Ykksdxhr % Lo:Ik vkf.k izdkj

Transkript

1 Ykksdxhr % Lo:Ik vkf.k izdkj lks- osnjh fot; ffkxgs] Ph.D.,e-,-],e-,M-] ih,p-mh-( lg;ksxh izk/;kfidk] izikbd] ejkbh fohkkx izeq[k] dezohj kkarkjkeckiw okojs egkfo ky;] mrreuxj] flmdks] ukf kd % 8 Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at ejkbh yksdxhr gs vksoh] ins] vk[;kuij xhr] fdaok x kred vlk vk k; vlysyh la{khir jpuk Lo:ikps vlrs- fulxzfu;fer Hkko vly;kewgs R;kr LokHkkfod ukny;heqgs rky fuekz.k gksrks vkf.k vo;o lapyu vflrkrokr ;srs- eukr nkvysy;k Hkkoukaauk xk.ks vkf.k u`r;kp;k :ikus,d okv fegrs-,dnk dk ukn;qdr kcnjpuk LQqjyh dh fryk rkyc/n v kk laxhrkph fdaok ok kph lkfk fnyh tkrs- R;krhy kcngh ex d/kh vfkzokgh gksrkr rj d/kh d/kh R;k kcnkauk vfkz gh ulrks i.k y;c/nrslkbh R;kph iqujko`rrh gksr tkrs-dkgh xhrs dkgh tekrh fur; usekus Eg.kr vlrkr- yksdxhr Eg.kts xzkeh.k thou vkf.k lald`rh rls fjrhfjoktkaps izfrfcac mevfo.kkjk,d izdkjpk vkjlkp vkgsyksdxhrkpk kks/k vksymsucxz ;kus rj Hkkjrh; egkdko;kp;k izkjahkhp;k volfksiklwu?ksryk vkgsegkdko;krhy ikpkaph Hkk k.ks gh rj i e; gksrh- R;kauk tksm.kkjs izlax gs x kred vlk;ps vkf.k dkylkis{k o yksdlkis{k rs cnyr xsysys fnlrkr- czkã.k xzafkkr]mifu knkr] egkhkkjrkr] cks/n tkrdkr] ts.k pwf.kzdkr vls x &i fefjr Lo:Ik vk<grs-;k xzafkkrhy laokn lwdrs gk gh izkphu yksdxhrkpkp izdkj vkgs- YksdxhrkaP;k O;k[;k yksdxhr Eg.kts Hkkoxhr vu~,[kknh yfyrd`rh vlwu fryk pky vlrs& vysd>kamj dzkwi Yksdxhrs gh vd`f=e vlrkr vkf.k laxhrkps :Ik?ksowu thoukr vkuan fuekz.k djrkr- xzhe JULY-AUG 2016, VOL-4/25 Page 2630

2 yksdxhrs gs yksdlkfgr;kpk vkrek-& Jh- uk-jk- ksams yksdleqgkps okm~-e; vfyf[kr vkf.k eksf[kd ijaijsus pkyr vkysys laxkhre; xhr & LVWMMZ fmd kujh vkwwq QksDYkksvj kkl=h; fu;ekaph vkf.k fo ks kkaph iokz u djrk lkeku; yksdo;ogkjkp;k mi;ksxklkbh ek.kls vkiy;k vkuankp;k mygklkr T;k ok.khpk lgt vkf.k Nanksc?n vkfo dkj djrkr rs yksdxhr gks;-& Jh- l-d`-qmds Lkkekftd eukpk,drkursus dsysyk xhre; vkfo dkj Eg.kts yksdxhr gks;- ;krwu mrloij HkDrhHkkoiw.kZ ryyhurk fuekz.k gksrs & fo- dk- jktokms lkeku; yksdthoukp;k ik ozhkwehoj lgti.ks eukshkkokaph >kysyh y;kred vfhko;drh Eg.kts yksdxhr gks; & MkW- fparke.kh mik/;k;- yksdxhr vkep;k xzkeh.k thoukrhy vkpkj fopkj] lh;rk] iksjkf.kd ijaijk tiwu Bsors &Jh kkepj.k nqcs- viks: ks; okm~-e; vlysy;k osnkap;k}kjs lald`rhrhy lh;i.kk] f k Vkpkj] ekuoh thou dgrs rls xzkexhrka}kjs vk;kzap;k iwohzp;k lald`rhps n kzu?kmrs- yksdxhr Eg.kts lkeqfgd eukpk Hkkofud mrdv vkfo dkj gks;- yksdxhrs Eg.kts rrdkyhu yksdok.kh vkf.k thoukfo dkjij xhr gks;- fofo/k izdkjp;k tkfroar Lojfoyklkauh f k.kxkjysys o vf kf{krkauh fdr;sd o kkzekxs jpys vlrkaukgh dsog ikbkarjkp;k cgkoj fi<;ku fi<;k vkiy;k uouoksues k kkyh