SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR

Transkript

1 1 SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR B.A., B. Com. and B. Sc. and other under Graduate Degree Programme (For Sem II) Choice Based Credit System Skill Development Course (Non-Credit Course) Self Instructional Material (SIM) EVENT MANAGEMENT SKILL (To be implemented from Part - I Second Term of )

2 O;oLFkkiu 2 ekuokpk tue >ky;kuarj t kh&t kh ekuokoj laldkkj dj.;kph osg ;så ykxyh- R;k i/nrhus?kvuk@izlax] midze vflrrokr vkys- ekuoh thoukr ekuokph ok< o fodkl gksr gksrs- R;k fn ksus lektkr izfdz;k@?kvuk lq: >ky;k- R;ko:up?kVuk] izlax mn~hkorhy rls dk;zdze vflrkrokr ;så ykxys- dkj.k ekuo gk lektfiz; izk.kh vkgs- ekuo gk xvkxvkus] leqgkus] VksGhus jkgkr vls- ekuokyk vkiyks fopkj nql&;kyk lkax.ks],sd.ks] vkiys er ekam.ks] fopkjfofue; dj.ks gh k`a[kyk QDr ekuokykkp fulxkzizkir vkgs- ;ko:up ekuoh thoukr izlax]?kvuk] midze ;kyk vuu;lk/kkj.k egrro vkgsvktk Li/ksZP;k txkr fopkj djr vlrkuk bogsav O;oLFkkiukpk O;ki Qkj ok<ysyk fnlr vkgs- mnk- dksvqafcd] lkekftd] lkald`frd] jktdh;] tkfgjkr b- izdkjps bogsav dj.ks lkekftd xjt >kysyh vkgs- vkt lektkr midze] fu;kstu dj.ks dkgkph xjt cuyh vkgs- rsok<;k izek.kkr lektkr bogsav O;oLFkkiu dj.kkjs izf k{kd miyc/k ukghr] jkstxkj ok<o.;klkbh] lektkrhy r:.kkbzyk dks ky;kps f k{k.k ns.;kp;k mn~ns kkus jkstxkj fegkok] O;olkf;dkauk vkffkzd Qk;nk gks.;kp;k mn~ns kkus ;k dks ky;kph xjt Hkklw ykxyh vkgs- dkjiksjsv {ks=kr] vksipkfjd fqye] ks{kf.kd R;kpcjkscj lektkrhy pkyhjhrh] ijaijk ;kizek.ks ;s.kkjs lokz midze ;kaps kkl= kq/n i/nrhus fu;kstu dj.kk&;k izf kf{kr O;Drh fuekz.k gks.;klkbh g;k vh;kldzekyk lektkr Qkj eksbh la/kh miykc/k >kyh vkgs-,[kkn;k dk;zdzekpk vkjk[kmk r;kj d:u rks oklrokr mrjo.ks o fof k"v mf)"v lk/; dj.ks Eg.ktsp dk;zdze la;kstu gks;- dk;zdzekp;k lq:okrhiklwu rs ksovi;zar dk;zdze iw.kz dj.;klkbh th tckcnkjh ikj ikmyh tkr]s R;kl dk;zdzekps la;kstu Eg.krkr- Dk;Zdze@midze fu;kstu d:u la;kstu dj.ks gk,d egrrokpk O;olk; cuyk vkgslektkrhy fofo/krsrwu] lkekthd xjtsrwu] :<h ijaijk rlsp os;fdrd o lkekftd vusd dk;zdzekauk egrro izkir >kys vkgs- ;k dk;zdzekklkbhp os;fdrd] lkewfgd] O;olkf;d ladyiuk :tw gksr vkgs- dk;zdze pkaxky;k i/nrhus ikj ikm.;klkbh Li/kkZ fuekz.k >kyh vkgs- R;krwup dks.kr;kgh izlaxkpk fu;kstuc/n vkjk[kmk r;kj d:u dk;zdze mrd`"v i/nrhus ; kloh dj.ks

3 Eg.ktsp vkn kz bogsav ewustj gks;- R;kpcjkscj dks.krk izdkjpk dk;zdze vkgs- ;koj dk;zdzekps la;kstu voyacwu vlrs- dk;zdze la;kstu dj.ks gk fofo/k dk;zdekaoj] :<h ijaijk] pkyhfjrh] vk/kqfudrk gs loz eqn~ns y{kkr?ks.ks xjtsps vlrsfu;kstu] vk;kstu] O;oLFkkiu R;kyk ykx.kkjs lk/kulkeqxzh] fbdk.k] osg] vkffkzd vankt b] xks"v y{kkr?ks.kss vr;ko ;d vkgs- Dk;Zdze dks.kr;kgh vlks Eg.ktsp] lkald`frd] fookg] eqatk] ukedj.k fo/kh] ok<fnol] ve`regksrlo] ifjlaokn] ppkzl= br;knh- la;kstu dj.ks gh,d dyk vkgs vls EgVY;kl okoxs Bj.kkj ukgh- bogsav ewustjdms dkgh dks ky; vlkoh ykxrkr- R;kiSdh dkgh Lor%dMs vlrkrp- dkgh vaxdkjkoh ykxrkr- rs [kkyhyize.ks f klr] nql&;kps cksy.ks,sd.ks] izkekf.kdi.kk] nql&;kyk letkowu?ks.ks] dkekr lkrr;i.kk] fpdkvh] gtj tckchi.kk] usfrdewy;] osgsps fu;kstu] usr`ro] la?kvu] laokn] fu;a=.k] O;oLFkkiu] fuvusvdsi.kk] iks kk[k] Li"V cksy.ks] fujksxh vkjksx; br;knh dks ky;s vkrelkr djkoh ykxrkrbogasv O;oLFkkiukr fofo/k lsok lqfo/kk iqjfo.kkú;k O;kolkf;dkauk,dla?k cka/kwu bogasv ;ksx; fjr;k ikj ikmkok ykxrks- lekjahk gh ckc ekuoh thou o O;olk; {ks= v kk nksugh fbdk.kh lktjs dsys tkrkr- vkffkzd gsrwus O;kolkf;d {ks=kr laiuu gks.kkú;k lekjahkkuk O;kolkf;d lekjahk Eg.krkr- ;kmyv] vkffkzd gsrw ulrkuk lkekftd {ks=kr vk;ksftr gks.kkú;k lekjahkkuk fcxj O;kolkf;d lekjahk Eg.krkrm ksx{ks=kp;k fodklklkbh o folrkjklkbh vk;ksftr dsysy;k lekjahkkuk vks ksfxd lekjahk vls Eg.krkrmnk%& vks ksfxd izn kzzus] dkj esgkos],u- vkj- vk; fevdaiuhrqsz vkiy;k dkefxjhps izn kzu dj.;klkbh vk;ksftr lekjahkkuk daiuh lekjahk Eg.krkrmnk%& uohu mriknu lknj dj.ks] fodzh kqhkkjahk] okf"kzd lozlk/kkj.k lhkk b- lkekftd gsrwus vk;ksftr dsy;k tk.kkú;k lekjahkkauk Lkkekftd lekjahk vls Eg.krkrmnk %& ok<fnol] yxulksggk] yxu lekjahk 3

