuk dkj.k vkgs rj uarj?kmysyh?kvuk frpk ifj.kke vkgs gs dgrs- gk dk;zdkj.k laca/k fuf pr dj.;klkbh rks vusd osgk r khp fujh{k.ks osxosxg;k fbdk.kh osxosxg;k osgh djrks o exp R;kP;k eukr dkj.k ifj.kke laca/k izlfkkfir gksrkseqgkr ek.klktog ekfgrh tek gksrs rh vgsrqdi.ks i.k frpk okij d#u rks vfkzdkj.k laca/k izlfkkfir djk;yk tkrks rsogk R;kyk la kks/ku Eg.krk ;srs- vusd vuqhkokaps dkagh fud kkap;k vk/kkjs oxhzdj.k d#u R;kP;krhy leku lw=s kks/kwu dk<.ks] R;k lw=krhy dkj.k&ifj.kke laca/kkps fo/kku vk.k[kh ekfgrh fegowu riklwu

3 ikg.ks o ex R;kyk fl/nkar #i ns.ks ;k i/nrhyk vkxe&i/nr Eg.krkr- dkgh osgsyk ek.klkyk dkj.k&ifj.kkekps lw= ekfgr vlrs- i.k e/kys?kvd o izfø;k ;k ekfgr ulrkr- d/kh d/kh ;k e/ky;k?kvdkr cny >kyk rj dkj.k ifj.kke lw=krgh cny gkså kdrks- rkd tk.kwu?ks.;klkbh rdkzpk vk/kkj?ksowu fu d kz dk<kos ykxrkr vkf.k rs riklwu ikg.;klkbh HkkSfrd txkrwu vk.k[kh ekfgrh fegokoh ykxrs o uarj lw=kpk [kqavk gyowu cgdv gksrks ;k i/nrhyk fuxeu i/nr Eg.krkrmnkgj.k fo kfkhz jkst vh;klkyk nsr vlysyk osg o ifj{ksr R;kyk fegr vl.kkjh Js.kh ;kr ijlij laca/k vkgsr vls vkiy;kyk okvrs- rsogka vki.k izr;{kkr cú;kp fo kf;kzauk fopk#u R;kauh vh;klkyk fnysyk osg rklkr ekstrks vkf.k feg.kkjs ifj{ksrhy ; k Js.khr ekstrks- rsogka fnlwu ;srs dh tklr osg vh;kl dj.kkú;k eqykauk lozlk/kkj.ki.ks izfke Js.kh fegrs gh >kyh vkxe i/nrvkiy;kyk lokzauk BkÅd vlrs dh] euq ; T;k leqgkpk lnl; vlrks] R;kP;k fu;ekizek.ks okxrks- eqyxh gh eqyh ;k leqgkph?kvd vlrs- Eg.kwu eqyhizek.ks fof k V iks kk[k djrs- jk= gks.;kiwohz?kjh ijr ;s.;kpk fu;e ikgrs- rj euq ;kp;k lkekftd orzukpk gk fu;e lekt kkl=kus izlfkkfir dsyk vkgs- gk oki#u fuom.kwdhr ernku dls >kys gs riklwu igkrk ;sbzy- ernku djrkauk tkrhp;k mesnokjkyk izfke ilarh fnyh tkrs vls lokzauk okvrs- jktdh; i{k gh fof k V fohkkxkrhy cgqla[; tkrhpk mesnokjp rsfks mhkk djrkr- rsogka ernkjkaph uarj ikg.kh dsyh rj ojhy fl/nkar cjkscj vkgs] dh pwd vkgs gs ikgrk ;sbzy- tj fl/nkur cjkscj Bjyk o tkrhfugk; ernku >kysys vk<gys rj fl/nkarkyk cgdvh ;sbzyv kk rúgsus fl/nkar okij.;kpk vkf.k rs riklwu ikg.;kp;k i/nrhyk fuxeu i/nr Eg.krkr- 3-2 la kks/kukph dk;zi/nrh

4 dks.krsgh la kks/ku dk;z djrkauk la kks/ku i/nrhph xjt o fuom gh egùokph Bjrs- lnj la kksf/kdsus lnjpk fo k; ;klkbh,sfrgkfld o.kzukred i/nrhpk voyac dj.;kps Bjfoys- dkj.k lnjpk fo k; gk nfyr fl=;k vkredfkus gk,sfrgkfld i/nrhoj voyacwu vly;keqgs vkf.k R;kps QDr nlr,sot iqlrd #ikus ok xzafk #ikus vfkok la kks/ku isij b- }kjs dk;z djko;kps vly;keqgs lnjph i/nrh mi;qdr Bjyh vkgs- ;k n` Vhus la kksf/kdsus,sfrgkfld nlr,sotkp;k vk/kkjs nfyr lkfgr;kp;k vh;klklkbh 1983 rs 2008 i;zarpk 25 o kkzk dky[kam lggsrqd fuomyk vkgs- ;ke/;s la kksf/kdsus nfyr lkfgr;krhy QDr nfyr fl=;k vkredfkukpkp fopkj dsyk vly;keqgs nfyr fl=;kap;k vkredfkukaph,danjhr ukanhp vki.kkl,df=r djko;kph vly;keqgs nfyr fl=;kap;k vkredfkukarwu R;kauh R;kaP;k ekamysy;k osnukaph feekalk lnj la kksf/kdsyk djko;kph vkgs- ;klkbh la kksf/kdsus,dw.k 10 L=h vkredfkukapk fopkj d#u R;kaP;k iqjrkp e;kzfnr dsyk vkgs rs 2008 ;k dky[kamko;frfjdr la kksf/kdsus fopkj dsysyk ukgh lkyh ifgyh nfyr L=hps vkredfku vkys Eg.kwu frfkaiklwupk dkyko/kh?ksryk- la kks/kukp;k i/nrh [kkyhy izek.ks %& 1½,sfrgkfld la kks/ku i/nrh (Historical Method) 2½ o.kzukred losz{k.k la kks/ku i/nrh (Descriptive Servey Research Method) 3½ izk;ksfxd la kks/ku i/nrh (Experimental Method) 3-3,sfrgkfld i/nrh

5 3-3-1 izlrkokuk & bfrgklkpk bfrgkl gk ekuokbrdkp izkphu vkgs- euq ; tuekyk vkyk rsogkiklwu bfrgklkph lq#okr >kyh vls EgVys rj vfr k;ksdrh gks.kkj ukghbfrgklkr xrdkgkrhy o Hkwrdkyhu?kVukapk lekos k >kysyk vlrks- R;k R;k lektkr lxg;k izdkjp;k?kmkeksmhapk o`ùkkar bfrgklkr vlrks- jkts] ljaetnkj] tgkfxjnkj vkf.k rrle Lo#ikP;k vf/kdkjkp;k Hkksorh xqjqvysy;k O;Drhph t kh bfrgklkr uksan vkgs rlsp R;kaP;k fofo/k ijkøe vkf.k y<kbzps lq/nk o.kzu bfrgklkr okpk;yk fegrs- f kok; T;k T;k dky[kamkrhy iztk rfkk lektkps o.kzu lq/nk bfrgklkph ikus pkgr vlrkauk okpk;yk fegrkr Lo#i & lkekftd la kks/kuke/;s rf;s fegfo.;kp;k vusd i/nrhe/;s,sfrgkfld vh;kl i/nrh tquh i.k mi;qdr Bjysyh i/nrh vkgs- olrqr% lekt kkl=h; la kks/kukr oskkfud vh;kl i/nrhpk okij vfuok;z vkgs gs [kjsp vkgs i.k R;k i/nrhp;k e;kznk y{kkr?ksrk dkgh ckchaps Lo#ip vls vlrs dh] rsfks gh i/nrh dqpdkekph Bjrs- izkphu dkgh?kmysy;k?kvukaph ehekalk djrkauk brj dks.kr;kp vh;kl i/nrh mi;ksxh Bjr ukghr- fdacgquk R;kapk okij d#u lozloh R;koj voyacwu jkg.ks] gs osmsi.kkps Bjsy- rsogk xrdkykrhy?kvukapk vh;kl dks.kr;k kkl=h; i/nrhus djko;kpk ;k iz ukaps mùkj dsog,sfrgkfld i/nrhusp kos ykxrs- Eg.kwu rj,sfrgkfld vh;kl i/nrhps la kks/kukrhy LFkku mpp ekuys tkrs- dsog lkekftd kkl=krp ;k i/nrhpk okij dsyk tkrks vls ukgh] rj uslfxzd fokkuke/;sgh,sfrgkfld i/nrhusp lanhkz kks/kys tkrkr xrdkyhu?kvukapk vh;kl &

6 bfrgkl gk kcn bfr$ vkl ;krwu fuekz.k >kyk vkgs- ;kpk vfkz xrdkykrhy?kvuk vlk vkgs- xrdkyhu?kvukapk ekxksok?ks.ks gs vusd vfkkzauh vko ;d vlrs- R;kps Lo#i vusd osgsyk xqarkxqarhps] lafnx/k] vli V] fujh{k.kckg; o dkyn` V;k nwj varjkojps vlrs- lkgftdp v kk?kvukapk vh;kl,dk osxg;k i/nrhusp djkok ykxrks- ;k uohu i/nrhyk,sfrgkfld i/nrh vls Eg.krkr- lkekftd o,sfrgkfld?kvukar ekuoh O;kikj o d`rh ;kapk laca/k vlrks- R;keqGs R;kps ifj.kke ;kaf=dh Lo#ikps ulrkr- ekuoh O;kikjkbrdsp R;kps ifj.kkegh perdkfjd ygjh Lo#ikps vlrkr- Eg.kwu /kkfezd] lkekftd o,sfrgkfld?kvuk xqarkxqarhp;k lafnx/k] fujh{k.k djrk ;s.ks kd; ulrs- iqugk r khp ifjflfkrh fuekz.k d#u?kvuk?kmfo.;kbrds ;k?kvukaps Lo#i lk/ks ulrs- ;q/nklkj[kh?kvuk?kmowu vk.k.ks kd; ulrs- R;klkBh iqugk ;q/n?kmwu ;s.;kph okv ikgkoh ykxrs xrdkyhu?kvukaps egùo &,sfrgkfld vh;kl i/nrhr xrdkyhu?kvukapk ekxksok?ksryk tkrks- R;kps Lo#i fdrhgh xqarkxqarhps vlys ok vli V vlys rjh gh R;kpk xqark lksmo.ks gs,d vkogkup vlrs- lkekftd la kks/kukr rj xrdkyhu?kvukap;k vh;klkyk egùoiw.kz LFkku vlrs- ;kps dkj.k vls dh] lkekftd lewg] lalfkk o O;Drh ;kap;ke/;s lkrr;kus deh&vf/kd izek.kkr cny gksr vlrkr- lkgftdp O;DrhP;k lkekftd Hkwfedsr o lalfkkp;k Lo#ikr ifjorzukph izfø;k pkywgh gksrs- R;kps vkdyu uhv gks.;klkbh lkekftd?kvukaph rikl.kh lq#okrhiklwu dj.ks vxr;kps vlrs- v kkosgh,sfrgkfld vh;kl egùoiw.kz Bjrks Hkwr] orzeku o Hkfo ; ;kaps?kfu B lac/k & orzekudkgkrhy?km.kkjh?kvuk gh vkdfledi.ks?kmwu ;sr ukgholrqflfkrhe/;s vdlekri.ks o vuisf{kri.ks?km.kkjs perdkj vxnh vioknkred EgVys ikfgts- dks.krhgh?kvuk fo ks kr% vlkeku;?kvuk HkwrdkGkrwu?kMrp ;sr