rstkus iq<p;k fi<hyk mrrsftr dj.kkjs Hkkoxhr Eg.kts yksdxhr gks; * MkW- ljksftuh ckcj yksdxhr Eg.kts lkeku;k ek.klkp;k thoukph vfhko;drhp gks;- yksdxhrkap;k izsj.kk o Lo:Ik & vkiyh ikjaifjd thoui/nrhp v kh vkgs dh] gh yksdxhrs ekuoh thoukpk,d vifjgk;z Hkkx >kysyh gksrh- lekt eukoj nsooknkpk vlysyk izhkko] R;krwu fuekz.k >kysy;k fdaok dsysy;k vusd :<h] ijaijk vkf.k pkfyfjrh] yksdthoukps vkpkj fopkj] /kekzpk izhkko ;krwup yksdxhrkaph fufezrh >kyh vkf.k yksdxhrkauk fo k;gh fegkysys fnlrkr- ijaijkfiz;rk gk yksdxhrkaapk vifjgk;z vlk Hkkx vkgs- fulxkzpk izhkko >syr >syr dkgh yksdxhrs tuekyk ;srkr- d/kh d/kh u kap;k ik.;kpk JULY-AUG 2016, VOL-4/25 Page 2631

3 [kg[kgkv]es?kkapk fotslg]?kks k.kkalgh pkyysyk vkdkamrkamo] o`{kkap;k ikukaph lglg] i{kkapk fdyfcykv] izk.;kaps vkokt ;k lokzae/kwu,d ukn fuekz.k gksrks vkf.k yksdxhr tuekyk ;srs-vlk ukn vkf.k R;kyk fnysyh Loj vkf.k lwjkaph lkfk vkf.k R;kaph vkfne cksyhrhy kcn ;k lokzae/kwu,d yksdxhr vkdkjkyk ;srsyksdxhrhaps fo k; ggwggw fulxkzdmwu lkekftd thouk dms vkf.k ex uarj lkald`frdrsdms ogrkr- i.k gs lxga,dv;k ek.klkap;k ckcrhr vkf.k leqgkrgh?kmrs- yksdxhrkp;k izsj.kk d/kh os;fdrd rj d/kh lkeqfgd vlrkr- yksdxhr d/kh d/kh mrlqdrk]vk p;z] Hkhrh] isze] vkuan rj d/kh nq%[k izdv dj.;klkbh fuekz.k gksrs- vusdnk,[kknh O;Drh xhrklkbh fdaok R;kP;k lknjhdj.kklkbh iq<kdkj?ksrs ex fryk lkfk ns.;klkbh lewg iq<s gksrks- yksdxhr dks.kh fyfgys gs lkaxrk ;sr ukghdkj.k yksdxhrkpk dks.kh drkz ulrks- v kh xhrs,dk fi<hdmwu nqlú;k fi<hdms ladzfer gksr vlrkr vkf.k fi<;ku fi<;k rh pkyr jkgrkr- d/kh R;krhy,[kkns dmos xgwu tkrs rj d/kh,[kknh uoh fi<h R;kr Lor%ph Hkj gh?kkyrsizk-fqyhi tkwmzukap;k ers yksdthoukph ukmh vksg[k.;kps vafre lkef;z yksdlkfgr;kp;k vly;kus ekuoh thoukfhkeq[k jkgwu rs lrr psru;e;]dk;e ftoar jkgrs- yksdlektkps fopkj] letqrh vkf.k dyiuk ;k lokzapk vankt yksdokm~-e;ko:u cka/krk ;srks- laiw.kz lektkph lald`rh ;kp,dk lk/kukeqgs vktekorkgh ;srs- yksdlkfgr;krp yksdthoukps] lald`rhps vkf.k thou tx.;kp;k fofo/k i/nrhaps n kzu?kmrs- Jh uk-jk- ksams ;kap;k ers vkfnlarkauh kwu;krwu fu;rhp;k dykuqlkj thou vkfo d`r dsys uogs rs vyad`rgh dsys] R;kauh /ouh fuekz.k dsyk vkf.k fodklkfo k;h R;kyk kcnkdkj fnyk- kcnkr R;kauh fofo/k Hkkojax Hkjys- rjy dyidrsus kcnk kcnkaph e/kqj o izhkkoh tqg.kh vkf.k uojlkauk R;kauh yksdokm~-e;kph lgtlqwrz mhkkj.kh d:u jax:iklg R;kpk vr;ar e/kqj xa/k loz= njogfoykizk- dqatfcgkjh nkl ;kap;k ers yksdxhrs d/kh tquh gksr ukghr-rh lqlald`r yksdkap;k thoukp;k pkdksjhckgsj jkg.kk&;k ]fulxkz kh beku jk[k.kk&;k lald`rhp;k izkfkfed volfksrhy yksdkapk mrlqwrz Hkkoukapk vkfo dkj vlrks-ejkbhrhy cgqla[; yksdokm~-e; gs fl=;kauh fuekz.k dsysys vly;keqgs deykckbz ns kikams ;kauh R;kyk ^viks: ks; okm~-e;* vls EgVys vkgsyksdxhrkaph jpuk gh xk.kk&;kp;k lksbzuqlkj dsysyh vlrs- ;ke/;s vko`rr gks.kk&;k /k`inkyk egro vlrs- gs d/kh kcnkred rj d/kh,[kkns v{kj vlrs rj d/kh uqlrkp ukngh vlrks- ;kp;k JULY-AUG 2016, VOL-4/25 Page 2632