4 jktdh; dkj.kkalkbh vk;ksftr lekjahkkl jktdh; lekjahk Eg.krkr- mnk %& jktdh; i{kkaph vf/kos kus] ppkzl=s] jktdh; lhkk] ekspsz b- fofo/k /kekzap;k izfksuqlkj vk;ksftr dj.;kr ;s.kkú;k lekjahkkauk /kkfezd lekjahk Eg.krkrmnk %& izopus] lar t;arh] iq.;frfkh] /kkfezd lksggsfofo/k lalfkk] la?kvuk ;kap;krqsz vk;ksftr fdzmk lekjahk Eg.krkr- mnk%& oymzdi fdzdsv] vkwyafidl] kkys; fdzmk Li/kkZ- v kk i/nrhph vusd midze lektkr vk;ksftr dsys] R;kiSdh vkiy;kyk,dw.k pkj izdkjpk midzeakpk vh;kld djko;kpk vkgs- rks [kkyhyizek.ks--- 1½ vksipkfjd midze & vksipkfjd dk;zdze Eg.kts ts /kekzyk vuql:u dk;zdze vlrkr- R;k dk;zdzekyk vki.k vksipkfjd dk;zdze vls Eg.krks] T;k dk;zdzekyk Bjkfod i/nrhus fu;kstu djkos ykxrs- Eg.ktsp dk;zdzekyk Bjkfod i/nrhus fu;kstu djkos ykxrs] Eg.ktsp dk;zdzekyk mn~ns k] i/nr] LFkG] osg] iks kk[k] gs R;k&R;k /kekzuqlkj Bjysys vlrkr- mnk- ckj kh] eqatk] yxu] lk[kjiqmk] e`r;w fo/kh g;k R;k R;k /kekzuqlkj BjysY;k vlrkr- R;kizek.ks iw.kz gks.ks xjtsps vlrs- v kk dk;zdzekauk vksipkfjd dk;zdze lacks/kys tkrsg;k lekjahkke/;s tuekiklwu rs ej.;ki;zar T;k fo/kh /kkfezd i/nrhus fdaok Bjkfod mn~ns kkus ikj ikmy;k tkrkr- R;kyk vksipkfjd lekjahk Eg.k.;kph izfkk vkiy;k y{kkr ;srsmnk- ckg tuekyk vky;kuarj eqykaps ckj ks?kkrys tkrs- fganq] eqflye] f[k pzu] TkSu br;knh fofo/k /kekzuqlkj gk dk;zdze R;kaP;k R;kaP;k BjYksY;k :<h] ijaijsuqlkj lktjk djr vlrkrts dzk;zdze fo/kh /kekzp;k lald`rhuqlkj lktjs dsys tkrkr- R;kyk lkald`rh dk;zdze vls EgVys tkrs- Hkkjrke/;s fofo/k lald`rh vkgsr- R;kP;k izfkk fhkuuk vkgsr] izns k fhkuu vkgs] pkyh] :<h] ijaijk] fhkuuk vkgsr R;kP;k Hkk"kk osxosxg;k vkgsr- iks kk[kkp;k i/nrh fujfujkg;k vkgsr] R;kpk vkgkj R;k&R;k izos kizek.ks vkgs- fofo/krsus uvysy;k Hkkjrklkj[;k ns kkr gokeku] okrkoj.k] rkieku fhkuuk&fhkuuk Lo:ikph fnlwu ;srkr- R;k R;k izek.ks lakld`frd dk;zdze ikgk;yk fegrkr- R;k izek.ks lkald`frd dk;zdze vkgsr] mnk- u`r; HkjrukV;e] dffkd] lksaxh Hktu] xk.kh] laxhr] ukpkps izdkj fujfujkgs vkiy;kyk ikgk;yk 4

5 fegrkr- vusd O;Drhauh,d= ;såu,[kkn;k lkaldrfrd dk;kzlkbh lktjk dsyk tk.kkjk izlax Eg.kts lkaldrfrd lekjahk gks;- mnk %& xko t=k] x.ks kksrlo] ;qok egksrlo] dyk izn kzuvusd O;Drhauh,d= ;såu,[kkn;k lkaldrfrd dk;kzlkbh lktjk dsyk tk.kkjk izlax Eg.kts lkaldrfrd lekjahk gks;- mnk %& xko t=k] x.ks kksrlo] ;qok egksrlo] dyk izn kzu- 2½ Tkkfgjkr & midzeke/khy gk,d izdkj vkgs- tkfgjkr gh,d dyk vkgs- ;k dyp;k ek/;ekrwu,[kkns uohu mriknu fdaok uohu lans k yksdkap;k Ik;Zar iksgpoyk vlsy R;kyk izfl/n n;koh ykxrs ;kykp tkfgjkr vls EgVys tkrs- uohu olrw fdaok lsok R;kph cktkjisbsr vksg[k d:u ns.ks Eg.ktsp R;k olrwph tkfgjkr dj.ks gsk;- lektkkph mrdzkarh gksr vlrkuk v kk c&;kp xks"vhgh uohu fuekz.k gksr gksr;k- R;k dkgkr fy[kk.kkph ns[khy lks; uogrh- R;kosGh v kk xks"vh yksdkai;zar iksgpo.;klkbh xkok&xkokr vksjmwu daok noamh fivwu ekfgrh fnyh tkr gksrh- ikwisbz o jkse ;sfks f[kzlriwozdkgkr nq/k kkgk] ikohkv~vh] pezdjkaph o Ekn;kph nqdkus b- oj Qyd vlr] dkgh fbdk.kh efgrhps Qyd fhkarhoj fyfgys vlk;ps- izfke orkzekui=kr 1477 lkyh baxyame/;s izkfkzuk iqlrdkp;k fodzh laca/kh ifgyh Nkihy tkfgjkr glri+=dkp;k :ikus izfl/n >ky;kps okpukr >kys- ;kuarj orzeku i=krwu tkfgjkr forj.k lalfkk 1907 lkyh eqacbzr LFkkiu >kyh- nql&;k egk;q/nkiklwu tkfgjkr otk izflf/nij fp=ivx`gkar nk[kfo.;kr ;så ykxys- Hkkjrkr vkdk kok.khpk 1 uksogsacj 1967 iklwu vkf.k nwjfp=ok.khpk 1 tkusokjh 1976 iklwu tkfgjhlkbh mi;ksx lq: dj.;kr vkykvksn;ksfxd dzzkarh uarj lektkrhy mriknuke/;sgh eksb;k izek.kkr >kyh- R;kizek.kr fodzhgh ok<yh- ng.k&og.kkp;k lwfo/kk e/;s dkykrjaus ok< gkså ykxyh- cktkjisbspk fodkl gkså ykxyk- Li/kkZ fuekz.k gkså ykxyh] p<kvkss< fuekz.k >ky;k- R;krwup tkfgjkr gk foi.kukrhy ra=kpk,d Hkkx >kyk- T;kP;ke/;s fofo/k Lo:ikph mi;ksfxrk dks ky;kpk okij gkså ykxyk- R;kpcjkscj lekt kkl=] ekul kkl=] okf.kt; o lakf[;dh kkl= b- pk n`"vhus 5

6 vr;ar mi;qdr vkgsr- gs gh ikg.ks tkfgjkrhps izeq[k vax vkgs- tkfgjkr djr vlrkuk rhu egrrokps fu.kz;?;kos ykxrkr- 1½ dk; lkaxk;ps rks Eg.kts lans k 2½ dls lkaxk;ps rs Eg.kts izr;{k tkfgjkrhph ekam.kh 3½ dksbs lkaxk;ps rs Eg.kts laidz ek/;ekph fuom ek/;ekph fuom && tkghjkrhlkbh fo ks"k egrrokph dks.k&dks.krh ek/;es vkgsr- R;krhy vkiy;k mriknukyk o lsosyk dks.krs izhkkoh ek/;e Bjsy ;kaph fuom dj.ks t:jhps vkgs- mriknu] LFkkfud] izknsf kd] jk"vªh; fdaok vkarjjk"vªh; ntkzps vkgs gs izfke Bjokos- R;kuarj vkiy;k mriknuklkbh fdaok lsoslkbh dks.kkyk mi;ksx gks.kkj vkgs Eg.kts vkiys xzkgd dks.k vkgsr- R;kpk vh;kl] R;kP;k jkg.khekukpkk fopkj] vkffkzd flfkrh ;kapk iw.kz vh;kl djkok- R;kuarj vkiy;k mriknukrwu dks.kkyk d kkizdkjpk lans k iksgpoyk ikfgts] ;kaph [kkrjtek d:u R;kps ek/;e fuomy;kl vkiy;k mriknu o lsosph tkfgjkr pkaxky;k i/nrhus gksbzy- R;kpk vkffkzd Qk;nk vkiy;kyk gksbzytkfgjkrhlkbh vkt vusd izdkjph ek/;es miyc/k vkgsr- o`rrki=s] ekfld] fu;rdkfyds] fhkrrhi=s] nqdkukap;k ikv;k] fotsp;k iv~v;k] ifjogu] izfl/nhqyd] fp=iv] izfl/nij vkdk kok.kh ]nwjfp=ok.kh pk okij gkså ykxyk- ggw&ggw tkfgjkrhps {ks= :nkor xsys vkf.k tkfgjkr gk,d O;olk; >kyk vkgs- gk O;olk; dj.;klkbh O;fDrdMs izr;{k fdaok vizr;{k i/nrhus fof k"v xq.kkpk izhkko vf/kd vlkok ykxrks- R;klkBh vkt tkfgjkps ;qx vkgs- ;krwu eksb;k izek.kr jkstxkj vf/kd fegr vkgs- tkfgjkr gs kkl= o dyk vkgs- R;kizek.ks tkfgjkrh e/;s eksb;k izek.kkr vfkz gh fegrksk- R;keqGs tkfgjkr eksb;k ize.kkrhy midze vkgstkfgjkrheqgs tutkx`rh gksrs- fofo/k mriknuakph o lsosph ekfgrh fegrs- R;kP;k fof k"v ntkzckcr dyiuk ;srs- tkfgjkarheqgs xzkgdkauk b"v R;k olrkqaph fuom dj.ks lks;hps Bjrs- [kjsnh&fodzhph izfdz;k lqyhk o lksih gksrs-,dw.k xzkgdkauk vusd izdkjs ekxkzn kzu dj.;kps dk;z tkfgjkr djrs- 6

