fouksn xk;dokm ;kap;k dknac&;krhy lel;k

Transkript

1 Impact Factor 5.20 ISSN fouksn xk;dokm ;kap;k dknac&;krhy lel;k MkW- ukxukfk y{e.k vkoys ejkbh fohkkx xqycxkz fo kihb] dycqxhz & fouksn xk;dokm ;kauh fofo/k izdkjp;k lel;kapk mgkiksg vkiy;k dknac&;krwu dsysyk vkgs- dks.krkgh ys[kd ys[ku djhr vlrkuk] rrdkyhu lektkyk lkeksjs Bsor vlrks- lektkiklwu osxgs jkgwu ys[kdkyk ys[ku djrk ;sr ukgh- dkj.k lkfgr; gh dkgkth vir; vlrs- R;k dkgkth izfrfcac R;kaP;k lkfgr;d`rhrwu vkfo d`r gks.ks lkgftdp vkgs- R;k dkgkrhy lkekftd] lald`frd ]/kkfezd] vkffkzd vkf.k jktdh; lanhkz ;s.ks vko ;d vkgs- R;kyk viokn ys[kd ukgh- xk;dokm ;kauh gk vkiy;k dknac&;krhy lkekftd ] vkffkzd] vkku] va/kj/nkred L=h;kaP;k lel;k] L=hps Hk;kog iz u] egkfo ky;hu fo okps iz u] xrdkyhu O;DrhaP;k thoukpk os/k] vk/;krekrhy Hkksanwfxjh] lkekftd <ksax ysfxadrs kh laca/khr lel;k] lozp {ks=kkrhy v/k%iru] tkrhfu B fopkj vkf.k R;krwu mn~hko.kkjs lkekftd iz u br;knhlel;kaph fpfdrlk vkf.k mdy dj.;kpk iz;ru xk;dokm ;kauh xkafhk;kzus dsysyk vkgs- vkffkzd lel;k % fouksn xk;dokm ;kap;k dfksr lkdkj >kysyk lekt gk e/;eoxhz; lekt vkgse/;eoxhz; lektkry;k osxosxg;k lel;k ekamrkuk R;kauh vkffkzd?kvdkykgh izk/kku; fnys vkgs- dks.kr;kgh lektkpk iw.kz fodkl gks.;klkbh vkffkzd?kvd gk egrokpk Bjrks- R;k?kVdkph iqrzrk >ky;kl] lekt fodklkp;k fn ksus okvpky d# kdrks- 108

2 EduIndex Impact Factor 5.20 ISSN xk;dokm ;kap;k dknacjhr ;s.kkjh L=h iq# k ik=s vkffkzd la?k kkzyk rksam nsrkuk fnlwu ;srkr- R;kauk vkiy;k nsuafnu xjtkaph iwrzrk dj.;klkbh djkok ykx.kkjk la?k kz] rlsp dkckmd V d#ugh kks kd oxz R;kaph d kh figo.kwd djrks ;kps oklron khz fp=.k ;srs- ^bpnk/kkjh^ dknacjhrwu csdkjhph lel;k gkrkgyh vkgs- vaxkr dke dj.;kps dks ky; vkgs] i.k dke fegr ukgh- i.k dke fegr ukgh Eg.kwu R;kaP;k ftoukr vusd lel;k d kk fuekz.k >ky;k vkgsr] ;kps fp=.k iq<hy izek.ks vkgs- okeujkokap;k dqvqackoj vkffkzd lel;seqgs nkfjnz; fuekz.k >kys gksrs] R;kosGh okeujko v?kksjh ekxz irdk#u dkgh fnolklkbh lalkj R;kx djrkr- rj nqljhdms okeujkokapk eqyxk gsear gk f k{k.k?ksåugh dke u fegky;keqgs csdkj vkolfksr vlrks- ksovh R;kyk tsru eko kh ;k Hkkthikyk fod.kk&;k ckbzdms dke fegrs- R;krwu R;kyk islk fegr vlrks] i.k rh