brj ekxkloxhz; vkf.k tux.kuk ek/kqjh vuarjko Hkkejs] fvgd f k{k.k kkl= egkfo ky;] iq.ks& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

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Jøran Jakobsen
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Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2016 = 6.17, www.srjis.com UGC Approved Sr. No.49366, NOV-DEC 2017, VOL- 4/37 brj ekxkloxhz; vkf.k tux.

1 Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN , SJIF 2016 = 6.17, UGC Approved Sr. No.49366, NOV-DEC 2017, VOL- 4/37 brj ekxkloxhz; vkf.k tux.kuk ek/kqjh vuarjko Hkkejs] fvgd f k{k.k kkl= egkfo ky;] iq.ks& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1- izlrkouk tux.kuk Eg.kts,dk Bjkfod dkyko/khr fof k V izns kkrhy yksdla[;sph dj.;kr ;s.kkjh eksst.kh gks;-,dk Bjkfod yksdla[;sph ekfgrh i/nr khji.ks ladfyr d:u uksan Bso.;kph,d i/nr khj izfdz;k Eg.kt tux.kuk gks;- tux.kuk lk/kkj.ki.ks izr;sd ngk o kkzauh dsyh tkrs- Hkkjrkr vk/kqfud i/nrhus o i/nr khji.ks tux.kusyk lq:okr 1865 vkf.k 1872 ;k o kkzae/;s Hkkjrkrhy dkgh izns kke/;s >kyh gk tux.kuspk iz;ru Hkkjrkrhy ifgyh tux.kuk Eg.kwu letyk tkrks- R;kuarj 1981 pk nqljh tux.kuk >kyh- v kk izdkjs nj ngk o kkzauh Hkkjrkr tux.kuk dsyh tkrs e/;s tux.kuk Hkkjrkrhy 15 oh tux.kuk gksrh- lu 2012 e/;s gks.kkjh tux.kuk gh 16 oh tux.kuk vlsytux.kusonkjs yksdla[;sph vfr k; egrokph xq.kosf k V;kaph (Population Characteristic) ekfgrh izkir gksrs- ;k ekfgrhe/;s vkffkzd dk;zdze] lk{kjrk o f k{k.k] fuokjk vkf.k?kjxqrh lk/kus] kgjhdj.k] tuunj o e`r;wnj] vuqlwfpr tkrh o vuqlwfpr tekrh] Hkk kk] /kez] LFkykarj] v{kerk vkf.k yksdla[;sfo k;h brj lkekftd o lkald`frd ekfgrhpk lekos k gksrks- tux.kusonkjs izkir ekfgrh ns kkrhy yksdla[;sckcrpk egrokpk,deso izkfkfed L=ksr letyk tkrks- ;k tux.kusonkjs izkir ekfgrheqgs yksdla[;srhy fofo/k?kvdkaph l flfkrh dgrs o ;k ekfgrhpk mi;ksx fu;kstu o /kksj.k fuf prhlkbh dsyk tkrks- jkt; o jk Vªh; ikrgojhy fodkl ;kstukps fu;kstu o /kksj.k Bjfo.;klkBh dsyk tkrks- 2- Hkkjrkrhy tkrhfugk; tux.kuk % 1872 iklwu Hkkjrkr tux.kuk lq: >kyh- Hkkjrkr 1931 ;k o khz ksovph loz tkrhfugk; tux.kuk >kyh- R;kuarj rh can dj.;kr vkyh iklwu QDr vuqlwfpr tkrh vkf.k vuqlwfpr tekrhaph tkrhfugk; tux.kuk dsyh tkrs vkf.k R;kuqlkj njo khz R;kaP;k fodklklkbh jkt; o jk Vªh; vfkzladyikr R;kaP;k yksdla[;sp;k izek.kkr fu/kh jk[kwu Bsoyk tkrks- ¼gjh ujds & vkschlh jktdkj.k½ ph tux.kuk o brj ekxkloxhz;kaph yksdla[;k% 1931 P;k ksovp;k loz tkrfugk; ;k tux.kusp;k vk/kkjs eamy vk;ksxkus tkrhfugk; o /kkfezd izfrfu/khrokpk ri khy r;kj dsyk o R;kuqklj brj ekxkloxhz;kaph yksdla[;k 52 VDds,o<h gksrh-