7 vkt Li/ksZP;k ;qxkr fvdk;ps vlsy rj mrikndkaus vkiy;k mriuu ok<hlkbh] fodzhok<hlkbh] cktkjisb dkckht dj.;kp;k gsrwus cktkjisbsps la kks/ku dj.ks vr;ko ;d cuys vkgs-,[kkn;k mriknukfo"k;h xzkgdkp;k eukr vuqdwy ok izfrdwy izfrek fuekz.k gksr vlrsv kkosgh ekykph [kjsnh o R;kP;k okijkus xzkgdkauk feg.kkjs lek/kku ;kpk vh;kl dj.ks xjtsps vkgs- mriknukps fu;kstu] vkoj.k] okgrwd]?kkåd fdaok fdjdksg fodzsr;kan~okjs ekykps forj.k tkfgjkr] cktkjisbkapk losz] vkffkzd]ftoar½ ;k fo"k;kpkk vh;kl d:u la kks/kukrwu ;s.kkjs eqn~ns xzkgdkadfjrk izn kzu] izkr;f{kds b- ek/;ekpk vkiy;kyk okij djrk ;srksdkgh tkfgjkrhph ek/;es o eksb;k lalfkke/;s R;k&R;k tkfgjkrhps Lora= fohkkx vkgsrtkfgjkrnkjkp;k O;olk;kph ckjkd&lkjhd ekfgrh fego.ks] laiw.kz fodzh fdaok tkfgjkr ;kstuk r;kj dj.ks] izr;{k tkfgjkrpk vkjk[kmk r;kj dj.ks] ;ksx; ek/;ekph fuom dj.ks] tkxk fuom.ks] osgsps fu;kstku R;krwu tkfgjkr izfl/n dj.kstkfgjkr vkf.k dk;nk&& tkfgjkrh izfl/nh vkf.k R;klaca/kh O;ogkj lafonk vf/kfu;e] izdk ku fo"k;d vf/kfu;e ikgkos ykxrkr- dks.kr;k tkfgjkrhauk dks.krs dj Hkjkos ykxrkr- R;kpcjkscj vki.k dks.krh tkfgjkr dj.kkj vkgs R;kPkk dk;nk] iw.kz fu;e ikg.ks vkiy;k fgrkps Bjrstkfgjkrhlaca/kh loz dk;n;kps vkdyu o ikyu dj.ks gs lekt fgrkps vlrs- R;keqGs iwokzikj fopkj d:u tkfgjkr djkoh- 3½ dje.kwd vkf.k euksjatu Hkkjrkrhy lald`rh o fhkuu fhkuu pkyh] :<h] ijaijk] /kez] iafk br;knhe/;s fofo/krk vly;keqgs vusd izdkjps lkald`frd dk;zdze mn;kyk vkgs- ;k dk;zdzekrwup dje.kwd o euksjatd dk;zdzekph mrirrh >kyh vlkoh- ekuo gk lkekftd o cq/nho/kzd izk.kh vly;kus yksdkauk Lor:ph o nql&;kph djx.kwd o euksjatkd dj.;kph i/nrh fodlhr djko;k ykxy;kizfke O;fDrauk Lor:P;k ekuoh eukpk vh;kl djr vlrkuk vuu] ol=] fuokjk] vkjksx;] f k{k.k ;krwup ekuokp;k eukpk fodkl gkså ykxyk- R;krwu ekuokyk uslfxzd fjr;k 7

8 cksyhhkk"ksrwu kcn dksbs kcnkiklwu dje.kwd o R;krwu euksjatu v kk dyk voxr >ky;k ;k dysp;k ek/;ekrwu vkrk ekuokyk Hkjiwj islkgh fegw ykxyk- rl&rls ;k {ks=kr lokz ek/;ekph vkiyh idm?kv~v dsyh vkgs- vkt O;fDrph thou ksyh] iw.ki.ks cnywu xsysyh vki.kkyk fof/krp vkgs- R;kuqlkj ekuo gk lo;hpk xqyke >kysyk vki.k ikgrks vkgs- dj vkdkj.khrwu kklukyk gh ;krwu Hkjiwj eglwy fegr vkgs- O;fDr frrd;k izd`r;k >ky;k vkgsr- izr;sdkps dje.kwdhps lk/kus osxosxgh vkgsr- mnk- laxhr dk;zdze] fp=iv] lkald`frd dk;zdze] /kkfezd dk;zdze] tkfgjkrhrhy] lax.kd] eksckbzy] b- ek/;ekrwu yksdkaph dje.kwd gksr-s vkf.k R;krwu euksjatu gh gksrs- v kk c&;kp i/nrh lektkr dje.kwd o euksjatu dj.;klkbh cgqfo/kk Lo:ikph lk/kus miyc/k vkgsrlektkr fodkl lk/kkp;k vlsy rj v kk lk/kukpk okrj d:u fodkl djrk ;sr gksrki.k vkt pkaxys dke] vkiy;kyk Qk;n;kps dke vkgs- fdaok vki.k R;kpk fopkj dlk djk;yk ikfgts- gk mn~ns k cktwyk imysyk vkgs- ;k O;frfjDr myv i/nrhus dje.kwd o euksjatku d:u?ks.;kph lo; vkiy;k O;fDrauk imr vly;kus vkiy;kyk igk;yk fegrs- O;fDruk vkiy;k fodklkps dke pkaxys vkgs- ;kapk fopkj d:u rks nsuafnu ftoukr R;kpk mi;ksx d:u?ks.ks vktk dkgkph xjr vkgs- O;fDruk /kddkcqddhp;k txkr txr vlrkuk vki.kkdms ikg.;kpk n`"vhdksu cnyyk vkgs- rsogk izr;sdkus vkiyks thou vkuanh o vkjksx;nk;h tx.;klkbh Lor:ph dje.kwd d:u dqavqackps lkscr vkygknk;d thou tx.;klkbh iz;ru khy vl.ks xjtsps cuys vkgs- lkrr;kus lalkjkpk xkmk vks<r vlrkuk vkiy;k thoukpk vkuangh fegowu vkiyks rk.kr.kko deh dj.;kph dyk tksikl.ks mi;qdr Bj.kkj vkgseuksjatukrwu vkiy;kyk vkuankph Hkkouk fegrs- dkgh osg vki.k rks mihkksxyk ikfgts- R;kpk okij vki.k nsuafnu ftoukr d:u?ksåu vkiy;k ldkjkred vk;q";kdms ikg.;kph] Vhpk ekxkz cnywu vkiys vk;q"; pkaxys tx.;kl f kdkos- 4½ lkekftd midze & lkekftd midze gk,d lekthksvow dk;zdze vkgs- lektkrhy loz?kvdkarhy] loz tkrh] /kez] iafk] cktwyk Bsowu,d= ;såu tks dk;zdze?ksrkr] R;kyk lkekftd dk;zdze vls Eg.krkr- Hkkjrkrhy 18 tkrh] uå ijaijk] /kekz] iafk] ;kaps mppkvu dj.;klkbh ekuotkrhyk,d= vk.k.;klkbh Hkkjrkr izfke yksdeku; CkkGxaxk/kj fvgd ;kauh x.ks kmrlokyk 8