7 vlrs- R;kps n` ; QDr orzekukr fnlwu ;srs- vks ksfxd Økarh 18O;k krdkp;k mùkjk/kkzr o 19O;k krdkiklwu pkyw gksrh] gs ukdkjrk ;sr ukgh- rsogk orzekudkgkrhy?kvukaph ikgseqgs Hkwrdkyhu?kVukapk vk<kok?;kok ykxrks- rsogk Hkwrdkyhu?kVukr orzekudkgkrhy?kvukaph chts vlrkr- R;kpizek.ks m kp;k m k%dkykph igkv orzekudkgkr fnlwu ;srs] rj orzekudkyhu igkv jk=hp;k xhkkzr vlrs lkekftd?kvuk o lkekftd lalfkkps ;ksx; vkdyu %&,sfrgkfld vh;kl i/nrhps Lo#i fdaok R;kps egùo dks.krs gs vtekork gs y{kkr?ks.ks t#j vkgs dh,dw.k ekuoh lald`rhps vkdyu,sfrgkfld i/nrhus gkså kdrs- dkj.k dks.kr;kgh lkekftd?kvusps ;FkkFkZ vkdyu d#u?ks.;klkbh R;k?kVuspk mxe o fodkl dlk >kyk gs ikg.ks mn~cks/kd Bjr vlrs- lekt kkl=kr 19O;k krdkr fodkloknh rro vr;ar izhkkoh Bjys- ;kps gsp dkj.k vkgsvkwxlrdkar] gczvz LisUlj],y-Vh- gkwcgkål ;kauh,sfrgkfld vh;kl i/nrhpk voyac d#up ekuo lektkpk fodkl fof k V volfkkrwup >kyk gs izfriknu dsyslokzreokn] cgqnsookn o,dnsookn ;k /kkfezd fopkjkap;k volfkk lj,momz Vk;yjuh ekamy;k- lj tsel izs>j ;kauh tknwvks.kk] /kez o fokku ;k rhu volfkke/kwu ekuo lektkpk fodkl >kyk] gs nk[kowu fnys- b- oslvjekdz ;kauh fookg lalfkspk o,- vksiu gsej ;kauh jkt;lalfkspk fodkl,sfrgkfld i/nrhpk voyac d#up fo kn dsyk- ewdl oscj ;k izfl/n tezu kkl=kkus,sfrgkfld vh;kl i/nrhpk voyac d#u HkkaMoy kkghpk mxe] vk/kqfud uksdj kkghpk fodkl br;knhaps Li Vhdj.k dsys vk/kqfud bfrgklkpk uohu n` Vhdksu %&

8 vkrki;zar bfrgkl Eg.kts dsog xrdkgkr t kk?kvuk?kmy;k R;kaps tsls Fks o.kzu vls lozlkeku;i.ks letys gksrs- R;keqGs krdkekxwu ;s.kkú;k krdkr dks.kr;k jktkauh dksbs jkt; dsys\ R;kauh dks.krs dk;z dsys\ R;kaph n` d`r;s br;knhpk vk<kok bfrgklkus?ksryk tkrks- ;k o.kzukr fdr;sd osgsyk vfrjaftrrk vls fdr;sd osgsyk olrqflfkrhpk foi;kzl vls- i.k vk/kqfud bfrgkldkj dsog olrqflfkrhps fp=.k dj.;kr /ku;rk ekuhr ukghr- rrdkyhu lkekftd lalfkk] lkekftd eamgs] yksdkaps jktdh;] lkekftd] vkffkzd o lkald`frd thoukps n kzu bfrgklkr?kmys ikfgtslkekftd ik ozhkwehfouk dks.kr;kgh lkekftd?kvukaph fpfdrlk djrkauk R;kph ik ozhkweh riklwu ikg.ks egùokps Bjrs- vk/kqfud bfrgkldkjkapk n` Vhdksu vf/kd O;kid >kysyk vkgs- Økarh] ;q/n] /kkfezd lalfkkrhy lq/kkj.kk] ; kki kkp;k xkfkk] lkezkt;kps p<mrkj br;knh?kvukap;k oklro o.kzukuqlkj bfrgkl e;kzfnr ekuyk tkr ukgh- dkgh?kvukaph fpfdrld ehekalk gk vk/kqfud bfrgklkpk vkrek vkgsbfrgklkdms c?k.;kpk uohu n` Vhdksu y{kkr?ksrkauk vk.k[kh,dk ckchapk myys[k dsyk ikfgts- rh ckc v kh dh] Hkwrdkyklaca/khP;k Eg.ktsp,sfrgkfld?kVukackcr cnyysyk n` Vhdksu gks;- xrdkyhu?kvuk LQwfrZnk;d vlrkr- vf/kd ikolkgs vaxkoj?ksrysy;k o;kso`/n fir;kizek.ks bfrgklkr O;kogkfjd kgk.ki.k lkekoysys vlrs vkf.k Eg.kwup orzekudkgkp;k lanhkkzr xrdkg vf/kd vfkziw.kz Bjrks- gs dsogkgh foljrk ;sr ukgh- xrdkgkrhy?kvukaph tk.kho BsoY;kus orzekudkgkrhy d`r; vf/kd /kkjnkj curs lkekftd la kks/kukr bfrgklkps LFkku % lkekftd la kks/kukph izfø;k bfrgklkpk vk/kkj?ksry;kf kok; iw.kz gksr ukghbfrgklkpk vk/kkj lkekftd la kks/kukr?ksryk tkr vlyk rjh tlkp;k rlk R;kpk mi;ksx d#u?ks.ks kd; ukgh- bfrgklkpk mi;ksx d#u?ksrkauk,dk fof k V i/nrhus R;kpk Lohdkj dsyk tkr vlrks- iqjkru dkgkrhy lxg;k?kvuk izlaxkpk mi;ksx

9 d#u u?ksrk fo k;kp;k lacaf/kr,[kk k osf k V;kaps iw.kz?kvdkoj la kks/kd y{k dsafnzr djhr vlrks- Eg.kts lnjhy?kvuk d kh o dk?kmyh ;kpk vankt?ks.;kpk iz;ru la kks/kdkp;k orhus dsyk tkrks- la kks/kukr veqd,dk fof k V dkgkr fbdk.kh dk;?kmys\ ;kps dkj.k la kks/kd kks/kwu dk<r ukgh- ;k myv gh?kvuk dk?kmyh vkf.k d kklkbh?kmyh vlsy ;kpk ekxksok?ks.;kpk la kks/kdkpk iz;ru vlrks- v kk izlaxh,[kknh ygku kh?kvuklq/nk la kks/kdkyk,d fof k V fn kk izkir d#u nsrs- bfrgklkr?kvukaps ukao] R;k laca/khps izlax]?kvuk LFkku vkf.k dkg] dks.kke/;s R;k?kMwu vky;k ;k laca/khps lfolrj o.kzu vlrs- ijarq lkekftd la kks/kukr ;k lxg;kph vko ;drk ulrs- ;sfks?kvukp;k Øeokj ekfgrhph vftckr xjt ulrs- QDr?kVukrhy dk;zdkj.k laca/k kks/kwu dk<.;kpk,deso mìs k lkekftd la kks/kukp;k n` Vhus egùokpk vlrks- xrdkgkr T;k dkgh?kvuk?kmysy;k vlrhy R;kapk orzekudkyhu lektkoj dks.krs dls vkf.k dk; ifj.kke >kys vkf.k R;keqGs dkgh lkekftd ifjorzu?kmwu vkys dk rlsp lalfkkrxzr dkgh jpukred o dk;kzred cny?kmwu vkys dk;\ gk vlk ikg.;kpk mìs k lkekftd la kks/kukr vlrks- rks bfrgklkpk vk/kkj?ksåuplkekftd la kks/kukr,sfrgkfld?kvukaph ;knh r;kj djko;kph ulrs- R;kph vko ;drkgh ulrs- [kwip izkphu dkgkrhy vlly dkxni=s fdaok mr[kuu dj.;kphlq/nk xjt ulrs- xjt vlrs R;k?kVukapk vfkz Li V d#u?ks.;kph vkf.k R;klkBh dkxni=kpk vh;kl dj.ks egùokps letys tkrs- ;kpkp vfkz vlk dh] lkekftd la kks/kukr?kvuk Øekadkph vko ;drk ulrs- QDr?kVukØekP;k vuqjks/kkus th xqarkxqarhph lkekftd ifjflfkrh fuekz.k >kyh R;k ifjflfkrhpk vh;kl dj.;kph lkekftd xjt vlrs- bfrgklkr vusd?kvuk izlaxkps o.kzu okpr vlrkauk lektkps olrqfu B fp= y{kkr ;srs-

10 3-3-9,sfrgkfld rf;kaph mxelfkkus %&,sfrgkfld rf;kaph mexlfkkus iq<hy izek.ks gksr- ¼1½ dkxni=s % dkxni=s gs,sfrgkfld kks/kkps mxelfkku vkgs- xrdkyhu O;Drhps fopkj o d`rh ;kaps Kku dkxni=kap;k vk/kkjs gksr vlrs-,sfrgkfld Kkukps rs p{kwp dk;] i.k rs izk.k vkgsr- vls tjh EgVys rjh rh vfr k;ksdrh Bjr ukgh- dkxni=s fegr ulrhy rj,sfrgkfld rf;gh feg.kkj ukghr- rsogk dkxni=s vlrhy rjp bfrgkl mhkk jkgw kdrks-,sfrgkfld dkxni=kapk kks/k?ks.ks gs,d iozrizk; dke vlrs- R;klkBh euq ;cy o nzo;cggh eksb;k izek.kkr ykxrs- dkj.k egroiw.kz v kh dkxni=s usedh dqbs vk<grhy gs lkaxrk ;sr ukgh- T;k O;fDrP;k gkrh gh dkxni=s vlrhy rh fegowu R;kyk lkoztfud #i ns.ks vko ;d vlrs- dkxni=s fegowu rh O;ofLFkrjhR;k tqgoyh ikfgts- gh dkxni=s pkaxyh pkgyh ikfgts- R;kaph ukao fu khokj ;knh r;kj dsyh ikfgts- dkxni=kaph lwph r;kj dj.ks xjtsps vlrs- dkxni=s gkrh?ksry;kuarj R;kph kgkfu kk dsyh ikfgts- dkj.k R;krhy etdwj ;FkkFkZ [kjk vkgs dh ukgh] gs rkmwu ikfgys ikfgts- Eg.kwup dkxni=kaps izdkj fopkjkr?ksrys ikfgtsr- ¼1½ ewg glrfyf[kr gs rj vf/kd fo oluh;- ¼2½ ewg izrhph uddy vlsy rsfks rikl.kh vko ;d vkgs- ¼3½ dkagh osgsyk,desdkiklwu FkksMs Qkj fhkuu vl.kkú;k vusd izrh lkimy;k rj R;kapk,desdkal vl.kkjk laca/k Li V Ogko;kl gok- ¼2½ lkald`frd o fo ys k.kkred bfrgklkph lkexzh %