ckbz R;kyk uknh ykors- dks.kr;k vaxkus dk gksbzuk R;kaph figo.kwd djrkuk fnlwu ;srs- vkffkzd lel;k gh tkr&iafk ;k iyhdms vlrs- vusd cqf/neku ek.kls vkffkzd nkfjnz;keqgs ykpkj >kysyh vlrkr- iq dgnk R;kauk tx.;klkbh rror;kx djkok ykxwu udks R;k rmtksmh djko;k ykxrkr- gs ^bpnk/kkjh^ e/;s O;Dr >kys;- rj R;kaP;k dkgh dknacjh e/;s L=h&iq# k O;Drjs[kk xzkeh.k o kgjh Hkkxkrhy vlwu R;k R;k Hkkxkrhy R;k R;k O;Drjs[kk thou txr vlrkuk] vkffkzd lel;kauk >qat.kk&;k v kkp vkgsr- R;kaP;k ygku lgku bpnkaph iqrzrk d#u?ks.;klkbh R;kaP;kdMs iqjslk islk ukgh] v kk e/;eoxhz; lektkps fp=.k xk;dokm ;kap;k dknac&;krwu vkysy;k vkgsr- R;kaP;k ^vhks ^ ;k dknacjhrhy dykp;k dkgh ygku kk bpnk] vkdka{kk vlrkr-?kjkrhy thou lq[ke; vkuankr lalkj FkkVkok vlk okvrks- i.k fryk irhp;k =klkeqgs?kjp lksmkos ykxrs- ekgsjh ;såu vkbzps vktkji.k cjk dj.;klkbh rh brjkap;k ksrkr tkåu dke djrs- i.k rso<;k is kkus dks.krsgh dke Volume VI Issues VI 109

3 iq.kz kd; ulrs-] Eg.kwu rh pksjh djk;yk ykxrs- pksjh djr vlrkuk,ds fno kh txaykr fgjms ospk;yk xsy;kuarj fryk taxy j{kd lkoar xkmz idmwu lkgsckdms?ksåu tkrks- R;keqGs dykyk fhkrh okvr vlrs] taxykpk eq[;vf/kdkjh j.kftr gk frp;k kh fopkj iwl djrks- fryk f k{kk ns.;k,soth fryk frfksp dke nsrks- ;k lanhkkzr dyk Eg.krs] ^^lkgsc eh pksjhlkbh vkb fnol ;srs- vkbzyk vks k/k vk.kkoa ykxra] jkcwu vk.kysyh etqjh iqjh gksr ukgh- R;keqGs gs djkoa ykxra-^^1 j.kftr gk dykyk frfks dke nsåu ] R;kP;k ekscny;kr frp;k kh laca/k Bsorks- v kk vkffkzd lel;keqgs L=hyk udks rh dkes djkoh ykxrkr] gs fun kzukl ;srsrj ^O;k?kzu[k^ dknacjhrhy vatuyk R;kapk ofmyhkkå lqizfl/n ys[kd fujatu fude gk,dnk jkxkorks- R;kyk ngk gtkjk,soth ohl gtkj #i;s?ks] ngk gtkj #i;s ckdh ns vkf.k ngk gtkjkr dkghrjh /kank dj Eg.krks- fdaok vatuyk izr;sd {ks=krhy dysps vdyu vlrs- i.k R;kyk vaxeksmwu dke djk;ph lo; uly;keqgs islk deh imrks] vkffkzd lel;k mn~hkors- Eg.kwu vatu gk vkiy;k omhy Hkkokyk Qksuo#u /kedh nsåu QqdVkr dknacjh fygwu k;yk lkaxrkr] ukgh rj ys[ku can djk v kh /kedh nsrkr-,dnk rj rks omhy Hkkokps vigj.k djrks- vkffkzd lel;k fuekz.k >ky;kus vatu gk d kk izdkjs vkiy;kp Hkkokps ftou /kksd;kr vk.krks] gs xk;dokm ;kauh osxosxg;k ifjflfkrh]?kvuk] izlax] L=h&iq# k