9 lq:okr dsyh- dkj.k Jh x.ks k gh nsork lokzauk cq/nh] ladvfuokj.k] djrs- lkekftd n`"vhdksu ok<o.;kp;k gsrwus gh izfkk lq: >kyh- g;k izfksp;k ek/;ekrwu yksdkauk lektkdms ikg.;kpkk gsrw lektdk;kzyk ok<o.kkjk Bjr jkghyk- ;k gsrwus R;k ek/;kekrwu lektdk;z ikj ikmw ykxyh R;krwup lektmi;ksxkh xksj&xjhc tursyk dkgh izek.kkr enr gkså ykxyh- R;krwu lektke/;s dkgh fo"k;koj tkf.ko tkx`rh gksr vkgs- dkghauk vkffkzd enr fegrs vkgs- Lkektkr lkoztfud mrlo lktjs djhr vlrkuk nqljhdms eamgs lektlsok] lektizcks/kd] ks{kf.kd fodkl] vkjksx;kph dkgth] xksj&xjhckauk vuu] ol=] fuokjk] gdd] vf/kdkj b- nsok.k&?ksok.k djr vkgsr- ;krwup lektkpk fodkl lk/kr vly;kps vkiy;kyk y{kkr ;sr vkgs- Lkektkph xq.koark fdaok ntkz ok<ok;pk vlsy] rj kklukcjkscj lektkrhy lektdk;zdr;kzus] yksdkauh vkiy;kcjkscj lektkrhy ksovp;k Lrjkrhy yksdkauk dkgh vkffkzd enr] lkekftd] dksvaqfcd] jktdh;] vkjksx;kp;k lks;h loyrh] ks{kf.kd Lo:ikP;k lksbz] vukfkkauk] o`/nkauk okrlykkp;k lsok] isze] eerk v kk xks"vh nså dj.ks vkt dkgkph xjt cuyh vkgs- T;kdMs iqjslk osg vkgs- v kk O;Drhauk v kk lsok nså djko;kr- 3½ v- midzefu;kstuke/;s os;fdrd dks ky;s 1½ ekuoh f k"vkpkj midzefu;kstuke/;s vusd dks ky;kapk okij d:u?ksowu dk;zdze fu;ksftr djkok ykxrks- R;kiSdhp midze fu;kstdkdms os;fdrd tuetkr vl.kkjh dks ky;s o dkgh ukfou;iw.kz dks ky;s vkrelkr djkoh R;kIkSdhp ekuoh f k Vkpkj gs,d OkS;fDrd dks ky;kisdh vkgs- O;DrhdMs vl.kk&;k izkekf.kdi.kk brjka kh vknjkus okx.ks o;kseku o inkizek.ks yksdkauk vkiy;k vaxh vlyksy;k pkaxqyi.kk xq.kkpk mi;ksx d:u ns.ks- mnk- ekuoh thoukr vl.kkjs f k Vkpkj] vkiqydh] ekulueku] e/kqjhkk kk] ;ksx; nsgcksyh] lr;rk] vknjkfrf;] pkaxyh okx.kwd] dkekr ikjn kzdrk] usfrdrk] lh;rk br;knh- dks ky;kapk okij d:u vkiys midze fu;ksftr dsys rj R;kr ; k vkiy;kyk fegrs- vkiykk O;olk; mrlkgo/kzd o izsj.kknk;h Bj.;klkBh ;k loz xq.kkapk okij d:u vki.k nsuafnu thoukrhy dk;zdze ; klohi.ks ikm.;kl enr gksrs- 2½ laokn dks ky; & ekuofufezrhiklwu laoknkyk lw:okr >kyh- ekuo gk Lor:P;k xjtk iw.kz d:u?ksrks- rks cq/nheku vkgs] Lo:rkpk fopkj dj.kkjk] er ekam.kkjk o R;kP;kvk/kkjs 9

10 Lor: fodkl d:u?ks.kkjk izk.kh vkgs- ekuo gk lektfiz; izk.kh vkgs] vls ekul kkl=k Eg.krkrlaokn Eg.kts,d fdaok vusd O;fDr,d= ;sowu vkiy;k fopkjkph fdaok erkph nsok.k&?ksok.k djrks ;kyk laokn vls EgVys tkrs- ;k laoknkrwu ykssdkauk vkiy;k Hkkouk] fopkj] er ;krwu izdkj djrk ;srs ;kyk laokn vls EgVys tkrsbogsav vk;ksftr djrkuk vk;kstd o Jksrk rlsp lsok lqfo/kk iqjfo.kkjs ;k lxg;ka kh laizs k.k ¼laokn½ dls djrks ;koj ;k bogsav ps ; k voyacwu vlrs- bogsav ; kloh dj.;klkbh laizs k.k izhkkoh vkf.k kdrh kkyh ekxkzus forjhr dj.ks vko ;d vkgs- laizs k.k vkiy;kyk lglaca/k fuekz.k dj.;kl dk;z dj.;kl vkf.k vkiys /;s; lk/; dj.;kl l{ke djrsbogsavpk izkjafhkd fodkl] ekdszvhax vkf.k izeks ku iklwu bogsav izr;{k iw.kz gksbzi;zar izr;sd VII;koj izhkkoh lahkk k.kkoj voyacwu vlrkrbogsav vk;kstdkauh,sd.;kph vkf.k R;kaP;k xjtk iq.kz dj.kkú;k dk;zdzekaps vk;kstu dj.kkjh ;kstuk vk[k.ks vko ;d vlrs- la;kstdkauh gs,sd.ks vkf.k letwu?ksåu lsok lqfo/kk iwjfo.;kai;zar iksgkspfo.ks vr;ar xjtsps vlrs- dkj.k ;k lsok o lqfo/kkp vk;kstdkauk gos rls dk;zdze nså kdrkr- bogsavle/;s LihdlZ miflfkr vlysy;kauk varnrz Vhiw.kZ vkf.k lalej.kh; izs>ssavs ku forfjr d: bfpnrkr vkf.k izn kzd R;kaP;k mriknukacwy vkf.k vh;kxrkalkbh lsok r;kj dj.;kpk iz;ru djrkr- vh;kxr R;kaps bogsav loz lekos kd o lokzauk lek/kkuh dj.kkjs cufo.;klkbh mrlqd vlrkr- i.k ;k lsok lqfo/kk rlsp izr;sd?kvdkai;zar iksgpfo.;kps dke bogsav djrks vkf.k rs laizs k.kkoj vlrslaizs k.k gh nksu ekxkzph izfdz;k vkgs vkf.k laizs k.k izhkkoh gks.;klkbh,sd.;kph o cksy.;kph {kerk frrdhp vko ;d vkgs- bogsav vk;ksftr dj.;klkbh izr;sdklkbh ^^,sd.ks** gs loz dkgh lqfuf pr dj.kkjk,d izeq[k?kvd vkgs- R;keqGs dks.krsgh xsjlet?kmr ukgh- R;keqGs dk;zdze lgtrsus ikj imrks- ldzh;,sd.ks Eg.kts O;R;; fdaok fu.kz; u?ksrk brj O;Drh dk; Eg.krkr gs y{kiwozd,sd.ks vkf.k xaqrowu Bso.ks R;keqGs vki.k iq<s dk; lkax.kkj vkgksr] dks.kk kh cksyk;p vkgs- ;kpk fopkj djk;yk osg fegrks- 10

