HkkjrjRu MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj & ks{kf.kd dzkarhps iz.ksrs. izk-ch-ds- fluxkjs n-x-rvdjs egkfon;ky;] ek.kxkao & jk;xm-

Transkript

1 HkkjrjRu MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj & ks{kf.kd dzkarhps iz.ksrs izk-ch-ds- fluxkjs n-x-rvdjs egkfon;ky;] ek.kxkao & jk;xm- R4Z Scholarly Research Journal's is licensed Based on a work at izlrkouk % MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj ;kaps O;DrheRo cgqvk;keh o foykshkuh; gksrs- MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdjkauk vkysy;k gkyvis Bk] NG] frjldkj] vieku] >ky;keqgsp MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdjkauh vlkeku; cq/nherk] fo}rk izkir d:u o;kp;k 28 O;k o khz nyhrkap;k] ekuokapk mn~/kkj d:up ejsy v kh /;s; fu B o ekuorkoknh izfrkk d:up lkekftd dzkarh dj.;klkbh mmh?ksryh- 30]31es o 1 tqu 1920 jksth ukxiwj ;sfks N=irh kkgw egkjkt ;kap;k v/;{krs[kkyh vf[ky Hkkjrh; cfgld`r ifj kn Hkjyh gksrh- ;k ifj knsrhy Hkk k.k izhkkoh Bjys gksrs- lkekftd dzkarh vkiy;k izk.kkps cyhnku d:u?kmoqu vk.k.;kps lrdk;z dsysp ikfgts rls eh d:u nk[kfo.kkjp** v kh ohjo`rrh gksrh- MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj ;k egkekuokp;k lanhkkzr tso<s fygkos rso<s dehp vkgs- MkWvkacsMdjkauh rhu xq: ekuys gksrs- ijarq gs xq: lk/kq] csjkxh uogrs- ifgys xq: xksrecq/n] cq/nkaps fopkjp txkps dy;k.k d: kdrhy gs R;kauh vksg[kys gksrs- nqljs xq: Eg.kts lar dchj gks;- egrek gks.;klkbh vxksnj ek.kql Ogkos ykxsy gs fopkj R;kauk ivys gksrs- frljs xq: Eg.kts egkrekk T;ksfrck Qqys gks;- egkrek Qqysaps dk;z cgqtukalkbh gksrscgqtu lq/kkjyk rj lekt lq/kkjsy g;k fopkjkapk vkn kz R;kauh?ksryk gksrk- R;kaps dk;z laiq.kz lektklkbh gksrs- MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj gs izxk< fo}rsps] izxk< cqfn~/kersps izxk< drzrokps fo ooa egkiq: k vkgsr- vk/kqfud fokku ;qxkrhy ekuoh eqy;s vkiy;k vlkeku; vkre kdrhus rstksof/kzr dj.kkjs] vkiy;k vfle dr`zrokus Hkkjrkykp uogs rj laiq.kz txkykgh FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 Page 4791

2 ftad.;kph egku izkk jk[k.kkjs MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj- MkW- vkacsmdjkapk tue vli` ; dqvwckar >ky;keqgs R;kauk okx.kqdhpk izr;{k vuqhko?ksryk vkgs- vkiy;k thouke/;s nq%[k Dys k] O;Fkk] nkfjnz; ;kauh iksgysy;k nhu nqcy;k] jaty;k xkatysy;k tursoj mnkur ân;krhy ve`rkps flapu d:u] R;kauk muurhps o izxrhps ekukps thou tx.;kl] muur o izxr dj.kkjs egku dzkarhpk lriq: k U;k;] lerk ca/kqro jk[kwu jk Vª cy kkyh dj.;klkbh izka.kkph iokz u djrk usgehlkbh ifjorzu