2 8676 dks Vd dz 1 % Hkkjrkrhy tkrh o /kekzuqlkj yksdla[;sps izek.k v-dz- tkrh@/kekzps uko,dw.k yksdla[;sph VDdsokjh 1 vuqlwfpr tkrh o vuqlwfpr tekrh d&1 vuqlwfpr tkrh d&2 vuqlwfpr tekrh 7-51 ^d*,dw.k ¼2½ fcxj fganw laiznk;] /kkfezd lewg br;knh [k&1 eqlyhe ¼vuqlwfpr tekrh lksmwu½ [k&2 f[kz pu ¼vuqlwfpr tekrh lksmwu½ 2-16 [k&3 kh[k ¼vuqlwfpr tkrh@tekrh lksmwu½ 1-67 [k&4 cks/n ¼vuqlwfpr tekrh lksmwu½ 0-67 [k&5 tsu 0-47 ^[k*,dw.k ¼3½ izxr fganw tkrh o laiznk; x&1 czkeg.k ¼Hkwehgkj lfgr½ 5-52 x&2 jktiwr 3-90 x&3 ejkbk 2-21 x&4 tkv 1-00 x&5 os ;] cfu;k] br;knh 1-88 x&6 dk;lfk 1-07 x&7 brj izxr fganw tkrh o lewg 2-00 ^x*,dw.k ^d*] ^[k*] ^x* ph,dw.k csjht fganw ekxkl tkrh o laiznk; brj ekxkloxkzr ;s.kkú;k tkrh fcxj fganw ekxkloxz fcxj fganw ekxkloxhz; 8-40,dw.k brj ekxkloxhz; L=ksr % eamy vk;ksx vgoky 4- brj ekxkloxhz; yksdla[;k vankt % 1931 P;k ksovp;k loz tkrhfugk; tux.kusuqlkj brj ekxkl oxhz;kaph yksdla[;sph vkdmsokjh eamy vk;ksxkus 1988 e/;s vkschlhap;k yksdla[;spk vankt Bjfo.;klkBh okijyh gksrh- R;kuqlkj brj ekxkloxhz;kaph yksdla[;k 52 VDds ekuyh gksrh- R;kuarj cú;kposgk brj ekxkloxhz;kap;k yksdla[;sph

3 8677 ekfgrh miyc/k uly;kus R;kauk vkj{k.kkps ;ksx; Qk;ns ns.ks VkGys tkr gksrs o vktgh VkGys tkr vkgsbrj ekxkloxhz;kap;k yksdla[;spk vpwd vankt?ks.;klkbh jk Vªh; uewuk lozs{k.k lalfkk] jk Vªh; dksvwafcd vkjksx; lalfkk ;kap;k vgokykapk vk/kkj?ks.;kr vkyk vkf.k R;kph rqyuk Hkkjrh; tux.kusp;k 2001 o 2011 cjkscj dj.;kr vkyh vkf.k rh [kkyhy dks Vdkr fnyh vkgsdks Vd dz 2% Hkkjrkrhy izkekf.kd izoxkzp;k yksdla[;sph rqyuk ekfgrhps L=ksr,llh,lVh vkschlh brj jk Vªh; uequk losz{k.k 61 oh Qsjh ¼2004&5½ jk Vªh; uequk losz{k.k 62 oh Qsjh ¼2005&6½ jk Vªh; dksvwafcd vkjksx; lozs{k.k III ¼2005&6½ ljdkj losz{k.k 2006& Hkkjrh; tux.kuk & 75-6 Hkkjrh; tux.kuk & 74-8 *brj Eg.kts Hkkjrkrhy lozlk/kkj.k izoxkzrhy brj ekxkloxhz; izoxkzlg tula[;k L=ksr % jk Vªh; uequk lozs{k.k vgoky 61 oh Qsjh ¼2004&05½] jk Vªh; uequk lozs{k.k vgoky 62 oh Qsjh ¼2005&06½] jk Vªh; dksvwafcd vkjksx; lozs{k.k vgoky III ¼2005&06½] Hkkjrh; tux.kuk 2001] Hkkjrh; tux.kuk 2011] VkbZEl vkwq bafm;k & 1 livsacj 2007 dks Vd dz 2 o:u vls y{kkr ;srs dh] jk Vªh; uequk lozs{k.k 2004&05] jk Vªh; uequk lozs{k.k 2005&06 vkf.k jk Vªh; dksvwafcd vkjksx; lozs{k.k vgoky ¼2005&06½,llh izoxkzrhy yksdla[;sps izek.k vuqdzes VDds] VDds vkf.k VDds vkgs- rlsp 2001 P;k tux.kusuqlkj gs izek.k 16-2 VDds vkgs o 2011 P;k tux.kusuqlkj 16-6 VDds vkgs Eg.ktsp jk Vªh; lalfkkapk vankt o 2001 o 2011 P;k,llh izoxkzp;k yksdla[;se/;s Qkj deh Qjd vkgsgk Qjd vusdfo/k?kvdkaeqgs imyk vlsy- ijarq jk Vªh; uequk lozs{k.k QsÚ;k o jk Vªh; vkjksx; lozs{k.k ;kap;kuqlkj,llh tula[;k o,lvh tula[;k ;kaps vankt vpwd vkgsr ghp ckc vkschlh yksdla[;sckcrgh ykxw gksbzy- jk Vªh; uequk lozs{k.k Qssjh 61 o 62] jk Vªh; dksvwafcd vkjksx; lozs{k.k vgoky III ¼2005&06½ ;kap;k brj ekxkloxhz;ph yksdla[;k lk/kkj.ki.ks 41 VDds vkgseamy vk;ksxkp;k ers vkschlhaph yksdla[;k 52 VDds vkgs rj jk Vªh; uequk lozs{k.kkuqlkj ns kkr vkschlhaph yksdla[;k 41 VDds vkgs- ;k rqkorhps dkj.k vls vkgs dh] eamy vk;ksxkus 3743 tkrhaph vkschlh Eg.kwu ekstnkn dsyh vlyh rjh lokzspp U;k;ky;kus QDr 1963 tkrhukap vkschlh Eg.kwu