4 lkgk;kusp yksdxhrkps xk;u gksr vlrs- izkjahk /k`inkus d:u rs lrr vkgowugh xk;u lairs- i.k rs brds ukne; vlrs dh vko`rrhpk davkgk ;sr ukghdkj.k ;k /k`inkps vkgo.ka fofo/k r&gsps vlrsyksdxhr lkeqnkf;d i/nrhus xkrkr- R;krp R;kps lksan;z nmysys vkgs- vk k;kr rj vlrsp i.k xk;ukr ns[khy lksan;z vlrs- ;k jpuk izknsf kd] lkekftd] lkald`frd o tkfrfugk; lkis{k vlrkr- ;kr yksdlald`rhp;k izfrek vkf.k izfrds vlrkr-/ouh] kcn] jax] :Ik vkf.k xa/k ;kapk yksdxhrkr vkfo dkj?kmrks ijarq dsog gk vkfo dkj?kmowup yksdxhr Fkkacr ukgh rj R;krwu ukv;] u`r; o laxhr dykaphgh fufezrh d:u] izrhds n kzowu R;kauh thoukrhy fofo/k isywaph jlksrdv vfhko;drh?kmfors vkf.k vkiy;k lald`rhph vflerk izdv djrs vls ;keqgsp Jh jk- fpa- <sjs ;kaukgh yksdxhr vkf.k,dw.kp yksdlkfr; gs yksdlald`rhp;k v/;;ukps izkfkfed vkf.k izeq[k lk/ku okvrs- yksdlkfgr;kpk,d izdkj Eg.kwu rs xzkeh.k] vfyf[kr i.k mpp] mnkrr o izhkkoh Lo:ikps v{kj okm~-e; vkgs vkf.k izkphu dkgkiklwu pkyr vkysyk Hkkjrh;kaP;k thoulald`rhpk bfrgkl vkgs Eg.kwugh R;kP;k vh;klkph vko ;drk vkgsyksdxhr gs vkfnekuokp;k mrlqwrz Hkkoukapk laxhre; foykl okvrs- vls iwjhyk okv.ks LokHkkfod gksrs- izkphu dkgkp;k eksf[kd lafgrsrwu lafgrsp;k lknjhdj.kkrwu mhkkjysy;k vkf.k fuekz.k dsysy;k lald`rhps] lkekftdrsps ] dykaps n kzu rj?kmrsp i.k R;kpcjkscj R;kP;k jlksrdvrspsgh n kzu?kmrs dh ts vktp;k yksfddxhrkrlq/nk f>jiys vkgs- ewfyuksogldh ;kap;kizek.ksp ik pkr; kkl=k vum;w ywx gs ns[khy Eg.krkr dh] ^yksddfkk vkf.k yksdxhr Eg.kts ekuotkrhp;k izkjahk dkgkpk bfrgkl vkgs o rs vf/khkksfrd kkl=gh vkgs-* ekyrhckbz nkamsdj ;kauk rj ;k ;k lkfgr;kr izkphu fokku vk<grs- ;kpkp vfkz vkfnekuokph fopkjiz.kkyh o frph flfkr;arjs o uslfxzd perdkjkaph ivrhy v kh vn~hkqr mrrjs fegok;ph vlrhy] tqu;k ekuooa kkph kk or lrrk riklko;kph vlsy vkf.k R;kaP;k dykapk vh;kl djk;pk vlsy rj yksdlkfgr;kf kok; Ik;kZ; ukgh- MkW- rkjk HkokGdjkaP;k ersgh ekuoh thoukpk lexz os/k?ksrkauk dsog HkwrdkGkrhy e`r vo ks kkaps iqjkos,dk e;kznsi;zar mi;ksxh imrkr-,sfrgkfld dkxni=s] f kykys[k] uk.kh ;ko:u Qkj rj rrdkyhu jkt;dr;kzoxkzph ekfgrh fegw kdrks- iqjkrroh; mr[kuukrwu fegkysy;k lk/kukapk,dk e;kznsi;zarp mi;ksx gksow kdrks] i.k yksddfkk] yksdxhrs] Eg.kh] okd~izpkj] m[kk.ks gs kcnlkfgr; lkeku; ek.klkp;k eukrhy Hkkoukaph] fopkjkaph] /kkj.kkaph lw{ekfrlw{e vkanksyus tru djhr vlrs- JULY-AUG 2016, VOL-4/25 Page 2633