dj.kkjs MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj- ns kkr lektdzkarh] /kezdzkarh] ks{kf.kd] iks kd] vkffkzd dzkarh?kmoqu vk.k.kkjs] iks kd lersp;k o U;k; gddkap;k lektlrrkoknkph yksd kkgh fufezrhps vk iz.ksrs gks;- dzkarh Eg.kts dk;\ dzkarh dk gksrs\ dzkarhpk ifj.kke dk; vlrks\ frp;krwu dks.krk mn~ns k lqy gksrks- dzkarh gh kkarrke; vlq kdrs fdaok jdrjaftr gh vlq kdrsdks.kr;kgh dzkarheqgs vlrhrokr vlysy;k ifjflfkrhr] jpusr cny djrs fdaok uohu jpuk r;kj dj.ks] ufou ladyiuk lektkr :tfo.ks gkp mns~n k vlrks- kkarrke; dzkarh gh nh?kzdkg pky.kkjh izdzh;k vlrs- rh lqy ; kloh fujarj jkg.;klkbh ekulkaph eus o ân;s ;kaps lgdk;z egroiw.kz vlrs- T;k dzkarhps ifj.kke fdoak?kmwu vkysys cny dk;eps fvd.kj ulrhy rj R;k dzkarhyk dzkarh Eg.k.ks ;ksx; ukgh- MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdjkap;k ers] ^^dzkarh gh,d v kh vr;ar egrokph vkf.k vko ;d ekuoh kdrh vkgs dh ftp;kr bfrgkl?kmfo.;kph {kerk vkgs-** FkksMD;kr dzkarh Eg.kts lektthoukrhy vlk fo/kk;d cny dh] tks lektkps jkuvh izo`rrhdmwu ekuorsdms vkf.k fgalsdmwu kkarrke; lgthoukdms cny?kmowu vk.krks- lkekftd muurh gsp ekuo lektkrhy dzkarhps eqyro vkgs- dkgkuqlkj] ifjflfkrhuqlkj lektkr cny?kmwu vk.k.ks vr;ar vko ;d vkgs- dzkarhe/kwu Lokra«;] lerk] ca/kqhkko ;k rrokoj vk/kkjysyh lq/kkj.kk Hkkjrh; lektkr?kmoqu vk.kko;kph gksrh- izkphu Hkkjr Eg.ktsp vr;kpkj figo.kqd vu;k;kph Hkweh gksrh- mnk- egkjk Vªkrhy is kokbz Eg.ktsp rfkkdffkr mppo.khz; czkaã.kkaps jkt; gksrs- fganw /kekzyk lkekftd lekurk eku; uogrhfo kerk gkp fganqrokpk vkrek gksrk- FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 Page 4792

3 ks{kf.kd dzkarh %& f k{k.k vkf.k lekt ;kaps vrqv ukrs vkgs- f k{k.k gkp lektkp;k lkald`frd cnyklkbh vk/kkj vkgs- ckcklkgsckaps f k{k.k fo k;d fparu gh R;kaP;k thoukr lkrr;kus pkyysyh izdzh;k gksrh- R;kaP;k ers] lkekftd lerk vkf.k Lokra«; ;kaps laj{k.k dj.;klkbh vko ;d vl.kkjh kdrh Eg.ktsp f k{k.k gks;- rlsp O;DrhLokra«; vck/khr jk[k.;klkbh vkf.k R;kaP;k j{k.kklkbh ykx.kkjh kdrh gh f k{k.kkrwup fegrs- vlk O;kid n` Vhdksu gksrk- f k{k.kkrwup lektifjorzukpk ekxz r;kj gksr vlrks- fof k V rrokku ekam.;klkbh fofo/k iqlrds] xzafkkpk vh;kl djkok ykxrks- Eg.kwu R;kauh [kqi vh;kl dsyk- R;kauh vh;klklkbh togikl 20 gtkj iqlrds fodr?ksryh gksrhckcklkgsckauk vfhkiszr vl.kkjh Kkukp ladyiuk vk k;o;kid o vkn kz v kh vkgsfo k] izkk] d:.kk] khy o es=h ;k iaprokuqlkj izr;sdkus vkiys dk;z djkosfo scjkscjps vkiy;ke/;s khy ikfgts- khykf kok; fo k dkgh dkekph ukgh- fo k gh ryokjhlkj[kh vkgs- Kku Eg.ktsp izdk k gk izdk