br;knh?kvdkp;k vaxkus ys[kdkauh vkiy;k dknacjhrwu vkffkzd lel;k ekam.;kpk iz;ru djrkr- i.k bfks lqlald`r?kjk.;kryk LoHkkokus eqgkrp n` V vl.kkjk r#j.k xqugsxkjhdms ogrks vkf.k u V gksrks] ;kyk R;kaps nkfjnz; dqbsrjh dkj.khhkqr Bjrs- lkekftd lel;k % lekt vkf.k lkfgr; ;kapk laca/k lk[kghizek.ks vlrks- dkj.k dks.kr;kgh dykoarkyk lektkf kok; lkfgr; fufezrh djrk ;sr ukgh- dkj.k dykoar gk lektkrhy?kvd 110

4 EduIndex Impact Factor 5.20 ISSN vlrks- T;k lektkrhy okrkoj.kkr ckyi.k xsysys vlrs] R;k lektkps laldkj R;kP;koj >kysys vlrkr- lkfgfr;d rrdkfyu lektkrhy T;k dkagh #<h] izfkk ] ijaijk]pkyhfjrh] lald`frd vuqca/k vkf.k O;Drhaps fofo/k LoHkko br;kfn loz xks VheqGs lektkr fuekz.k gks.kk&;k lel;kaps lw{ei.ks voyksdu d#u] ;k lel;k lektkyk fdrh fo?kkrd vkgsr v kk xks Vhiklwu lektkyk nwj Bso.;klkBh lkfgr;krwu rrdkfyu lel;k ekam.;kpk iz;ru djhr vlrkr- ys[kd ;kyk viokn ukghr- ys[kdkapk tue e/;eoxhz; dqvwackr >ky;keqgs] o R;kaps lq#okrhps thou xzkeh.k Hkkxkr xsy;keqgs R;kauh xzkeh.k o kgjh Hkkxkrhy e/;eoxhz; ;kap;k T;k dkgh lel;k vkgsr] R;k R;kaP;k cgqrka k dknac&;ke/kwu v/kksjsf[kr >ky;k vkgsr- R;kr e/;eoxhz;kap;k T;k dkgh lel;k vkgsr R;k iq<hy izek.ks vkgsr] lektkrhy #<h] izfkk] ijaijk]l=h;kap;k lel;k] vkku] va/kj/nsp;k lel;k br;knh osxosxg;k lkekftd lel;kauk ys[kd vxnh izr;;dkjhi.ks kcnkafdr djrkr- mnk%^na k izhrhpk] ^jdr/kqan]^ vfxu;qx^] dkgmksg]^ vlolfk fr?kh]^ lkbz^ br;kfn- dknac&;krwu R;kauh ojhy lel;k ekam.;kps iz;ru dsys vkgsr- ^na k izhrhpk ^ ;k dknacjhrwu ys[kdkauh tkfrfu B fopkj vkf.k R;krwu mnhko.kkjs lkekftd iz u ekamys vkgsr- [k&;k vfkkzus tj fopkj dsyk ] rj ^ekuo^ tkr ghp vkgs- i.k ;k dknacjhe/;s oklork fnlwu ;srs- vpkud,dk ouke/;s f>cck vkf.k ihlps izselaca/k ;srkr- gh xks V xkoke/;s ihlp;k ofmykauk ekfgr gksrs] ihlps omhy ljnkj osxg;k lektkps vly;keqgs R;kyk gn~n ikjph f k{kk nsrkr- f>cck [kwi fouo.kh djrks] i.k tekr osxgh vly;keqgs dks.khgh R;kyk ekq djr ulrkr- ;k lanhkkzr f>cck Eg.krks] ^^ex T;k lar yksdkauk rqegh iqtrk] R;k larkuh lkafxrysy;k f kdo.kh dk ukgh vkpjhr \ eh tkr ikr ekur ukgh- vki.k lkjh bz ojkph ysdja vkgksr] eh gh euq ; vkgs- vkf.k ihlgh euq ; vkgs- #ikus ]xq.kkus] vkegh,desdkauk vuq#i vkgksr- vkeph Volume VI Issues VI 111