5 cnyysy;k HkkSfrd thoukrhy imlkn ;k kcnyksdlkfgr;kr vxnh lgti.ks mevysys fnlrs- R;keqGs kcnyksdlkfgr; yksdthoukps] yksdekulkpk o lekt kkl=h; vh;klkps lk/ku BjrsijD;k lald`rhpk Li kzgh u >kysys] vfkkzph,s o;zlaiuurk ns.kkjs] yksd O;ogkjkapk ftoari.kk o dykred vkfo dkj vlysys yksdlkfgr;krhy yksdxhr gs ejkbh lkfgr;kpk vlly [kftuk vkgsrks d/kh tquk gksr ukgh vu~ gks.kkj ukgh- R;kpk osxosxg;k vaxkus] n`f Vdksukuqlkj vh;kl gksr jkfgy ;kr kadk ukgh- yksdxhrkaps oxhzdj.k yksdxhrkaps oxhzdj.k dj.;klkbh used;k?kvdkauh R;kps oxhzdj.k dj.ks v kd; vkgs- i.k rjhgh dkgh?kvd utjs leksj Bsowu R;kaPkk lekos k R;k R;k izdkjkr dj.ka vko ;d Bjrs- oxhzdj.kkaps?kvd vkf.k yksdxhrkps oxhzdj.k iq<hyizek.ks lkaxrk ;srhy- 1- izknsf kdrk& ukxj]xzkeh.k]ouizns kkrhy vkfnoklh fdaok ou; tekrhaph xk.kh 2- L=h&iq: k &fl=;kaph xk.kh vkf.k iq: kkaph xk.kh 3- Ykksdxhr xk;d & gh xhrs xk.kk&;k xk;dkap;k izdkjko:u oxhzdj.k- tls iq: k] fl=;k]cgq:ih] rqacmhokys] HkjkMh] oklqnso] ikaxqg] /kuxjh oxsjs 4- Ok; vkf.k ukr;kuqlkj yksdxhr &ygku eqykap;k lanhkkzrhy xk.kh- tls vaxkbzxhrs]cmcm xhrs] rkyxhr] eqyhap;k lanhkkzrhy xk.kh Eg.kts f>eek] QqxMh] fiaxk] ekmhps xk.ks] xksjhph xk.kh] i Ek; m[kk.ks] eqykalkbh gqrqrw fdaok gekekph u`r;[ksg xhrs] 5- Lektthoukuqlkj yksdxhr & HkjkMh ]cgq:ih] xksa/kgh. Okk?;k eqjgh] iksrjkt]/kuxj] rqacmhokys] ksrdjh] dhrzudkj] fo/khukv; lknj dj.kkjs oxsjs 6- Tkkrh;rk & fhkyy] ekrax] csynkj] /kuxj] Bkdj] HkjkMh] vkfnoklh]dkrdjh] dksd.kk] okjyh] dksjdw] rqacmhokys] xksam] catkjk tkrhuqlkj yksdxhrkaps oxhzdj.k djrk ;srs- 7- fo/khuqlkj fdaok?kvukauqlkj & lektkrhy fofo/k fo/kha kh vkf.k?kvuk fdaok dk;kza kh yksdxhrs tksmysyh vkgsr- tls xhkz/kkj.kk]mksgkgs] vir; tue] ckjls] eqat ]yxu] efrzd] ksrhrhy fo/kh] dqg/kez] dqgkpkj] xksa/kg] mikluk xhrs] ckyxhrs] iksokms]- nqxkzckbz Hkkxorkauh rj iz.k; xhrs]foyki xhrs]fl=;kaph xhrs] iq: kkaph xhrs] u`r;xhrs] fo/kh xhrs]fouksnh xhrs] Je xhrs vls dkgh izdkj ikmysys vkgsr- 8- dkgh mnkgj.ka JULY-AUG 2016, VOL-4/25 Page 2634

6 ckydkaph xhrs & cmcm xhrs] vaxkbz xhrs] rkyxhrs] u`r;[ksg xhrs 1- vmxqya emxqya lksu;kpk okgk] ckgkyk ykow ;k dikgh fvgk- 2- vmxqya emxqya lksu;kpa dmxqya]:i;kpk okgk, rkug;k ckgk] rhv ykow- 3- bfks bfks csl js eksjk]/kkow udks ykac rw js pksjk] 4- bfks bfks csl js dkm]ckg?kkyra; tsow]pkjk [kk] ik.kh ih] vkf.k Hkqjdu mmwu tkow- 5- vkimh FkkiMh xqgkph ikimh]/keed ykmw rsy ikmw]rsyaxhpa,dp iku]/kj js ckck ;kpk dku- 6- bfjax fefjax yoaxk frjhax] ykwaxk rhjpk Mqx Mqx jktk]xkbz xksih mrjyk jktk- fl=;kaph xhrs & l.k]mrlo]e`r;w- Jexhrs &tkr;kojph xhrs] dkam.k djrkukaph xhrs fo/khxhrs & fookg] MksgkGs] vir; tue] ikg.ks] ikpohph iwtk]ckjls] eqatk] u`r;[ksg & fiaxk] f>eek] Qsj] QqxMh l.k&mrlo vkf.k ozr & eaxgkxksj] gksgh]ukxiapeh] gknxk] x.kirh] uojk=] dqynsork rqg kh] gjrkfydk] T;s