k lkekftd] vkffkzd jktfd; dzkarhpk vk/kkj >kyk ikfgts- f k{k.k gk kks k.keqdrhpk ekxz vkgs- lektkrhy kksf kr] fimhr] oafpr lekt?kvd o fl=;k ;kap;k nsu;ko;olfksoj mik; Eg.ktsp f k{k.k vkgsrlsp f k{k.k Eg.kts lektkrhy loz lektklkbh Lokoyacukph vkreluekukph pgog vkgs- lerkf/kf Br] eqy;kf/kf Br o fufreku lekt gh ; kloh yksd kkghph iqozvv vlqu rs laldkj QDr f k{k.kkrwup fegw kdrkrfuj{krsp;k izek.kkfo k;h fpark d:u Eg.krkr dh] ;k fuj{krsus tursyk ekufldn` V;k xqyke] vkffkzdn` V;k nfjnzh] lkald`frdn` V;keqGs ikaxgs o lkekftdn` V;k ekxklysys dsys vkgs- R;kaph ks{kf.kd /kksj.ks vfr k; egroiw.kz Bjysyh vkgsr- eqacbz fo kihb flusv] eqacbz fo/kheamg egkjkt;ikykph ea=hifj kn] jkt;?kvuk ifj kn] yksdlhkk ;kfo k;h vh;kliqoz lghkkx?ksryk gksrk- ks{kf.kd izlkj o vko ;drk] izkfkfed f k{k.k mppf k{k.k] la kks/ku] O;olk;] ra=f k{k.k] osxosxg;k izdkjp;k fodklkps fu;kstu ;klkj[;k fofo/k Lrjkar R;kauh fopkj ekamysys vkgsr- ks{kf.kd fo kersps eqg lkekftd o vkffkzd fo kersr vkgs- FkksMD;kr lekt tso<k tklrkhr tklrk lk{kj] lqf kf{kr gksbzy rso<h FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 Page 4793

4 R;k lektkph o ns kkph izxrh yodj gksbzy- R;kauh fiiyl,t;qds ku lkslk;vhps vusd egkfo ky;s LFkkiu dsysyh vkgsr- ckcklkgsckauh vkiy;k ks{kf.kd lalfksrhy egkfo ky;kauk Lor%P;k dqvwackrhy O;Drhps ukos fnyh ukghr- rj fl/nkfkz] fefyan v kh ukos fnyh vkgsr- rlsp vksjaxkcknp;k ifjljkl ukxlsu ou uko fnys vkgs- gh ukos yksd kkgh] fopkjlokra«;] fpfdrlk o izkekf.kd cks/nhd oknfooknkph izfrds vkgsr- MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdjkauh vfr k; egrokpk eqn~nk lektkiq<s ekamyk gksrk rks lxg;kukp leku i/nrhus ykxw gks.kkjk gksrk- R;kaP;k ers lekt tso<k tklrhr tklr lk{kj] lqf kf{kr gksbzy rso<h R;k lektkph o ns kkph izxrh yodj gksbzy- vlekurk] vlqjf{krk gh fuj{kjrsrwu tuekyk ;srs- rh loz izfke?kkyoyh ikfgts- R;kdkGh Hkkjrkrhy fuj{kjrsps izek.k izpam gksrs- yksdkauk f k{k.kkps egro dgysys uogrs- iajijk] :<h] tkr] ikr ;kap;k tks[kmke/;s Lor%yk cafnlr d:u?ks.kkú;k lektkyk HkforO;kpk fopkjp y{kkr ;sr uogrk- ckcklkgsckauh lokzr izfke R;kaP;k vkanksyukph lq:okr djrkuk R;kaP;k vuq;k;kuk f k{k.kkps egro ivowu fnys- f k{k.kkph dkl /kjk o O;lukpk R;kx djk vlk Qkj eksbk lans k R;kauh fnyk gksrk- vkiys vuq;k;h f kf{kr vlys ikfgts- R;kauk txke/;s pkyysy;k fdaok lektkry;k?kmkeksmhps Kku >kys ikfgts- vkiy;k HkforO;kps vki.kp lk{khnkj vlys ikfgtsfiiyl,t;qds ku lkslk;vhph fefyan egkfo ky;kp;k f kyku;klkp;k osgh ckcklkgsc Eg.krkr& ^fganw lektkp;k vxnh [kkyp;k Fkjkrwu vky;keqgs f k{k.kkps egro