5 eua tqgyh vkgsr- vkegh,desdkaps vkgksr] vkep;k ehyukl nks?kkaphgh iq.kzi.ks laerh vlrkuk ns[khy gk U;k;fuokMk dj.;kps dkj.k dk;\ tj eh ihloj tcjnlrh dsyh vlrh] rj ek= ek>k rks vijk/k >kyk vlrk-vkf.k vkrkns[khy izse d#u eh fryk f>mdkjys vlrs rjh ns[khy vijk/kp gksbzy- i.k eh fryk d/khgh nwj dj.kkj ukgh] vk;q ;Hkj lkahkkgh.k- ex uk;d rqeghp lkaxk] ;kyk nks k] vijk/k] xqugk rqegh Eg.krk dk ek>;k n` Vhdksukrwu^^2 v kk izdkjs lkekftd lel;k mn~hkorkr- lkekftd kgk.ki.kkpk vhkkogh fnlwu ;srks- tkroklrokpk os/k bfks izr;;dkjh vkgs- ^jdr/kqan^ ;k dknacjh,dqyrk,d ^vftd;^ gk xfjc?kjk.;kr tuekyk ;srks- rks iksjdk vlrks- lozlo kjhj lairh rks lekt lsosr ykorks- i.k lektkph lsok djr vlrkuk] iq<kjh yksd] ea=h] xqam yksdkauk lqikjh nsåu vftad;kyk cnmrkr vkf.k Hkz Vkpkj fuekz.k djrkr- ;krwu Hkz Vkpkjh lel;k mn~hkors- jktdh; fo o] xqugsxkjh tx] ncysyk Hk;fHkr lekt] grcy iksyhl&;a=.kk ;kaps Hksnd fp=.k ;k dknacjhr ;srs- ^vknhe^ ;k dknacjhr eku;oj yksdkadmwu L=hps thou /kksd;kr dls ;srs] ;kps fp=.k vkys vkgs- eatqgsp;k yxuklkbh eqyxk fryk igk;yk ;srks- ofmy/kk&;k ek.klkauk gk eku nsåu cksykorkr- lks;jhd Bjorkuk HkkxZojko] gqamk lel;k fuekz.k djrks- gqamk frrdk ns.;k,o<h,sir ukgh vls nk[kforks- vkf.k lks;fjd eksmrkr] vkiy;k eqyhlkj[;k kkshk.kk&;k eatqgsyk vkiy;k uknh ykorks vkf.k frp;k kh yxu d#u?ksrksv kk izdkjs L=hleL;k fuekz.k >kys vkgs- rj R;kaP;k ^lkbz^ dknacjhr va/kj/nk vkkukps fp=.k vkys vkgs- tks lekt vkkuh vlrks R;k lektkr dekyhps va/kj/nk fnlwu ;srs vkf.k vlk lekt vkku vkf.k va/kj/nse/;s xqjqvwu tkrks- R;keqGs R;k lektkps iru gksr tkrs-v kk ;k va/kj/nsp;k ikbhykxwu ftou m/nolr d#u?ks.kk&;k lektkyk ;k lel;kiklwu izo`rr d#u uoh fn kk ns.;klkbh ys[kdakph vkku o va/kj/nkred lel;kaps fp=.k dj.kkjh dknacjh vkgs- ^lkbze/khy tokgjvyyh ^,d eqflye Qfdj 112

6 EduIndex Impact Factor 5.20 ISSN vkgs- gk <ksaxh iq# k vkgs- tokgj vyyhp;k ikbhekxs HkDrhus islk] /ku] nksyr Hkjiwj fegrks Eg.kwu yksd R;kaph jk=afnol lsok djhr vlrkr-?kjkdms y{k u nsrk R;kph lsok d# ykxys- viw.kz Kkuh] <ksaxh iq# k tokgj vyyh rksamikb d#u yksdkauk vk;r] dqjk.k lkaxwu Hkwy?kkyhr gksrk-,dsfno kh rksp Qfdj fganwp;k HkxwdMwu lkxwrh [kkowu eafnje/;s gkms Vkdrks] R;keqGs ^lkbz ^ oklro fp=.k dj.kkjh dknacjh vkgs- R;krhy loz O;fDrjs[kk oklrokrhy o fofo/k lkekftd Lrjkrhy vkgsr- izr;sdkaph lel;k osxgh vkgs- R;keqGs ^lkbze/;s^ O;kid lkekft fp=.k ;srs- lektke/;s HkkaM.k fuekz.k djrks] R;keqGs lektkr HksnHkko fuekz.k gksrkr- ^dkgmksg^ ;k dknacjhrhy vkn kz f k{kdkdmwu l=h d kkizdkjs cgh imrs gs fun kzukl ;srs- gk f k{kd dzwj uhrhph] okbzv fopkjkapk] xks&;k jaxkpk] dkg;k eukpk <ksaxh iq# k vkgs- vls dhms lektke/;s okojrkuk fnlwu ;srkr- gh dknacjh oklrfod ikrghojph Bjrs- paihph vkczw ijtkrhrhy ccu;k /kqghyk ykorks] gh iapk;r,dk vkn kz f k{kdkdmwu gksrs] R;keqGs ccu;kyk gn~nikjph f k{kk gksrs- rks paih kh yxu djk;yk r;kj vlrks] rjhi.k frp;k kh yxuyko;yk r;kj ulrkr- dkj.k dsog tkr vkm ;sr vlrs- vkn kz f k{kd gk paihyk frpk ofmy?kjkr Bsowu?ksr uly;keqgs vkiy;k?kjh Bsowu?ksrks- vkiy;k eqyhlkj[;k kkshk.kk&;k eqyhpk cykrdkj djrks- R;keqGs rh vkregr;k d#u?ksr-s v kh gh oklrfod L=hleL;k mn~hkors- ^vfxu;qx ^ dknacjhrhy kdaj gk vhk;flag jkts ;kap;kdms uksdjhyk vlrkr- vhk;flag jkts L=h L=hyaiV vkgs- kadjyk dkekyk ykor vlrks vu~ R;kposGh frp;k iruh kh laca/k Bsorks- e/;eoxhz; L=h;kaps kks k.k dj.kkjs vkgs- v kk vusd L=h;kauk tkg;kr Vkd.;kpk iz;ru djrks- kkshkkpk eqyxk laxzkegk lqlald`r] lq khy]pkfj=;oku vkgs- vu;kp;k cktwu y<r vlrks- ikamwp;k iruhpk cykrdkjkph ckreh dgrs] rsaogk R;kph Volume VI Issues VI 113

7 vkbz kkshkk Eg.krs] ^^laxzke vkrk gk [ksg ehp laiors!ek>;klkj[;k vlgkµ; vcykauk ;kus Hkz V dsys-,dk vcykdmwup ;kpk var >kyk ikfgts vu~ frus canqdhph ugh ljdkjkap;k Nkrhoj jks[kyh-^^3 v'kk izdkjs vusd lkekftd lel;k xk;dokm ;kap;k dknacjhr vky;k vkgsrrrdkfyu lektkrhy osxosxgs Lrj] osxosxg;k lekl;kauk?ksåu lkdkj dsy;k vkgsrdkg cnywu xsys rjh R;kaP;k dknac&;krhy lel;k gzkk Toyar lel;k Eg.kwu vkfo d`r gksr tkrkr- R;kaP;k dknacj&;kauk dkgkps ca/ku imr ukgh- R;keqGs R;kaP;k ;k lkekftd lel;k fpf=r dj.kk&;k dknac&;k ] ;k fpjr#.k okvr vlrkr- lanhkz% 1½ fouksn xk;dokm ]^ vhks ]^,Dly fizavlz iq.ks] vko`rrh &2000 i`-30 2½ fouksn xk;dokm ] ^na kizhrhpk]^ ;qfuvh izdk ku izk-fy- iq.ks vko`rrh&2003] i`-38 3½ izk- fouksn xk;dokm ]^ vfxu;qx]^,dly fizavlz iq.ks] vko`rrh &2000 i`