11 vh;kl fo k;kyk vko ;d vlysyh ekfgrh ladfyr dj.ks ØeizkIr vlrsi.k T;k iz ukps fo ys k.k djko;kps vkgs] R;k laca/kh dks.krh ekfgrh fegok;ph gs BjY;kuarj dks.kr;k nq ;e lkexzhpk okij djko;kpk gsgh fuf pr djko;kps vlrsvkrepfj=] jkstfu kh] i=s] dsfq;rh br;knhapk okij djkok ykxrks- xrdkyhu?kvukfo k;h ekfgrh fegoko;ph vly;kus ;kgh nq ;e lkeqxzhpk cjkp mi;ksx gkså kdrks- ¼1½loZlkekU;i.ks vkrepfj=s ek.kwl thoukp;k la/;kdkghp fyfgr vlrks- R;kosGh R;kph ekufld flfkrh vfyir >kysyh vlrs- thoukpk ekxksok?ksr vlrkauk?kmysy;k?kvukapk ijke kz vfyiri.ks?kså kdrks- R;keqGs cú;kp xrdkyhu?kvukoj izdk k imw kdrks- ¼2½ jkstfu kh gs,d vr;ar [kktxh Lo#ikps ys[ku vlrs- ;ke/;s ys[kdkps varezu izxv >kysys vlrs- Eg.kwup?kVukaps fo ys k.k djrkauk la kks/kdkauk jkstfu kh mi;qdr okvrs R;ko#u vusd?kvukaps fo ys k.k jkstfu khp;k vk/kkjs la kks/kd d# kdrks- ¼3½ [kktxh Lo#ikph i=s gh vusd?kvukckcr cksydh Bjrkr- T;k dkgkr nirjs fyfgyh tkr uogrh R;k dkgkrhy,[kk k O;Drhps i= gkrh ykxys rj rs yk[k eksykps Bjrs- ;k i=ko#u rrdkyhu?kvukaps /kkxsnksjs tqgfo.ks o?kvukaps fo ys k.k dj.ks vr;ar mn~cks/kd B# kdrs- ¼3½?kVukaP;k lk{kkr tk.kdkjkaph dkxni=s % dks.kr;kgh?kvusfo k;hph ekfgrh ladfyr djrkauk vf/kd fo oluh; ekfgrh fegkoh vlkp vh;kldkpk iz;ru vlrks- R;krp xrdkyhu?kvuk lozp vfkkzus va/kkjkr vlrs- R;kP;k fo k;hph ekfgrh fegfo.ks gs,d egkdbh.k dke vkgs- i.k v kkgh O;Drh lektkr vlrkr dh] T;kauh xrdkykrhy?kmwu xsysyh?kvuk MksG;kauh ikfgysyh vlrs- v kk O;Drhph eqyk[kr xrdkyhu?kvukoj izdk k ikmw kdrs- vfrizkphu?kvuklaca/kh R;kauh dkgh ys[ku dsys vly;kl gs fy[kk.k vr;ar mn~cks/kd B# kdrs ,sfrgkfld ekfgrhph lk/kus %&

12 ¼1½ dkxni=s % lkekftd la kks/kuklkbh vkf.k R;krY;k R;kr lekt kkl=h; la kks/kuklkbh,sfrgkfld iqjkok vly;kf kok; la kks/kukph izfø;k iw.kzrokyk tkr ukgh- la kks/kd,[kk k fo k;kyk iwjd Eg.kwu tsogk,sfrgkfld rf;s kks/kwu dk<rks- rsogk R;kr dkagh nlrk,sot] mr[kuu dsysy;k olrwph ekfgrh fegfor vlrks- gh lxgh ekfgrh glrfyf[kr fdaok iqlrd#ikus miyc/k gksr vlrs- izkphu dkgh Hkkjrh; lekt O;oLFkk d kh gksrh ;kps Li Vhdj.k xazfk ok glrfyf[krkrwu fegrs- ¼2½ lkald`frd o fo ys k.kkred ekfgrh % izr;sd lektkyk lald`rh vlrs- lald`frf kok; lekt ukgh- Hkwrdkyhu lald`rh vkf.k lkaiznkf;d lald`rh ;ke/;s dkagh Qjd vkgs dk\ fdaok orzekudkyhu lald`rh HkwrdkGkr d kh gksrh ;kpk,[kk k fo k;kpk vh;kl djrkauk vk<kok?;kok ykxrkslektkph lokzaxh.k ekfgrh d#u?ksrkuk R;kP;k izkphu lald`rhpk ekxksok?;kok ykxrks vkf.k gk ekxksok,sfrgkfld ekfgrho#u miyc/k gksr vlrks- ¼3½ la kks/kdkph fo oluh; ekfgrh % lkekftd kkl=kps la kks/ku djhr vlrkauk vlly bfrgklkrwu fegkysy;k ekfgrhf kok; la kks/kdkyk vk.k[kh,dk ekfgrhpk mi;ksx gksr vlrks vkf.k rh Eg.kts la kks/kdkauh ladfyr dsysys,sfrgkfld iqjkos ok rf;s vkf.k R;krwu dk<ysys fu d kz izr;sd lkekftd la kks/kd ukgh EgVys rjh,sfrgkfld lanhkz nsåu vkiys la kks/ku dk;z iw.kz djhr vlrks ,sfrgkfld i/nrhp;k vko ;d ckch %& vh;kldktog [kkyhy ckch vly;k ikfgtsr- ¼1½ bfrgklkfhkeq[k v kh lkekftd n` Vh %

13 ,sfrgkfld vh;kl i/nrhpk voyac d#u HkwrdkGkr xmi >kysys Kku izdk kkr vk.k.ks gs fcdv dke vh;kldkl djkos ykxrs- izr;sd ckc o izr;sd?kvuk ;kaps fp=.k lqla?kfvr gks.ks xjtsps vlrs- R;klkBh izr;sd ckjhd lkjhd ckchaph fpfdrlk foosdiw.kz gks.ks egùokps vlrs- dkj.k dks.krhgh?kvuk] er o lalfkk ;kaph fufezrh ksovh fof k V i;kzoj.kkrwu gksr vlrs- R;keqGs R;kapk vh;kl i;kzoj.kkp;k lanhkkzr gks.ks t#jhps vlrs- R;kf kok; dk<ysys fu d kz voklro curkr- Eg.kwup vh;kldktog lkekftd n` Vh vl.ks gh,d vko ;d ckc vkgs- ¼2½ fo ys k.kkred n` Vh %?kvukfo k;hph ekfgrh ladfyr dj.ks,o<sp bfrgklkps mfì V ulrs- ;k ekfgrhps ;FkkFkZ fo ys k.k gks.ks vr;ar t#jhps vlrs- bfrgklkps fo ys k.kkred Lo#i gs vktp;k,sfrgkfld vh;kli/nrhps osf k V~; cuys vkgs-,[kk k Økarh fdaok ;q/nkps o.kzu R;krhy Mko&izfrMko ;kaps fp=.k,o<sp bfrgklkr dsys tkr ukghi.k R;kekxhy dkj.ks o,dw.k?kvukaph dk;zdkj.k dkj.kehekalk R;kekxhy HkkoHkkoukaps fo ys k.k vfydmsp egùokps ekuys tkrs- rsogk,sfrgkfld i/nrhpk vh;kl djrkauk vh;kldkus gh fo ys k.kkred n` Vh Bsoyh ikfgts- ¼3½ olrqfu B n` Vhdksu % dks.kr;kgh la kks/kukr olrqfu Brsph xjt vlrs] i.k,sfrgkfld vh;kl i/nrhpk voyac d#u xrdkyhu?kvukaps fo ys k.k djrkauk gh olrqfu B n` Vh tk.khoiwozd tksiklyh ikfgts- Hkkofoo k u gksrk] O;Drhxr LokFkZ] ekufld dy] LoHkko] vgadkj] }s k vknh fodkj cktwyk Bsoys rjp],[kk kk?kvusps fo ys k.k ;ksx;jhr;k gkså kdsy- o.kz] oxz] /kez o izns k ;kap;k dks.kr;k fopkjkiklwu vh;kldkus nwj jkfgysp ikfgts-,sfrgkfld i/nrhpk voyac djrkauk fui{kikrh jkfgys ikfgts-

14 ¼4½ fo k;kps Kku o Li Vrk % funksz k fopkj i/nrh Bsowu vh;kldkus dkxni=krhy etdwjkpk vuo;kfkz ykoyk ikfgts] i.k R;klkBh dkgh xks Vhaps Kku R;kyk vl.;kph xjt vkgs- dkgh osgsyk vkkukrwugh pqdk gks.;kph kd;rk vlrs- Hkk kkfo k;d] rrokku fo k;d o bfrgklfo k;d Kku vh;kldkyk vlys ikfgts- vh;kl fo k;kp;k lanhkkzr brfkahkwr ekfgrh R;kyk vlyh ikfgts- R;k vh;kl fo k;krhy miyc/k ekfgrhoj R;kyk iqugk iqugk ifjje djkos ykxw u;sr- ¼5½ dyiuk kdrhph xjt %,sfrgkfld i/nrhpk voyac dj.kkú;k vh;kldktog izfrhkk fdaok dyiuk kdrh vlyh ikfgts- U;kgkGysY;k dkxni=krwu fof k V vuo;kfkz yko.;kph {kerk vh;kldktog ulsy rj dsog?kvukaps o.kzu gs #{k] fujl o vfkzghu BjrsfeGfoysY;k ekfgrhr egùokph ekfgrh dks.krh gs R;kyk letys ikfgts- ts u ns[ks joh] rs ns[ks doh vls Eg.krkr ,sfrgkfld i/nrhp;k ik;ú;k@i/nrh %,sfrgkfld i/nrhp;k ik;ú;k ok i/nrhaps laf{kir foospu iq<hy izek.ks dj.;kr vkys vkgs- ¼1½ lel;k fuom % la kks/kdkus fo k; fuomrkauk R;kyk >sisy v kkp izdkjpk fo k; ok leal;kph fuom dj.ks vko ;d vlrs- Lor%ph e;kznk y{kkr?ksåu fo k; fuomyk rj rf;s ok ekfgrh fego.;kl Qkjlk =kl gksr ukgh- f kok; la kks/ku izdyi iw.kz gks.;klkbh fdrh osg vkf.k [kpz ykxsy ;kapslq/nk fu;kstu dj.ks vko ;d vkgs-