fdrh vkgs gs eh tk.krks- [kkyp;k lektkph muurh dj.;kpk iz u vkffkzd vly;kps ekurkr- i.k gs pqd vkgs- dkj.k nfyr lektkph muurh dj.ks Eg.kts R;kaP;k vuu ol=] fuokú;kph lks; d:u iwohzizek.ks R;kauk mppoxkzph lsok dj.;kl Hkkx ikm.ks uogs- [kkyp;k oxkzph izxrh ek:u R;kauk nqlú;kps xqyke Ogkos ykxr vly;keqgs R;kaP;kr fuekz.k gks.kkjk U;quxaM ukgh kk dj.ks gsp [kjs f k{k.kkps /;s; vkgs- vkep;k loz lkekftd nq%[k.;koj mppf k{k.k gsp,deso vks k/k vkgs- & FkksMD;kr ckcklkgsckauk mppf k{k.kk}kjs lerk Lokra«; ca/kqro gh ekuohewy; Lohdkjysyk,d LokHkhekuh vk/kqfud lekt fuekz.k djk;pk gksrk- ks{kf.kd pgoghpk gkp [kjk eqyk/kkj gksrk- FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 Page 4794

5 & fo kihbkp;k izfrfu/khlhksr ekxkloxhz; lnl;kauk LFkku fegkys ikfgts- izfrfu/kh lhkk gh dk;ns cufo.kkjh lalfkk vkgs- & 19 tqu 1950 e/;s vksjaxkckne/;s fefyan egkfo ky;kp;k :ikus ejkbokm;kr mpp f k{k.kkph th eqgwrz es< jksoyh- gsp ckcklkgsckps eguh; ks{kf.kd dk;z mppdksvhps vkgs- ;keqgsp ejkbok<;kp;k ks{kf.kd] lkekftd] lkald`frd thouke/;s ifjorzu]?kmfo.kkjk,d bfrgkl fuekz.k dsyk vkgs- & ckcklkgsckauh vkiy;k ks{kf.kd lalfksyk Lor%P;k dqvwackrhy O;Drhps ukos fnyh rj fl/nkfkz] fefyan o vksjaxkcknp;k ifjljkl ukxlsuou uko fnys- gh ukos yksd kkgh] fopkjlokra«;] fpfdrlk o izkekf.kd cks/nhd oknfooknkph izfrds vkgsino;k izkirhp;k ijkdze %& 20 O;k krdkp;k lq:okrhp;k rhu n kdkr vkf.k ijns kkrhy fo kihbkp;k,dkis{kk,d Js B ino;k izkir djhr MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj ;kauk mppfo kfohkq khr gks.;kps vxnh egkkkuh gks.;kps HkkX; fegfoys- f k{k.kkpk okjlk R;kaP;k?kjke/kwup fegkyk gksrk- Eg.ktsp lqf kf{kr o lqald`r dqvwackr tue >kyk gksrk- HkkX; kkyh Eg.kwup MkWckcklkgsc vkacsmdj ;kauk firk Eg.kwu eq[;k/;kid o lqald`r vlysys lqhksnkj ykhkys gksrs- lsfudh kkgsr f k{k.k?ksry;keqgsp ospkfjd o lkald`frd ifjorzu?kmys vkgsvktksck ekyksthjko baxzth jktlrrsp;k lsu;kr f kikbz gksrs- R;kauh jkekuan iafkkph nh{kk?ksryh gksrh- ;k iafkkuqlkj R;kaps vkpj.k kqn~/k o mpp gksrsdkg] LFkG] o ifjflfkrh gs rhu?kvd fopkjkr?ksrys rj vkacsmdjkauh f k{k.k {ks=kr izkir dsysy;k ino;k Eg.kts,d ijkdzep vkgs- f k{k.k {ks=krhy lgk ino;k b-l rs 1923 ;k ngk o kkzp;k dkyko/khr eqacbz U;w;kWdZ vkf.k yamu ;k rhu fbdk.kkgwu izkir dsy;k vkgsr- - B.A. eaqcbz ;sfkhy,fyqulvu dkwyste/;s 1913 e/;s ch-,-ifj{kk mfrr.kz >kyseqacbz fo kihbkph ch-,- gh inoh izkir dj.;kpk eku fegfoyk- - M.A. - vesfjdsr U;w;kWdZ ;sfkhy dksyafc;k fo kihbkph,e-,- mrrh.kz 2 tqu 1915 mpp izxrh izkir dsyh- 9 es 1916 jksth dksyafc;k fo kihbkr lekt kkl=kps izk/;kid MkW- xksymu ok;tj ;kap;k ekxzn kzuk[kkyh ekuooa k kkl= ;k fo k;kp;k FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 Page 4795