BkxkSjh] xzkensork] ovlkfo=h]hkqykckbz] bukbz] dkuwckbz- mikluk & nso] nsoh vkf.k dqynsork ckcrph xk.kh- L=h xhrs gk vkiyk lkfgr;krhy eksykpk Bsok rj vkgsp i.k rrdkyhu L=hthoukapk vkf.k Hkkoukapk vkjlk vkgs- frph tkr;kojph vksoh Eg.kts frp;k dksvqafcd thoukps Hkkoiw.kZ n kzup vlrs-r;krwu rrdkyhu lektthou n kzu gh?kmrs-frps lkljps vkf.k ekgsjps tx.ks rh v kk xk.;kae/kwu ekamr tkrs-frp;k eukpkh lkjh Lianus yksdxhrkrhy L=h xhrs >syrkr- yksdxhrkae/kwu L=hthoukps lkekftd :Ik igko;kl fegrs- rls ap R;krwu L=h &lewg eukp;k fofo/k eukso`rrh o Hkko&Hkkouk ekamysy;k vk<grkr-,dw.kp L=h thoukp;k fofo/k volfkkaps izfrfcac ;k yksdxhrkae/kwu igko;kl fegrs- L=hthou gs yxukiwohzps vkf.k yxukuarjps vls nksu VII;kr fohkkxysys vlrs- ;k nksugh VII;kae/kwu L=hyk vkiy;k thoukr vusd Hkwfedk ikj ikmko;kp;k vlrkr- vkfnoklh fhkyy tekrhp;k fl=;kap;k yksdxhrkae/kwu fofo/krk vk<grs] ;k xhrkae/kwu egknso o lw;z ;k nsorkapk vf/kd myys[k >kysyk vkgs- tynsork] vkljk] vxuh] itzu; o izk.khnsork gs fo k; ;k yksdxhrkae/kwu ;srkr- vkfnoklh JULY-AUG 2016, VOL-4/25 Page 2635

7 fhkyy tekrhp;k yksdkaph fdaok fl=;kaph Lor%ph v kh cksyhhkk kk vkgs o R;k cksyhhkk ksrwup rh vkiyh yksdxhrs xkrkauk vk<grkr- fo/kh Eg.kts fof k V i/nrhus dsysyh ra=kea=kred fdz;k gks;- ;kp gsrwus vusd fo/khxhrs] nsonsorkaoj xhrs o vu; izklafxdxhrs Eg.kts yxufo/khph xhrs] d` khfo k;d xhrs v kh yksdxhrs vly;kps fnlwu ;srsozrkaoj rj L=hpk vf/kd fo okl fdaok gh ozrs fryk vkrecg ns.kkjh vkf.k ladvkaoj ekr djk;yk lksia dj.kkjh okvrkr- [kja rj ozr Eg.kts ^;krukred lkef;kzus dkeukiwrhz dj.;kps ek/;e gks;*- ;k ozrkapk lq{ek vh;kl gk jfoanzukfk Bkdwjkapk Hkkm vouhunzkukfk ;kauh dsyk gksrk- rs Eg.krkr dh ^A Vrata is Just desire. We see it represented in the pictures, listen to echo in the songs and rhymes] witness it s reaction in the dramas and dances, in short the Vratas are but desires as sung, the painted desire, desire as among and living* L=h ghp fo ofufezrhps dsanz vlwu ltzu dj.;kph vykksfdd ;krq kdrh frp;krp vlrs gs vktgh vki.k eku; djk;yk gos- rh vusd kks/kkaph tuuh vkgs- Hkweh vkf.k rhpa tx.ka ;kr Qkjls varj ukghdkj.k Hkweh vkf.k l`tu ;kapk vuqca/k gk iqjkru vkgs- Hkkjrh; lald`rhr >kms] Ik kqi{kh]nxm]ekrh] ik.kh] lw;z] vxuh ;kap;k HkkoHkkoukaps ekuq khdj.k dsys tkrs vkf.k R;kauk iwtys tkrs- gk gh yksdxhrkapk xkhkk vkgsvkfnoklh fhkyykaph ikojk fhkyy^ gh mitkr vkgs- ;k ikojk fhkyy tekrhr ^gksgh^ gk l.k eksb;k izek.kkoj lktjk djrkr- gksghph xhrs] ksrhfo k;d xhrs ikjaikfjd nsonsorkaph xhrs rs vkiy;k ikojh fhkyy ;ks cksyhhkk ksrwu xkrkr- fl=;kauk nkfxu;kaph Qkj gksl vlrs] eaxy izlaxh fdaok l.kkokjkyk ;k fujfujkg;k vyadkjkaoj Eg.kts xg;krys] gkrkik;krhy nkfxus ;k lokzaoj vk/kkjhr v kh