15 ¼2½ rf;s ladyu %,sfrgkfld i/nrhpk mi;ksx f}fr;d lkexzh Eg.kwu dsyk tkrks- lkekftd kkl= o lekt kkl= la kks/kdkyk rf;s ladyu djrkauk vusdnk izkfkfed lkexzhpk tklrhr tklr vk/kkj?;kok ykxrks- izkfkfed lkexzhyk iwjd rfkk lanhkz Eg.kwu f}fr;d lkexzhph enr gksr vlrs-,sfrgkfld i/nrhrwu gh nq ;e Lo#ikph ekfgrh fegrsizkfkfed lkexzhlkbh dks.kr;krjh?kmwu xsysy;k?kvukaph ekfgrh vkredfkk] izys[k] oa kkog] izek.ki=] fp=] vkys[k] f kykys[k br;knh ckchaph xjt vlrs- f}fr;d lkexzhr dks.kh nqlú;k O;Drhus?kMwu xsysy;k?kvukaps foospu dsysys vlrs- ¼3½,sfrgkfld ifj{k.k %,sfrgkfld lk/kuk}kjs miyc/k gks.kkjh ekfgrh gh cjkscj vkgs dh ukgh ;kps la kks/kdkus ifj{k.k dj.ks vko ;d vlrs- la kks/kukpk lk/kkj.k vlkp fu;e vkgs dh] lkexzh izkfkfed vlks dh f}fr;d] R;kps iqugk ijh{k.k dj.ks vko ;d vlrs-,sfrgkfld i/nrh}kjs miyc/k >kysyh ekfgrh gh lr; dh vlr;] vfrjathr vkgs dh R;kr ys[kdkpk Lo Mksdkoyk vkgs-,o<sp ukgh rj T;k?kVuk laca/kh ekfgrh fyfgysyh vlrs rh ekfgrh?kvuk?kmr vlrkauk ok?kvuk?kmwu xsy;kuarj yxsp fyfgyh dh cjkp dkyko/kh fu?kwu xsy;koj fyfgyh] ;kpk la kks/kdkus ekxksok?ksryk ikfgts- ¼4½ lkexzhph O;k[;k %,sfrgkfld lk/kuk}kjs ladfyr dsysy;k ekfgrhph fuf pr O;k[;k dj.ks la kks/kdkp;k n` Vhus vko ;d vlrs- la kks/kd dks.kdks.kr;k rf;kapk vk/kkj?ksåu fu d kkzi;zar iksgpyk vkgs- ;kps fuf pr Li Vhdj.k dj.;klkbh dkgh fuf pr O;k[;kaph xjt vlrs- O;k[;k djrkauk la kks/kdkyk vr;ar rjy cq/nhpk okij djkok ykxrks- dks.kr;kgh izdkjph pwd jkgw u;s ;kph n{krk?;koh ykxrs- vr;ar ygku

16 ckchaph vpwdrk y{kkr?ksåu R;kaps la kks/kukr fdrh egùo vkgs gs Li V djkos ykxrs vpwd ekfgrhlkbh la kks/kdkyk?;koh ykx.kkjh [kcjnkjh % la kks/kdkus iq<hy ckchapk fopkj d#u vko ;d R;k ekfgrhpkp vk/kkj?;kok ykxrks- ¼1½ kkldh; ekfgrh % kkldh; ekfgrh gh vf/kdkf/kd fo oluh; vlrs- kkldh; ikrgho#u dkgh ckchaph ekfgrh ladfyr djrkauk vusd O;Drh ek/;ekapk vkf.k ra=kpk mi;ksx d#u?ksryk tkrks- ;sfks izf kf{kr rlsp vf/kdkjh O;DrhP;k utjsrwu lxg;k?kvuk izlaxkp;k uksanh tkr vly;keqgs R;kaph fo oluh;rk ok<r vlrs- ¼2½ vokzfpu ekfgrh % lkekftd la kks/kuklkbh vokzfpu Eg.kts vxnh dkgh o kz ok dkgp;k vk/kh?kmwu xsysy;k?kvuk izlaxkph eqnr mi;qdr Bjrs- Qkj o kkziwohzp;k ekfgrhyk ;sfks egùo ulrs- kd;rks vfydmp;k dkgkrhy ekfgrh fuomkoh- ¼3½ folrkfjr ekfgrh % lkekftd la kks/kuklkbh izkeq[;kus folrkfjr o lfolrj vlysy;k ekfgrhpk mi;ksx d#u?;kok- laf{kir ekfgrhpk vfkzcks/k gksr uly;keqgs nks k jkgwu tk.;kph kd;rk vlrs- lfolrj ekfgrh vlsy rjp la kks/kdkp;k dyiuk kdrhyk oko fegrks- ¼4½ rikl.khyk;d ekfgrh %

17 T;k ekfgrhph iqugk rikl.kh dj.ks kd; gksbzy v kkp izdkjp;k ekfgrhpk la kks/kdkus mi;ksx d#u?ksryk ikfgts- vfkkzr rh dksbs vkf.k d kh fegsy ;klkbh la kks/kdkps iz;ru tkjh vlk;yk ikfgts ,sfrgkfld i/nrhp;k e;kznk %,sfrgkfld i/nrhe/;s [kkyhy e;kznk vlrkr- R;kaps o.kzu iq<hy izek.ks ns.;kr vkys vkgs- ¼1½ fo oluh; o iqjs kk iqjko;kaph okuok % xrdkyhu?kvukfo k;hph ekfgrh fegforkuk vh;kldkyk dkxni=kojp voyacwu jkgkos ykxrs- ijarq dkxni= vflrrokr vl.ks vxj ul.ks gs dkagh vh;kldkp;k gkrkr ulrs- R;krp th dkxni=s gkrkr ykxrkr R;kaph flfkrh th.kz& kh.kz >kysyh vlrs- ftrdk xrdky vf/kd iyy;kpk frrdh gh vmp.k vf/kd- lqjf{kr laxzg d#u Bso.;kph lo; vxj i/nr T;k ns kkr ulrs rsfks dkxni= fegfo.ks gs rj,d fno;p vlrs- ¼2½ lqjf{kr laxzgkpk vhkko %,sfrgkfld i/nrhpk okij djrkauk dkxni=kaps lgk ;?;kosp ykxrs- dkj.k xrdkykrhy yksdkap;k fopkjkaps o d`frps Kku dsog dkxni=ko#u gksr vlrs- i.k gh dkxni=s lqjf{kr vlko;kl ikfgts- dkgkp;k tcjnlr rmk[;kr dkxni=s u V gksr vlrkr- dlj ykx.ks] dqtwu tk.ks] nirjkr pqjkmk gks.ks] >qjgkaps vkøe.k br;knh vusd ekxkzauh dkxni=s uk kkizr tkr vlrkr- R;krp gh dkxni=s,dkp fbdk.kh vlrkr vls ukgh- R;keqGs dkxni=kapk kks/k?ksåu rh dkxni=s ;ksx; volfksr lkim.ks gs ygku lgku dke uogs- rsogk dkxni= ;ksx;jhr;k tru dsyh tkr ukghr- ¼3½ dkxni=kaph fofo/k fbdk.ks %

18 dkxni= gs,sfrgkfld vh;kl i/nrhpk izk.k vlrks- i.k gh dkxni=s,dk fof k V fbdk.kh fegrhy vls ukgh- loz ns khkj vxj ns kkckgsj gh dkxni=s iljysyh vlrkr- dkgh tquh?kjk.kh] lalfkkfud] jktdh; usrs br;knh vla[; fbdk.kh dkxni=s v{kj k% yksgr imysyh vlrkr- ¼4½ dkxni=s fegfo.;krhy vmp.k % T;kaP;ktoG dkxni=s vlrkr rh vh;kldkp;k gkrh ns.;kr O;Drh r;kj vlrkr vls ukgh- ;kckcrhr dks.krkp ns k viokn ukgh- R;klkBh yksdkauk la kks/kukps ewy; letkowu lkafxrys ikfgts- ;krp R;kph nenkd eksb;k izek.kkr gksrs- iqugk gh dkxni=s cukov vkgsr dh [kjhp vkgsr gs gh riklwu igko;kl gosizr;sd dkxni= okpwu R;krhy ekfgrh xksgk d#u R;klaca/kh ppkz d#up R;kph kgkfu kk dj.ks brdk [kvkvksi vh;kldkyk djkok ykxrks- ¼5½ rf;kap;k imrkg;krhy vmp.kh % dkxni=ko#u?kvukfo k;haph ekfgrh mhkh djko;kph Eg.kts vh;kldkyk ifjje djkos ykxrkr- R;krp vokzfpu dkgkiklwu nwj o xrdkgkp;k mnjkr f k# ykxys dh] r kh rf;s fegfo.ks nqjkiklr Bjrs- i.k th dkxni=s gkrh ykxrkr- R;ko#u teoysyh ekfgrh cjkscj vkgs dh ukgh gs Bjfo.ks vxnh dbh.k dke vlrs- ¼6½ dkxni=krhy O;fDrfu Brk % xrdkyhu?kvukfo k;h dkxni=s ykhkyh rjh R;k dkxni=krhy vk k; kahkj VDds cjkscj vlrksp vls x`fgr /kj.ks gs /kksd;kps vlrs- R;k ys[kkekxp;k used;k izsj.kk dks.kr;k gs letys rj R;kpk vuo;kfkz ;ksx;jhr;k yko.ks kd; gksrs- dkagh osgsyk jktkph vxj jkt; O;oLFksph Lrqrh okjs eki dj.;kr izr;{k olrqflfkrhdms

19 MksGs>kd gksrs- dkagh osgsyk HkO; kcnkaph izsj.kk d#u,[kk k rrokpk izpkj dsyk tkrks- ¼7½ fdr;sd rif kykdms nqyz{k %,sfrgkfld vh;kl i/nrhpk voyac djrkauk vh;kldkph n` Vh la kks/kukp;k mfì Vkaoj f[kgysyh vlrs- R;keqGs vh;kld dkxni=krhy v kkp vk k;koj y{k dsafnzr djrks dh tks R;kP;k mfì Bk kh lqlaxr vlrks- lkgftdp dkxni=krhy vls fdrhrjh ckjdkos vlrkr dh] ts ljg ljg nqyz{khr dsys tkrkr- ¼8½ loz?kvukaph ekfgrh feg.ks eq dhy % xrdkyhu?kvukapk vh;kl djrkauk loz?kvukaps Kku vl.ks vko ;d vlrsi.k ;k?kvukapk vkokdkp brdk eksbk vlrks dh] R;k loz?kvuk ekfgrh d#u?ks.ks tog tog v kd; vlrs- Hkkjrklkj[;k fo kky ns kkp;k dkukdksiú;kr ledkykr?kmysy;k?kvukfo k;h ekfgrh fegfo.ks kd; gksr ukgh ,sfrgkfld i/nrhps ewy;ekiu %,sfrgkfld i/nrhp;k xq.knks kkpk vk<kok iq<hy izek.ks?ks.;kr vkysyk vkgs- 1½ xq.k fdaok Qk;ns %,sfrgkfld i/nrhps ts xq.k vkgsr rs vls- ¼1½ fo ouh;rk %,sfrgkfld i/nrhps la kks/kdkyk th ekfgrh fegrs] frp;kr fo oluh;rk vlrs- dkj.k bfrgkldkjkp;k vfkd ifjjekpk rks ifj.kke vlrks- fofo/k fbdk.kh dsysy;k mr[kuukrwu fegkysy;k iqjkru dkgkrhy olrwapk lanhkz dks.kr;kgh lkekftd ifjflfkrh kh tqgfo.;kpk iz;ru bfrgkldkjkauh dsysyk vlrks- ¼2½ dkxni=s %

