izdj.k ifgys izlrkouk] mn~ns k o egro izklrkouk % Hkkjr gk d` kh iz/kku ns k vlqu 70 VDds turk d` kh O;olk;kr dk;zjr vkgs- g;k ns kkrhy tklrhr tklr

Transkript

1 izdj.k ifgys izlrkouk] mn~ns k o egro izklrkouk % Hkkjr gk d` kh iz/kku ns k vlqu 70 VDds turk d` kh O;olk;kr dk;zjr vkgs- g;k ns kkrhy tklrhr tklr yksdla[;k d` kh O;olk;kr dk;zjr vly;kus d` kh O;oLFksr ksrhps osxgs egro fo kn dj.;kph vko ;drk ukgh- Hkkjrh; vfkzo;olfkk d` khiz/kku vly;kus HkkjRkkP;k vksn;ksfxd vkffkzd fodklkpk izeq[k L=ksr ksrh gkp vkgsvksn;ksfxdj.k vkf.k vkffkzd fodkl ;k fodkl:ih jfkkp;k nksugh pkdkauk d` kh:is vklkus lw=jfkkus cka/kwu Bsoys vkgs- g;k d` kh:ih vklkyk vkiy;k gkrkr /k:u Bso.kkjh turk xzkeh.k Hkkxkr vkgsnqlú;k kcnkr Hkkjr gk [ksm;kpk ns k vkgs- vkf.k d` kh O;olk; xzkeh.k O;olk; vly;keqgs /kkuizfø;k mn;ksxlq/nk xzkeh.k mn;ksx vkgs- xzkeh.k {ks=kr /kkukps mriknu ksretqjkaph miyc/krk] xzkeh.k ifjogukph lk/kus vkf.k mriknukyk LFkkuhd ekx.kh vly;kus gk mn;ksx xzkeh.k mn;ksx Eg.kwu lacks/ky;k tkrks- Ikk.kh gk ek.klkpk thoukpk vk/kkj vkgs- laiw.kz jkt;kph] ns kkph vkffkzd lkekftd le`/nh ik.;kp;k lkb;koj voyacqu vkgsek.klkp;k kk or fodklklkbh ik.kh veqy; vkgs- ikolkonkjs feg.kkjs ik.kh /kj.kkp;k ik.kyksv{ks= fodkl dkekap;k o HkwtykaP;k ek/;ekrwu vmowu vko ;drsuqlkj R;kpkokij dj.;klkbh fofo/k ;kstuk vk[k.ks] jkcfo.ks] R;klkBh fofo/k iz;ksx dj.ks vko ;d vkgs- vkt jkt;krhy Hkwty okijkaisdh 85 VDds okij flapuklkbh] 10 VDds okij vks ksfxdrslkbh vkf.k fuoog 5 VDds okij fi.;kp;k ik.;klkbh gksrksegkjk Vª jkt;kph Hkwi` Bh; flfkrh ifgy;kl y{kkr ;srs dh ;kr 1@3 MksaxjkG] 1@3 vo kz.kizo.k o 1@3 vfritzu;kps {ks= vkgs VDds dbh.k ik kk.kkph Hkw kkl=h; jpuk vkgs- ;sfks itzu;kckcr ygjhi.kk vly;kus ikål im.;kr cjhp fo kerk vk<grs- R;kr ikolkps ik.kh tfeuhrwu eqjrs ¼T;kyk vki.k HkwtyL=ksr Eg.krks½ fdaok Hkwi` Bko:u okgwu tkrks- Hkwi` Bk[kkyhy tylairrhpk lap; o 1

2 miyc/krk gh itzu;eku] Hkwi` Bkph flfkrh o HkwxHkkZph flfkrh ;koj voyacqu vlrs R;keqGsp ik.;kps fu;kstu o O;oLFkkiu xjtsps BjrsnqnSokus vkt jkt;hkj Hkwty ikrgh [kkykor pkyyh vkgscksvjosylph la[;k izpam ok<y;kus ik.;kpk milk izpam eksb;k izek.kkr gksr vkgs- ijarq R;k rqyusr Hkwtykps lao/kzu iquhkzj.k gksr ukgh fg fparsph ckc vkgs- Hkkjrkr ikolkph vfuf prrk o vfu;feri.kkeqgs Hkkjrh; ksrhyk ekulwupk tqxkj EgVys vkgs- Eg.kwu HkkjrkP;k ckcrhr ik.;kps egro Water is life without water all living things die. vls vkgs- lthokauk thou tx.;kdjhrk vuuis{kkgh ik.;kph xjt vkgs- Eg.kwu ik.;kyk thou vls lacks/krkr- ik.kh Eg.kts ksrhps thou o ik;k vkgs- Hkkjrh; ksrh ik.;koj txrs o ik.;kfouk u V gksrs vls EgVys tkrs- Hkkjrkr ik.khiqjobk >ky;kl tehuhph mrikndrk lkr ivhus ok<rs vkf.k iwohz T;k tehuhr iqohz dkghgh mriuu dsys tkow kdr uogrs- R;k tfeuhph mrikndrk eksb;k izek.kkr ok<rs- MkW- Ogk;ydkj ;kauh rj vls EgVys vkgs dh] ksrh dj.;kr fofo/k lalk/kukisdh Hkkjrh; ksrdú;kyk [kr vkf.k ik.kh i;kzir izek.kkr fegky;kl rks okgoavkps ns[khy uanuou d: kdrks Eg.ktsp ksrhph izxrh o fodkl ik.khiqjob;koj voyacqu vkgs vls Eg.krk ;sbzy- Hkkjrkyk d` kh iz/kku jk Vª Eg.kwup vktgh vksg[kys tkrsdkj.k Hkkjrkrhy,dw.k jk Vªh; mriuukr d` khps ;ksxnku 25izfr krp;k togikl vkgs ekxhy iuukl o kkzp;k dkgkr jk Vªh; mriknukrhy d` khpk okvk deh >kysyk vlyk rjh vfkzo;olfksr d` khps egro deh >kysys ukgh- yksdla[;k ok<hcjkscj d` kh mriknu R;k izek.kkru ok<y;kus vuu/kku;kph xahkhj lel;k fuekz.k gksrs- ;koj mik; Eg.kts tyflapukonkjs mriknu ok<fo.ks gks;- flapu O;olk;keqGs mriknu o mrikndrk fdrh ok<rs\ vkf.k mriuukr gks.kkjh ok< fdrh vkgs gk vkffkzd v/;;ukpk eqg fo k; vkgs- ;k n` Vhus izlrqr fo k;kyk vfkz kkl=kr vuu; lk/kkj.k egro izkir >kys vkgs- 2

3 orzeku Hkkjrh; ksrdjh vkf.k Hkkjr 2020 %& ns k vkffkzd egklrrkk curks vkgs gs fo/kku fl/n dj.;klkbh fofo/k iqjkos iq<s dsys tkrkr- vkffkzd fodklkpk nj ok<yk vkgs],dk cktwyk fodklkpk nj ok<r vkgs] Hkkjr egklrrkk curks vkgs- gs eukyk xqnxqny;k dj.kkjs fo/kku nqlú;k cktwyk r:.kke/khy ok<rh csdkjh] vkfnoklhe/;s cky e`r;qps ok<ras izek.k] ok<rs dqiks k.k] ns kkhkjkrhy ksrdú;kap;k ok<r;k vkregr;k gsgh oklro vkgs- gs oklro ukdk:u ^egklkrrs* ph dyiuk ipk;yk vo?km tkr vkgsfodklkpk nj ok<rks vkgs r khp csdkjhgh ok<rs vkgs- v kk fodklkyk vfkz kkl=h vkrk ^ tkwcysl xzksfk* Eg.kw ykxys vkgsr- v kk fodklkyk [kjks[kjp fodkl Eg.kk;pk fdaok ukgh vlsgh iz u eksb;k izek.kkoj mhks dsys tkr vkgsr- vkffkzd fodklkpk nj ok<r vkgs] i.k R;kpk folrkj mpp&e/;e oxkziqjrk e;kzfnr vkgs- rks [kkyi;zar iksgkspr ukghegkrek xka/kh ps ksrhcn~ny fopkj %& egkrek xka/khp;k usr`rokr gk ns k Lora= >kyk- dsog jktdh; Lokra ; R;kauk d/khp vfhkizsr uogrs- xksjk tkåu dsog dkgk ;kok] ijdk tkowu vkiyk ;kok vkf.k vkiy;kauh /kksj.ks ek=?kjp;kphp jkcokohr] R;klkBh R;kauh fuf prp vkiyk nsg f>toyk ukgh- ^ykwlv esu ksovpk ek.kwl gk R;kP;k Lokra ;kpk dsanzfcanq gksrk- ;k ksovp;k ek.klkyk vkregr;k d:u ksov djkok ykxr vlsy rj gh eksbh kksdkafrdkp Eg.kkoh ykxsy- egkrek xka/khuh dks.khrjh R;kaP;k vfkz kkl=kph ifjhkk kk fopkjyh gksrh- R;koj,dk vksghr ^Vq duogvz oslv bu Vw osyfk bv bt n MsfQus ku vkwq ek; bdkwukwfedl* gs R;kps mrrkj gksrs- ts ts Eg.kwu ^ok;k* tk.kkjs vkgs R;kps ^lairrkh* e/;s :ikarj.k dj.ks gh egkre;kph vfkzuhfr gksrh- vkiy;k ns kkr r:.kkbz ^lairrkh* e/;s :ikarfjr djk;ph vlsy rj fryk jkstxkj ns.ks xjtsps vkgs- 3

4 la kks/ku lel;sps o.kzu % tylaink fohkkxkyk ¼iwohZpk ikvca/kkjs fohkkx½ 150 o kkzpk mtoy bfrgkl vkgs- egkjk Vª jkt;kph fuehzrh 1960 lkyh iqohzp;k eqacbz jkt;kps fohkktu egkjk Vª o xqtjkr e/;s >ky;kuarj >kyh lkyh lkoztfud cka/kdke fohkkxkps ikvca/kkjs fohkkx vkf.k bekjrh o jlrs fohkkx vls fohkktu >kys- 26 vkwdvksacj 2004 iklwu ikvca/kkjs fohkkxkps tylaink fohkkx Eg.kwu ukedj.k dj.;kr vkys vkgsegkjk Vª jkt; LFkkiusiwohZ eqacbz] iq.ks o ukf kd ;k rhu fohkkxkadjhrk rhu osxosxgs ikvca/kkjs vf/kfu;e vflrrokr vkys gksrs- if pe egkjk Vªkdjhrk eqacbz flapu dk;nk 1931 rj fonhkz fohkkxkdjhrk lsavªy izksfogtu dk;nk vf/kfu;e 1931 rj ejkbokmk fohkkxkdjhrk gsnzkckn flapu dk;nk 1848 ykxw gksrk- jkt; iwuzjpusuarj flapu fodklkyk xrh vkyh- ijarq osxosxg;k izns kkr osxosxgs dk;ns ykxw vly;kus ik.kh laca/kkrhy ;kstuk dk;kzuohr djrkuk vmp.kh fuekz.k gksow ykxy;k R;keqGs laiw.kz egkjk Vªkyk ykxw gks.kkjk dk;nk 5 vkwx V 1676 jksth ikvca/kkjs vf/kfu;e r;kj dj.;kr vkykegkjk Vªkps] HkkSxksfyd {ks= n ky{k gsdvlz vlwu] ykxomhyk;d {ks= 22-5 n ky{k gsdvlz vkgs- d` kh fodklkdjhrk tylaink fohkkx egrokph Hkwfedk ctkor vkgs- flapu {kerk fufezrhe/;s egkjk Vªkus Hkjho dkefxjh dsyh vkgs- egkjk Vª jkt; LFkkiusosGh jkt;kph flapu {kerk 3-86 n ky{k gsdvlz,o<h gksrhvkrk gh flapu {kerk 12-6 n ky{k gsdvlz i;zar iksgkspyh vkgs- ;kisdh 8-5 n ky{k gsdvlz flapu {kerk Hkwi` Bh; tykeqgs o 4-1 n ky{k gsdvlz Hkwi` Bk[kkyhy tykeqgs fuekz.k >kyh vkgs- twu 2010 i;zar Hkwi` Bkojhy ik.;keqgs fuekz.k >kysyh flapu {kerk 4-6 n ky{k gsdvlz,o<h vkgs- jkt;kp;k,dw.k ik.kh okijkisdh 80% ik.khokij flapukdjhrk] 12% ik.khokij?kjxqrh okijkdjhrk] 40% ik.khokij vks ksfxd okijkdjhrk o mozjhr ik.khokij vksf ed] tyfo qr mtkz fdaok brj dkj.kkalkbh gksr vkgs- egkjk Vªkrhy cgqrka k yksdkaps thou ksrh fdaok ksrhlaca/khr O;olk;koj voyacwu vkgs- jkt;kap;k 4