11 LVhOgu dksogh Eg.krkr] cgqrsd yksd letwu?ks.;kp;k nr Vhus,sdr ukghr] rs mrrj ns.;kp;k gsrwus,sdrkr- dkght.k ;ksx;fjr;k,sd.;kr vi; kh BjY;keqGs xsjlet vkf.k xekoysy;k la/kh gkså kdrkr- pkaxy;k fodszr;kauk gs ekfgr vkgs dh] cksy.;kis{kk,sd.ks egrokps vkgs-,[kk kyk vkiys Eg.k.ks ekamk;yk ns.ks Eg.kts lahkko; lel;k d kk lksmork ;srhy ;kph nr Vh fegrs- vkiys cksy.ks vkd kzd] izhkkoh vlk;yk gos- vkiys fopkj] Eg.kts mnkgj.ks] lanhkz nsåu ivowu nsrk vkys ikfgtsr- dkj.k vkiys Eg.k.ks ;ksx;fjr;k iksgpfo.ks vko ;d vlrs- Hkk"kk lokzap;k okijkryh vlkoh- kcn vr;ar lk/ks] lksis] ljg vlkosr-csvfkhz ulkosr- vkiys Eg.k.ks [ksghesghr ekamrk vkys ikfgtsr- cksy.ks izhkkoh o cksy.ks ;ksx; xrhus vlkos- ;ksx; kcnkoj] tksj p<mrkj vkys ikfgtsr- Li"V odrsi.kk o O;kogkfjd n`"vhdks.k vk;kstdkdms vko ;d vlrks- 11 3½ fujksxh vkjksx; ¼vkokt½ %& vkjksx; vkf.k lqj{kk d/kh d/kh fdaok osgksosgh?ks.kkjs yksd fparktud okvrkr- tsaogk vki.k,[kk k dk;zdzeke/;s O;Lr vlrk rsaogk rsp ;ksx; vkjksx;klkbh vkf.k lqjf{krrk fu;kstu egrokps Bjrs- bogsav ewustseasv e/;s vr;ar deh dkyko/kh vlrks i.k cgqfo/k xks Vhaph vk[k.kh,dkp osgh djk;ph vlrs- R;klkBh vk;kstdkauh mrlkgh o vr;ar dk;z{ke vl.ks vr;ar xjtsps vlrs- dkj.k rqegh mrlkgh o vkuanh vlky rjp rqegh ;ksx;] ldkjkred fu.kz;?kså kdrklaisz k.k ;ksx; gkså kdrs- ;krwup ldkjkred mtkz fuekz.k gkså kdrs- cú;kpnk bogsav vk;kstu dj.ks tks[kehps B: kdrs- R;klkBh lqj{ksph mik;;kstuk goh- lsok lqfo/kk iqjfoú;kauk lqj{kk ns.ks xjtsps Bjrs- rlsp R;kauk izek.kkis{kk tklr osg dke djkos ykxrs] cjkp osg mhks jgkos ykxrs- kkfjjhd] ekufld rk.k ;srks- v kkosgh kkfjjhd o ekufld vkjksx; larqfyr vl.ks xjtsps vlrs- 4½ usr`rro & usr`ro gk xq.k dkgh O;fDrP;k tuetkr vkysyk vlrks rj dkghauk rks Lor:e/;s vk.kkok ykxrks- Eg.kts dk; djkos ykxrs tks Lor:P;k eukus pkj pks?kkar vkiys fopkj ekamrks- R;kP;kcjkscj fu;fer dkgh O;fDr vlrkr] R;k O;fDraP;ke/;s iq<kji.k djrks R;kyk usrk Eg.krkr- ;ko:u T;kdMs pkjpks?kkr,[kknk iz u fuekz.k >kyk vlsy rj rks ;ksx; i/nrhus R;kyk letkowu?ks.ks] R;k iz ukpk vfkz] cks/k] b- egrro R;kpk mi;ksx ;k lozeqn~ns

12 fopkjkr?ksowu kkari.ks lokzauk ivowu ns.ks fdaok dkgh osgsyk lke] nke] nam ;kapkgh okij d:u rks iz u pkaxky;k i/nrhus gkrkg.ks Eg.ktsp usr`rp gks;- 12 midze O;oLFkkiukr rj usr`ro xq.kkph vko ;drk vkgs- dks.krsgh O;oLFkkiu djr vlrkuk O;fDrP;k vaxh vl.kk&;k dyk xq.k o dks ky;kpk Qkj eksbk mi;ksxk gksr vly;kdkj.ks midzekps O;oLFkkiu dj.ks Eg.kts lkewfgd dke vkgs- R;kpk lokzauk R;kP;kar vl.kk&;k dyk xq.kkauk oko nsåu dk;zdzekps lkaaf?kd vls O;oLFkkiu dj.ks gs,d midze O;OkLFkkiukps mf/n"v vkgs- usr`ro Eg.kts th O;fDRk Lor: dke djr vlrkuk brjkadmwu dk; djowu?ks.ks Eg.ktsp usr`rp gks;- mrre usr`rp Eg.kts useds dk; rj ts lgdk&;kauk vkiy;k cjkscj?ksåu dke dj.;kph iszj.kk ns.kkja O;fDreRoth tckcnkjh eukiklwu flodk:u izr;sdkyk dke dj.;kp;k e;kznk vlrkr R;kizek.ks Lor: dke djr vlyk rjh ns[khy R;k brjkaph enr?ksowu R;kuk dk;kzph fn kk ns.sk] izf k{k.k ns.ks] fu.kz; dls?;k;ps gs f kdo.ks] Vhe flijhv tksil.;klkbh ekfgrh ns.ks] R;kP;kr la?khkkouk fuekz.k dj.ks rh ok<fo.ks ldkjkred fopkj dj.kkjk lkax.ks] ts&ts pkaxys vkgs r flodkj.ks gs vaxog.kh ikm.ks,desdkaps fopkjkaph vuqhkokph nsok.k&?ksok.k d:u Vhe flijhv tksil.;klkbh dyk vaxh cuokmrrkek usr`ro vl.kkjk xq.k& dk;zexu vl.ks] osgspk ln~mi;ksx dj.ks] >kysy;k dk;kzpk vk<kok?ks.ks] dk;zi/nrhr lq/kkj.kk dj.ks ldkjkred okrkoj.k fuekz.k dj.ks] dkeke/;s lkrr; ok<o.ks o lr;rk jk[k.ks] fu.kz;?ks.ks] dk;zdzekyk fo olkr?;k] R;kP;k lel;k lksmo.ks] mrre laokn lk/k.ks vki.k gh R;kP;kr,d lnl; vkgs- v kh LoRk:ph Hkwfedk Bsowu okxrkr- rj vkiys usr`ro lnso ; kloh gksr jkfgy- ;kph n{krk?;koh- Lor: togpk vgadjkyk tog Bsow udk- LkR; cksyk] izkekf.kd jgk] usfrd ewy; tksikl.ks g;k LkoZ tckcnk&;ke/;s usrk`rokpk Hkkx vkgs- ; kloh lekjahk la;kstu Eg.kts lk/;k] e/;e] fdaok tvhy dk;zdzekp;k vk;kstuke/;s O;oLFkkiu dks ky;] oki:u lekjahk ; kloh dj.ks Eg.kts lekjahkkps la;kstu Eg.kts mn;kstd] eqdkne] O;kikjh] da=kvnkj] vf/kdkjh rlsp lsok oxz ;kauk,d= vk.kwu R;kaP;k dyspk] lsospk okij d:u lekjahkkps vk;kstu dj.ks] ;klkbh ;k lokzaoj,dkp osgh fu;a=.k vl.ks vko ;d vlrs- R;kaP;kdMwu ;ksx;fjrhus] BjysY;k osgsr] xq.korrkiwozd dke d:u?ksrk vkys ikfgts-

13 ;klkbh usrrroxq.k mi;ksxh imrkr- dkj.k lokzauk loz lqfo/kk iqjfo.kkjs Bsdsnkj] O;kolkf;d ;kauk vkiys ivowu nsåu R;kuqlkj dke d:u?ks.ks xjtsps vlrs- lekjahk la;kstdkus laiq.kz lekjahkkps fu;a=.k vkiy;kdms BsoY;kus R;kps ; k fdaok vi; k ;kyk rks tckcnkj vlrks- R;kyk R;klkBh loz?kvdkaph fegwu,d Vhe dj.ks vko ;d vlrs-,[kkn;k O;DrhdMs uslfxzd usrrro vly;kl R;kyk dks ky; lgt lk/; dj.;klkbh la?kkps ekxzn kzu d: kdrks o lekjahk ; kloh d: kdrks- 13 c½ midzefu;kstuke/;s O;olkf;d dks ky;s 1½ fu;kstu %& lekjahkkps ; k gs lozloh fu;kstukoj voyacwu vlrs- fu;kstuke/;s vusd?kvd ;srkrrs iq<hy izek.ks & lekjahkkpk gsrw] mfì Vs] mìs k fu;kstuke/;s lekjahk dk vk;ksftr djk;pk vkgs- vk;kstu dks.k djr vkgs- lghkkxh yksd dks.k vlrhy] R;kapk gsrw dk; gs ekfgrh d:u?ksåu lekjahkkph mfì Vs fuf pr dj.ks gh lekjahk fu;kstukph ifgyh ik;jh- R;knR Vhus vkiyh mfì Vs r;kj dj.ks- lekjahkkph LFkG o dkg Bjo.ks- lekjahk dksbs o dsogk vkgs ;koj lekjahkkr?kvdkapk lekos k djrk ;sbzy- dks.kr;k lsok & lqfo/kk?;k;ps] fu;kstu dls djkos gs Bjrs- R;keqGs lekjahkkps LFkG] dkyko/kh ]dkg fuf pr dj.ks osg fuf pr >kyh dh R;kuqlkj lsok lqfo/kk miyc/khpsa fu;kstu Bjrs- mnk & ikolkgk- R;k gokekukuqlkj fu;kstu vko ;d Bjrs- rlsp brj lekjahkkph rs igkos ykxrs- fbdk.kkuqlkj lks;h & lqfo/kk fdrh lgt o dks ky;iw.kz miyc/k gkså kdrkr gs Bjrs- brj yksadkpk lghkkx] lgtrk gh dkg o LFkGkoj voyacwu vlrkr- dk; fu;kstu djko;kps vkgs & dk;zdzekpk izdkj fuf pr >ky;kuarj R;k dk;zdzekyk ykx.k&;k lk/kulkeqxzh] olrw ;kaph izfke ;knh r;kj dj.ks- dk;zdzekpk mn~ns k y{kkr?ksowu rks lk/; dj.;klkbh dk;zdzekyk ykx.kkjk osg lghkkxh O;Drh vkffkzd ckch y{kkr?ksowu R;kpk dlk okij djk;pk gs Bjokos R;kuarj R;kps fofo/k fohkkxke/;s fohkktu djkos Eg.kts dk;zdze lq:iwohziklwu dk;zdze lq: vlrkuk dk;zdze laiy;kuarj loz NksV;k&eksB;k dkekaph ;knh d:u?;koh- R;kuarj vkiy;kdms miykc/k euq";cgkpk okij d:u NksV;k&eksB;k dkekaph O;DrhP;kdMs vl.kk&;k