yksdxhrs fl=;k xkr vlrkr-;k lozp Hkwfedkaoj vk/kkjhr v kh gh L=hthoukojhy yksdxhrs vk<grkr- dkgh mnkgj.ks iq<hy izek.ks& 1- vkbz eh ygku] dsrdhpa iku] ekekys lkax eys dacjiv~vk vk.ka 2- uojh ikgw vkys uojnso] cslys ikv panuh]uojh ckbz t kh kqdzkph pkan.kha 3- Ukkp xa?kqek] d kh eh ukpw] lksukj ukgh vkyk ckaxkm;k ukgh eyk d kh eh ukpw\ 4- fdl ckbz fdl] nksmdk dhl]nksmd;k QksM ykxyh xksm] vkf.kd rksm ckbz vkf.kd rksma JULY-AUG 2016, VOL-4/25 Page 2636

8 5- ikml imyk] eksr;k iog;kp;k /kkjk] lqxh vkyh?kjk fryk /kjka 6- ysdhpk tye tlk ckhkghpk ikyk]c;k xksg.k cksyrh] /kuh dks.k dks.kkpk >kyka 7- gkr eh tksmhrs mxor;k lw;kz ukjk;.kkyk]vk;q ; ekaxrs ekb;k x dafkkyk A 8- nqcg;ki.kkpk eyk vkrk ukgh?kksj A T;ksfrck ek>k nso] ;srks Lkiuh fu nsrks /khj A 9- ojrke/kh ojr eh lkseokjpa dsya] iksvkyk ekb;k xa egknso ckg vkyaa 10- ksthckbz xqt lkaxrs xa rqyk] Hkzrkjkokpwu xr vkf.k kkshkk ukgh xa ukjhyk A 11- Lkklw vkf.k lkljk] nsj gk frljk] vkso;k xkow Hkjrkjk] ;s ja ck ja fob~byka iq: kkaph xhrs & Je xhrs & Hkyjh xhrs] xqjk[;kph xk.kh] eksvsojph] ukaxjkojph xk.kh] lksax.khph xk.kh fo/khxhrs & e`r;w- tkxj.k] xksa/kg] vkjrh] mikluk xhrs & Hkxrkaph xk.kh] oklqnso] fiaxgk] HkjkMh] iksrjkt] tksxos] ok?ks] rqacmhokys] /kukxjkaph xk.kh] cgq:ih] ckglarks kkph xk.kh] [kamksck fdaok EkYgkj&EgkGlk vkf.k ckuwph xk.kh- xksa/kgkrhy xk.kh] tkxj.kkph xk.kh] dkgh mnkgj.ks- 1- Hkyjh nknk Hkyjh /kksamh /kksamh ikuh ns] /kkudmk ihdw ns A 3- xm;kojh xm js ckck xm po&;kpk Hkkjh];srs MksG;kys va/kkjh js ckck va/kkjh A 4- egknsokp;k okvsyk]iksgk HkDrkapk pkyyk]egkf kjk=hp;k fn kh- o`{k csykpk ykoyk vkt vor.k?;k m k tsokys ;k],d ueu xksjk ikozrh fu gj gj egknso cksyk A 5- ifgys ueu ifgy;k x.kk] nqljs guqearkyk] frljs f=hkqoukyk] pksfks ueu jkepanzkyk A 6- vkyh vkyh js fnokgh] fnokgh] fnok djtks Hkkrkpk] pksd Hkjtks eksr;kpk A 7- dkvh dkvh js dkvh]hkjkvhph dkvha uojk ck;dkspa HkkaM.k >kya ja lqikjhlkbh A JULY-AUG 2016, VOL-4/25 Page 2637

9 8- ikvykp;k ksrkaeanh ck isjyh ja lksia tkobz ekxrs?kmh ] eqanh vkf.k xksia 4- yksddfkkxhrs fadaok yksdukv;ij xhrs xhrkap;k ek/;ekrwu lkaafxrysy;k dfksl yksddfkkxhr vls Eg.krkr-&th-,yfdVjst lektkrhy vk[;ku izhkkoh vkf.k izr;;dkjh Lo:ikr lakaxwu Jh xqej ;kauh izkphu (Oldest Ballads)] dksvqafcd (Ballads of kinship) vykksfdd (Ballads of Supernatural), iksjkf.kd] ( Legendary Ballads), lhekar(border Ballads), vkj.;d (Greenwood Ballads) vls yksdfkkxhrps oxhzdj.k dsysys vkgs yksdlkfgr;kpk vh;kld dhvjp ;kus nksu Hkkxkr yksddfkkxhrkaps oxhzdj.k dsys vkgs-,d yksdxk;dkaph xhr (Minstrel Ballads) vkf.k nqljs ikjaikfjd yksddfkkxhrs (Traditional Ballads). MkW- izhkkdj ekams ;kauh dksvqafcd vkf.k lkekftd dfkkxhr]iksjkf.kd dfkkxhrs] Hkxrkaph