5 vfkzdkj.kke/;s ksrh vkf.k ksrhfo k;d O;olk;kaps LFkku vr;ar egrokps vkgs- ;keqgs d` kh mriknuok<hlkbh iqjsls] osgsoj o [kk=h khji.ks flapu gks.ks vr;ar egrokps o vko ;d vkgsegkjk Vªkr,dw.k 400 u k vkgsr o ;kaph,dw.k ykach togikl 20]000 fd-eh- brdh vkgs- egkjk Vª jkt;kps okf kzd itz.;eku lk/kkj.ki.ks 400 feeh rs 6000 feeh P;k nje;ku vkgs- egkjk Vªkps ljkljh itz.;eku 106 feeh brds vkgs- jkt;kr tklrhrtklr ikål ikolkg;kr Eg.ktsp twu rs livsacj nje;ku imrks- o ;krhy cgqrka kh ikål ;k dkyko/khr 40 rs 100 fnolkp;k nje;ku imrksegkjk Vªkyk flapukph tquh ijaijk vkgs- vkrklq/nk vflrrokr vlysyh flapukph i/nrh gh 300 rs 350 o kkziwohzph tquh flapu i/nr vkgs o rh flapukph lokzr fdqk;r khj flapu O;oLFkkiu i/nr vkgsegkjk Vªke/;s dkyok i/nrhus flapu dj.;kp;k i/nrhe/;s lj,efo os ojs;k ;kapk flgkapk okvk vkgs- ;kauh kkl= i/nrhus flapukpk vh;kl dsyk- yksdlghkkxkrwu flapu i/nrhps O;oLFkkiu ra= lozizfke egkjk Vª jkt;kus vaxhdkjys vkgs- [kjs rj ksrdú;kap;k lghkkxkrwu ksrh fdaok flapu gh ckc ns kkyk fdaok jkt;kyk uohu ukgh- vxnh lkro;k krdkr dkosjh unhp;k mxe Hkkxkr ik.kh okij lalfkk dk;kzfuor vly;kps nk[kys bfrgklkr vk<gwu ;srkr- jkt;kp;k fofo/k Hkkxke/;s ik.kh okij lalfkk ; kloh LFkkiuk >ky;k] vlwu ifgyh ik.khokij lalfkk lu 1984 e/;s LFkkiu >kyh] R;k vk/kkjs egkjk Vª kklukus] flapukpk ykhk?ks.kkú;k ykhkkf;hzauk] ik.khokij lalfkk LFkkiu dj.ks] ca/kudkjd dsysys vkgs- vkrki;zar flapukdjhrk 86 eksbs izdyi] 258 e/;e izdyi o 3108 y?kw izdyi tylaink fohkkxkus iw.kz dsys vkgsrfonhkkze/;s nksu krdakiwohz ekyxqtkjh rykokaps cka/kdke dj.;kr vkys- [kmdoklyk] nkj.kk o HkaMkjnjk ;k /kj.kkaph dkes lu 1926 iwohz >kysyh vkgs- dksygkiwjps lalfkkfud Jhear N- kkgw egkjkt ;kauh jk/kkuxjh /kj.k cka/kys- /kj.kkrhy ik.kh unhe/;s lksmwu fofo/k fbdk.kh NksVs ca/kkjs cka/kwu] rsfks ik.kh vmowu] R;kOnkjs flapu dj.;kr vkys- gs 5

6 ca/kkjs R;k dkgkr vfr k; yksdfiz; Bjys- ;k ca/kkú;kauk dksygkiwj i/nrhps ca/kkj Eg.kwu vksg[k.;kr ;srs- egkjk Vª jkt;kp;k fuehzrhuarj 1962 lkyh] ifgyk flapu vk;ksx LFkkiu dj.;kr vkyk- ik.;kps L=ksr rlsp miyc/k L=ksrkapk dkvdljhus okij dj.;klkbhps nwjxkeh /kksj.k Bjfo.;klkBh] ;k vk;ksxkph LFkkiuk dj.;kr vkyh- rnuarj tylaink fohkkxkekqzr eksb;k izek.kkoj izdyikaph cka/kdkes gkrh?ks.;kr vkyh- tylaink fohkkxkus lu 2011 i;zar xkbysys fodklkps fofo/k VIis [kkyhy izek.ks vkgsr- ;kp dkyko/khe/;s] flapu O;oLFkkiukP;k lq/kkj.kslg /kj.kkaph cka/kdkes o izdyike/;sgh lq/kkj.kk dj.;kr vky;k- iw.kz >kysy;k izdyikaph ;ksx; ns[khkky o nq:lrh d:u] ik.;kpk vio;o Fkkacowu vf/kdkf/kd ik.kh vckf/kr Bsowu] flapu dj.;kph ladyiuk gh ;kp dkgkr :tyh xsyh- Ekgkjk Vª kklukus] ikvca/kkjs izdyi tyn xrhus iw.kz dj.;kdjhrk ikp fodkl egkeamgkaph LFkkiuk dsyh R;ke/;s egkjk Vª d`.kk [kksjs fodkl egkeamg] fonhkz ikvca/kkjs fodkl egkeamg] rkih ikvca/kkjs fodkl egkeamg] ejkbokmk ikvca/kkjs fodkl egkeamg] dksd.k ikvca/kkjs fodkl egkeamg ;kapk lekos k vkgs- ;k eamgkps eq[; vf/kdkjh gs kklukp;k lfpo ntkzps vlqu R;kauk dk;zdkjh lapkyd vls inuke ns.;kr vkys vkgs- LFkkiusuarj lq:okrhp;k dkgke/;s] ;k egkeamgkauk [kqy;k cktkjkrwu] fu/kh mhkk dj.;kph] ijokuxh ns.;kr vkyh gksrh- l/;k ;k loz egkeamgklkbh egkjk Vª ikvca/kkjs forr egkeamgkonkjs,df=r fu/kh mhkk dsyk tkrks- ts izdyi egkeamgkp;k v[kr;kfjr ;sr ukghr rs tylaink fohkkxkp;k vf/kir;k[kkyh ;srkrl/;k vlrhrokr vlysy;k loz ikvca/kkjs fodkl egkeamgkaph iwuzjpuk gh unh fodkl vfhkdj.kke/;s d:u] unh [kksú;kap;k fu;kstu o O;oLFkkiuke/;s cny d:u] jkt;kp;k flapu {kersl cgdvh vk.k.;kp;k n` Vhus kklukus Bksl ikåy mpyys vkgs- HkkSxksfydn` V;k jkt;kps 5 unh [kksú;ke/;s fohkktu dj.;kr vkys vkgs- ;ke/;s d`.kk] xksnkojh] rkih] ueznk o dksd.k Hkkxkrhy if peokghuh u k 6

7 ;kapk lekos k vkgs- ;k 5 unh [kksú;kap;k O;ofLFkr fu;kstuklkbh R;kaps fohkktu iqugk 25 mi [kksú;kar dj.;kr vkys vkgsflapu lqfo/kkaps fu;kstu o fodklkaph dkes kklukus] tylaink fohkkx] xkzeh.k fodkl o tyla/kkj.k fohkkx ;kapsdms lkaioyh vkgsr- T;k eksb;k] e/;e o y?kq ikvca/kkjs izdyikaps ykxomh ;ksx; {ks= 250 gsdvj is{kk tklr vkgs] R;ka izdyikaps losz{k.k] fu;kstu o ladyiu cka/kdke o tyo;olfkkiukph dkes gs tylaink fohkkxkekqzr dj.;kr ;srkr- T;k ikvca/kkjs izdyikaps ykxomh ;ksx; {ks= gs 250 gsdvj is{kk deh vkgs R;kaps losz{k.k] fu;kstu] cka/kdke o O;oLFkkiu gs xzkeh.k fodkl o tyla/kkj.k fohkkxkdms lksifo.;kr vkys vkgs- ;k O;frfjDr dksygkiwj i/nrhp;k ca/kkú;kps fu;kstu] cka/kdke o O;oLFkkiu] milk flapu ;kstuk] og.k ca/kkjs] ik>j ryko] xkorgh] y?kq ikvca/kkjs ryko o 100 gsdvj is{kk deh ykxomh ;ksx; {ks= vlysys y?kq ikvca/kkjsph dkes ftyg;kp;k LFkkuhd ikrghoj] ftygk ifj knsp;k xzkeh.k fodkl fohkkxkdms lksifo.;kr vkysyh vkgs- ksrdú;kauk flapu O;oLFkkiuke/;s lghkkxh d:u?ks.;kph kklukph Hkwfedk vf/kd ewrz Lo:ikr izr;{kkr vk.k.;klkbh flapu izdyi iw.kz >ky;kuarj R;kps izpkyu o O;oLFkkiu yksdkadmwu o yksdkalkbh gks.ks ghp yksd kkghph ewy;f/kf Br ifjhkk kk vkgs- ;kp rrokyk vuql:u] fo/kheamgkr lfolrj ppkz gksowu loz ykhkkfk;hzuk leku U;k; ns.kkjk o nqczy ksrdú;kauk ik.;kpk vf/kdkj ns.kkjk egkjk VªkP;k flapu fodklkpk /;kl Bso.kkjk o iqpnhkkxkrhy ksrdú;kap;k vflersph dkl /kj.kkjk dk;nk vflrrokr vkyk vkf.k rks Eg.kts egkjk Vª flapu i/nrhps ksrdú;kadmwu O;oLFkkkiu dk;nk 2005 gks;- egkjk Vª kklukus ik.kh okij lalfkkauk gk dk;nk ykxw dsyk vkgs- R;keqGs tylaink fohkkxkdmwu ksrdú;kayk os;fdrdfjr;k ik.kh ns.;kr ;s.kkj ukgh] rj fohkkx dsog ik.kh okij lalfksykp?kuekiu i/nrhus ik.kh miyc/k d:u nsbzy o kklu dsog ik.kh okij lalfkk o ksrdjh ;kae/khy nqok jkghy- ik.kh okij lalfkk LFkkiu d:u R;k flapu O;oLFkkiuklkBh ksrdú;akpsdms glrkarj d:u kklukus ;ke/;s 7

8 lqyhkrk vk.kyh vkgs- gs tylaink O;oLFkkiukps Qkj eksbs lk/; vkgs vlsp Eg.kkos ykxsy- lel;k (Problem) %& 1½ /kku; mriknu dj.kkú;k ksrdú;kauk R;kaP;k /kku;kph ;ksx; fdaer fegr ukgh- 2½ vfu;fer ikål imr vly;kus.kku; mrikndkauk usgehp uslfxzd izdksikyk cgh imkos ykxrs- 3½ HkkaMoykph [kqi eksbh lel;k vly;kus ksrdú;kadmwu uohu vkstkjkaph [kjsnh gksow kdr ukgh- 4½ rka=hd Kkukpk ksrdú;kae/;s vhkko vly;kus mriknukr ok, fnlqu ;sr ukgh- 5½ fc&fc;k.kkap;k o [krkap;k ok<r;k fderheqgs R;k ekukus mriknukr ok< u >ky;kus ksrdú;kaph fujk kk gksrs- la kks/ku fo k;kps egro (Important of Research subject) %& 1½ ksrdú;kap;k n`f Vdks.kkrqu egro %& Hkkjrh; ksrdjh xjhc] vf kf{kr] deh f kdysys] vkf.k vla?kfvr vkgs- R;kP;k d` kh mriknukr ok< Ogkoh] R;kaph Qlo.kqd gksoq u;s] R;kaph lksnk kdrh ok<koh] R;kaP;k ksrekykyk ;ksx; Hkko fegqu ykhk fegkok] R;kaph cpr fuekz.k Ogkoh] cpr gs HkkaMoy fuehzrhps lk/ku vkgs- HkkaMoy fuehzrheqgs ksrh {ks=kr xqaro.kqd ok<hyk o vf/kd esgur dj.;kl izksrlkgu fegkos Eg.kwu ksrdú;kapk vkffkzd o lkekftd fodkl?kmowu ;kok- Eg.kqu izlrqr kks/k fo k;kps egro vkgs- 2½ ns kkp;k n`f Vus egro %& ns kkrhy loz ukxfjdkauk oktoh njkr lgt vuu izkir Ogkos gs izr;sd ljdkjps drzo; vlrs- jkstxkjkr ok< Ogkoh] mriknukr ok< Ogkoh] fu;kzrh e/;s ok< Ogkoh] vks ksxhd {ks=kyk enr fegkoh] njmksbz mriuukr ok< Ogkoh] vkarjjk Vªh; pyu izkir Ogkos] ekx.kh o iqjob;kr larqyu fuekz.k Ogkos- yksdkaph 8

9 Ø; kdrh ok<koh- ns kkpk vkffkzd o lkekftd fodkl?kmwu ;kok] Eg.kqu izlrqr kks/k fo k;kps egro vkgs- 3½ vkarjjk Vªh; O;kikjkP;k n`f Vus egro %& egkjk Vª,;jiksVZ MsOgYiesaV daiuh Onkjk ukxiwj ;sfks izlrkfor ^^eyvh ekwmsy bavjuw kuy gc,;jiksvz ukxiwj (Multi Model International Hub Airport at Nagpur) MIHAN** fg egrodka{kh ;kstuk lq: >kysyh vkgs- ukxiwj iklqu xksafn;k ftyg;kps varj 169 fdyksehvj nqj vkgs- ukxiwjkr izlrkfor ^^dkxksz gc** pk ykhk xksafn;k ftyg;krhy ksrdú;kauk izkir gksbzy dkj.k vkarjjk Vªh; O;kikjkP;k n`f Vus ukxiwjps egro fnolsafnol ok<r vkgs- o txkp;k udk kkoj ukxiwjps LFkku izeq[krsus fnlqu ;sr vkgs- R;keqGs g;k ;kstuspk ykhk QDr ukxiwjykp u fegrk vktqcktqp;k {ks=kyk lq/nk fegsy- o fu;kzr O;kikjkvarxZr d` kh eky fu;kzrhyk pkaxys fnol izkir gksrhy R;keqGs xksafn;k ftyg;krhy rlsp frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ksrdú;kauk d` kh eky fu;kzrhpk Qk;nk fegsy Eg.kwu izlrqr kks/k izca/kkps egro vkgs- la kks/ku fo k;kph fuom %& ^^frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ¼ft- xksafn;k½ y?kq&flapu izdyikaps d` kh fodklkr ;ksxnku&,d vh;kl** izlrqr kks/k izca/kukph vko ;d Eg.kts frjksmk rkyqd;krhy d` kh mriknu ksrdjh gksr- frjksmk rkyqd;kr flaphr ksrhph mrikndrk o vflaphr ksrhph mrikndrk g;kapk rqyukred flapukph d` kh fohkkxkr ;ksxnku vkgs gs kks/kwu dk<.ks gks;- tls ik.;kf kok; ek ;kap;k ¼ekls½ thoari.kkph dyiuk djrk ;sr ukgh rls flapukf kok; mrre ksrhph dyiuk dj.ks pwdhph vkgs- y?kq flapu izdyikeqgs d` khpk fodkl >kyk fdaok ukgh kks/kwu dk<.ks] vk.k[kh flapukph fdrh xjt vkgs gs kks/kwu dk<.ks rlsp ksrh O;rhfjDr brj fofo/k {ks=krhy vks ksxhd?kvdkaps eqy;ekiu lrr pkyw vlrs- R;kiklwup ufou fopkj izokg ufou dk;zi/nrhpk kks/k?ksryk tkrks- lq/kkj.kk lqpfoy;k tkrkr] R;kapk fud k ykoyk tkrks 9