14 dk;z{kersizek.ks R;kaP;kdMs dkekaps fohkktu djkos] vls fohkktu d:u?ksry;kl dks.krkgh dk;zdze iw.kzi.ks ; kloh gks.;kl lksis tkrs- bfrgkl o vuqhko & vki.k djr vlysy;k dk;zdzekps la;kstu dks.kh dsys vlys rj R;kpk bfrgkl y{kkr?ksowu vki.k vkiyk dk;zdze vkiy;k vuqhkokoj fu;ksftr djkok- gs djr vlrkuk vki.k djr vlysyk dk;zdze R;k dk;zdzek kh fegrktqgrk vlsy rj rlkp dk;zdze vki.k d: u;s- ;kmyv vki.k pkaxy;k ntkzpk ukfou; o osfo/; vlysyk dk;zdze yksdkauk vki.k d:u nk[kokok- vkiy;k vuqhkokuqlkj vki.k izr;sd dk;zdzeke/;s ukfou;iw.kz cny?kmowu vk.kwu ukfou;kaph ladyiuk :to.ks gh,d vkiy;k dk;zdzekph lpksvh vlkoh- R;keqGs vkiy;kyk vusd midze la;kstukph la/kh fegsy- 14 vkffkzd fu;kstu %& dk;zdze fuf pr djrkuk izfke vkffkzd rjrwn y{kkr?ks.ks xjtsps vkgs- dk;zdzekr mi;ksxkr ;s.kkú;k loz lsok lqfo/kk R;kapk ntkz o R;kyk ykx.kkjh loz lk/kulkeqxzh ;kapk,dw.k [kpz y{kkr?ksrk vkffkzd fu;kstu fuf pr dj.ks gs vr;ar egrokps vlrs- R;klkBh lekjahkkpkk,dw.k fdrh [kpz gks.kkj o vkiyk Qk;nk y{kkr?ksowu R;kaps vankti=d vpwd BjokosfofRr; O;OkLFkkidka kh esg?kkywu lferhus dke dsys ikfgts rjp [kpz o O;oLFkk ;kapk rkgesg clrksvkffkzd rjrwn d kh dj.kkj ;kps ekxz lq/nk fuf pr dsys ikfgtsr- mnk & eqg la;kstdkaps ;ksxnku] ukasn.kh Qh] izk;kstd] fodzh] QWzaps kh] lekjahkkrhy tkxk HkkM;kus ns.ks] frfdv fodzh b- e/kwu vkffkzd rjrwn d kh djk;ph vkgs gs fuf pr dsy;koj dk;zdzekpk vkffkzd rjrwnhpk vankt ;srks- R;ko:u dk;zdzekps mriuu B: kdrs- vk;kstu lferh o dk;zdze O;oLFkkiu%& vk;kstu lferhe/;s,dk is{kk tklr O;Drh vlrkr- dkj.k lferhrhy izr;sdkph Hkwfedk vkf.k tckcnkjh LIk"V d:u fu;qdrh dsyh tkrs- ;krhy,d dk;zdze O;oLFkkid fuf pr dsyk tkrks- R;kps loz lferhoj rlsp iw.kz dk;zdzekoj fua;=.k jkgrs- laiq.kz dk;zdzekph tckcnkjh ;k

15 lferh o O;oLFkkidkaph jkgrs- lekjahkkp;k fhkuuk isywapk fopkj mnk & fbdk.k] midj.ks] dezpkjh] laokn] Hkkstu] dpjk] kkspky;] vkffkzd O;ogkj] os dh; lqfo/kk] vknjkfrf;] okgrwd] ltkov] tkfgjkr] yksadkuk vkdf kzr dj.ks ;k lokzaph vknh ekfgrh?ksåu R;kph,d ekfgrhiqflrdk cuo.ks xjtsps vlrs-,[kknk bogsav ewustj vkf.k vkwxzuk;>s ku dfevhyk forr vkf.k ctsvph Li"V let vlsy rj rs bogsav lkbh izk;kstdro lqjf{kr Bsow kdrkrizk;kstdro ikgrkuk rs izk;kstdkadmwu ¼tls isls] foukewy; izpkj] loyr] olrw vkf.k lsok½ vkomsy vls dk; vkgs- la;kstd lferhyk ;kph LIk"V dyiuk vlrs- lahkko; izk;kstd ¼mnkfoukewY; tkfgjkrh] izpkj] ukekadu vf/kdkj] ehfm;k dogjst vkf.k uohu mriknukap;k izn kzuklkbh½ vkwqj d: kd.kkú;k dk;zdzekcìy lferh vl.ks ns[khy Li"V vl.ks vko ;d vlrs- bogsavps izksqkby fodflr dj.ks ¼Eg.kts bogsav] dogjst vkf.k izfl/nhpk laf{kir bfrgkl½ lferhyk lacaf/kr izk;kstdkauk vkdf kzr dj.;kr vkf.k bogsave/;s lkehy gks.;kps Qk;ns BGd dj.;kl enr djsy] izk;kstdro lqjf{kr dj.;kpk dks.krkgh iz;ru fuf pr izk;kstdrokp;k /kksj.kkoj vk/kkfjr vlkok- tks fof k"v lalfkkauk y{; djrs vkf.k izr;sd lalfksyk nr Vhdksu nsrs- fhkuu lalfkkadmwu izk;kstdrokph fouarh dj.kkjk,d lkeku; esy lkekku;r% v; kloh gksrks- 15 izfl/nh %& dk;zdzekp;k vkdkjkdms nqyz{k d:u izpkj vkf.k inksuurhph ikrgh fopkjkr?ks.ks egrokps vkgs- dkgh dk;zdzekauk izfl/nh fdaok izeks ku vko ;d vkgs- cú;kp ckcrhr bogsav vk;kstd bogsavps izeks ku ¼vk;kstdkaOnkjs fu;af=r vkf.k ns; fnys tk.kkjs vkf.k izpkj dogjst½s bogsav lalfksus ;kdms nqykz{k d: u;s- lghkkxhaus izk;kstd izfl/nhdms ikgrkuk fofo/k izdkjps ek/;e ¼eqfnzr] jsfmvks] vkwuykbzu vkf.k nwjn kzu½ vkf.k ;kisdh izr;sdk kh laidz lk/k.;kp;k fofo/k ekxkzoj fopkj dj.ks vko ;d vkgs-