20 dkxni=kpk iqjkok gk lkekftd la kks/kukpk vk.k[kh,d vk/kkj vlrks- dkagh dkxni=s xazfkky;kr miyc/k vlrhyp vls ukgh- dkagh O;fDrdMs rh tru d#u Bsoysyh vlrkr- gh dkxni=s,[kk k iksfkhlkj[kh vlrkr- ¼3½ vfhkys[k rfkk jsdkwmz % izr;sd lektkr ekfgrhps izpam HkkaMkj vlrs- gs HkkaMkj vfhkys[kkr fo[kqjysys vlrs- ljdkjh ok fueljdkjh dk;kzy; fdaok iqjkru olrw laxzgky; br;knh fbdk.kh vfhkys[k miyc/k vlrkr- vfhkys[k vh;kl fo k;kp;k lanhkkzlkbh mi;ksxh imr vlrkr- ¼4½ vokarj ekfgrh % vokarj ekfgrh gh foldvysyh vlrs- la kks/kdkyk goh vlysyh dkxni=s tsogk,dkp fbdk.kh miyc/k gksr ukghr rsogk rh lalfkk] O;Drh vkf.k dk;kzy;krwu fegfo.;kpk iz;ru djhr vlrks- ¼5½ ijh{k.kkred ekfgrh % la kks/kdkyk,sfrgkfld lk/kuk}kjs th ekfgrh izkir gksrs fryk ijh{k.kkred Lo#ikph vlrs- bfrgkldkjkauh fofo/k fbdk.kkgwu rh ekfgrh miyc/k dsysyh vlrs] fryk ospkfjd vf/k Bku izkir >kysys vlrs- f kok; brjkauhlq/nk R;k ekfgrhoj lk/kd ck/kd ppkz dsysyh vlrs-?kvuk] izlax] LFkG vkf.k ifjflfkrh ;k lkj[;kapk leuo; lk/kwu fyfgysyk gk iqjkok lkekftd la kks/kuklkbh mi;qdr vlrks- ¼6½ o.kzukred Lo#i %,sfrgkfld ekfgrhps Lo#i o.kzukred vlrs- vusd?kvuk] izlax] O;Drh] lekt] ijaijk] nso&nsork vkf.k lald`rh ;klkj[;k ckchps o.kzu bfrgklkrwu miyc/k

21 gksr vly;keqgs lkekftd la kks/kudr;kzyk goh rh ekfgrh lanhkkzlkbh ok rf;s Eg.kwu vk;rhp fegr vlrs- 2½ nks k k rfkk e;kznk %,sfrgkfld i/nrhps nks k iq<hy izek.ks ns.;kr vkysys vkgsr- ¼1½ vfo oluh; ekfgrh %,sfrgkfld i/nrh gh fdrhgh xq.kkre vlyh rjh rh fo oluh; vkgs dh ukgh ;kph [kk=h nsrk ;sr ukgh- dkj.k bfrgklkrwu miyc/k gks.kkjh ekfgrh fdrir lr; vlrs] ;kph kadkp vlrs- ksovh bfrgklkpk ys[kd lq/nk T;k dkagh?kvuk izlaxkps o.kzu djrks rs R;kus Lor% fujh{k.k d#u fyfgysys ulrs- vusd xks Vh,sdho vlrkr- ¼2½ dkxni=kpk vhkko % vh;klfo k;k kh lacaf/kr ekfgrh feg.;kps fbdk.k,d rj ekfgr ulrs- letk iz;ru d#u rs ekfgr >kysp rj rsfks tkåu goh vlysyh ekfgrh miyc/k gksbzyp ;kph vftckr [kk=h nsrk ;sr ukgh-,sd.ks vkf.k vuqhko ;kr Qjd vlrks- iz;ru d#ugh go;k R;k fbdk.kh lacaf/kr dkxni=s fegrhyp ;kph kk orh ulrs- vusdnk rh fegrlq/nk ukghr- ¼3½ vfhkys[k tur dj.;kph mnklhurk % dks.kr;kgh lektkr R;kP;k xrdkyhu?kvuk izlaxkp;k ekfgrhpk [kftuk vlrkstlk dkg tkrks r kh ekfgrhr Hkj imr vlrs- ijarq ;k ekfgrhph dkxni=s ok vfhkys[kkph tru d#u Bso.;kph izd`rh lektkr rfkk dk;kzy;hu yksdkr ulrs- ¼4½ fo[kqjysyh ekfgrh %

22 ,sfrgkfld i/nrhpk okij dj.;klkbh vusd vh;kld mnklhu vlrkr- dkj.k la kks/kdkyk goh vlysyh ekfgrh,d ok nksu v kk fuf pr fbdk.kh miyc/k gksr ukgh- oklrfod r kh O;oLFkk visf{kr vlrs ukgh vls ukgh- ijarq lektkph mnklhurk] dk;kzy;hu yksdkaph csfqfdjh ;keqgs visf{kr ekfgrh,dkp fbdk.kh fegr ukgh- ¼5½ ijh{k.k e;kznk % la kks/kdkyk Nkihy ekfgrhoj voyacwu jkgkos ykxrs- R;keqGs ts fegrs R;kps ijh{k.k dj.ks kd; ulrs- fujh{k.k ok eqyk[kr ra=kr iqugk ijh{k.k djrk ;srs- ijarq fyf[kr ekfgrhps ijh{k.k dj.ks kd; ulrs- iqlrdkrwu th ekfgrh fegrs rh cjkscj vkgs dh pwd ;kps la kks/kdkyk ijh{k.k djrk ;sr ukgh- ¼6½ dkyko/kh o /ku[kpz %,sfrgkfld i/nrh}kjs goh vlysyh ekfgrh miyc/k d#u?;k;ph vlsy rj R;klkBh [kwi osg [kphz imrks- vusdnk iqugk iqugk HksVwulq/nk ekfgrh fegr ukgh vkf.k fegkyhp rj rh v/kzov vlrs- v kk ifjflfkrhr la kks/kdkpk osg ok;k rj tkrksp( f kok; islkgh vf/kd izek.kkr [kpz gksrks-

23 3-3-16,sfrgkfld i/nrhps egùo % rf;s ladyu dj.;klkbh,sfrgkfld i/nrhpk mi;ksx dsyk tkrks- gh i/nr f}fr;d lkexzhps,d lk/ku vlwu R;kpk iw.kz vk/kkj] fofo/k izdkjph dkxni=s vkf.k la kks/kukred iqlrds vlrkr- bfrgkldkjkauh fegfoysyh ekfgrh gh lkekftd la kks/kukpk oklrooknh vk/kkj vlrs- vusdnk dkxni=krwu dkgh?kvukps fo ys k.k tsogk bfrgkldkjkauh dsys ulsy] rsogk la kks/kukr oklrork fuekz.k dj.;klkbh izr;{kkr dkxni=kpk mi;ksx d#u?;kok ykxrks- Eg.kts,sfrgkfld i/nrhr dkxni=kyk ts egùo izkir >kysys vlrs rs,d iqjkok Eg.kwu la kks/kukp;k fn ksus okvpky djrkauk dkgh?kvukaph rikl.kh la kks/kdkyk djkoh ykxrs- rsogk,sfrgkfld iqjkok Eg.kwu bfrgklkp;k fofo/k lk/kukapk mi;ksx gksr vlrks- fookg] dqvqac] /kez ;klkj[;k lkekftd lalfkkap;k fdaok,[kk k lewg ok xvkp;k vh;klklkbh,sfrgkfld ekfgrh mi;qdr Bjrs- lkekftd thou gs vr;ar xqarkxqarhps vlrs- gh xqarkxqar lksmfo.;klkbh la kks/kdkyk bfrgklkpk vk/kkj?;kok ykxrks-

24 ss 3-4 nlr,sotkapk vuok;kfkz ^^ekt;k tyekph fpùkjdfkk** & kkarkckbz dkacgs fpùkj dfkk gh os;fdrd ri khykp;k lanhkkzr lks- kkarkckbzphp vlyh rjh R;k ekxy;k lxg;k lkekftd lanhkkzr nfyr thoukphp vkgs- brj nfyr ys[kd ysf[kdk izek.ksp R;kaP;k os;fdrd thoukrhy gky] mis{kk] vmp.kh] xjhch o Li` ;&vli` ;rsps HksnHkko vkf.k ekugkuh vkgs i.k R;k izr;sdkpk jax gk osxgk vkgs- R;k izr;sdkph laosnu khyrsph ikrgh osxosxgh vkgs- izr;sdkps Hkko fo o osxgs vkgs- nfyr gk kcn izr;sdkp;k ys[kukp;k ekxs ykxrks- i.k R;kps fujkgsi.k fl/n dj.kkjs vkgs- okrkoj.kkr rksp rksp i.kk vly;kpk vkjksi lektkry;k fof k V Lrjkoj tx.kkú;k izr;sd ys[kdkoj djrk ;srks- i.k T;k okrkoj.kkr rks txrks R;krys ek.klkp;k eukpk Bko?ks.kkjs dqbys y{k.kh; vuqhko R;kus vkiy;k ys[kukrwu fviys vkgsr vkf.k dls O;Dr dsys vkgsr rs igk.ks egùokps- kkarkckbzps vkrepfj= R;kuh thoukr vkysy;k vuqhkok kh beku Bsowu fyfgysys vly;kus rs vuqhko fp= os;fdrd vkf.k lkekftdgh gkså kdrs- euq ; gk izkeq[;kus vorhhkksorhp;k ifjflfkrhrwu?km.kkjk izk.kh vlrks- R;k n` Vhus ^fpùkjdfkk* gh,d nfyr lektkrhy L=hph vkredfkk vkgs vkf.k nfyr vkf.k L=h g;k tkr;kr [kkywu o#u jxmy;k tk.kkú;k L=hph izfrfuf/kd dfkkgh vkgs- ek= izfrfuf/kdrspk lwj Lo;aHkwi.kkus mevyk vkgs- Qkj [kksy tkåu fhkmysy;k t[kekaph gh dgk.kh vkgs- i.k R;k nq%[kkpk xktkoktk >ky;klkj[ks pqdwugh dqbs okvr ukgh- dfkukryk gk la;e foy{k.k ifj.kkedkjd vkgs- ;k vkredfkukr fo ks k tk.ko.kkjh xks V Eg.kts vkredfkukph Hkk kk] rhu&pkj kcnkaph ygku ygku okd;s] R;kauk dqbs vyadkj p<oysys ukghr- ifj.kke lk/kkok Eg.kwu dqbsgh ukv; vk.kysys ukgh- rjh vuqhko vkf.k?kvuke/ky;k vaxhkwr rhoz nq%[kkeqgs okpdkyk vlolfk d#u Vkd.;kph Qkj eksbh rkdn g;k ys[kukr lnso tk.kor jkgrs-