4 8678 eku;rk fnyh vkgseamy vk;ksxkp;k f kqkj khauk eku;rk nsrkuk lokzspp U;k;ky;kus eamy ;knhrhy 3743 tkrhauk brj ekxkloxhz;kae/;s ljldv lekfo V u djrk jkt;kp;k ;knhr o eamyp;k ;knhr nksughdms lekos k vl.kkú;k tkrhaukp rso<h vkschlh Eg.kwu eku;rk fnyh vkgs- ¼bafnjk lgkuh fuokmk 16 uksogsacj 1992½ Eg.ktsp R;krhy 1963 tkrhaukp vkschlh Eg.kwu eku;rk fnyh vkgs- xsy;k dkgh o kkzr ;k ;knhe/;s lqekjs 200 tkrhaph Hkj imwu gh la[;k ok<ysyh vkgs- rfkkfi rhgh yksdla[;kgh jk Vªh; uequk lozs{k.kkr vkysyh ukgh- 5- egkjk Vªkrhy brj ekxkloxhz;kap;k yksdla[;spk vankt% jk Vªh; uequk losz{k.k ¼62 oh Qsjh½ egkjk Vªkrhy brj ekxkl oxhz;kaph vankts yksdla[;k lqekjs 32 VDds vkgs lkyh egkjk Vªkr eamy vk;ksx ykxw >kyk rsogk egkjk VªkP;k vkschlh ;knhr 201 tkrh vly;k rjh R;krhy 28 tkrh oxg.;kr vky;k gksr;k- ;k f kyyd 173 tkrhap;k ;knhr uarjp;k dkgkr uo;kus 173 tkrhaph Hkj imwu vkt gh la[;k nqiiv Eg.kts 346 >kyh vkgs- jk Vªh; uequk lozs{k.kkr ek= vk/khp;k QDr 173 tkrhp vkysy;k vkgsrrlsp egkjk Vªkr HkVD;k foeqdrkaph Lora= lwph vlwu R;kr vlysy;k vkf.k fo ks k ekxklizoxz ;k?kvdkr vlysy;k tkrh ;k lokzaph,dw.k la[;k 410 oj tkrsdks Vd dz 3% egkjk Vªkrhy brj ekxkloxhz;kp;k yksdla[;spk vankt,llh,lvh vkschlh brj jk Vªh; uequk losz{k.k ¼62 oh Qsjh½ 2005&06 jk Vªh; uequk losz{k.k &07 tux.kuk L=ksr %jk Vªh; uequk losz{k.k ¼62 oh Qsjh½ uqlkj dks Vd dz 2 o:u Hkkjrkr l/;k vkschlhaph yksdla[;k 41 rs 52 VDds i;zar vlwu egkjk Vªkr gh yksdla[;k lqekjs 52 VDds vkgs- dsanz ljdkjs 2011 P;k tux.kuse/;s vkschlhaph tkrfugk; tux.kuk dj.;kps Bjfoys gksrs- R;kuqlkj fouk isij lozs{k.k dsys xsys- ijarq v ki ;k vkschlh tkrfugk; tux.kuspk vgoky kklukus izdkf kr dsyk ukgh- ;kekxps dkj.k vukdyuh; vkgs- dsjg jkt;kr dkw- uacqnzhikn eq[;ea=h vlrkuk jkt; Lrjkoj tkrfugk; tux.kuk >kyh vkgs- ¼Jko.k nsojs & la?k kz ikvhz½ v kk izdkjph tkrfugk; tux.kuk iqjksxkeh egkjk Vªkr 2021 gksbzy-