16 lkoztfud lqfo/kse/;s dk;zdze vk;ksftr djrkuk fdaok la?kvukap;k ekydhp;k tfeuhoj ekydh?ksrkuk rs ekyerrk ekyd fdaok Hkw O;oLFkkidkOnkjs vko ;d vlysy;k eatwj fdaok ijokus eatwj fu;ekizek.ks eatwj d:u?;kosrvaectko.kh vkf.k ewy;ekiu %& dk;zdzekp;k lq:okrhiklwu rs ksovhi;zar dkgh xjtkgh vpkud mriuuk gksrkr- R;k xjtk gtjtckchi.ks iw.kz dj.;klkbh vkiy;k lgdk;zk kh laokn lk/kkok- R;klkBh ykx.kkjs vfkzo;olfkkiuslkbh dk;zdze ekydkdms ckjdkbzus ppkz djkoh- vki.k dk;zdze djr vlrkuk dk;zdzekps okrkoj.k vkuanh] mrlkgh o izqqfyyr jkghy vls dk;z djk- vkiy;k dk;zdzekrwu pkaxyk vuqhko vkiy;k ikbh kh jkgkok v kh lokszrd`"v vkiys lkeqfgd dk;z yksdkauk mrrksftr dj.kkjs vlkos- 16 ikslv bogsav%& bogsav >ky;kuarj iq<hy xks"vh fopkjkr?ks.;kr ;ko;kr- dk;zdzekps vk;kstu vkf.k fu;kstu dj.;kr lghkkxh vlysy;k lokzauk vksipkfjdi.ks /ku;okn n;kosr- R;kaP;k lghkkxkcìy vkhkkj ekukos- dk;zdzekyk ykx.kk&;k lsok lqfo/kk lk/kulkeqxzh ftdms nsowu R;kaps vkffkzd fg kskc ;kapk rkgesg?kkywu dk;zdze O;oLFkkidkus dk;zdzekpk vgoky r;kj dj.;kr ;kok- 2½ Lak?kVu dks ky;s& O;oLFkkiukrhy gk,d O;fDreRRo vaxh vl.kkjk xq.k vkgs- dkgh xq.k O;fDrauk tuer:p fegrkr- rj dkghauk iz;rukus fegq kdrkr- T;k O;fDraP;k vaxh la?kvu dks ky; vkgs- R;k O;fDradMs usr`ro gk xq.k vlsy] R;kp O;fDryk la?kvu dj.;kps dke gh djkos ykxrs- tks O;fDr kh pkaxyk laokn lk/krks] lkaf?kd Hkkouk T;kdMs vlrs] Lor:yk fo okl vlrk]s tks lgdk;z

17 djr vlrks] T;kdMs lgdk;zkph Hkkouk] lkekftd ckaf/kydh tksikl.kkjs] xksj&xjhckaph dnj dj.kk&;k] fu;feri.ks lr;kph lkfk /kj.kk&;k T;k O;fDr vlrkr] R;kaP;kdMs la?kvu dks ky; vlrs- dks.krkgh dk;zdze djr vlrkuk la?k Hkkouk Bsowu dke dsy;kl dk;z ; kloh gksrs- ;klkbh vki.kkyk la?kdks ky; vuqljkoh ykxrkr- dks.krs dke dks.kkdms lksiokos\ dks.krs dke dks.k djkos \ dks.k O;ofLFkr o ifj.kkedkjdfjr;k d: kdsy ;kph ;ksx; vk[k.kh djk;yk ikfgts- T;k O;fDr e/;s la?kvu dj.;kph {kerk vkgs- R;kuqlkj R;k&R;k O;fDrP;kdMs dke lksio.ks egrrokps vls- la?kvusph mf/n"vs] dk;z] O;kIrh] egrro] e;kznk ;kaps R;k&R;k O;fDruk izf k{k.k nsåu lkaf?kd Lo:ikph dk;zskph {kerk ok<fo.sks-,[kknk midzekps os;fdrd vk;kstu vlys rj deh O;fDr ykxrkr- R;kizek.ks dk;zdzekiek.ks O;fDr useko;kr ukghrj okn gks.;kph kd;rk vlrs] eksb;k izek.kkr vlsy rj R;k izek.kkr O;fDr usewu R;kP;k dk;zkph fohkkx.kh ns[khy O;ofLFkr dj.ks xjtsps vkgs- Eg.ktsp lkaf?kd dks ky; vl.kk&;k O;fDrph fuom dj.;kr ;koh- tsogk,[kn;k dk;zdzekr vmp.k vlys rj R;kosGh Lor: rsfks miflfkr jkgk- R;kauk ekxzn kzu djk- uofufezrhr izksrlkfgr djk] uopsrku; o mrlkg Hkjk- dk;zdr;kzph {kerk o xq.korrkok<hoj Hkj n;kok- T;kyk R;kyk dke fnysys vkgs rs dke djrkr] ;kph ikg.kh djk- fu;a=.k Bsok Eg.kts dk;zdzekps O;oLFkkiu pkaxys gksbzyvkt ekuokp;k os;fdrd o lkekftd thoukr vusd vkuannk;h lksggs lktjs dsys tkrkr rlsp dkgh nq%[kkp;k izlaxkaukgh lkeksjs tkos ykxrs- ;kosgh vusd yksd,d= ;srkrdks.kr;kgh kqhk izlaxkps vfkok?kvusps O;oLFkkiu ;ksx; i/nrhus gks.ks vko ;d vlrs dh T;keqGs osg] islk o Je ;kph cpr gksby- izlax vfkok?kvusps lqlaxri.ks gks.kkjs O;oLFkkiu Eg.ktsp izlax O;oLFkkiu gks;- vfkz %& izr;sd O;DrhP;k os;fdrd o lkoztfud thoukr vusd izlaxkaps vk;kstu dj.;kr ;srstls dh] ok<fnol] yxu lekjahk] brj /kkfezd fo/kh b- ;kf kok; O;ko;kf;d thoukr uohu olrw vfkok nqdkukpk kqhkkjahk ppkzz] ifj knk] dk;z kkgk br;knh- us gksrks 17

18 ojhy izlaxkps ;ksx; i/nrhus fu;kstu o O;oLFkkiu Ogkos] dk;zdze f klrhus Ogkos] dks.kkykgh =kl gks.kkj ukgh- dkgh xkas/kg mm.kkj ukgh- vi?kkr?km.kkj ukghr o lokzauk dk;zdzekapk vkuan yqvrk ;sbzy- ;k i/nrhus dk;zdzekps fu;kstu] la?kvu o fu;a=.k dj.ks Eg.kts izlax O;oLFkkiu gks;- fo ks"k izlax vfkok?kvuk gh Bjkfod dkgkiqjrh e;kzfnr vlrs] R;keqGs gs O;oLFkkiu R;k?kVusiqjrsp e;kzfnr vlrs- lacaf/kr izlax ; klohi.ks ikj ikm.;klkbh R;k izlaxkps O;ko;kf;d ikrghoj kkl= kq/n fu;kstu dsys tkrs- vls izlax vfolej.kh;] fu;kstuc/n o rk.kr.kko fojfgr vl.ks vr;ar vko ;d vlrs- fof k"v izlax Bjkfod fbdk.kh fdaok Bjkfod osgh pkaxy;k izdkjs lknj djrk ;kok Eg.kwu izlaxkph iwozr;kjh dsyh tkrs- izlaxkps mfì Vs] miflfkr] fu;af=r oxz] fofo/k djko;k ykx.kkú;k lqfo/kk] fofo/k dkekrhy leuo;] izlaxkps fu;a=.k br;knh vusd ckchapk bogsav ewustesav e/;s lekos k gksrksizlax o?kvuk fofo/k Lo:ikP;k vlrkr- izr;sd izlax gk nqlú;k izlaxkis{kk iw.kzi.ks fhkuu vlw kdrks- iwohzp;k dkgh izlaxkaps O;oLFkkiu gs la?kvudr;kzadmwu dsys tkr gksrs- ijarq lokzadms vl.kkjh osgsph derjrk y{kkr?ksrk bogsav ewustesav gh dkgkph xjt vly;kps fnlwu ;srslekjahk O;oLFkkiu gs,d kkl= vkgs- rlsp rh,d dyk ns[khy vkgs- cnyr;k dkgkph o vktp;k LIk/kkZ;qDr cktkjisbsph xjt vksg[kwu eksbeksb;k mriknd daiu;k lans kogukp;k ;k uo;k ek/;ekpk okij ljkzl djhr vkgsrvyhdms eksbeksbs lekjahk o lksggs lknj dj.;kph uohu QW ku lektkr :tr vkgs- ;k izlaxkr gtkjks yksd gtj jkgrkr- fookg vfkok brj izlax vr;ar FkkVkekVkr lktjs dsys tkrkrokgrqdhlkbh xkm;k] ikgq.;kap;k tso.kkph O;oLFkk] csbd O;oLFkk] ykbzfvax] dwyj] cwamifkd O;oLFkk] ik.;kph O;oLFkk] ikfdzax vusd ckchaps fu;kstu djkos ykxrs- ;k fu;kstukp;k ; kkojp lksgg;kps ; k voyacwu vlrs- 3½ O;oLFkkiu & midze fu;kstuke/;s O;OkLFkkiu gs O;olk; dks ky; vkgs-,[kkns dke fdaok tckcnkjh ikj ikm.;kph dqor Eg.kts dks ky;s gks;- ;kr vmp.kh nwj dj.;klkbh ;ksx; rks ekfgrhpk okij dj.ks vkf.k dk;zdzekarhy okrkoj.kkoj fu;a=.k Bso.ks ;kapk lekos k gksrks- dkgh dks ky;s tuetkr vlrkr rj cjhp kh dks ky;s ;ksx; f k{k.k] vuqhko] izf k{k.kkus fegork ;srkrvkiys dk;z izhkkohi.ks dj.;klkbh O;oLFkkidkl [kkyhy dks ky;kaph vaxhdkjkoh ykxrkr- 18