10 vkf.k R;kaph vaeyctko.kh dsyh tkrs rlsp d` kh m ksxkckcr tk.kho gks.ks vko ;d vkgs gs y{kkr?ksowu lnj y?kq kks/k izdyikpk vh;kl dsyk vkgs- la kks/kukph mfn V;s % ^^frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ¼ft- xksafn;k½ y?kq&flapu izdyikaps d` kh fodklkr ;ksxnku&,d vh;kl** izlrqr kks/k izca/kukps mfn Vs [kkyhy izek.ks vkgs- 1 flapu O;oLFkkiukeqGs LFkk;h] gaxkeh o,dw.k jkstxkj fuferhzoj dk; ifj.kke >kyk ;kpk vh;kl dj.ks- 1 flapu izdyikeqgs ksrhp;k mrikndrsr fdrh ivhus ok< >kyk R;kpk vh;kl dj.ks- 2 flapu O;oLFkseqGs ksrdú;kap;k vkffkzd o lkekftd flfkrhrhy cnykaps v/;;u dj.ks- 3 flapu izdyikpk iqjsiqj okij dj.;kr ;sr vkgs dk;] ;kps v/;;u dj.ks- 4 /kku; mriknuklaca/kh ;s.kkú;k lel;kaps v/;;u dj.ks- 5 ksrdú;kauk feg.kkú;k fofo/k lks;hpk kks/k?ks.ks o R;k fdriv ksrdú;kauk fegky;k R;kpk izr;{kkr fdrh Qk;nk >kyk ;kpsgh v/;;u dj.ks- 6 /kku; mrikndkap;k mriuu o [kpkzps R;kaP;k mriuu xvkuqlkj v/;;u dj.ks o fo ys k.k dj.ks- 7 ksrdú;kauk fidkiklwu gks.kkú;k ykhk o rksvk ;kapk vh;kl dj.ks- 8 frjksmk rkyqd;krhy tyflapu {kersps v/;;.k dj.ks- 9 ugj cka/kuh dp;k Lo:ikph vly;keqgs okjaokj ik.;kpk vio;; gksr jkgrks- R;kdfjrk ;s.kkjk [kpz vkf.k ik.;kpk vio;; gksr jkgrks- R;kdjhrk ;s.kkjk [kpz vkf.k ik.;kpk vio;;kp;k izek.kkps v/;;u dj.ks- 10

11 izdj.k nqljs la kks/ku i/nrh nso funz ku i/nrhus fuom %& ksrh dj.kkú;k ksrdú;kaps o R;kaP;k lel;sckcr vpwd fu d kz dk<rk ;kok ;klkbh frjksmk rkyqd;krhy vh;kl dj.;kps Bjowu uequk fuom dj.;kr vkyk- ;ke/;s flafpr ksrdjh o vflafpr ksrdjh ksrdú;kap;k lel;kaps fo ys k.kkred vh;kl d:u R;kaP;k dqvwackph vkffkzd o lkekftd ckchpk ns[khy vh;kl dj.;kr vkyk ;klkbh lexz vuqlalk/ku i/nrhpk voyac dj.;kr vkysyk vkgsuequk fuomrakuk osg] Je vkf.k islk R;kapk fopkj fo k;k kh laca/khr loz O;Drhph laidz kd; ulrs R;kpk fopkj d:u uequk fuom.;kr vkysyk vkgs- uequk fuom djrkauk] la kks/kdkauk oskkfud i/nrhpk voyac djkok ykxrks- R;keqGs la kks/kukp;k v/;;ukr fo olfu;rk rj jkgrsp rlsp lektkp;k la kks/kukrwu dk<ysys fu d kz o uequ;ko:u dk<ysys fu d kz togikl lkj[ksp vlrs- kkl=h; i/nrhus gs fl/n dj.;kr vkys vkgs- uequk fuom i/nrhr eqyhkwr rrokaps ikyu djkos ykxrs- R;keqGs uequk gk ;ksx; o izfrfuf/kd Lo:ikpk Bjrks- ^^frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ¼ft- xksafn;k½ y?kq&flapu izdyikaps d` kh fodklkr ;ksxnku&,d vh;kl** izlrqr kks/k izca/kukps vh;kl dj.;klkbh lozizfke frjksmk rkyqd;krhy flapu izdyikp;k vf/kulr ;s.kkjs ksrdjh o vflaphr ksrdjh v kh nksu Hkkxkr fohkkx.kh dj.;kr vkyh o laiw.kz frjksmk rkyqd;krhy 150 ksrdú;kaph nso funz ku i/nrhus fuom dj.;kr vkyh gs 150 d` kh mriknd ksrdjh fofo/k fohkkxkrhy] fofo/k tkrhrhy] fofo/k ks{kf.kd xvkrhy rlsp deh&tklr tehu /kkj.k dsysy;k ksrdú;kapk lekos k gksbzy ;kph [kcjnkjh?ks.;kr vkyh vkgs- 11

12 rf; ladyu i/nrh %& la kks/ku izfø;sp;k fofhkuu isywoj izdk k Vkdwu la kks/kukpk vkjk[kmk r;kj djrkuk o.kzukred o funkukred vkjk[km;kph fuom dsyh- fu;ksthr v/;;uklkbh v/;;u fo k; Eg.kwu fuom.;kr vkysy;k O;Drhph fuom uequk pkp.khus dsyh- izr;{k Hkkrkph ksrh dj.kkú;k ksrdú;kap;k dqvwackrhy 150 dqvwac izeq[kkaph rf; ladyuklkbh fuom dsyh o R;kph izr;{k eqyk[kr?ksowu ekfgrh ladyhr dsyh- R;kuqlkj miyc/k ekfgrhp;k vk/kkjs lkaf[;dh; Li Vhdj.kkP;k lgk ;kus gs dk;z dsys- ;konkjs fo k;kps lexz o vfkziw.kz Kku izkir gksowu lel;k v/;;ukl dkeh vky;k rf; ladyuklkbh [kkyhy i/nrhpk okij dj.;kr vkykrf; ladyukp;k nksu i/nrh vkgs R;k [kkyhyizek.ks 1½ izkfkfed i/nrh %& la kks/kdkus izfkr iz;rukrwu fdaok v/;;ukrwu izkir dsysy;k rf;kauk izkfkfed i/nrh e/;s [kkyhy ckchapk lekos k gksrksv½ eqyk[kr %& ^^frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ¼ft- xksafn;k½ y?kq&flapu izdyikaps d` kh fodklkr ;ksxnku&,d vh;kl** izlrqr kks/k izca/kukp;k v/;;uklkbh nso funz ku i/nrhus fuom.;kr vkysy;k ksrdú;kaph fuom dj.;kr vkyh- rlsp d` kh O;olk;krhy lacaf/kr vf/kdkú;kaphgh eqyk[kr?ks.;kr vkyh o izkir ekfgrhph lr;rk imrkg.;kr vkyh- c½ iz ukoyh %& ^^frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ¼ft- xksafn;k½ y?kq&flapu izdyikaps d` kh fodklkr ;ksxnku&,d vh;kl** izlrqr y?kq kks/k izdyikpk vh;kl dj.;klkbh eqyk[krh lkscrp lksis o lqvlqvhr iz u vlysys iz ukoyh r;kj d:u?ksryh o nso funz ku i/nrhus fuom.;kr vkysy;k 150 ksrdú;kadmwu Hk:.k?ks.;kr vkyh o R;kP;k vk/kkjkoj vko ;d rh olrwfu V ekfgrh izkir dsyh- 12

13 d½ losz{k.k %& ^^frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ¼ft- xksafn;k½ y?kq&flapu izdyikaps d` kh fodklkr ;ksxnku&,d vh;kl** izlrqr kks/k izca/kukps vh;kl djrkauk la kks/ku dr;kzus frjksmk rkyqd;krhy flaphr o vflaphr d` khps Lor% izr;{k tkowu rsfkhy ksrh o ksrdú;kaps losz{k.k d:u vko ;d rh ekfgrh izkir dsyh vkgs o d` kh mriknukiklwu d` kh mriknu foøhi;zarpk izr;sd izøh;sps Lor% losz{k.k dsysys vkgs o ekfgrh izkir dsyh vkgs- M½ fujh{k.k %& ^^frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ¼ft- xksafn;k½ y?kq&flapu izdyikaps d` kh fodklkr ;ksxnku&,d vh;kl** lnj y?kq kks/k izdyikpk vh;kl dj.;klkbh la kks/ku dr;kzus ksrdjh lel;kaps fujh{k.k Lor% dsys vkgs o vko ;d rh ekfgrh izkir dsyh vkgsdkj.k la kks/ku drkz Lor%,dk ksrdjh dqvawckrhy lnl; vly;keqgs R;kyk d` kh laca/khr lel;kaph o vmp.khaph laiw.kz ekfgrh vkgs- 2½ nq ;e i/nrh %& la kks/kd tsogk brj O;Drh lalfkk] kklu] mpplrjh; vf/kdkj] lrrk fofo/k izdkjps vgoky o nlrkost Eg.kwu rf; ladfyr djrks rsogk R;kl nq ;e i/nrh vls Eg.krkr- R;ke/;s [kkyhy ckchapk lekos k gksrksv½ orzekui=s c½ ekflds d½ fu;rdkfyds M½ vu; iqlrds izlrqr la kks/kukdjhrk nksugh i/nrhpk voyac dj.;kr vkyk R;ke/;s izkfkfed i/nrh varxzr izkeq[;kus eqyk[kr] vuqlwph] fujh{k.k ;kpk mi;ksx dj.;kr vkyk vkgs- nq ;e i/nrh varxzr fo k;k kh lacaf/kr lkghr;] vgoky] ekflds br;knhapk mi;ksx dj.;kr vkyk- 13

14 ^^frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ¼ft- xksafn;k½ y?kq&flapu izdyikaps d` kh fodklkr ;ksxnku&,d vh;kl** izlrqr fo k;kps v/;;u djrkauk frjksmk rkyqd;krhy flapu izdyikph ekfgrh] lkaf[;dh; ekfgrh rlsp d` kh fodklklkbh kkl=ksdr ekfgrh?ks.;klkbh dkgh xzafkkapk vh;kl dj.;kr vkyk vkgs- d` kh fodklklkbh gksr vlysyh la kks/ku] ykxomhph i/nr] jksx fu;a=.k] [krkaph ek=k br;knh ekfgrh fofo/k iqlrdkrwu?ks.;kr vkyh R;klkscrp ekflds] orzekui=] osclkbzv e/kqu izdk khr ekfgrh xksgk d:u R;kpk mi;ksx izr;qr izca/kuklkbh dj.;kr vkyk- la kks/kukps {ks= % frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ¼ft- xksafn;k½ y?kq flapu izdyikaps ^^d` kh fodklkr ;ksxnku &,d vh;kl** ;k fo k;kp;k v/;;ukph O;kIrh frjksmk rkyqd;kiqjrh e;kzfnr vkgs- la kks/ku dkyko/kh % ^^frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ¼ft- xksafn;k½ y?kq&flapu izdyikaps d` kh fodklkr ;ksxnku&,d vh;kl** izlrqr kks/k izca/kukpk dkyko/kh 2 ¼nksu½ o ksz fu/kkzjhr dj.;kr vkyk vkgs- ¼fn-,fizy 2017 iklqu ekpz 2019 i;zr½ la kks/kukph ifjdyiuk ¼x`fgrds½ % ifjdyiusf kok; la kks/ku gs vfuf pr fopkjghu HkVd.;klkj[ks vkgs- ifjdyiuk gh la kks/ku dk;kzr fuf pr fn kk nk[kfo.;kps dk;z djhr vlrs- la kks/kukl v kh fn kk fegky;kf kok; dks.krsgh rf; voyksdu djrk ;sr ukghr- ifjdyiuk vkiy;k fopkj dyiusyk rdzlaxr cufors- ifjdyiusps fu/kkzj.k vkiy;k la kks/ku izfø;se/;s Li Vrk o kq/nrk ;srs- R;keqGs ifjdyiusyk la kks/kukps MksGs vls EgVY;k tkrs- 14

15 ^^frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ¼ft- xksafn;k½ y?kq&flapu izdyikaps d` kh fodklkr ;ksxnku&,d vh;kl** izlrqr kks/k izca/kukph ifjdyiuk iq<hyizek.ks izlrqr dj.;kr vkyh vkgs- 1- flapu izdyikeqgs frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ksrdú;kap;k vkffkzd lkekftd o ks{kf.kd Lrj mapko.k vkgs- 2- flapu izdyikeqgs gaxkeh o LFkk;h jkstxkj fuehzrhr ok< >kyh vkgs- 3- kkldh; vk/kkjkf kok; d` khps HkforO; vk kknk;h ukgh- 4- d` kh {ks=klkbh vtwugh laj{k.kkps /kksj.k dk;e Bso.ks mfpr vkgs- 5- frjksmk rkyqd;krhy izdyikeqgs d` kh mriknukoj vuqdwy ifj.kke?kmwu vkyk vkgs- 15