25 ys[kukry;k kcnkap;k dekyhp;k dkvdljhus dsysy;k mi;ksxkeqgs vkreo`ùkkpk lwj dqbsgh p<k >kyk ukgh- vuqhkokp;k osgwrwu lwr fu?kkos r kh okd;s fu?kkyh vkgsr- miek mrizs{kkapk lksl rj ukghp i.k lkú;k iqlrdkr miek Eg.kkoh v kh,dnkp vkyh vkgs vkf.k rhgh n` vkgs- kkarkckbzp;k rksykp;kp vf/kdkj inkoj Hkk-fn- dqyd.khz] ekmxwgdjkap;k fujksi lekjahkkrhy Hkk k.kkpk myys[k djrkauk ^t.kw dk; vki.k xqykckp;k rkvo;krwu tkr vkgs** vls Hkk k.k,sdrkuk okvys vls kkarkckbzuh EgVys vkgs- T;k olrhr kkarkckbzps ckyi.k xsys R;k olrhry;k #< xzkeh.k cksyhr R;kauh lq#okrhps dfku dsys vkgs vkf.k f kf{kdsp;k is kkr izek.k Hkk ksr thoukryk O;ogkj lq# >ky;kuarj dfkkudkph Hkk kkgh cnyyh vkgs- Hkk kkapk gk lka/kk thoukry;k fujkg;k og.kkoj brd;k lgtrsus cnyyk vkgs dh uo;k uo;k thoukry;k?kvuk uos okrkoj.k vkf.k R;kuq#i cnysyh Hkk kk gs lkjs,dtho gksåu vkys vkgs- mxhpp cksyhp;k voklro vfhkekukus R;kauh vkiyh lxgh dfkk ckyi.kkp;k cksyhr lkaxk;pk vkxzg /kjyk ukgh- vk;q ;Hkj ukuk izdkjps d V milwu vieku lgu d#u vkf.k dksvqafcd vkiùkhauk rksam nsåu kkarkckbzauh Lor%ps f k{k.k dsys- mùke f kf{kdk Eg.kwu yksfdd fegoyk- nfyr lektkry;k f k{kd fo ks kr% f k{kdkap;k xq.koùksfo k;h izokn mbo.kkú;kr /ku;rk eku.kkú;k rfkkdffkr lqf kf{kr lektkyk ns[khy kkarkckbzlkj[;k f kf{kdsus vkiy;k xkokr ;kos vkf.k vkiy;k eqykeqyhauk f k{k.k kos vls okv.;kbrdh drzcxkjh R;kauh nk[kfoyh- ^fo sokpwu xrh ukgh* gk egkrek QqY;kapk vktue pkyysyk vkøks k gksrk- fo k fohkwf kr Ogk gs iwt; MkW- vkacsmdjkapa lrr lkax.k gksragh fpùkjdfkk R;k egkiq# kkap;k rij;szyk vkysya QG vkgs vla okvra- kkgk eklrjdh gh,d uksdjh vkgs- g;k iksvkfkhz Hkkousus u okxrk xzkeh.k kkgsr leksj

26 clysy;k eqykeqyhaph iq<yh vk;q ;s fo sus lqltt gksåu lq[kkus tkoks gh fu Bk eukr ckgxwu v/;kiukps dke djrkr- lk/;k kkgkap;k vkn kz kkgk djrkr- g;k fpùkjdfksus ejkbh vkrepfj=ij lkfgr;kyk eksykpa ns.ka fnya vkgs- ejkbh lkekftdrk vkf.k ejkbh lkfgr; ;kap;k n` Vhus,d vr;ar egùokph?kvuk vkgs-

27 3-4-2 fevysyh dokms ¼loZxksM eqdrkckbz½ eqdrkckbzp;k dosr thoukpk dso<k folrkj >kysyk vkgs rs R;kaP;k ys[kukrwu tk.kors- fdr;sd xks Vh v kk vlrkr dh] R;kckcrps eksup [kwi cksyds vlrs-?kvukaps iqufozyksdu dj.ksgh vkuannk;d vlrs- izr;{k?kvuk?kmrs rsogka d/kh vki.k O;kdqG gksrks] d/kh yfttr gksrks] d/kh fody gksrks] d/kh ukmesn gksrks] i.k dkykarjkus R;k?kVuk vuqhkokp;k dksvhr tek gksrkr- R;kosGh R;kgh vkuannk;d gksrkr- fo kerk,dk cktwyk vgaxmkyk tue nsrs rj nqlú;k cktwyk U;wuxaMkyk- ex dks.kh tkrhp;k vk/kkjs izfr Bk igkrks rj dks.kh tkr pksjrks- eqdrkckbz Eg.krkr ekö;koj nfyr laldkj >kysys ukghr ijarq laldkjkyk nfyri.k dqbs vkgs- bfks laiw.kz ek.kwl i.kkykp nfyrro nsåu nfyrsjkuh /ku;rk ekuysyh vkgs- R;kauk nfyr EgVysys vkomr ukgh i.k R;kaP;k vkomhfuomh gk vli` ;rspk dyad c?krp ukgh- MkWckcklkgsc ijns kh tkåu,o<;k mpp ino;k laiknu d#u vkys Eg.kwu bfks Hkkjrkr vky;kuarj R;kaps f k{k.k] R;kaph cq/nheùkk dks.kh cf?kryh ukgh- mppf kf{kr vlwugh R;kauk txrkuk ;k tkr O;oLFksus viekuhrp dsysys vkgs- R;klkBh R;kauk byfqulvv dkwyst e/khy rlsp kkgw egkjktkdmhy uksdjh lksmkoh ykxysyh vkgs- lkekftd cka/khydh Eg.kwu R;kauk lektlsok djk;ph vkgs- eh lektlsfodk vkgs gs R;kaps izkatg er vkgs- lektlsosrhy mf.kok vkf.k xjtk o nfyrkaps n;uh; thou okpdkaiq<s ekam.ks gkp QDr gsrw vkgs- lkekftd n` Vhdksukrwu R;kauk lekt n kzu?kmok;kps vkgs- R;kaP;k os;fdrd vk;q ;kps izn kzu djk;ps ukgh fdaok ekamk;ps ukgh- lekt dk;kzcìy R;kaph Li V Hkwfedk vkgs- R;kauk iq<kjhi.k fego.;klkbh fdaok izn kzuklkbh lektdk;z djk;ps ukgh- olrh xfypn vlyh rjh R;k fbdk.kh tkåu ljdkjh ;kstuk loyrhpk izpkj dj.;kp;k thokikm vks<heqgs R;k lektlsosr xqarr xsy;k-

28 ^^fevysyh dokma** ;k R;kaP;k 18 lkekftd dfkk e/kwu lkekftd ifjflfkrhps fp=.k R;kauh dsysys vkgs- uqdrkp ifjorzukpk dkg vkgs- MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdjkap;k fopkjkapk ixmk nfyr tursp;k eukoj imyk gksrk- lektkr Økarh gksr gksrh- EgkjdhP;k dkekyk egkj yksd fojks/k n kzor gksrs- egkj ektksjh >kys Eg.kwu lo.kz yksd R;kaP;koj] R;kaP;k ck;k ek.klkoj tqywwe] vr;kpkj djr gksrs- eqdrkckbz ;kap;k fevysyh dokms ;k ukokyk eksbk vfkz vkgs- nfyr lektkyk ikoyksikoyh ;k uk R;k #ikua fevkysyh dokmap okv;kyk vkysyh fnlrkr- eqdrkckbzps ifjfpr xksm eko kh Eg.kwu lacks/krkr- g;k xksm eko khapk gk okuogk lektkcìy ckaf/kydh eku.kkú;klkbh vkiqydhpk vkgs- okukog;kps osf k V; vls vlrs dh R;kph po iq dg dkg fthksoj jasxkgr jkgkrs- v kk lkfgr; izdkjkph dksvhp osxgh vlrs- vls lkfgr; ftrds vf/kdkf/kd yksdkai;zr ikspsy frrdh Hkk ksph izcks/ku kdrh ok<rs- gs R;kauh thoukrwu mpysys vkgs- R;keqGs R;kph vfkzoùkk vkf.k vfhklj.k kdrh vf/kd vl.kkj- R;kaP;k vuqhko dfkukrhy izkatgi.kk eukyk Li kz d#u fopkjkauk pkyuk ns.kkjk vkgs- pkdksjhyk pvkoysy;k eamghauk R;kr vkogkukred /ouh,sdw ;sbzyeqdrkckbzph vkom T;kauk ekghr vkgs R;k eamghauk g;k iqlrdkp;k okpukus iqu%izr;;kpk vkuan fegky;kokpwu jkg.kkj ukgh- v kk izdkjps vf/kdkf/kd lkfgr; izdk kkr ;sbzy r kkr kk ejkbh Hkk ksp;k vuqhkwrhp;k d{kk folrkjr tkrhy-

29 rhu nxmkph pwd & foey eksjs foey eksjs ;k ^^rhu nxmkph pwy** ;k vkredfkukp;k ysf[kdspk tue vkku] va/kj/nsp;k xrszr vmdysy;k #<h ijaijkauh xqjqvysy;k HkVD;k foeqdr tkrhrhy xksa/kgh lektkr >kyk- ckyi.k vu;k;] vr;kpkj] vkxfrdrk] vogsyuk lgu djhr xsysys- fl=;kap;k okv;kyk ;s.kkjs ujd izk ; thou R;kaP;kgh okv;kyk vkysys vkgsnknklkgsc eksjsp;k lgthoukeqgs R;kaP;krhy yktfhk=si.kk tkåu R;kauk Lora= fopkj djrk vkyk- gh eksbh lkekftd mrøkarhp Eg.kk;yk goh- T;k lektkr L=hyk ik;krhy ogk.k Eg.kwu okijyh tkrs R;k nfyr] HkVD;k] foeqdr tkrhrhy,dk L=hyk nknklkgsc eksjs lkj[kh lekt dk;z dj.kkjh O;Drh cjkscjhpk ntkz nsåu pkj pks?kke/;s vkiy;k iruhph vksg[k d#u R;kaP;kcjkscj laokn lk/kk;yk o lekt dk;z djk;yk ijokuxh ns.ks Eg.kts iq# k ekufldrsr >kysy;k cnykph tk.kho gh] lkekftd lq/kkj.kspk o L=hoknh Hkwfedspk ik;kp Eg.kkok ykxsy-,o<sp uogs rj foey eksjsaps lklqlkljs gh R;kauk eqyhizek.ks ekuwu R;kauk eksdghd nsrkr- brj iq# kkacjkscj fegwu felgwu jkgrkuk ns[khy lqusoj R;kauh dksvqafcd ca/kus yknysyh fnlr ukghr- R;klkBh R;kaP;k tkr cka/kokaps R;kauk cksywu?;kos ykxr gksrs i.k R;kauh R;kph iokz dsyh ukgh- MkW- ckcklkgsckap;k fopkjkapk ixmk nknklkgsc eksjasp;k ekufldrsoj >kysyk vkgs- fl=;kap;kdms R;kapk c?k.;kpk n` Vhdksu cnysyk vly;kus foey eksjsauk Lokra«; R;kauh fnysys vkgs- R;kauk lkekftd o O;Drhxr thou Lora=i.ks txrk vky;keqgs R;kaP;k kh yxu >ky;keqgs vkiys thoup cnywu xsys gh izkekf.kd dcwyh foey eksjs nsr vkgsr- ;k lektkrhy brj?kjkrwu ts nkfjnz; gksrs rsp nkfjnz; foey eksjs ;kap;k ekgsjh o lkljhgh gksrs- ijarq R;k nkfjnz;kpk] vmp.khapk vhkkokpk dqbsgh R;kauh vkøks k dsysyk ukgh- Eg.kkoh r kh lqcùkk ulyh rjh irhus VkdysY;k os;fdrd vkf.k lkekftd fo oklkusp R;k Hkkjkowu tkrkr o thoup cnywu xsy;kph dcqyh nsrkr- [kja ikfgy rj dks.kr;kgh Lrjkrhy] lektkrhy] tkrhrhy L=hps thou gs