19 O;k[;k & 19 1½ b-,q-,y- czsp % ßmidzekP;k dk;kzps fu;kstku vkf.k fu;eu dj.;kph izfdz;k Eg.kts O;oLFkkiu-Þ 2½ LVWuys OgkUl % ßiwoZfu/kZfjr mfn~n VakP;k iwrzrslkbh fu.kz;?ks.;kph] rlsp midzekr dke dj.kk&;k O;DrhaP;k gkypkyhaoj fu;a=.k?ks.;kph fdz;k Eg.kts O;oLFkkiu gks;-þ 3½ MCyw- vkj- flizaxy % ßO;oLFkkiukpk laca/k iz kklukus Bjowu fnysy;k /kksj.kkaph vaeyctko.kh dj.;k kh vlwu] rs dk;zdkjh Lo:ikps dk;z gks;-þ Ojhy lokz ifjhkk kkapk fopkj djrk vls Eg.krk ;sbzy dh] ;k foospukp;k vk/kkjs O;oLFkkiukpk vfkz] mfn~n V rlsp O;oLFkkiukP;k tckcnkjhoj iqjslk izdk k imrks- 1½ midzefo k;d dks ky;% midzekp;k ok<hlkbh uo;k dyiuk] uo fufezrrh] uos Vdksu kks/kwu rs izr;{kkr vk.k.ks vko ;d vlrs- ;k dks ky;keqgs dk;zdzekarht iz u lgti.ks lksmork ;srkr] rlsp ;k dk;zdzekaph mn~sn k lgt lqy djrk ;srkr- 2½ iz kkldh; dks ky; % O;oLFkkid gk mrrke iz kkld vlyk ikfgts- ;ksx; izdkjs O;oLFkkidh; dkes ikj ikm.;lkbh R;kP;kdMs vl.kk&;k dk;z kdrhpk oij d:u midzekps ; k voyacwu vlr-s midze ykx.kk&;k O;Drh izf f{kr O;Drh lk/kulkeqxzh lkfgr; ;kap;kr esg?kkyrk ikfgts- ; fofo/k dkekr,dlw=rk vk.k.ks gh dks ky;s fegokoh ykxrkr- vm;.khp;kosghs ldkjkred ifjflfkrhr dke d:u?ks.ks gs iz kkldh; dks ky;s vkgs- 3½ fu.kz;?kssss.;kps dks ky; & O;LFkkidkdMs pkaxys fu.kz;?ks.;kps dkss ky; vlkos ykxrs- O;oLFkkid gk vkiy;k O;olk;ke/;s njjkst NkssVs&eksBs fu.kz;?ks.ks R;kyk dzeizkir vlrs- O;LFkkidkdMs fu.kz;?ks.;kph kdrh vlyh ikfgts- dks.krkgh fu.kz; rkcmrksc Hkfo ;krhy nwj Vhdksu Bsowu o LkdkjkRed rkrdkg fu.kz; ns.;kph R;kaP;kdMs dqor vlyh ikfgts o vuqhkokp;k vk/kkjs ;ksx; rks fu.kz;?ksowu dk;zdze pkaxy;kizdkjs ikj ikmrk ;srks- 4½ rkaf=d dks ky; & midzefu;kstuke/;s O;oLFkkidkyk midzekfo k;h dkgh rkaf=d ekfgrh vl.ks vr;ko ;d vlrs- R;k dk;zdzekyk ykx.kk&;k rkaf=d ekfgrhph FkksM;k izek.kkr vksg[k R;k

20 fo k;krhy rk yksdkapk lgdk;zkus rlsp vk/kqfud O;olk; ;qxke/;s lax.kkph ekfgrh vl.ks vr;ko ;d >kys vkgs- R;keqGs dks.kr;kgh midzekyk ykx.k&;k rkaf=d dks ky;kaph ekfgrh o vuqhko vkiy;kdms vl.ks vko ;d >kys vkgs- R;k ek/;ekarwu v ViSyw O;DrheRo vlysyk O;oLFkkid vlkok ykxrks 4½ cktkjisb logsz{k.k] cktkj fo ys"k.kàla kks/ku %& lekjahk vk;ksftr dj.;kiwohz vkiy;k bfpnr lekjahkklkbh,[kknh cktkjisb vkgs fdaok ukgh gs kks/k.ks xjtsps vlrs- mnk %& vki.k vkseku e/;s QW ku kks vk;ksftr djr vlky rj rks ; kloh gks.kkj ukgh dkj.k frfkyh laldrrh R;kyk iks kd ukgh rlsp vki.k T;k cktkjisbse/;s lekjahk vk;ksftr d: bfpnrks frfkys Jksrs & xzkgd dls vkgsr- R;kaph lkekftd o vkffkzd ekfgrh] R;kaph vkom & fuom ekfgrh gkså kdrs- rlsp R;kaps fjrh & fjokt] ijaijk o /kez ekfgrh vlsy rj lozeku; lekjahk dj.ks lksis tkrs- ;klkbh cktkjisbsps fo ys"k.k dj.ks xjtsps BjrsbOgsaV ewustkesav djr vlrkuk iqu: p cktkjisbpk vh;kl dj.ks gs dzeizkirp vkg-s midzekyk ykx.kkjh lk/ku&lkeqxzh] NksV;k&eksB;k olrw ;kaph [kjsnh dj.kk&;k n`"vhus] midzekyk ykx.kkjs loz lkfgr;] dks.kr;k cktkjisbsr dksbs] R;kph fdaer fdrh dks.kr;k Lo:ikps rs vlsy R;kpk okij vki.k dlk dj.kkj vkgskr- R;kpk ntkkz dlk vlk.kkj vkgs- ;k lokzpk fopkj dj.ks Eg.ktsp cktkjisbsps losz{k.k gks;- cktkjisbsr izfke dks.krk eky] R;k ekykps mriknu dksbs gksrs- R;kpkoj izfdz;k dksbs gksrs- R;kpk ekyd dks.k vkgs- R;kP;k vis{kk dk; vkgsr- R;k ekykpk ntkkz o xq.korrkk dk; vkgs- R;kph dkye;kznk dk; vkgs- R;kph?kkÅd cktkkjisb dksbs o d kh vkgs- fdjdksg CkkTkkjisB d kh o dksbs vkgs- fdjdksg cktkjisb d kh o R;kph fdaer d kh vl.kkj vkgs- R;kP;k okgrqdhpk ekxz dk; vkgs- rks vkiy;k Ik;Zar fdrh dkyko/khr iksgp.kkj vkgs- R;kP;k,soth nql&;k olrwpk okij djrk ;s.kkj vkgs dk] ;kpkgh vh;kl dj.ks xjtsps vkgs- R;k lkfgr;kpk ekxksok gh xzkgdkadmwu?;kok aykx.kkjs vkgsmidze fu;a=.kklkbh dj.kkjs loz lkfgr; lk/ku lkeqxzh] xq.korrkk] R;kps eqg mriknu] fozdhph izfdz;k] [kjnh o vkiy;k midzekps vkffkzd rjrwn ;kph lkaxm?kkywu midze ikj ikmkok ykxr vlrsk- R;krwu gks.kkjk uqk gk vkiy;k midzekpk Qk;nk vlrks- R;keqGs 20

21 vkiy;kdms vl.kk&;k lkfgr; HkkM;kus?ks.ks dzeizkir vlrs- R;kpk vkiy;kyk vankt ;sr vlrkscktkjisbsps loksz{k.k gs midze fu;ksurhy,d egrrokpk Hkkx vkgs- 21