16 izdj.k frljs lkfgr;kps iqujkoyksdu izlrkouk la kks/kdkus tks fo k; fuomysyk vlrks- R;k fo k;kph R;kus fuomysy;k lkfgr; [kjks[kjp fo k;k kh layxuhr vkgs dk;\ ;kph [kk=h d:u n;koh ykxrs- R;kpizek.ks rs egroiw.kz vly;kl v kk lkfgr;kpk la kks/kdkus ijke kz dsyk vkgs dk; \ ;kph [kk=h d:u?ks.ks vko ;d vlrs- ijke kz dsy;koj vfkok ifj{k.k dsy;koj rs lkfgr; la kks/ku lel;ka kh [kjks[kjp lacaf/kr vkgs- dke R;kpizek.ks ln;kflfkrhr R;kps egro vkgs dh ukgh ;kphi.k kgkfu kk djkoh ykxrs- laca/khr lkfgr;kps ifj{k.k djrkauk R;k fo k;k kh toghd lk/k.kkjk vkgs dh ukgh ;kfo k;h R;klkBh rikl.kh dj.ks vko ;d vlrsrlsp laca/khr lkfgr;kps ifj{k.k djrkuk R;kr ljg ekxkzpk voyac dj.ks lksbzps vlrs vu;fkk R;kr lqlw=i.kkpk vhkko vly;kl laca/khr lkfgr;kps ifj{k.k cjkscj gksr ukgh- O;k[;k %& ^^la kks/ku dj.;klkbh fuomysys lkfgr; ;ksx; vl.ks vko ;d vkgs R;kpizek.ks rs fo k;k kh fuxmhr vkgsr dk \ rlsp ln;flfkrhr egro dk; vkgs \ ;kph ikg.kh dj.ks Eg.kts lkfgr;kps iqujkoyksdu gks;** izlrqr v/;;u djrsosgh frjksmk rkyqd;krhy flapu lqfo/kkaph orzeku dk;zflfkrh ikg.ks vko ;d gksrs dkj.k dk;zflfkrhpk ifj.kke gk vkfkhzd vkf.k vkfkhzdsrrj xks Vhoj voyacwu vlrs- Eg.kwu dk;n;kr [kkyhyizek.ks fnysy;k ekfgrhuqlkj vko ;d R;k xks Vhoj la kks/kudr;kzus izdk k Vkdyk vkgs- dk;zflfkrhfo k;h fuekz.kh vf/kfu;e 1948 gk [kkyhyizek.ks vkgs- 16

17 lacaf/kr lkfgr;kpk vk<kok %& egkjk Vª flapu i/nrhps ksrdú;kadmwu fu;e 2006 lg;ksxh flapu O;oLFkkiu i/nrh gh frp;k dk;z{kerk] lkeku;rk vkf.k flapu {kerspk kk or okij br;knh osf k V;kaeqGs ns kkr lozeku; >kyh vkgs- xsy;k dkgh o kkzr ns khkjkrhy vusd jkt;kauh lg;ksxh flapu O;oLFkkiu i/nrhl muur dj.;klkbh R;kaP;k fof/keamgkr lacaf/kr dk;ns vf/kfu;fer d:u?ksrys- egkjk Vª flapui/nrhps ksrdú;kadmwu O;oLFkkiu gk dk;nk egkjk Vª ljdkjus lu 2005 lkyh ykxw dsyk vkf.k R;kps fu;e 2006 lkyh r;kj dj.;kr vkys- fu;kstu djk tyla/kkj.;kps % & dksjmokgw ksrhe/;s tfeuhoj im.kkú;k ikolkpk izr;sd Fksc tsfks tsfks imrks] frfksp rs eqjfoy;kl vksykok fn?kzdkg fvdw.k Bso.;kl enr gksrs- deh [kpkzl ca/kkjk %& ukys&vksgksgkoj?kmhpk ca/kkjk lq;ksx; tkxk fuomwu cka/kkok- ;k ca/kkú;klkbh xkokrp miyc/k vlysys lkfgr; ;ksx; i/nrhus vk[k.kh d:u okijrk ;srs- /kksj.kkaph vaeyctko.kh %& ns kkap;k vkffkzd ifjflfkrhe/;s lq/kkj.kk gksr vlrkukp tyl=ksrkaoj izpam rk.k fuekz.k gksr vkgs- tyla/kkj.;kp;k mik;;kstuk %& e`n~ o tyla/kkj.;kp;k i/nrhpk okij djrkuk ikåleku] tfeuhpk izdkj] mrkj] tferhph [kksyh vkf.k tfeuhojhy vkpnknu ;k ckch y{kkr?;ko;kr- 17

18 ik.kyksv fodkl vko ;d %& d ;i _ khauh rykokp;k cka/kdkekps vr;ar kkl= kq/n i/nrhus foospu dsys vkgs- ryko cka/kr vlrkuk f kyi kkl=kr ikjaxr vlysy;k rk O;DrhdMwu jktkus vkjk[kmk djkok- flapu O;oLFkk % flapu Eg.kts ksrhl] tfeuhl ok,[kk k vkslkm LFkGkl] Hkwizns kkl d`f=efjr;k ik.khiqjobk dj.;kps fokku gks;- tsfks ikolkps izek.k vko ;drsis{kk deh vlrs ok ux.; vlrs rsfks v kh O;oLFkk dj.;kr ;srs] T;kOnkjs rsfks oulirhph ok< gkså kdsyjkt;kr flapukpk vuq ks k lokzr tklr fonhkkzr vkgsflapukvhkkoh fonhkkzp;k dkg;k tehuhph vr;qpp mrikndrk vlwugh ksrdjh izfr gsdvjh mrikndrk ok<fo.;kr deh imr vkgs- flapu uly;keqgs o kkzr dsog [kjhi gaxkekrhy ihdkaojp ksrdjh fonhkkzrhy kk or flapuklkbh l?ku flapu fodkl dk;zøe voyacwu jkgr vkgsfonhkkzrhy flapukps izek.k ok<wu tklrhr tklr la[;sus ksrdjh ckxk;rnkj Ogkos] ;k mìs kkus kklukus fonhkkzp;k kk or flapuklkbh fonhkz l?ku flapu fodkl dk;zøe vk.kyk vkgs- ;k dk;zøekr fonhkkzrhy cqymk.kk] vdksyk] o/kkz] okf ke] ;orekg] ukxiwj] xmfpjksyh] HkaMkjk] xksasfn;k o panziwj ;k 11 ftyg;kapk lekos k vkgsdsanz kklukus?kkywu fnysy;k ekxzn kzd rrokuqlkj fonhkz l?ku flapu fodkl dk;zøe l/;k lq: vlqu jk Vªh; d` kh fodkl ;kstuk o tyla/kkj.k ;kstukap;k vaeyctko.khpkp Hkkx Eg.kwu ;k dk;zøekpk dkyko/kh kklukus ikp o kkzpk Bsoyk vkgs- gk dk;zøe jkcfo.;klkbh tyla/kkj.k fohkkxkp;k vf/kir;k[kkyh eq[; vfhk;ark y?kw ikvca/kkjs fohkkx] ;sjomk] iq.ks ;kapsdms 250 gsdvj {kerk vlysy;k y?kq ikvca/kkjs ;kstuk dk;kzfuor dj.ks o R;kaps O;oLFkkiu dj.ks vknh tckcnkjh lksifoyh vkgs- 18

19 y?kq ikvca/kkjs ;kstuk % y?kq ikvca/kkjs ;kstukaps eqy;o/kzu dj.ks] uohu 250 gsdvj flapu {kersph dkes gkrh?ks.ks] HkqxZHkkrhy ik.kh ikrghr ojp;k Lrjki;Zr vk.kwu flapu {kerk ok<fo.ks] ekyxqtkjh fdaok f kodkyhu ryko] dksygkiwjh i/nrhpk ca/kkj~;kph tylap; {kerk ok<fo.ks] 250 gsdvj ikrgh,o<h flapu {kerk vlysy;k y?kqflapu ;kstukaph LFkkfudkaP;k ekx.khuqlkj nq:lrh dj.ks] ksrrg;kaps LFkkfud xjtsuqlkj o ekx.khuqlkj kk or lajf{kr flapu O;oLFkk fuekz.k dj.ks vknh mìs kkaph iwrhz ;k dk;zøekp;k ek/;ekrwu dj.;kr ;s.kkj vkgs- R;kpizek.ks dkes iw.kz >kysy;k y?kq ikvca/kkjs o dksygkiwjh ca/kkú;kps ns khkkyhlkbh vkf.k flapuklkbh glrkarj.k dsysy;k ik.kh okvi lalfkkauk kklukp;k /kksj.kkuqlkj vuqnku ns.ks] rlsp uohu iw.kz gksr vlysy;k y?kq ikvca/kkjs ;kstukaps flapu {ks= O;oLFkkiu glrkarj.kklkbh uohu ik.kh okvi lalfkk lq: dj.ks vknh mìs kgh ;k dk;zøekr Bso.;kr vkys vkgsrlnj dk;zøe 2019 i;zar pky.kkj vlwu R;klkBh vkffkzd ekinamgh Bso.;kr vkys vkgsr- 250 gsdvj flapu {kersph izxrhifkkoj dke vlysyh y?kq ikvca/kkjs ;kstuk dk;kzfuor dj.;klkbh izfr gsdvjh vmhp yk[k :i;kaph rjrwn dj.;kr vkyh vkgs- izxrhifkkoj 450 ;kstukaps mfì V Bso.;kr vkys vlwu 13 gtkj 105 gsdvj flapu dj.;kps izlrkfod vkgs- rlsp 250 gsdvj flapu {kerk vlysy;k uohu 525 ;kstukaps mfì V vlwu R;keqGs 26 gtkj 470 gsdvj flapukaph iwrhz dj.;kr ;s.kkj vkgs- kwyksv;wc osy 1000 dj.;kr ;s.kkj vlwu ;k osyo:u ikp gtkj gsdvj flapukps mfì V Bso.;kr vkys vkgs- kwyks V;wcosyyk 25 ehvj [kksyhlkbh 8 yk[k 943 :] 40 ehvj [kksyhlkbh 8 yk[k 26 gtkj 743 :- vkf.k 60 ehvj [kksyhlkbh 12 yk[k 23 gtkj 49 :i;kapk fu/kh izlrfor dsyk vkgs- R;kpizek.ks ;k dk;zøekvarxzr flapu {kerk iquzlfkkfir dj.;klkbh 700 ;kstukap;k mfì VkekQZr 26 gtkj 22 gsdvj {ks= 19

20 flaphr dsy;k tk.kkj vkgs- R;klkBh 70 gtkj :i;s izfr gsdvjizek.ks fu/kh izlrkfor dsyk vkgs- rlsp vflrrokr vlysyh o uohu ksrrgh milk flapu ;kstusonkjs Hkj.;klkBh 2645 ksrrg~;kaps /;s; Bsoys vlwu R;klkBh 52 dksvh 1 yk[k 50 gtkjkpk fu/kh jk[kwu Bsoyk vkgs- 20

21 izdj.k pksfks ^^ ty fodklkpk izkphy bfrgkl** izlrkouk %& Hkkjrkrhy ksrh eksleh ikolkp;k ygjhi.kkoj voyacwu vkgs- R;koj ekr dj.;klkbh ksrhyk ik.kh iqjob;kph lks; dj.kkú;k fofo/k ;kstuk vxnh izkphu dkgkiklwu dk;kzfuor gksr;k- rkih [kksú;kr lkognk] izdk ks o HkhesP;k [kksú;kr bukexko gh dsanzs fla/kqlald`rh dkyhu vkgsr- buke xkop;k mr[kuuke/;s rrdkyhu d` kh i/nrhoj izdk k Vkd.kkjs dkgh iqjkos gkrh vkys vkgsr- R;kr unhp;k ik=kr,d ca/kkjk?kkywu ksrhyk ik.kh iqjo.;kph O;oLFkk dsyh gksrh vls fnlrs- osnojp;k fu?kavw ;k Vhdse/;s 14 izdkjp;k fofgjhapk ri khy fnyk vkgs- ;tqosznke/;s dkyok o /kj.ks ;kapk myys[k ;srks- Le`rh okme;ke/;s ljksoj o ryko ;kpk myys[k vkysyk vkgs- fofgjh [kksn.ks] ljksoj fuekz.k dj.ks] dkyok dk<.ks ;k lkj[ks yksdksi;qdr vls b ViwrZ dk;z ekuokus fur; djkos vls loz Le`rhdkjkauh vkokgu dsys vkgsc`glirh ;k Le`rhdkjkus /kj.kkph nq:lrh dj.ks o uohu /kj.ks cka/k.ks ;kyk vuu; lk/kkj.k egro nsowu jkt;krhy Js Bhauh v ;k izdkjph iq.;desz Lor% djkohr vls izfriknu dsysys vkgs- Le`rh izek.ksp lw= okme;ke/;sgh dkyo;kp;k ik.;koj vlysy;k ksrhph iz kalk dsysyh vkgs- dksf kd lw=ke/;s dkyok fufezrhp;k izlaxh djko;kp;k,dk euksjatd lekjksgkps o.kzu dsys vkgs- /keeikn ;k xzafkph fuehzrh eks;z dky[kamk iwohzph vlwu R;ke/;s fhkuu izdkjp;k flapu i/nrhpk fopkj dsyk vkgs- panzxqirkp;k izkarh; izfrfu/khuh lqn kzu ukokpk,d lqanj ryko fxjukj ;sfks cka/kyk o panzxqirkpk flapu fohkkx dkyos o /kj.k ;kaps cka/kdke vkf.k ns[khkky o flapu O;oLFkkiu djhr vls vls myys[k ledkyhu iqjkfhkys[kkr lkimrkrjkt;krhy d`f k{ks= dsog itzu;koj voyacwu u jkgrk R;kyk flapukpk vk/kkj vlkok vls dksfvy;kpsgh er gksrs-,[kk k lqjkt;kps mnkgj.k nsrkauk dksfvy;kus vls EgVys vkgs dh] ts jkt; vkiy;k 21