5 brj ekxkloxhz;kap;k tkrfugk; tux.kuse/;s xjt o egro% Hkkjrkr fyaxhkko] oxz vkf.k tkr gh i{kikrkph vkf.k kks k.kkph rhu izeq[k dsanz vkgsr- brj ekxkloxhz; gk fuekz.kdrkz lekt vkgs- ckjcyqrsnkj vkf.k vbjk vyqrsnkjkapk cuysyk gk dk:] uk: lekt vkgs- ;kr ukukfo/k dks ky;kaph tknw vl.kkjs gs yksd ^^ kqnz** x.kys tkr vlys rjh ;krhy vusd tkrh Lor%yk mpp ekur vkysy;k vkgsr- Hkkjrh; tkrho;olfksps czkeg.k] {kf=; vkf.k os ; gs rhu ykhkkfkhz vkgsr- kqnz] vfr kqnz vkf.k loz L=h;k ;k O;oLFksps cgh vkgsr- Hkkjrkrhy yksdkaph lkekftd ks{kf.kd o vkffkzd flfkrh tk.kwu?ks.;klkbh baxztkauh 1872 lkyh tkrokj tux.kuk lq: dsyh lkyh baxztkauh eqqacbz jkt;krhy tkrh tekrhapk l[kksy vh;kl dj.;klkbh vkj- bz- bafkksosu ;kap;kdms dke lksifoys- R;kauh 500 tkrh tekrhapk l[kksy vh;kl d:u 1920 P;k n kdkr R;kaps rhu [kam izdkf kr dsys lkyh Lora= Hkkjrkrhy tkrhikrhapk lekt kkl=h; vh;kl dj.;kpk egkizdyi MkW- ds-,l- flax ;kap;k usr`rok[kkyh gkrkr?ks.;kr vkyk lkyh R;kps 43 [kam izfl/n dj.;kr vkys- ;k la kks/kukuqlkj Hkkjrkr vkt 4635 tkrh tekrh vly;kps iq<s vkys vkgs- R;kr izkeq[;kus pkj eksbs xv vkgsr- vuqlwfpr tkrh ¼,llh½] vuqlwfpr tekrh ¼,lVh½] foeqdr vkf.k HkVD;k tkrh ¼Oghts,uVh½ vkf.k brj ekxkloxz ¼vkschlh½ tux.kuk Eg.kts dsog khjx.krh uogs- tux.kusrwu lektkrhy izr;sd?kvdkph ekfgrh fegrs- lkekftd] vkffkzd o ks{kf.kd {ks=kr fofo/k tkrhaph dk; flfkrh vkgs ;kph vkdmsokjh fegrs o R;k vkk/kkjs R;k tkrhalkbh fo ks k dk;zdze jkcowu R;kaph izxrh lk/kyh tkrs- lanhkz 1½ QMds] ;- fn- ¼2006½ jk[kho tkxkaps kahkj o kzs] iq.ks lqxkok izdk ku- 2½ nsojs Jko.k] ¼2008½] ejkbk lektkps vkschlhdj.k vkf.k tkrhvarkps /kksj.k] iq.ks] lqxkok izdk ku- 3½ cqvs] uanw ¼2010½] vkschlh lekt % lel;k o mik;] iq.ks fttkbz izdk ku- 4½ nsojs] Jko.k ¼2012½ vkschlhap;k la?k kz okvk] iq.ks lqxkok izdk ku- 5½ vkacsmdj] ckcklkgsc ¼2014½] tkfrizfksps fo/oalu] iq.ks lqxkok izdk ku- 6½ ok?kekjs] olar ¼2014½ tkfro;olfkk % fufezrh vkf.k Lo:i iq.ks] lqxkok izdk ku- 7½ dkacgs] mrre ¼2015½] vkschlhps jktdkj.k] eqacbz] yksdokm~e; x`g- 8½ xk;dokm] iznhi ¼2015½] ekxkloxhz;kap;k fodkl ;kstuk] ukxiwj] lar izdk ku- 9½ Fkksjkr] lq[knso ¼2015½] MkW- ckcklkgsc vkacsmdj % lkekftd cfg d`rrk o lekos kdrk /kksj.kkfo k;hpk n`f Vdksu] iq.ks] lqxkok izdk ku- 10½ Fkksjkr] lq[knso ¼2016½] vkj{k.k /kksj.kkckcr xsjlet % dls o dk\ iq.ks] lqxkok izdk ku- 11½ Hk.kxs] jfoanz ¼2016½] vkj{k.kkph okvpky vkf.k vkschlh vkj{k.k] iq.ks] Mk;eaM ifcyds kul-

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