6 >kysy;k ppkzl=kr ^Hkkjrkrhy tkrh R;kaph jpuk] mrirrh vkf.k o`n~/kh* ;k fo k;koj kks/kys[k lknj dsyk gkp izca/k 1917 e/;s es efgu;kr Indian Antiquery ;k ekfldkr izdkf kr >kyk-,e-,- inohlkbh izkphu Hkkjrh; O;kikj ;k fo k;koj y?kqizca/k fygyk gksrk- rlsp ih-,p-mh- lkbh ^Hkkjrkpk jk Vªh; ykhkka k% bfrgklkred o fo ys k.kkred v/;;u*;k fo k;koj ih-,p-mh- fegfoyh- Ph.D.,e-,- >ky;kuarj dksyafc;k fo kihbkus izca/kkp;k vk/kkjs 8 tqu 1927 jksth ih-,p-mh- gh mpp inoh fegkyh- rlsp MkWDVjsV gh vrr;qpp inoh okij.;kl ijokuxh fnyh- Ph.D. izca/k ^fczfv k Hkkjrkrhy izkarh; vfkzo;olfksph mrdzkarh* ;k fo k;koj ih-,lfdax vw.m daiuh] yamu ;k daiuhus 1925 e/;s izdkf kr dsyk-,e-,llh- P;k inohlkbh vkiyk izca/k lknj dsy;kuarj MkW- vkacsmdjkauh The problem of the Rupee :i;kpk iz u ;k ukopk izca/k yamu fo kihbkr izk-,mfot dwuu ;kap;k vuqerhus 1922 e/;s lknj dsyk- M.Sc & D.Sc. yamu Ldwy vkwq bdkwukwfedl vw.m ikwfyfvdy lk;ul izos k?ksryk- Hkkjrh; vfkzo;olfksps izkarh; fodsanzh dj.k y?kqizca/k r;kj dsyk- baxyme/;s yamu fo kihbkph,e-,ll-lh- gh ifj{kk mrrh.kz dlu 1921 e/;s inoh izkir dsyh- R;kuarj Mh-,Ll- lh- vr;qpp inohlkbh izca/k lknj d:u 1923 e/;s gh inoh izkir dsyh- Bar-at Law & Barrister - yamu ;sfkhy oklro; djrkuk xzst bu ¼dk;nkfo k;d f k{k.k lalfkk½ e/kwu MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj ;kauh ckj vwdv&ykw gh dk;n;kph lokszpp cwfjlvj inoh fegkyh vkgs-,y-,y- Mh- o Mh- fyv & MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdjkauk 5 twu 1952 jksth vesfjdsrhy U;w;kWdZ ;sfks dksyafc;k fo kihbkph,y-,y-mh- izfr Bsps inoh iznku d:u izfr Bk fegohyh- FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 Page 4796

7 Rklsp vka/kzins kkrhy gsnzkckn ;sfks mlekkfu;k fo kihbkus fn- 12 tkusokjh 1953 jksth Mh- fyv gh lokszpp inoh iznku d:u lekjahkiqozd xksjfoys- ftkklw okpd o xzafklaxzkgd %& MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj gs mpp dksvhps okpd o xzafklaxzkge gksrs- vh;klkf kok; R;kauk brjgh osxosxg;k fo k;kojps iqlrds tek dj.;kpk o okpu;kpk Nan gksrk- R;kaps xq:o;z dksgqldj ljkpk izhkko imysyk gksrk- usgeh okpr jkg.ks gk R;kapk vkuankpk vkf.k vusd izdkjps Kku fegfo.;kpk vfr k; vkomrk ekxz gksrk- izr;sd fbdk.kh osg fegsy rsogk osxosxg;k ns kkap;k bfrgklkps xzafk dko;kph iqlrds] ukvdkaph iqlrds] dkancjh] Vhdsps xzafk okpysys vkgs- iqlrds okpy;kuarj fvi.ks] dk<wu fparu euu djhr gksrsizkeq[;kus brj xks