22 d` kh mriknuklkbh ikolkoj voyacwu u jkgrk vf/kdkf/kd flapukoj voyacwu vlrs rs jkt; vf/kd le`/n vlrs- rykokrwu fdaok unharwu iou kddh fdaok csykpk okij d:u] fdaok ty;a=kp;k lgk ;kus lq/nk ik.kh mpyys tkr vls- uohu olkgrh fuekz.k djrkauk tylsrw lkewfgdi.ks cka/kkos o R;kr lokzapk lghkkx vlkok- vlgdkj dj.kkú;kl] tykio;; dj.kkú;kl fdaok dkyo;kp;k cka/kdkekps uqdlku dj.kkú;kl nam dsyk tkok] v kk lwpuk dksfvy;kp;k vfkz kkl=kr dsysy;k vk<grkrik.kh lkbo.;klkbh /kj.ks ¼iky½ cka/k.;kpk vkxzg] flapukp;k uqruhdj.kkojrh lkrr;kus Hkj] /kj.kkpk cka/k dks.kr;k dkj.kkeqgs dedqor gksow kdrks o R;kyk le``/n dls djko;kps] ;kpk ri khy] dkyo;kp;k uslfxzd vkirrheqgs fuekz.k >kysy;k vmp.kh d kk nwj djko;kp;k ;kph ppkz] tyk k;kps cka/k krkuq krds dls fvdok;ps] LFkkfud mihkksx?ks.kkú;k?kvdkauk ;ke/;s dls lekfo V d:u?;ko;kps] ns[khkky dj.;klkbh lfer;k d kk LFkkiu djko;kp;k] jkt;krhy Jhear o /kekznk; dk;z dj.kkú;k lalfkk o jktk ;kap;krhy ;k ckchrhy ijlij lgdk;kzph vko ;drk] ;kps ri khyokj foospu izkphu okme;kr osxosxg;k lanhkkzr tkxkstkxh vk<grsekyxqtkjh ryko %& fonhkkzr rykokaph k`a[kyk xksam jkt;kp;k dkyko/khr fuekz.k >kyh- osuxaxsp;k [kksú;kr panziwj] xmfpjksyh] HkaMkjk] xksafn;k ;sfkhy dksggh o iksokj ;k tkrhp;k o ukxiwj ;k ftygkr lqekjs 300&350 o kkziwohz tog tog 10 gtkj ryko dksggh ;k tkrhp;k yksdkauh laiw.kzr% [kktxh miøekrwu Eg.ktsp Lor%pk islk o Je oki:u cka/kys vly;kps letrs- ;k rykokap;k [kkyh ckxm;k¼foghjh½ i.k cka/ky;k xsy;k gksr;k- rykokp;k k`a[kysph fufezrh djrkauk xkokp;k pkjgh cktwauh ryko fuekz.k dsysys vkgsr- rykokrhy iwjkps ik.kh lkamo;ko:u okg.;kph th ikrgh vlrs rh xkokp;k [kkyh jkghy ;kph i.k R;kauh dkgth?ksry;kps fnlrs- ;keqgs iqjko;k ik.;kpk /kksdk xkokyk iksgpr ukgh-,dk rykokrhy ik.kh nqlú;k o R;kps frlú;k 22

23 rykokr v kh k`a[kyk fuekz.k d:u ik.;kpk uk k u gksrk R;k ik.;kpk iqugk iqugk okij dj.;kps ra= okij.;kr vkysys vkgs- Hkwi` Bkoj ik.;kps lkbs fuekz.k d:u Hkkr ;k fidklkbh ikål osgsoj u vky;kl iwjd O;oLFkk Eg.kwu ik.kh ns.;klkbh o Ålkps fid dk<wu xqgkps mriknu dj.;klkbh gs ryko cka/kys xsys gksrs vls fnlrs- Hkkr o ÅlkP;k ksrhcjkscjp erl;ikyukph lks;gh R;k rykokap;k vkj;kus dsyh xsyh gksrh- HkaMkjk o xksafn;k gs ftygs rykokaps ftygs vkf.k ^vuu/kku;kps HkkaMkj* Eg.kwu vksg[kys tkr gksrs- xksam jkt;kp;k dkjfdnhzr jktkj; fegky;keqgs rykokapk fodkl >ikv;kus >kyk- ;k jkt;kus dksggh o iksokj terhp;k yksdkauk mrrj Hkkjrkrwu ¼cukjl½ o Hkksiky ;sfkhy /kkv ;sfkwu vk.kys gksrs- vls letrs dh] panziwjpk jktk gjs kgk ;kauh rj tkfgj dsys gksrs dh] ^^tks dks.kh taxy lkq d:u ksrh djsy R;kyk rh cgky dsyh tkbzy o tks dks.kh ryko cka/ksy R;kyk R;k rykok[kkyh ftrdh tehu vksyhr djrk ;sbzy frrdh tehu [kqndklrdkj Eg.kwu c{khl fnyh tkbzy-** Ik.khokViklkBh ykhk/kkjdkaph,d lferh vls- gh lferh rykokrhy ik.;kph miyc/krk ikgwu izr;sdkyk fdrh ik.kh?;ko;kps gs Bjfor vls- rykokp;k ns[khkky o nq:lrhph dkes ;klferhekqzr ykhk/kkjdkap;k lgdk;kzrwu gksr vlr- lferhpk fu.kz; vaeykr vk.k.;klkbh ikudjhph ¼ikVdjh½ use.ksd dj.;kr ;sr vls- gk ikudjh Hkwfeghu yksdkaisdh vls- rykokrhy xkg T;kyk xjt vlsy R;kyk vkiy;k ksrkr usåu Vkd.;kph ijokuxh gksrh- ryko vkf.k ;klaca/khp;k O;oLFksoj ;k lferhps y{k vls o fg lferh jkt;kyk njo khz ik.;kp;k miyc/krsuqlkj lkjk nsr vlsns kkr tsogk baxztkaps jkt; vkys ¼19 os krd½ rsogk ;k rykokaph ekyxqtkjh olqyh dj.;kph ekydh R;k Hkkxkrhy dkgh izfrf Br ukxfjdkadms ns.;kr vkyh o R;kyk ekyxqtkj vls lacks/kys xsys- gs ekyxqtkj ykhk/kkjdkadmwu olwy dsysy;k jdesrwu Bjkohd jdde ljdkjdms tek djr vlr- ik.;kps okvi] ns[kjs[k] nq:lrh] 23

24 xkg dk<.ks gh dkes ek= ykhk/kkjdp djr vlr- lkjk olwyh dj.;kp;k lks;hlkbh Eg.kwu baxztkap;k dkgkr ;k rykokph ekydh ekyxqtkjkadms xsyh Eg.kwu R;kauk ekyxqtkjh ryko vls lacks/k.;kl ;så ykxyslu 1950 uarj ek= rrdkyhu e/;izns k ljdkjp;k dk; kuo;s ekyxqtkjh laiq Vkr vkyh vkf.k gs ryko kklukus rkc;kr?ksrys- kklukps fu;a=.k ;k O;oLFksoj vky;keqgs yksdkauk lghkkx deh >kyk- nq:lrh o ns[khkky O;oLFksP;k vhkkoh dkgh ryko vkrk ukghls >ky;kpsgh fnlrs- l %flfkrhr tog tog 7 gtkj ryko vflrrokr vlwu R;kiklwu flapuk[kkyh vlysys {ks= tog tog look y{k gsdvj vkgs vls fnlwu ;srs- yksdkapk lghkkx deh gks.ks o i;kz;kus kklukoj voyacwu jkg.ks ;keqgs yksdlghkkxkrwu pkyw vlysyh,d mrre O;oLFkk vkrk eksmdghl vky;kps fnlrs- l/;k ;k lxg;k rykokapk mi;ksx dsog [kjhikrhy Hkkr ;k fidkyk lajf{kr ik.kh ns.;klkbh dsyk tkrks- jcche/;s nqljs ihd rlsp Ålklkj[ks ckjekgh ihds ukgh kh >kysyh vkgsr- [ktkuk foghj %& flapukph vk.k[kh,d tquh mrre O;oLFkk ejkbokm;ke/;s chm ;k kgjktog vkt lq/nk [ktkuk foghje/kwu dk;kzfuor vlysyh fnlrs- gh O;oLFkk 1572 lkyh 212 gsdvj ksrh vksyhrk[kkyh vk.k.;klkbh fuekz.k dj.;kr vkyh gksrh- chm kgjkp;k n{kh.ksdms lk/kkj.kr% 6&7 fdeh- varjkoj fcanqljk unhp;k mto;k dkbkoj vkf.k ckyk?kkv ;k MksaxjkP;k ik;f;kph gh foghj [kksnysyh vkgs- ;k foghjhpj O;kl lk/kkj.kr% 20 ehvj vlwu pksdksuh fpú;kp;k nxmkauh cka/kysyh vkgs- fcanqljk ik=kdmwu HkwxHkkZr nksu v/;kz fdeh ykachps cksxns [kksnwu Hkwty fofgjhr?ksåu foekspdkaonkjs ekrhp;k ugkae/kwu fcanqljk unhps ik= tehuhp;k iksvkrwu vksykamwu unhp;k MkO;k fdukú;kojhy chm kgjki;zrps {ks= dkyo;konkjs flapuk[kkyh vk.kys vkgs- vfydmp;k dkgkr chm kgjkp;k ok<heqgs ;k [ktkuk 24

25 foghjh[kkyhy flapu{ks= vkdqapu ikor vly;kps fnlrs- dkyo;krhy vdjk Onkjs o forfjdkap;k enrhus flapu dsys tkr gksrs vls letrsdkyo;kaph@forfjdkaph ns[khkky- nq:lrh ykhk/kkjd Lor%p djr vlrik.khiv~vh dk;r/kkjk i/nrhizek.ks eglwy [kkr;kdmwu olwy dj.;kr ;sr vls- ;k vdjk Onkjkrwu ik.kh Bjkohd dkgklkbh o [kkyp;k HkkxkdMwu ojp;k HkkxkdMs lksmys tkr vls- ;k forfjdkauk okjkaph lkseokj] eaxgokj ukos fnyh gksrh o izr;sd fodfjdk vkbom;krwu Bjkofd fno kh pkyw vls fg dgrs- iw<s gh O;oLFkkgh kklukus Lor%P;k v[kr;kjhr?ksryh o ksrdú;kap;k lghkkxkrwu jkcfoyh tkr vlysyh,d pkaxyh O;oLFkk eksmdghl vkyh- njmksbz ftygk mriuu %& a jkt; mriuukr izkfkfed {ks=kiklwu feg.kkú;k mriuukp;k izek.kkis{kk njmksbz ftygk mriuukr izkfkfed {ks=kkiklwu feg.kkú;k mriuukps tklr izek.k vlysy;k mozjhr 25 ftygkisdh jrukfxjh] fla/kqnqxz] HkaMkjk] xksafn;k] panziwj o xmfpjksyh gh lgk ftygs oxgrk brj 19 ftygkr izkfkfed {ks=kiklwu feg.kkú;k ;k ftygk mriuukr d`f k o layxu ;k mi{ks=kiklwu feg.kkú;k ftygk mriuukps izek.k tog tog 90 VD;kis{kk tklr vkgs- rj jrukfxjh] fla/kqnqxz] HkaMkjk] xksafn;k] panziwj o xmfpjksyh ;k ikp ftygkr izkfkfed {ks=kkiklwu feg.kkú;k ftygk mriuukr] d`f k mi{ks=kiklwu feg.kkú;k ftygk mriuukps izek.k vuqøes- 91 VDds] 95 VDds] 83 VDds] 85 VDds] 61 VDds o 67 VDds gksrsmozfjr feg.kkjs ftygk mriuu jrukfxjh o fla/kqnqxz ftyg;kr erl;ksriknukiklwu rj HkaMkjk o xksafn;k ftyg;kr erl;ksriknukiklwu 10 VDds o ou o [kk.kh br;knhiklwu 7 VDds fegrs- panzwij ftygkr 36 VDds ftygk mriuu ou o [kk.kh br;knh iklwu] 3 VDds ftygk mriuu erl;ksriknukpk iklwu fegrs- xmfpjksyh ftygkr 29 VDds ftygk mriuu ou [kk.kh br;knhiklwu rj 4 VDds ftygk mriuu el;ksrinkiklwu fegrs- 25

26 a fonhkkzrhy ekyxqtkjh ryko] ejkbokm;krhy ukansm ;k Hkkxkrhy tqus ekyxqtkjh ryko o [ktkuk foghj o ckjo fojhjhps tkgs] nf{k.k dksd.kkrhy >Ú;kojhy flapu o mrrj dksd.kkrhy rgh o iapxaxk [kksú;krhy ca/kkú;ko:u milk flapu v kh fg flapukph yksdlghkkxkph iznh Zijaijk & fczfv kdkgkrhy kklufu;af=r dk;zi/nrhis{kk vxnh osxgh v kh egkjk VªkP;k fofo/k Hkkxkae/;s osxosxg;k izdkjkauh izkphu dkgkiklwu :tysyh vkgs- fulxkzp;k nksyk;ekursoj mik; kks/k.;klkbh o ygjhi.kkoj ekr dj.;klkbh i` BHkkxkoj rykokaph ekfydk fuekz.k d:u ik.;kph lkbo.kwd dj.ks vkf.k R;k lkbfoysy;k ik.;kpk mi;ksx mozjhr dkgke/;s flapuk[kkbh o fi.;kp;k ik.;klkbh vusd mnkgj.ks egkjk Vªkrhy vusd fbdk.kh izkphu dkgkiklwu vki.kkl igko;kl fegrkr- rykokr ik.kh lkbowu ;k foghjhonkjs Hkwty milwu R;koj nqckj o ckjekgh fids?ksåu le`/nhdms tk.;kph izfø;k gtkjks o kkziklwu ;k Hkqehr :tysyh vkgs- flaphr ksrh egkjk Vªkyk ufou ukgh- ;kps cht gtkjks o kkziwohz dksfvy;kp;k dkgkp;k ikbhekxsgh lkimrs- fokku o ra=kkukp;k fodklkcjkscj vfydmp;k dkgkrhy vkrk ;kpsp vk/kqfud fodlhr >kysys :I Eg.kts eksbs tyk k; R;kiklwu dkyos vkf.k forjhdkaps tkgs] iaikus mapkoj ik.kh mpy.ks] br;knh i/nrh gksrekth ekyxqtkjh rykokaph Qsjjpuk %& iwohz fonhkkzrhy HkaMkjk] xksafn;k] panziwj] xmfpjksyh o ukxiwj ftygkrhy jkevsd rglhy e/;s ksrdú;kauh Lor%pk islk o Je oki:u gs ryko xksam jkt;kp;k dkjfdnhzr cka/kys- ;k ftygke/;s ljkljh 1200 rs 1600 feeh itzu;eku vkgs- ;khkkxkr [kjhike/;s fof k V HkkSxksfyd ifjflfkrheqgs Hkkr ihd?ksrkr- ;k fidkl livsacjp;k ksovh fdaok vkwdvksacj e/;s ikål >kyk ukgh rj Hkkr ihd mriknukr Qkj eksbh?kv gksrs fdaok dkgh osgsl nk.ks ¼ihd½ Hkjr ukghr- /kku;kp;k ihd mriknukr lkrr; o kk orh jkgkoh Eg.kwu R;k dkgkrhy ksrdú;kauh vkf.k dksggh o iksokj lektkrhy yksdkauh 26