30 yxukuarj cnywup tkrs i.k g;k cnykph tk.kho foey eksjs ;kauk lek/kku o vkuan ns.kkjh vkgsvki.k d/kh dkgh iqlrd fygw gs Hkfo ;krhy oklro eksjasp;k lkfgr; {ks=k kh vkf.k lkekftd pgogh kh vlysy;k laca/kkeqgs lr; Bjys- nknklkgsc eksjasp;k eqgs ejkbh lkfgr;krhy ukeoar lkfgfr;dkaiklwu uoksfnr ys[kdkai;zaar vkf.k pgoghrhy eku;oj fopkjoarkaiklwu lkeku; dk;zdr;kzi;zar lokz khp R;kapk ifjp; >ky;keqgs vkiksvkip R;kaP;k lkfgr; {ks=k kh gh R;kpk ifjp; >kyk o R;kauh ^^rhu nxmkph pwy** gs vkredfku fyfgys- HkVD;k&foeqDrkaP;k pgoghcjkscjp nfyr] kksf kr] misf{kr lektkp;k pgoghe/;s okojr vlrkauk vusd dk;zdr;kz kh] fopkjoarka kh laca/k vkyk- R;keqGs vusd dk;zdr;kzap;k dk;kzrwu] fopkjkrwu R;kauk f kdrk vkys- R;k R;krwu?kMr xsy;k- HkVD;k foeqdr tkrhph nq%[ks o vmp.kh R;kauh vkiy;k dfkukrwu lk/;k ljg kcnkauh js?k vks<wu nk[kokoh r kh ikykaph volfkk o dpp;k?kjkaph volfkk?kjkrhy vbjk fo o nkfjnz; R;kauh o.kzu dsysy;k HkkaM;k dqam;ko#u o okdyk fpa ko#u dgwu ;srs- d kk gky vis Vkr gk lekt txr vlrks R;krwugh iksvkph Hkzkar vlrkukgh vkiy;k tkr cka/kokap;k f k{k.kklkbh ljdkjh loyrhlkbh vkiy;kcjkscj nknklkgsc eksjs iruhyk dk;zizo`ùk djrkr- [kú;k vfkkzus lg/kezpkfj.kh cuorkr- f k{k.kkph fo ks k vkom ulrkuk vkbz ofmykaph f kdo.;kph bpnk ulrkauk HkkÅ vkf.k ofg.kh R;kaP;k f k{k.kklkbh /;kl?ksrkr- gk lekt usgeh vkiyh ikys mpywu LFkykarj djr vlrks- v kk ifjflfkrh flfkjrk uly;kus kkgk vusd osgk cqmowu R;k kkgk f kdrkr- HkkokeqGs R;kauk f k{k.k fegkys ;kph tk.kho vly;kus ^nknkeqga ekö;k thoukyk osxgh fn kk ykxyh gksrh* lkljh irh o ekgsjh HkkÅ ;k nksu iq# kkeqgs R;kaps thou cnywu xsy;kph R;k dcwyh nsrkr ej.k dgk & tukckbz dp# fxúgs

31 v{kjkaph] f k{k.kkph laxr lksmwu jkuksekg HkVd.kkÚ;k] ikbhoj iky cka/kwu xkoksxko HkVd.kkÚ;k xksikg lektkr tue?ks.kkú;k tukckbz dp# fxúgs ;kaph gh thou dgk.kh vkgs- lks- tukckbz fxúgs g;k HkVD;k foeqdr fl=;kap;k fonkjd thou pfj=kp;k vkredfksp;k ifgy;k xzafkdr;kz Eg.kwu okm~-e;kp;k bfrgkldkjkaph bpnk vlks ok ulks uksan?;kohp ykxsy- ej.kdgk gs vkredfku dsog izfl/nh fegkoh Eg.kwu] ekulueku fegkok Eg.kwu fyfgys ulwu,dk HkVD;k L=hP;k eukrhy gqands R;k gqand;kaph vklokaph xkfkk Eg.kts ^^ej.kdgk** ygkui.kkiklwu xksikg L=hP;k okv;kyk vkysys nq%[k togwu R;kauh ikfgya gksr- rh tgtg eukr HkMdwu mbr gksrh- vusd ladvkoj ekr d#u f k{k.k?ksrysf kf{kdk >ky;k- eqykauk ikb nsrk nsrk rkb tx.ka R;kaP;k okv;kyk ;sbzy vlas okvr gksra- i.k okvsoj dkvsjh dqai.ka gksrh- fpjkv;k&cksjkv;k gksr;k] R;kauh R;kap eu HkGHkGwu xsya- R;kaP;k udgr] R;k tl tesy rla fygw ykxy;k- R;kaP;k irhus R;kauk ikfback fnyk- lalkjkp;k O;kikrwu tlk osg fegsy rls R;k fygw ykxy;k- R;kaP;k ikbh kh vlysy;k ej.kdgk R;kauh kcnkar cka/ky;k- g;k ej.kdgkap;k osnuk O;Fkk ftfks O;Dr gksrkr] frfks nxmkp;k dkgtkykgh vkiksvki ik>j QqVrks- lektkpk díj fojks/k ird#u,[kknh eqyxh f k{k.k?ksrs rsogka frp;k euks/ks;kzph deky okvrs- ej.kdgkrwu uotuekpk vadqj QqVrks- ;k vkredfkukrwu xksikg lektkp;k L=h eukps frp;k HkkoHkkoukps] lq[knq%[kkps dyyksg ysf[kdsus fpf=r dsys vkgsr- kcnkauh {k.khkj eksu /kjkos o uez Ogkos v kh gh lkfgr;d`rh vkgs- Xkko frfka ikya vkf.k ik.kh frfka ikya- [kkyh tehu oj vkdk k gkrkojp vk.kk] gkrkojp [kk] v kh tx.;kph jhra vkf.k rúgk- ákr rúgsrúgsps rk.kr.kko

32 lw;kzyk xzg.k ykxr rks dkgk imwu tkok vkf.k lxghdms dkgkfeí va/kkj Ogkok vlas ;k lektkp dkgks[kh tx.ks- dkg;k dksbmhr #<h] pkyhjhrh] va/kj/nsp;k csm;k gkrkik;kyk <ksdwu tx.kkjk xksikg lekt- v kk lektkr eqyxh Eg.kwu tue?ks.ks Eg.kts ej.k dgkp- v[kam ojnkup- v kk ;k ej.kdgkar gksjig.kkú;k xksikg fl=;kap;k vklokaph dnj dks.krk lekt dj.kkj! dnj dj.;klkbh] dnjnkr;kph xjt vlrs- ej.k dgk tk.kwu?ks.;klkbh dkght ik>j.kkja ek.kwl gok- dbksj nxmh dkgtkykgh ik>j QqVkok vla xksikg lektkrhy fl=;kap tx.ka vkf.k ej.k vkgs- vkiyh dgk.kh dks.kkyk rjh lkaxkoh vla R;kauk okvr gksrs- vkiyh dgk.kh jmxk.ka gkså u;s] jmxk.;kph jmdfkk gkså u;s vls R;kauk usgehp okvr gksrs- eukr dksamysys ej.k dgkaps cka/k QqVY;kf kok; vkiya eueksdga gks.kkj ukgh gh tk.kho tukckbzauk lrr gksr gksrh- eqdkekj [kkyysy;k xjhc xkbzlkj[ks B.kd.kkÚ;k osnuk tiwu] lkslwu tx.ka R;kauk vlg; gksr gksrs- eu?kk;kg ik[kjklkj[ka rmqmr gksrs- T;kosGh ekuoh eukph v kh volfkk gksrs rsogka vlly lkfgr; d`rhph fufezrh gksrs- L=h gh ik;kph nklh vlkoh frus pwy vkf.k ewy vkiyh e;kznk letwu okxkos] txkos- rh HkksxoLrq vkgs gh iq# kiz/kku lektkph fopkjlj.kh fl=;kauk xqykekis{kk fud` V thou tx.;kl Hkkx ikmr gksrh- Qqys] vkacsmdjklkj[;k L=h lekt lq/kkjdkeqgs L=h f k{k.kkyk pkyuk fegkyh- f k{k.k?ks.ks gs iki] ofgokvhfo#/n lektfojks/kh /kez Hkz V dj.kkjs] uoú;kyk ekj.kkjs] f kangdh dj.kkjs gh Hkkouk lektkr #toyh gksrh- v kk tfvy ifjflfkrhr lektkpk díj fojks/k ird#u,[kknh eqyxh f kdrs rsogka frp;k euks/ks;kzph deky okvrs- R;kaP;k /kkmlkik;h R;kauk Lor%yk] ukrsokbzdkauk irhyk] tuenkr;kauk fdrh ladvkauk o viekukauk lkeksjs tkos ykxys- R;kph la?k kz xkfkk Eg.kts ^^ej.k dgk**

33 thoar vlwu T;kauk esy;kxr txkos ykxrs] inksinh ej.k irdjkos ykxrs] ftrsi.khp ej.k irdjkos ykxrs v kk osgh thou vkf.k ej.kkp;k lhekjs kk iqlv gksr vlrkr- vieku] NG] nq%[kkl] erljkp;k orqzgkr ts txrkr rs dls txrkr] nq%[kkp;k vuar [kiy;k tirkuk rs vkiys laiw.kz thoup cnywu Vkdrkr gh v kd; dksvhrhy thou/kkj.kk ^ej.k dgk* ;k vkredfkukrwu tukckbz iksvfrmdhus kcnc/n djrkr- ej.kkluu tx.;kps vusd inj ;sfks kcndgkauh fo.krkuk ysf[kdsus ;k vkredfkukr vr;ar la;ekus izr;sd izlaxkph]?kvusph] dfyir&vdfyirkph xqaq.k dsysyh vkgs- izlo dgkf kok; uothoukph dyiuk v kd; dksvhrhy Bjrs- L=hiq# k tuekphp uogs rj,dw.kp l` Vhrhy uotuekph mxo.k gh vuar dgkarwu gksrs- L=htUe Eg.kts vodgkapa izrhd ts ekurkr] rs dykghu fopkjkaps ikbzd vlrkrej.kdgkrwu uotuekpk vdqaj QqVrks- xksikg lektkp;k L=h eukps frp;k HkkoHkkoukaps] lq[knq%[kkps ts dyyksg ej.k dgke/;s ysf[kdsus fpf=r dsys vkgsr rs dkgtkyk gkr?kkry;klkj[ks vkgsr- dkght figovwu Vkd.kkjh gh ^ej.kdgk*ph xkfkk vkgs- HkVD;k L=h thoukrhy O;Fkk lkaxrkuk {k.kks{k.kh xghojysyh] vklokauh] Ugkysyh vkgs-,dkekxwu,d ladv dkslgyh rj igkmklkj[kk iq# kgh gkn#u tkrksv kk osgh,d L=h Lor% kh] lektk kh] fu;rh kh d kh >qat nsrs ;k >qathps] la?k kkzps ^vkredfku* izrhd vkgs- Eg.kwu gs Qkjp osxgs vkgs-