Vhr bdmsfrdms osg ok;k?kkyfo.;kis{kk R;kauk xzafkky;kr xzafkkps okpu dj.;kr osg?kkyfo.ks vkomr vlr- R;kaP;klkBh xzafkky; gs Fkdok?kkymu mrlkgh gks.;kps o Kku ok<fo.;kps je.kh; LFkku gksrs- R;kauk gos vl.kkjs iqlrds ofmykap;k lgdk;kzeqgs R;kapk xzafklaxzg ok<rp xsyk vkgs- Lor%ps,d mrre izdkjps xzafkky; vlkos vls usgeh okvk;ps- R;klkBh R;kuk tqus] ufou iqlrds fodr?kmu xzafklaxzg ksovi;zar djhr jkfgys- vkiyh Lej.k kdrh ok<fo.;klkbh okpud:u uoufou Kku fegfor xsysf k{k.k?ks.ks] Kku fegfo.ks] vkiy;k o lektkp;k izxrhlkbh R;k Kkukpk mi;ksx dj.ks gk R;kapk LoHkko cuysyk gksrk- R;ke/kwup MkW- ckcklkgsc egku jk VªHkDr] fgarfpard Bjys- osxosxg;k fo k;klaca/khps fo ks kkku lnso mi;ksxh imkos Eg.kwu rs Kku xzafk:ikus dsys vkgs- vusd xzafkkps izdk ku dsys vkgslkjka k %& txke/;s lozxq.klaiuu ekuo vkiy;k egku drz`rokeqgs] ekuorsps dy;k.k lk/k.kkjs] Js B o /ks;kzus] kks;kzeqgs] vi; kkoj ekr d:u ns kfgrkp;k lgdk;kzr fot;h gksmu egkekuo fl/n >kys vkgsr- MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj Eg.kts ewfrzear KkuHkkaMkj gksrsvkiy;k ns kkoj furkar izse dj.kkjs jk VªHkDr gksrs- O;Drhis{kk vkiys jk Vª eksbs vls ekuukjs KkukFkhZ gksrs- gs ns kkps vfhkekuklin Hkw k.kp gksrs- MkW- vkacsmdj gs vr;ar FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 Page 4797

8 LokfHkekuh usrk gksrs- gk LokfHkeku R;kau kkshkwu fnl.kkjk jrutmhr vyadkj gksrk- MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdjkauh ftíhus] fpdkvhus iz;ru o d Vkus f k{k.k?ksry;keqgsp ks{kf.kd dzkarh d: kdys vkgs- ;k ks{kf.kd dzkarhps Qk;ns laiq.kz ekuotkr?ksr vkgs- ks{kf.kd] vkffkzd lkekftd dzkarh?kmowu vk.kyh- ;k osxosxg;k dzkar;k txkrhy lokzr eksbh fu% kl= dzkarh Eg.kwu vksg[krkr- lozp dzkarhe/;s kkarrk vkgs- vkacsmdjkauh f kdk la?kvhr Ogk vlk eqyea= fnyk gksrk- i.k lekt la?kvhr gks.;k,soth QqVhj izo`rrh fnolsafnol ok<r pkyyh vkgs- jkt;dkjhkkj tks i;zar cgqtukap;k gkrkr ;sr ukgh rks i;zar laiq.kz fodkl gksm kdr ukgh- izr;sd?kjkae/;s ejkbh vko`rrhph jkt;?kvuk vlkoh- T;kyk lektkr dk;n;kps Kku vkgs- R;kpkp eku vkgs- FkksMD;kr ckcklkgsckap;k ers& vkiyk Hkfo ;dkg mtoy?kmfo.;klkbh orzeku dkgkrhy lq[kkapk o xjtkapk R;kx dsyk ikghts- R;kaps fopkj vkpj.kkr vk.k.ks dkgkph xjt vkgs- rjp [kú;k vfkkzus ckcklkgsc letys vls gksbzy- lanhkz MkW- vkacsmdj & kkarrke; lkekftd dzkarhps iz.ksrs MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj ;kaps lkekftd fopkj & kadjjko [kjkr MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj ;kaph xktysyh Hkk k.ks iq.; yksd & MkW- vkacsmdj FEB-MAR, 2017, VOL. 4/20 Page 4798