27 a a laiw.kzr% [kktxh miøekus v kk rykokaph k``[kyk fuekz.k dsyh- R;kdkGh ryko ok cksm;k cka/k.;kp;k ckcrhr dksggh o iksokj lektkrhy yksd mrd` V vfhk;ars Eg.kwu izfl/n >kys- ryko,o<;k eksb;k izek.kkr [kktxhjhr;k fuekz.k dj.;kps dnkfpr gs txkrhy,deso mnkgj.k vlkos- iwjd flapuklkbh ;k rykokapk mi;ksx gksrksfufezrhuarj ;k rykokaps O;oLFkkiu ksrdjh vkikilkarhy lg;ksxkus igkr vlr vls fnlrs- R;kckcrpk dk;zi/nrhpk fuf pr ri khy dkgkp;k vks?kkr vkrk miyc/k jkfgysyk ukgh- i.k R;k O;oLFksrhy uarjps eksbs flfkr;arj Eg.kts baxztkap;k jktovhr vaeykr vk.k.;kr vkysyh ekyxqtkjh i/nrh R;keqGs ;k rykokaph olwyh e/;lfk ;k ukr;kus ekyxqtkjkadms vkyh- ekyxqtkjh rykokaph flapu {kerk o O;oLFkk%& iwoz fonhkkzrhy osuxaxsp;k fuee o e/; [kksú;kar tqu;k ri khykizek.ks ¼fooj.ki= 7-6-1½ ekyxqtkjhdms vlysy;k rykokaph la[;k 7340 o flapu {kerk gsdvj gksrhihdjpuk %& egkjk Vªkr HkaMkjk o xksafn;k ftyg;krhy flafpr {ks=kkph VDdsokjh lokzr tklr vlyh rjh nj gsdvjh mriknu Qkj deh vkgs- rlsp HkaMkjk o xksafn;k ftygkrhy d`f k izkfkfed o vkffkzd mriuukph nq ;e vkf.k r`fr; Lrj fegwu ns[khy ljkljh njmksbz mriuu,d xmfpjksyh ftygk oxgrk lokzr deh vkgs- Eg.kts flapukps vksipkfjd {ks= vlwu ns[khy nkfjnz dk;e vkgs- ;kps,d izeq[k dkj.k rsfkhy ihd jpuk o flapu ladyiusrhy o forj.k O;oLFkkiukrhy foldghr ;kr vkgs- ;k xksamdkyhu rykokrhy tog&tog loz ik.kh vyhdms dsog /kku ksrhp;k flapuklkbh vfr vyi dkgkr Eg.kts laivsacjp;k e/;kuarj vkwdvksacj ksovk i;zr okijys tkrs- nj gsdvjh mrikndrk 1-8 Vu,o<hp vkgs- tqu;k dkxni=ko:u vls Li V fnlrs dh iwohz ;k Hkkxkr Ålkph ykxom gksrh- R;kiklwu xqg r;kj gkasbz- xqgkpk islk gkrkr ;sbz- R;keqGsp lu 1911 lkyh flansokbzyk Ål la kks/ku 27

28 dsanzgh lq: dsys xsys gksrs- flapukeqgs Ål mriknukr Hkjho ok< gksåu vkffkzd flfkrh vk.k[kh lq/kkjyh tkbzy v kh vis{kk gksrh- ;k rykokrhy ik.kh ckjekgh uxnh fidklkbh jk[kys tkbz vls Li V fnlrs- rsogk ;k {ks=kp;k vkffkzd muurh lkbh l/;kph,d fidh jpuk o foldghr ik.kh forj.k O;oLFkk ;kapk Qsj fopkj gksowu uoh ihd jpuk o uoh forj.k O;oLFkk vflrrokr ;s.ks funku 100 gsdvjojhy rykokalkbh rjh rkrdkg vko ;d vkgs- ihdjpusr d`f k fo kihbkp;k ly;kus dkgh izek.kkr xgw] lw;zqwy o [kjhikr lks;kchu ;kauh ykxom mi;qdr Bj.;klkBh vkgs- gjhkjk] eksgjh o HkqbZewx i.k?ksrk ;sbzy vls fnlrs- ckjekgh fidkapkgh vo ; fopkj Ogkok- cgqfo/k fidkauk izksrlkgu nsåup ;k flapu {ks=kph vkffkzd o lkekthd muurh gksbzy vls fnlrs- izfø;k m ksx %& a ksrekykp;k izøh;k m ksxkl flafpr ksrhe/;s oko vkgs- ;k Hkkxkr Ål mriknu d:u R;kiklwu lk[kj o xqg gs inkfkz r;kj dj.;kps fu;kstu Ogkos- lk[kjspk mrkjk deh ;srks- rks dlk ok<fork ;sbzy ;klkbh Ålkps b V ok.k fuekz.k dj.;klkbh la kks/kukph xjt vkgs- tsfod ra=kkukpk okij d:u dkgh mfì avs lk/; djrk ;srhy- R;klkBh d`f k fo kihbkus dk;zøe gkrh?;kok- rlsp jcj jksyj ra=kkukf/kf Br fxj.;k vlko;kr- rlsp Hkkr fxj.;ke/kwu feg.kkú;k czwu iklwu rsy dk<rk ;srs- R;klkBh iz;ru >kys ikghtsr- rlsp ;kiklwu dqddqv ikyuklkbh [kk dj.ks kd; vkgs- ;kpk ikbiqjkok dj.ks vko ;d vkgs- lks;kchu uo;kus folrkfjr gksr vkgs] R;koj izfø;k dsanzs lq: Ogkohr- rsy] lks;kehy] lks;knw/k vls fofo/k inkfkz r;kj dj.ks kd; vkgs- lgdkjh rrokoj lk[kj dkj[kkus pkyrkr] ex lks;kchu vk/kkfjr m ksx lgdkjkr vk.kkosr- /kksj.kkred cny t:j vly;kl rs fu;kstukonkjs djkosr- 28

29 a a vk/kqfud flapu i/nrheqgs gks.;kph ik.;kph cpr%& fbacd rq kkj v kk vk/kqfud lq{e flapu i/nrhoj (Micro Irigation) vusd fbdk.kh] vusd fidkaoj l kks/ku >kys vkgs- ;k i/nrhr ik.khdeh ykxrs- fbacd flapukeqgs lk/kkj.ki.ks 50 VDds ik.;kph cpr vkf.k rq kkj i/nrhr 30 rs 35 VDds ik.;kph cpr gksrs- R;keqGs flapuk[kkyhy {ks=k ok<fo.ks kd; gksrs- QG>kMs] Ål] dkiwl] HkkT;k br;knh fidkaph ykxom d:u fbacd i/nrhus ik.kh fny;kl flafpr {ks=kr gks.kkjh ok< nk[kfoyh vkgs- i.k lpzp fidkauk fbacd flapu okijrk ;sr ukgh- tyk k;kiklwu brj mriuu%& egkjk Vªkrhy flapu {ks= HkDde ik;koj mhks dj.;klkbh ikvca/kkjs tyk k;kiklwu fo qr fuehzrh] erl;ksriknu o i;zvulfkg fodkl ;k lkj[;k vuq kafxr ckchiklwu feg.kkú;k mriuukrgh lrr ok< dj.;kpk fopkj gks.ks vko ;d vkgs- cgqmìs kh; tyk k; O;oLFkkiuseqGs [kkyhy izek.ks,dkposgh vusd xks Vh lk/; djrk ;srkr- 1- tyflapu] 2- oht mriknu] 3- iqjfu;a=.k] 4- ty okgrwd] 5-?kjxqrh okijklkbh ik.kh iqjobk] 6- vks ksfxd okijklkbh ik.kh iqjobk] 7- erl;ksriknu] 8- tyfømk lqfo/kslg i;zvu dsanzkpk fodkll/;k tyokgrwd Qkjp ux.; vkgs- ikvca/kkjs tyk k;kiklwu l/;k eq[;ros tyflapu]?kjxqrh okij o vks ksfxd okijklkbh iqjobk dsysy;k ik.;koj vkdkjysyh ik.khiv`vh o fotfufezrh ;k iklwu mriuu fegrs- tyk k;kiklwu vu; ekxkzus feg.kkú;k mriuukr erl;ksriknu o i;zvu dsanz fodkl ;kiklwu feg.kkú;k mriuukpk fo ks k ikbiqjkok >kysyk ukgh- R;k lxg;k foospukpk,df=r fopkj djrk dsog ^^flapukp;k ik.khiv~vhoj** vkffkzd LFkS;klkBh flapu O;oLFkk voyacwu u Bsork ik.;kp;k O;kid okijkpk,df=r fopkj gksåu R;kpk vf/kdre ykhk?ks.;kp;k n`f Vus Øe k% mriuukps ekxz ok<okos ykxrhy- 29

30 izdj.k ikpos ^^ frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ik ohkweh o tyflapu** Xkksafn;k ftyg;kph ik ozhkqeh %& 1 es 1999 jksth HkaMkjk ftyg;kps fohktu d:u uofufezr xksafn;k ftygk vflrrokr vkyk- izkphu dkgkiklwu xksafn;k {ks= xksamjktkp;k vf/kir;k[kkyh gksrs- R;kosGh?kunkV taxys gksrhxksamlekt ;sfkhy eqg fuoklh gksrs- xksan o yk[k xksgk d:u xkoke/;s fod.ks fk R;kapk eq[; O;olk; gksrk- ;k O;olk;ko:up ^^xksafn;k** gs uko imys vlk baxzt jktovhe/khy vkj-ogh- jlys Onkjk fyf[kr iqlrdke/;s myys[k vk<gyk- xksafn;k ftyg;kp;k iqoszl jktukanxko ftygk ¼e-iz-½] if pesl HkaMkjk] mrrjsl ckyk?kkv ftygk ¼e-iz-½ o nf{k.ksl xmfpjksyh ftygk vkgs- xksafn;k ftyg;kps {ks=qg 5641 pks-fd-eh- vlwu rs jkt;kp;k,dq.k {ks=qgkp;k 1-83 VDds,o<s vkgs- Xkksafn;k ftyg;krhy flapu O;oLFkk %& Ik.kh gs ksrhps thou gks; Hkkjrkr eksleh okú;kiklqu o kkzlkbh lqekjs 40 bap ikål imrks- rfkkfi xsy;k dkgh o kkzr fdaok ekulqu okú;kiklqu im.kkjk ikål gk vfu;ehr o ygjh >kyk vkgslqekjs 30 VDds tfeuhyk d`f=e ik.kh iqjobk gksrks vkf.k mozfjr 70 VDds tfeu uslfxzd ikolkoj voyacqu vlrs- ik.kh iqjob;kp;k iqjs kk lks;h uly;keqgs,dkp ksrh e/kqu nksu fdaok vf/kd ihd?ksrk ;sr ukghr R;keqGs ksrhph mrikndrk deh vlrs- flapu O;oLFkk ;ksx; izdkjph vly;kl,dkp tfeuhrqu nksu fdaok R;kis{kk vf/kd fids dk<rk ;srkr- Eg.ktsp tfeuhph mrikndrk ok<fork ;srs- flapu O;oLFkspk ;ksx; izdkjs fodkl gks.;kdjhrk dkyos [kksn.ks] miyc/k ty lk/kukapk egrre okij uo;k ;kstukaph vaeyctko.kh] foiqyik.kh iqjobk vlysy;k izns kkrqu deh ik.kh vlysy;k izns kkr ik.;kpk izokg ogfo.ks br;knh /kksj.kkpk ikb iqjkok dj.;kph xjt vkgsxksafn;k ftyg;krhy lu 1998&99 lkyh vksyhrk[kkyhy fuoog {ks= 30

31 96 gtkj 613 gsdvj vlqu R;kiSdh i` BkHkkxh; [ks= 88 gtkj 932 gsdvj gksrh- vksyh[kkyhy Fkqy {ks=kkaph VDdsokjh gksrh- 31