nsorkaph dfkkxhrs] kks;kzred dfkkxhrs vls oxhzdj.k dsys vkgsyksddfkkxhrkaph ijaijk eksf[kd vkgs- ;kapk drkz vukfed vlrks- ;kr vk/;kfred vk k; :idkp;k Lo:ikr ek+amyk tkrks-;kr dfkkud vlwugh xs;rk vlrs vkf.k rs fof k V laxhr ok kapk vk/kkj?ksowu EgVys tkrs- ;kr dkgh pj.kkaph fdaok kcnkaph okjaokj iqujko`rrh gksr vlrs- fdaok ekxpk lewg rh djr vlrks- yksdxfkkxhr xk.kkjk yksdxk;d EgVyk tkrks- R;kph xk.;kph vkf.k gsy /kj.;kph fo ks k v kh i/nr vlrs vkf.k R;kph rh R;kus fodflr dsysyh vlrs- mnk- vkre;kyk jk?kksps Eg.kts kqdkps fdaok iksivkps :id ekuwu,d yksddfkkxhr lknj gksr vlrsvk;sdwu?ks ]ekg;k l[;k]jk?kks mmwu pkyyk fgjok T;kpk jax uko thokth ikoyk uo efgu;ke/kh fiatjk r;kj dsyk rhu ks lkb lkig;k tqgfoy;k JULY-AUG 2016, VOL-4/25 Page 2638

10 lksgk canh R;kl ykoys cgqr laxhu fiat&;ke/;s jk?kks jkt djrks vkuankua kahkj o kkzph eqnr R;kpk vkdkj Bjoyk fgjok T;kpk jax uko ftokth ikoyk- yksdxhr ewy;ekiu yksdxhrkrhy ewy;dyiuk R;k R;k lektkp;k vkf.k lald`rhp;k lkts kkp vlrkr- rlsp lksn;z dyiuk vkf.k Hkko:is gh tx.;k kh lacaf/krp vlrkr- dkj.k yksdxhrkauhp R;kaP;k Hkkoukauk vkf.k tx.;kyk vej dsys vkgs- gh yksdxhrs tjh vkuanklkbh] fojaxqgk Eg.kwu fdaok euksjatu Eg.kwu fdaok Je gyds Ogkos Eg.kwu xk;yh tkr vlyh rjh rh okm~e;hu n` V;k vkf.k ekuoh lald`rh laj{kd Eg.kwu vr;ar eksykph vkgsr- R;krhy lksn;z ewy;s] vkd kzd o fprros/kd v kh izfrekl` Vh] izrhds ] g`n;axe vkf.k Hkjkjh?ks.kk&;k dyiuk vkf.k rrdkyhu oklrokps fnysys Hkku gs egroiw.kz vlrkr- yksdxhrkph Hkk kk gh tjh yksdo;ogkjkph vlyh rjh R;kr,d psru; vkgs- Lor%pk ukn] Lor%ph,d vkarfjd y;] kcn] u`r; vkf.k laxhr vkf.k lewg,d= d:u lknj dj.;kph,d in/kr vkgsyksdxhr gs rrdkyhu oklrorsps vkf.k lkekftd] lkald`frdrsps /ku vkgs- ;k lanhkkzrhy Jh gtkjh izlknkaps er eyk vf/kd egrokps okvrs- dkj.k rs Eg.krkr dh ^ ykssdxhrkaps lkjs egro dsog R;kaP;k lksan;kziqjrsp e;kzfnr jkgr ukgh rj vktoj th fo kky lald`rh th fole`rhp;k leqnzkr cqmkyh gksrh frps mn~?kkvu dj.;kps eksykps dke ;k xhrkauh dsys vkgs*- Eg.kwu rj ex jfoznzuk Bkdwj ;kauhgh yksdxhrhaps okm~e;hu vkf.k foospukred vls ewy;ekiu dsys vkgs- nqxkzckbz Hkkxor rj ;k yksdxhrkap;kp dsog uogs rj vo?;k yksdlkfgr;kp;k izsekrp imy;k gksr;k- Hkyk eksbk vh;klkpk [kftuk R;kauk?kkoyk gksrk vls Eg.krk ;sbzyyksdxhr dkylkis{k vlk vorkj /kkj.k djhr vlrs- d/kh tqus y;kyk tkrs rj d/kh uohu mn;kyk ;srs- dkylkis{k jpuk] izfrek] izrhds ]nsors]:<h] ijaijk vkf.k pkfyjhrh fuekz.k gksrkr vkf.k R;kpk Lohdkj rrdkyhu yksdxhr vkiy;k dkgtkr lkbfoys vkf.k kcn]lwj]y;]u`r;]ukn] laxhr] izlax ;kapk vk/kkj?ksowu rs JULY-AUG 2016, VOL-4/25 Page 2639