34 3-4-5 ek>h eh & ; kks/kjk xk;dokm nfyr lektkrhy ; kks/kjk xk;dokm ;kauh Lor%ps thou Lor%?kMoys] mpp f k{k.k?ksrys f k{kd Eg.kwu vusd fo kf;kazuk R;kaP;k thoukr enr dsyh- R;kauh Lor%P;k eqykauk mpp f k{k.kkcjkscj mpp laldkjhr cuoys- ; kks/kjkckbzp;k tuekpk vkf.k ckyi.khpk dkg gk lkekftd pgoghp;k myfkk ikyfkhpk dkg gksrk- nfyr lektkyk MkW- ckcklkgsc ukokus brds Hkkjys gksrs dh] R;kaP;k,dk kcnklkbh rs okvsy rs fno; djk;yk r;kj gksrs- R;kaP;k rksamwu fu?kkysyk izr;sd kcn nfyrklkbh izek.k gksrk- dkg;k nxmkojhy js k gksrh- rks dkg R;kauh R;ke/;s cqmwu txysy;k vkgsr- R;keqGs R;kaP;k fopkjkaph f knksjh R;kauh vkiy;k dqvqafc;klkscr okvysyh vkgs vkf.k vkrk lsokfuo`ùkhuarj rgkxkgkrhy xjhcklkbh frpk okij djr vkgs- ckcklkgsckaps czhn okd; ^^f kdk] la?kvhr Ogk vkf.k la?k kz djk** R;kizek.ks R;k f kdy;k- lkekftd dk;kzrwu la?kvu cka/kys- yksdkauk enr dsyh- vmp.khyk mi;ksxh imy;k vkf.k ksovh vki.kkyk la?k kz djk;yk ikfgts gh R;kauk tk.khogh >kyh- gk la?k kz R;kaP;k O;Drhxr thoukr rj R;kauh [kwip dsyk Eg.kwup R;k ^^ek>h eh** Eg.kwu lektkr Lor%yk mh;k djrkr- okpdkap;k leksj ekamrkr-,dvh tx.kkú;k ckbzyk vkn kz nsrkr- vmp.khauk =klwu nwj ig.kkú;k efgykauk Lor%P;k?kjiziapkr cka/kwu Bsorkr- g;k,d izdkjs lekt dk;zp djhr vkgsr- ygku o;kr lkroh uarj yxu,dk lkekftd cka/khydh vl.kkú;k lektlsodkcjkscj gksrs- izfke f k{kdh is kk djrkauk R;kaP;ke/;s erhksn o iq# k ekufldrsizek.ks L=hyk deh ys[kwu ekj >ksm R;kauh dsysyh vkgs- nqlú;k ckbzp;k uknh ykxwu lalkjkdms nqyz{k dsysys vkgs- R;kauh vkiyk eqyk ckgkapk iziap ikp eqyki;zar ok<oyk i.k R;k eqykaph tckcnkjh ek=,dv;k ; kks/kjkckbzoj Vkdyh- eqykap;k

35 f k{k.kkph] vktkji.kkph] R;kaP;k vh;klkph] [kk.ks fi.ks] dimk yùkk] jkg.;kph lks; d kkph d kkph Eg.kwu fqdhj dsysyh ukgh- gs vkredfku okpwu vk<gwu ;srs- R;kapk fiam lekt dk;z dj.kkjkp vkgs vls fnlrs- MkW- ckcklkgsckaps fopkj yksdkai;zar ikspfo.ks] cks/n /keekpk izlkj dj.ks] vusd fuom.kqdkauk mhks jkg.ks] vkanksyus d#u tsye/;s tk.ks ;krp R;kauh Lor%yk >ksdysys vkgs-?kjkr isls u nsrk jkst ;såu tso.ks ;k R;kaP;k os;fdrd lalkfjd dfkso#u tk.kors- i.k dks.krsgh dqvqac fu;kstu] dqvqac ikyuiks k.k] dqvqackph tckcnkjh u?ksrk QDr dqvqac ok<o.ks,o<sp dke R;kauh dsysys fnlrs- ikp eqykap;k ckgari.kkr R;kaph >kysyh vkckg,d izkfkfed f kf{kdsph uksdjh R;kr dk; rks ixkj! R;k ixkjkoj,o<k iziap lkahkkg.ks] eqykaph vktji.ka f k{k.k] Lor%ps f k{k.k] uksdjh gs loz okprkuk R;kauk lk Vkax ueldkj djkoklk okvrks- R;kaph ikpgh eqys] rhu eqyxs] nksu eqyh lozp;k loz vfr k; gq kkj i.k R;k gq kkjhyk vkiy;k vk;q ;rhy,d,d fnol vkbzyk kok ykxrks fryk iksvkrgh uå efgus lkahkkgkos ykxrs vkf.k vusd dgk lgu d#u iksvkrwu ckgsj vky;koj frykp lkahkkgkos ykxrs- i.k ;k lokzaph tk.k R;kaP;k eqykauk vkgs- R;kaP;k d Vkps lkfkzd ikpgh eqykauh dsysys vkgs- MkW-] Mhok;,lih] dysdvj] izksqslj] odhy v kk ino;k eqykauh?ksrysy;k vkgsr- ;kis{kk R;kaP;k vkbz gks.;kyk vk.k[kh dk; gos gksrs! i.k eqykap;k izxrhcjkscj lkrohuarj >kysys yxu] yxukuarjpk vlk,dsjh izokl vls vlrk,e-,e- i;zar fmxzh?ksåu eq[;k/;kfidk Eg.kwu lsok fuo`ùkh lek/kkukus?ks.ks R;kauk teys vkgs- dks.krkgh thoukrhy vusd cú;k okbzv izlaxkrhy fu.kz; R;kauh,dV;kauh?ksrysys vkgsr- R;kaph ckgari.k] vktkj] eqykaps vktkj] ksovh larrh fu;eukps vkwijs ku ;kojhy fu.kz;kyk dq.kkphgh enr ukgh- vkwijs kuyk ikyd Eg.kwu Lor%yk

36 Lor%php lgh R;k djrkr- vusd?kko lkslwu] vusd vmp.khauk rksam nsåu R;kauh Lor%psp ikydro flodkjysys vkgs- eqykap;k ekrk firk g;k Hkkofud xjtk R;kauh iqjoylk vkgsr vkf.k R;kaP;k eqykauhgh d kkpk gkí dsysyk ;k vkredfkukr fnlwu ;sr ukgh- ygku cfg.k HkkoaMkph HkkaM.ks fnlr ukghr myv eksbk eqyxk ygku HkkoaMkauk lkahkkgrks] Lo;aikd djrks] cfg.khp;k dslko#u Q.kh fqjorks gs izlax R;kauh lkaxwu cfg.k HkkoaMkrhy izse] ftogkgk nk[koyk vkgs- R;kaP;k vkbzuh R;k iksvkr gksr;k rsogkap xnhzr?kqlwu xkm;k,o<s iksv vlrkaukgh MkW- ckcklkgsckaps n kzu?ksrysys gksrs- R;keqGs xhkkzrp MkW- ckcklkgsckap;k fopkjkaps laldkj R;kaP;koj >kysys gksrs- Eg.kwup R;kauh [kwi gkyvis Vk lkslwu m?km;koj lalkj ekamwu vksy;k xgd;k?kjkr R;kyk?kjgh Eg.krk ;s.kkj ukgh dkj.k R;kyk oj NIijgh uogrs- ika?kjk;p;k okdgk ojrh?kkywu lkoyh dsysyh- ikolklkbh iwlvhdpk dkxn?kkrysyk rks okjk vkyk dh mmwu ikål vkr ;sr gksrk- vksy;k vaxkus vksys vafk#.k v kkrp ikp ikp eqykauk MkGHkkr [kkå?kkrys- R;kauk ok<oys] R;kaP;k fpdkvhyk vkf.k iz;rukauk lyke Bksdk;yk gok- L=h tjh f kdysyh pkj isls deko.kkjh vlyh rjh frps Hkksx laiysys ukghr gsp ;ko#u fnlwu ;ssrs- R;kaph Lor%ph eqys [kwi f kdyhr- eksbh >kyhr- rjh R;kauk okvrs eh,dvhp vkgs- R;kapk fiam [kú;k f k{kdkpk Eg.kwu lsokfuo`ùkhuarjgh R;k eqyhauk f kdok;yk] yodj yxu d# udk Eg.kwu lkaxk;yk lektkr izcks/ku djk;yk tkrkr- R;kaps lsokfuo`ùkhuarj kkgk dk<.;kps LoIu vtwu iw.kz >kysys ukgh- R;kaps vkredfku Eg.kts L=hP;k O;Fkk osnuk O;Dr dj.kkjs,d lexz vkredfku vkgs var%lqksv & izk- dqeqn ikoms

37 izk- dqeqn ikoms ;kapk var%lqksv gk ys[kukpk ifgyk laxzg- nfyr thou] nfyr L=h] ;klaca/kh?ksrysys vuqhko fofo/k ys[kkr R;kauh O;Dr dsys vkgsr- ijarq nfyr thou o nfyr L=hdMs ikg.;kps ts vusd n` Vhdksu o Hkwfedk vkgsr R;kapk ijke kz?ks.;kpk R;kauh iz;ru dsyk vkgs- iq dgnk vr;ar ij[kmi.ks R;kauh fopkj ekamysys vkgsr- dkagh fopkj xqgxqghri.ks ekamwu pkyr ukghr- dkj.k R;krhy /kx rls fyfg.;kl izo`ùkp djhr ukgh- dqvqac lalfkk t kh vflrrokr vkyh frfkaiklwu vkti;zar- irh gk ijesüoj vkgs gs lektkrhy /kkfezd laldkjkus L=h eukoj idds #toys- fryk x`gy{eh] v/kkzaxhuh Eg.kwu lacks/kys i.k R;kizek.ks frph xr vkgs dk\ y{ehph iwtk cka/kyh tkrs rh T;k fbdk.kh vlrs rs fbdk.k ifo= eafnj ekuys tkrs- i.k x`gy{ehp;k ckcrhr rls gksrs dk\ ukgh- gyyh lozp eqyh NksV;k eksb;k uksdú;k] O;olk; d#u vfkkztzu djr vlrkr- nsogkrhy nxmkph fdaok QksVksÝsee/khy ewrhzyk fnokcùkh] /kwi] vkxjcùkh] QGQwy vlrs- x`gy{ehgh efgu;kp;k dkbh?kj&ckgsj nksjhojph dljr d#u vkiy;k lalkjkyk vfkzlkg; djrs- ex fgps dk;\ rj frus?kjh vkys dh fnokcùkh] pgkik.kh] tso.k [kk.ka gsp djk;ps- Hkjhr Hkj uoú;kps Vkse.ks,sdk;ps- vkgs dka x`gy{ehpk ntkz\ v/kkzaxhuh Eg.kwu dkekph vkgs dka fohkkx.kh- ldkgh mby;kiklwu eqya] irh lokzp;k mbkbsoh] [kk.ka fi.ka d#u vkiy;k m ksxkyk /kko.ks] vky;kuarj rhp volfkk ex dlyh v/kkzaxhuh Eg.kwu izk- dqeqnrkbz Eg.krkr irh ek>k lgpj vkgs rks ek>k Lokeh ulwu rks lqlg; lkscr dj.kkjk fe= vkgs gh ek>h dyiuk Li V vlrs- [kjk fe= dks.k\ ^^tks Lor%is{kkgh vkiy;k fe=kp;k dq kykdq kykpk] fgrvfgrkpk fopkj vf/kd djrks- g;k fopkjkus izsfjr gksåu tsogk R;k lgpjkdms ikgrkr rsogk R;kaP;k vla y{kkr ;sra dh] R;kaP;k irhp;k HkY;klkBh R;kauk R;kaP;k mijkurgh txk;pa vkgs-