32 frjksmk rkyqd;kphph ik ozhkqeh %& egkuqhkko iafkkps izorzd Jh- pdz/kj Lokeh P;k pj.kkafdr rhfkz lqdgh ¼Mkdjke½ vkf.k osuxaxk ufnps iq.; ykhkys vkgs- frjksmk rgfly izkphu vly;kps vk,gwu ;srs I;Zar frjksmk gs rkyqd;kps fbdk.k gksrs- R;kuarj frjksmk rkyqdk can d:u ^xksafn;k* rkyqdk eq[;ky; LFkkiu dj.;kr vkys- frjksmk leqnz likvhiklwu eh- maphoj clysyk vkgs- frjksmk rkyqd;kp;k iwoszyk xksafn;k rgfly] if pesl rqelj rkyqdk ¼HkaMkjk ftygk½] mrrjsl ckyk?kkv ftygk ¼e-iz-½] nf{k.ksl lkdksyh rkyqdk ¼HkaMkjk ftygk½] vkgs- frjksmk toghy dkpsokuh o eqamhdksvk gh jsyoslvs ku vkgsrfrjksmk kgj eqacbz&gkomk jsyos ekxkzoj rfkk xksafn;k rqelj lmd ekxkzoj vkgs- frjksmk xksafn;k ps varj 34 fd-eh- vkgs- 32

33 frjksmk rkyqdk lkaf[;dh; ekfgrh 2001 P;k tux.kusuqlkj %& HkkSxksfyd {ks=qg %& oxz fd-eh imhr tehu %& 2974 oxz gsdvj d` kh tehu %& oxz gsdvj,dw.k yksdla[;k %& iq: k yksdla[;k %& fl=;k %& 83141,dw.k xko %& 118 kgj %& 1 Xkzke iapk;r %& 97 lgdkjh lalfkk %& 179 :X.kky; %& 1 nok[kkuk %& 4 izkfkfed lklfk dsanz %& 4 i kq nok[kkuk %& 3 i kq izfkkseksipkj dsanz %& 4 d` kh mriuu cktkj lferh %& 1 micktkj dsanzs %& 4 fojke x`g %& 4 eq[; O;olk; %& ksrh eq[; ihd %& /kku izøh;k m ksx] fcmh m ksx eq[; m ksx %& ksrh m ksx] chmh m ksx v- Ø- Ckkc 1 ik.;kpk izr;{k lkbk ¼n-y-?k-eh-½ 2,dq.k ykhk {ks= ¼gsDVj½ 3 ykxomh yk;d {ks= ¼gsDVj½ frjksmk rkyqd;kr ikvca/kkjs fohkkxkph flfkrh 33 izdyikps uko cksnydlk pksj[kekjk [ksjcank laxzkeiwj fjlkyk & & 4 vksyhrk[kkyh &

34 ;s.kkjs {ks= ¼gsDVj½ 5 maph ¼ehVj½ folrkj mrrj iwoz ¼63 QhV½ ¼69 QhV½ ¼59-5 QhV½ ¼46-5 QhV½ ¼63 QhV½ unh ¼ca/kkjk½ Ckk/knso?kksVh Lklank Qrsiwj dqahkkjh fllkyk 8 Ckka/kdke o kz cka/kdke egkjk Vª egkjk Vª egkjk Vª egkjk Vª egkjk Vª dj.kkjs kklu kklu kklu kklu kklu ljdkj 10 rykokph fo ks krk 11 vkarjflek ykach ehvj QhV fiduhd LikWd fiduhd LikWd fiduhd LikWd fiduhd LikWd L=ksr %& vf/k{kd vfhk;ark ikvca/kkjs fohkkx fiduhd LikWd flapu fodkl dk;zøe % R;kpizek.ks dk;zdzekvarxzr 1200 Mksgkaps dksygkiwjh ca/kkú;kp;k cqmhr {ks=kr [kksndke dsys tk.kkj vkgs- R;klkBh 60 dksvhapk fu;ro;; izlrkfor vkgs- rlsp 1000 ik.kh okij lalfkkaph LFkkiukgh fonhkkzp;k 11 ftyg;kr dj.;kr ;s.kkj vkgs- ;kstuspk ykhk lkeqfgd rlsp os;fdrd Lrjkoj Ogkok ;k mìs kkus ;kstusph vaeyctko.kh dj.;kr ;s.kkj vkgs- R;klkBh d` kh fohkkxkdmwu lqekjs 1 gtkj gsdvj lyx {ks= ik;khkwr ekuqu izr;sd rkyqd;kr,dk leqgkph fuom dsyh tk.kkj vkgs- ;k dk;zøekp;k vaeyctko.khlkbh vf/k{kd vfhk;ark] y?kq ikvca/kkjs] vejkorh o ukxiwj ;kap;k vf/kir;k[kkyhy y?kq ikvca/kkjs fohkkx o vejkorh] ukxiwj eglwy fohkkxkrhy y?kq flapu fohkkx] ftygk ifj kn vkfn ;a=.kk tckcnkj jkg.kkj vkgs- kwyksv;wc osy cka/k.;kpk dk;zøe Hkwty losz{k.k o fodkl ;a=.ksps rkf=d ekxzn kzd?ksmu jkcfo.;kr ;s.kkj vlwu R;klkBh LFkG fuf prhgh Hkwty losz{k.k fohkkx dj.kkj vkgs- lacaf/kr LFkGh iqjsls ik.kh miyc/k vly;kps izek.ki= vky;kuarjp lnj fbdk.kh kwyksv;wc osy?ks.;kr ;s.kkj vkgs- 34

35 fonhkz flapu fodkl dk;zøekvarxzr dksygkiwjh ca/kkú;kp;k cqmhr {ks=kr Mksg [kksn.;klkbh [kkjik.kiv;kr izk/kku; ns.;kr ;s.kkj vkgs- kwyksv;wc osy fuekz.k dj.;klkbh nkfjnz; js ks[kkyhy] vuqlwfpr tkrh o tekrhe/khy Hkw/kkjdkauk izk/kku; ns.;kr ;s.kkj vkgs- rlsp vkffkzdn` V;k ekxkloxhz; dqvwac vkf.k vkffkzdn` V;k lozlk/kkj.k dedqor dqvwac ;kaukgh izk/kku; jkghy- v kkizdkjs fonhkz l?ku flapu dk;zøe fonhkkzr kk or flapu fuekz.k dj.;klkbh mi;ksxh Bj.kkj vkgs- fbacd flapu % kk or ksrhlkbh ik.;kph miyc/krk d:u ns.;klkbh kklukus gkrh?ksrysy;k ty;qdr f kokj vfhk;ku gkrh?ksryk vkgs- ksrhlkbh miyc/k ik.;kpk dk;z{ke okij dj.;kl izksrlkgu ns.ks o tutkx`rh dj.ks gk ;k vfhk;kukp;k vusd mìs kkisdh,d mìs k vkgs- gs lk/; dj.;klkbh ftyg;kr tklrhr tklr ksrdú;kauk fbacd lap clfo.;kr m qdr dj.ks o izksrlkfgr dj.;kps dke d` kh fohkkx djhr vkgslokzalkbh ik.kh&vapkbzeqdr egkjk Vª &2019 varxzr ik.kh VapkbZ ifjflfkrhoj ekr dj.;klkbh jkt;hkjkr ty;qdr f kokj vfhk;ku jkcfo.;kpk egrokdka{kh fu.kz; kklukus?ksryk- lkrkjk ftyg;kr ;kiwohz lk[kgh i/nrhus flesav ca/kkú;kap;k fufezrhpk dk;zøe eksb;k izek.kkoj tyla/kkj.k fohkkx] oufohkkx] lkekftd ouhdj.k] tylaink] ftygk ifj kn] ik.khiqjobk] Hkwty losz{k.k vknh fofo/k fohkkxkap;k leuo;krqu tyla/kkj.kkph fofo/k dkes gkrh?ks.;kr vkyh vkgsr- ty;qdr f kokj vfhk;kukarxzr izr;sd ftyg;kae/;s eksb;k izek.kkr e`nk o tyla/kkj.kkph dkes gkrh?ks.;kr vkyh vkgsr- ;keqgs HkwxHkkZrhy ik.khikrgh ok<.;klg VapkbZ ifjflfkrhr ldkjkred cny gks.;kl fuf prp enr gks.kkj vkgs- ijarq] miyc/k ik.;kpk fidkalkbh vfu;af=r o cslqekj okij gksr vly;kps fnlwu vkys vkgs- R;keqGs ;k vfhk;kukrp ksrhlkbh miyc/k ik.;kpk dk;zøe okij dj.;kl izksrlkgu ns.;kvarxzr lw{e flapukyk xrh 35

36 ns.;kpk fu.kz;?ks.;kr vkyk vkgs- loz xkokae/;s fbacd fnukfufer; d` kh fohkkxkus dk;zøe?ksåu fbacd lap forjd rlsp lw{e flapuke/khy rtkkaekqzr ksrdú;kauk ekxzn kzu dj.;kr vkys- fbacd flapu] rq kkj flapukeqgs gks.kkjs Qk;ns] ik.kh o [krkph gks.kkjh cpr ;kckcr ksrdú;kauk ekxzn kzu dj.;kr vkys- ;keqgs fbacd flapu clfo.;klkbh ksrdjh izksrlkghr gks.kkj vlwu tklrhr tklr {ks= fbacd o rq kkj flapuk[kkyh ;sbzy o ty;qdr f kokj vfhk;kukpk n` ; ifj.kke ;k xkokae/;s fnlsyftyg;ke/;s xsy;k ngk o kkzr 38 gtkj 817 brd;k ksrdú;kauk 23 gtkj 953 gsdvj {ks=kdjhrk 42 dksvh 31 yk[kkgwu vf/kd jddespk fbacd flapu vuqnku ;kstuspk ykhk ns.;kr vkyk vkgs- 2014&15 e/;s 5 gtkj 210 ykhkkf;kzauk 3 gtkj 135 gs- {ks=kkdjhrk 11 dksvh 45 yk[kkps vuqnku okvi dj.;kr vkys- 2015&16 pk 19 dksvh 50 yk[kkpk fu;ksftr vkjk[kmk vlwu R;krwu 8 gtkj 650 gs- {ks=koj lap clrhyfbacd flapukps Qk;ns % fbacd lapkp;k okijkeqgs ik.;kph eksb;k izek.kkr cpr gksr vly;keqgs {ks= vksyhrk[kkyh vk.krk ;srs- mriknukr 30 rs 35 VDds ok< gksrs- r.kkp;k fu;a=.kkojhy [kpkzr cpr gksrs- lapkrwu nzo;lo:ikr jklk;fud [krkpk okij djrk ;srks- R;keqGs [krkp;k [kpkze/;s 20 rs 25 cpr gksrs- fbacd o rq kkj flapukeqgs tfeuhe/;s lrr okqlk ifjlfkrh fvdwu jkgrs- R;keqGs fidkph ok< mrre gksrs- ksrdú;kauk feg.kkjs kkldh; vuqnku % frjksmk rkyqd;krhy vr;yi o vyihkq/kkjd ¼2 gsdvj is{kk deh /kkj.kk {ks=½ ksrdú;kauk 60 VDds vuqnku mozfjr brj 2 gsdvj is{kk tklr /kkj.kk {ks= vlysy;k ksrdú;kauk 45 VDds vuqnku] lkrkjk] djkm] ikv.k] QyV.k] okbz] tkoyh o egkcgs oj rkyqd;krhy vr;yi o vyihkq/kkjd ¼2 gsdvj is{kk deh {ks=½ ksrdú;kauk 45 VDds vuqnku o mozfjr brj 2 gsdvj is{kk tklr /kkj.kk {ks= vl.kkú;k 36

37 35 VDds vuqnku vuqnkukph jdde fidke/khy varj o [kpz izek.kdkap;k e;kznsoj voyacwu vlrs- vuqnku ;kstuspk ykhk?ks.;klkbh vko ;d dkxni=s % 7@12] 8v] cwad iklcqdkp;k ifgy;k ikukph Nk;kafdr izr] ksrh lkewfgd vly;kl laerh i=] ik.kh o e`nk rikl.kh vgoky] prqzflek udk kk] flapu lapkpk vkys[k isijojhy vkjk[kmk] mriknd o ksrdú;kapk djkjukek] chy buogkbzl] ;k iwrhz vuqnku u?ksry;kpk nk[kyk] ksrdú;kaps flapu lapklg Nk;kfp=] pkyw o kkziklwu bz&fbcadoj vkwuykbu uksan.kh d:u lu 2015&16 ;k o kkze/;s fbacd o rq kkj flapu lap clfo.kkú;k ksrdú;kauh kkldh; vuqnku ykhk?ks.;kdjhrk d` kh fohkkxkp;k vkwuykbzu lkw Vosvj ¼bZ&fBacd½ ;k lax.kd vkkkoyhe/;s uksan.kh dj.;kdfjrk vkiy;k rkyqdk d` kh vf/kdkjh dk;kzy;k h laidz lk/kkok- ;k ;kstuspk ykhk?ks.;klkbh vuqnkuklkbh vtz ;k lnjk[kkyh ksrdjh vtz d: kdrksftyg;klkbh ykxw gks.kkjs flapu izdyi] uksan.khd`r daiu;k o forj.k ¼fMyj½] vuqnkuklkbh ik=?kvd o R;kaps nj] fbacd o rq kkj lap clfo.;kpk ekxzn kzd [kpz rlsp d` kh vf/kdkú;kaps laidz vknh rif kykph ekfgrh ladsrlfkgkoj miyc/k vkgs- ;k ladsrlfkgkoj ksrdú;kauk vkiy;k izlrkokojhy dk;zokghph o vuqnkukckcrph v kor ekfgrh fegsyty;qdr xko fo ks k vfhk;ku Eg.kwu fbacd o rq kkj flapukp;k ;kstukapk ksrdú;kauh tklrhr tklr ykhk?ksåu vkiys xko ik.;kp;k ckcrhr Lo;aiw.kZ dj.;kl gkrhkkj ykokok- Ålklkscrp QGckxk o brj fidkaukgh fbacd flapu o rq kkj flapukpk voyac dsy;kl fuf prp ik.;kpk dk;z{ke okij gksåu tklrhr tklr {ks= flapuk[kkyh ;s.;klg ik.;kp;k miyc/krsp;k dkyko/khe/;sgh ok< gkså kdsy- xjt vkgs rh QDr ksrdjh cka/kokauh iq<kdkj?ks.;kph- 37