11 uo;k :ikr uo;k fi<hiq<s okojr jkgrs-yksdxhrkrwu vusd yksddyk]yksdlald`rhps vkfne :Ik vkf.k yksdthou izokfgr jkgrs- ek.klkps tx.ks gs dkgk kh vkf.k dyka kh lacaf/kr vkgs- R;krwup thoukps izdvhdj.k ekuokus dsys vkgs- d/kh kcnkae/kwu O;Dr >kys rj d/kh izr;{k lknjhdj.kkrwu- R;kps gs lknjhdj.kkps osm rls Hkk ksp;k tuekiklwup;k vk/khpsp- rs ns[khy lewgke/;s lewgkp;k lkgk ;kus rks lrr O;Dr djr vkysyk vkgs- ek.kwl gk eqgkrp lektfiz; izk.kh vkgs- Eg.kwup ek.kwl gk Lolaj{k.kklkBh lewgkus jkgr vkyk vkgs- ek.klkus,d= jkg.;klkbh ijlijkae/;s vknku&iznkuklkbh vkpkj&fopkj] i/nrh Bjowu?ksrY;k- lkekftd ckaf/kydhps fu;e] f klrhps fu;e] usfrd fu;e] la?k kz >ky;kl?;ko;kp;k fu.kz;kps fu;e] J/nk] izdvhdj.kklkbh nsorkiwtu vkys- vknj] orzui/nrh oxsjs ekuokus ggwggw fuf pr dsys- ;krwup lald`rhpk mxe >kyk- Lolaj{k.k vkf.k jatu ;klkbh ek.klkus dysph vkjk/kuk ladsrkrwu] js kkd`rhea/kwu] d/kh /ouhap;k vkjksg vojksgkrwu rj d/kh lkn&izfrlknkap;k fuuknkrwu] d/kh gkohkkokap;k fofo/k vkfo dkjkarwu rj d/kh oulirh] izk.kh ;kap;k vo ks kkaiklwu r;kj dsysy;k ok karwu dsysyh vkgs- ek.klkus lrr dkgh uk dkgh fuferrkus vkiy;k eukph Hkk kk O;Dr dsyh- ex rs fuferr vlks ckgkp;k tuekps ukghrj,[kk k yxukps- vxnh dks.kkpk e`r;w >kyk rjh R;kus rs nq%[k d/kh yksdxhrkap;k ukghrj,[kk k fo/khp;k ek/;ekrwu ekamys- d/kh dks.kk,dkus rj d/kh lewgkus- R;k dyk rs laxhr fuekz.k d:u R;kauh rs eksf[kd i/nrhus iq<p;k fi<hdms ladzfer dsys- ;kr nj fi<hr dkgh lekfo V rj dkgh lair xsys- dkgkuq:ik R;k dyk] rs vkfo dkj vkdkj?ksr jkfgys- i.k vkiys ewg :Ik R;k dykauh] vkfo dkjkauh dyk tksikl.kk&;k yksdlewgkus u V gksow fnys ukgh- lanhkz xzafk 1- yksdlald`rhps mikld & MkW- jk-fp- <sjs 2- yksdlkfgr;kps Lo:i & MkW- izhkkdj ekams 3- yksdjaxhkweh & MkW- izhkkdj ekams 4- yksdegkhkkjr tkahkwg vk[;ku & l qjs k fp[kys 5- xksa/kg vfkkzr tkahkwg vk[;ku & x.ks k gkds JULY-AUG 2016, VOL-4/25 Page 2640

12 6- MkW- ljksftuh ckcj & tuyksdkapk lkeosn 7- ladyhr L=h xhrs 8- yksdlkfgr; Lo:Ik vkf.k kks/k & MkW- jk-fpa- <sjs 9- yksdlkfgr;kps ys.ks &ekyrhckbz nkamsdj 10- ejkbhpk eksgksj & uk- xks- ukankiwjdj 11- viks: ks; okm~-e; & deykckbz ns kikams 12- yksdlkfgr; Lo:Ik vkf.k foospu & MkW- iq: kksrre dkyhkwr 13- yksdlkfgr; n kzu & laiknd] MkW- vkj- ds- nsojs 14- ejkbh yksddfkkxhrs & MkW- fnxacj dqgd.khz 15- izkphu ejkbh xhr HkkaMkj & uk- x- tks kh 16- ejkbh yksdxhrs & MkW- ljksftuh ckcj 17- ^yksdlkfgr;kps var%izokg* & MkW- izhkkdj ekams 18- Yksdlafpr MkW-rkjk HkokGdj 19- yksdlkfgr;kph :ijs kk] izlrkouk- MkW-nqxkZckbZ Hkkxor 20- yksdlkfgr; laink & Jh u-jk- ksams 21- yksdlald rhph f{kfrts] izlrkouk & Jh jk-fpa-<sjs % 22- yksdca/k & MkW-vfuy lgl=cq/ns % 23- yksd okm~-e; % :Ik vkf.k Lo:Ik & MkW- kjn O;ogkjs 24- vkfnoklhaps l.k mrlo & ljksftuh ckcj- 25- ejkbhrhy L=h/ku& MkW-ljksftuh ckcj JULY-AUG 2016, VOL-4/25 Page 2641