38 izdj.k lgkoss ^^ y?kqflapu izdyikap;k ykhk/kkjdkapk vh;kl** fo ys k.k %& Hkkjrh; vfkzo;olfksr ksrhyk izeq[k LFkku vkgs- ksrdjh gk Hkkjrh; d` kh vfkzo;olfkspk vkf.k xzkeh.k fohkkxkrhy vkffkzd o lkekftd thoukpk,d fofhkuu o egroiw.kz?kvd vkgs- ekxhy ;kstuk dkgkr d` kh {ks=kkr eksb;k izek.kkr HkkaMoykps fofu;kstu dsy;kuarj gh ksrdú;kaph flfkrh lrr <klgr vkgs- gh,d fparktud ckc vkgs- Hkkjrh; ksrdjh vkffkzd o lkekftd thoukapk gk,d nqcgk o vla?kfvr?kvd vkgsy?kq flapu izdyikeqgs ksrdú;kap;k mriuukr ok< >kyh dk; \ lkj.kh Ø- 6-1 ksrdú;kap;k mriuukr ok< n kzd lkj.kh vfhkizk; ksrdú;kaph ksdmk izek.k la[;k v½ mriuukr ok< >kyh % Ck½ mriuukr ok< ukgh % d½ dkgh lkaxrk ;sr ukgh %,dw.k % ¼L=ksr %& izr;{k eqyk[krh Onkjk ladyhr ekfgrh½ Series 1 Series 2 Column Category A Category B Category C 38

39 ojhy lkj.kh o:u vls fnlwu ;srs dh] frjksmk rkyqd;krhy y?kq flapu izdyikp;k miyc/krseqgs 83.33% ksrdú;kap;k mriuukr ok< >kyh vls lkax.;kr vkys rj 10.00% ksrdú;kauh udkjkred mrrjs fnyh vkf.k 6.67% ksrdú;kauh ldkjkred fdaok udkjkred ;kisdh dqbysgh er O;Dr dsys ukghfu d kz %& 83.33% yksdkap;k ers y?kqflapu izdyikeqgs ksrdú;kap;k mriuukr ok< >kyh gh ksrdú;kalkbh] lektklkbh vkf.k jk VªlkBh tesph cktw vkgs- ;ko:u vki.k?ksrysyh izfke ifjdyiuk fl/n >kysyh vkgs- 6-2 y?kqflapu izdyikeqgs ksrdú;kap;k mriuukkr ok< >kyh R;keqGs R;kaP;k ks{kf.kd ik=rsr ok< >kyh dk\ vkf.k R;kapk ks{kf.kd Lrj mapkoyk vkgs dk;\ vlk iz u ksrdú;kauk fopkj.;kr vkyk ;ko:u iq<hy izek.ks ekfgrh izkir >kyhlkj.kh Ø- 6-2 ksrdú;kaps f k{k.k n kzd lkj.kh v-ø- vfhkizk; ksrdú;kaph la[;k ksdmk izek.k 1 vf'kf{kr ksrdjh % 2 izkfkfed f k{k.k % 3 Ekk/;fed f k{k.k ¼oxZ 10½ % 4 mpp ek/;fed f k{k.k % 5 inoh/kj f kf{kr % 6 ino;wrj f kf{kr ksrdjh %,dw.k % ¼L=ksr %& izr;{k eqyk[krh Onkjk ladyhr ekfgrh½ 39

40 Sr. No. 1 Sr. No. 2 Sr. No. 3 Sr. No. 4 Sr. No. 5 Sr. No. 6 Column1 Series 2 Series 1 Series 1 Series 2 Column1 ojhy lkj.kh Ø- 6-2 o:u vls fnlwu ;srs dh] uequ;klkbh fuomysy;k 150 ksrdú;kaisdh 3.33% ksrdjh vf k{khr] 14.00% ksrdjh izkfkfed f k{k.k?ksrysys] 46.67% ksrdjh gs ek/;fed f k{k.k ¼oxZ 10 i;zar½?ksrysys] 19.33% mpp ek/kfed f k{k.k?ksrysys] 13.33% inoh/kj i;zar f k{k.k?ksrysys rj 3.34% ino;wrrj f k{k.k izkir dsysys ksrdjh vk<gys vkgsfu d kz %& lnj ksrdú;kauh y?kqflapu izdyikpk ykhk izkir gksr vly;keqgs vkep;k mriuukr ok< >kyh o vkegh vkiy;k eqykckgkauk mpp f k{k.k nså vls dgfoys vlwu y?kq flapu izdyikeqgs vkeph vkffkzd flfkrh cú;kisdh pkaxyh vkgs vls lqpfoyslkj.kh Ø- 6-3 flapu L=ksrkeqGs jkstxkj n kzd lkj.kh vfhkizk; ksrdú;kaph la[;k ksdmk izek.k v½ jkstxkj fufezrhr ok< >kyh % Ck½ jkstxkj fufezrhr ok< ukgh % d½ dkgh lkaxrk ;s.kkj ukgh %,dw.k % ¼L=ksr %& izr;{k eqyk[krh Onkjk ladyhr ekfgrh½ 40

41 mijksdr lkj.khps voyksdu dsy;koj vls fnlwu ;srs dh] frjksmk rkyqd;kr T;k&T;k fbdk.kh flapu lks;h miyc/k vkgsr R;k fbdk.kh jkstxkj fuehzrh >kyh- ojhy lkj.kho:u vls Eg.krk ;sbzy dh] 85.33% ksrdú;kauh flapu lks;heqgs jkstxkj fuehzrhr ok< >kyh vls lkaxhrys rlsp 10.67% yksdkauh udkjkred mrrj fnys rj 4.00% yksdkauh dks.kfrgh izfrfø;k fnyh ukghfu d kz %& lnj y?kq kks/k izdyike/;s ifjdyiuk Ø- 2 gh [kjh Bjyh vkgs- dkj.k dh 85.33% ksrdú;kauh lkaxhrys dh y?kqflapu izdyikeqgs jkstxkj fuehzrhr ok< ok< >kyh vls lkaxhrys- ;ko:u jkstxkjkp;k n` Vhus flapu lks;hps egro ksrdú;kap;k n`f Vus] lektkp;k n`f Vus vkf.k ns kkp;k n`f Vus vuu;lk/kkj.k egro vkgs-gs fuohzokn fl/n >kys- 6-4 kkldh; vk/kkjkf kok; ksrhp;k fodklkps egro dk;\ vlk iz u ksrdú;kauk dsy;kuarj iq<hyizek.ks vfhkizk; izkir >kyk- Hkkjrh; ksrdjh dckm d V djrks i.k d V d:ugh R;kph flfkrh gh nsfu; vkgs- vkf.k T;k ksrdú;kaph vkffkzd flfkrhe/;s lq/kkj.kk >kyh R;kl kkldh; vk/kkj fnlqu ;srkslkj.kh Ø- 6-4 kkldh; vk/kkjkf kok; d` khps HkforO; dk;\ vfhkizk; ksrdú;kaph ksdmk la[;k izek.k v½d` khyk kkldh; vk/kkjkph % xjt vkgs Ck½ d` khyk kkldh; vk/kkjkph 00 00% xjt ukgh d½ dkghgh lkaxrk ;sr ukgh %,dw.k % ¼L=ksr %& izr;{k eqyk[krh Onkjk ladyhr ekfgrh½ ojhy lkj.kh Ø- 6-4 o:u vls fnlqu ;srs dh d` khyk kkldh; vk/kkjkph xjt vkgs vls Eg.k.kkjs 98.67% ksrdjh vkgsr] d` khyk kkldh; vk/kkjkph xjt ukgh vls Eg.k.kkjs,dgh ksrdjh ukghr- 41

42 rlsp dkghgh lkaxrk ;sr ukgh vls Eg.k.kkjs 1.33% ksrdjhps Eg.k.ks vkgsrfu d kz %& ojhy lkj.kh o:u vls fu d kz dk<rk ;sbzy d` khp;k mtoy HkforO;klkBh ksrhyk kkldh; vk/kkjkph xjt vkgs- ksrhyk ksrdú;kauk kkldh; vk/kkj u fegky;kl ksrdú;kae/;s usjk;kph Hkkouk fuekz.k gksbzy o ksrdjh fnolsafnol d` kh iklwu nwj gksr tkbzy o gs fp= ns kkp;k fgrkps ukgh- Eg.ktsp vls Eg.krk ;sbzy dh] kkldh; vk/kkjkf kok; d` khps HkforO; vk kknk;h ukgh- 6-5 d` kh {ks=klkbh vtwugh laj{k.kkps /kksj.k dk;e Bso.ks mfpr vkgs dk\ lnj y?kq kks/k izdyikps v/;;u djrkuk uequk fuomhrhy ksrdú;kauk vlk iz u fopkjyk dh d` kh {ks=klkbh vtwugh laj{k.kkps /kksj.k dk;e Bso.ks mfpr vkgs dk\ R;koj lnj ksrdú;kauh [kkyhy izek.ks vfhkizk;@vfhkizk; fnyklkj.kh Ø- 6-5 d` kh {ks=klkbh laj{k.kkps /kksj.kkph xjt d` kh {ks=klkbh vtwugh laj{k.kkps /kksj.k dk;e Bso.ks mfpr vkgs dk\ mrrjnkrs vfhkizk; ksdmk izek.k gks; % ukgh %,dw.k % ¼L=ksr %& izr;{k eqyk[krh Onkjs izkir ekfgrh½ Li Vhdj.k %& ojhy lkj.kho:u vls fnlqu ;srs dh d` khyk laj{k.kkph xjt vkgs vls Eg.k.kkjs 97.33% ksrdjh@mrrjnkrs vkgsr] rj d` khyk laj{k.kkph xjt ukgh vls er ns.kkjs QDr 2.67% mrrjnkrs ¼ ksrdjh½ vkgsr- ;ko:u vls fnlqu ;srs dh Lokra=izkIrhuarj vkt 70&71 o kkzuarjgh ksrdú;kap;k vkffkzd flfkrhe/;s fo ks k ldkjkred ifjorzu fnlqu vkysyk ukgh- R;kph 42

43 nsfu; volfkk vtwugh t khph r khp vkgs- rks vtwugh ijkoyach volfksrp vkgs- R;kyk Lokoyach gks.;klkbh ljdkjyk vtwugh cjsp dkgh djk;ps vkgsd` khyk laj{k.kkph xjt dk; vlk izfriz u dsy;koj R;kauh [kkyhy ckch lkaxhry;kl nj rhu o kkzr 1 o kz gk dksjm;k fdaok vksy;k n` dkgkpk vlrks- vkf.k,dk o kkzpk n` dkggh ijriqsm dj.;klkbh rhu o kkzpk dkyko/kh ykxrks- ifgy;k n` dkgkph ijrqsm gksr ukgh rj nqljk n` dkgkr lkeksjs tkos ykxrs- R;keqGs fc&fc;k.ks] ksrhph votkjs] [kr] vks k/kh] lkodkjkps dtz] ksrhph e kkxr] flapu ksrh vknh O;oLFkslkBh ksrdú;kauk lrjk nqlú;koj voyacqu jkgkos ykxrs- Eg.kwu d` kh {ks=klkbh vtwugh laj{k.kkps /kksj.k dk;e Bso.ks mfpr vkgslkj.kh Ø- 6-6 ksrdú;kaps lkekftd n`f Vdksu n kzfo.kkjh lkj.kh v-ø- fooj.k mrrjnkrs ksdmk izek.k 1 izzfrf Br % 2 vizfrf Br % 3 lkaxrk ;sr ukgh %,dw.k % ¼L=ksr %& izr;{k eqyk[krh Onkjs ekfgrh½ Social status

44 ojhy lkj.kho:u ksrdú;kaps vls Lo:i y{kkr ;srkr dh] ksrdú;kaps lkekftd n`f Vdksu n kzfo.kkjh lkj.kh r;kj dj.;kr vkysyh vkgsrizfrf Br mrrjnkr;kaph la[;k 14 Eg.kts 9-33 VDds vkgs- ksrdú;kaph lkekftd izfr Bk lkaxrk ;sr ukgh R;kaph la[;k 15 Eg.kts VDds vkgsr- rj ksrdú;kauk izfr Bk ukgh ¼vizfr Bhr½ vls Eg.kkjs VDds ksrdjh vkgsrojhy lkj.kho:u fnl.kkjs fp= gs Hk;kor vkgs o ns kkp;k fgrkps ukgh- 6-7 y?kq flapu izdyikeqgs ihd lajpusr cny >kyk vkgs dk\ vlk iz u lnj y?kq kks/k izdyikps v/;;u djrkuk ksrdú;kauk fopkj.;kr vkys rsogk uequk fuomhrhy ksrdú;kauh iq<hyizek.ks mrrjs fnyhlkj.kh Ø- 6-7 flapu izdyikeqgs ihd laj{k.kkph cny Y?kq flapu izdyikeqgs frjksmk mrrjnkrs ksdmk izek.k rkyqd;krhy ksrdú;kap;k ihd lajpuscny >kyk dk \ gks; % ukgh %,dw.k % ¼L=ksr %& izr;{k eqyk[krh Onkjs ladyhr ekfgrh½ Li Vhdj.k %& frjksmk rkyqd;krhy eq[; ihd gs /kku vkgs o?kkukyk ik.;kph tklr xjt vlrs- ojhy lkj.kho:u vls fnlqu ;srs dh] y?kq flapu izdyikp;k miyc/krseqgs ihd lajpusr cny >kyk vlk vfhkizk; ns.kkjs VDds mrrjnkrs vkgs- rj y?kqflapu izdyikeqgs ihd lajpusr dqby;kgh izdkjpk cny dj.;kr vkysyk ukgh- vls vfhkizk; ns.kkjs VDds mrrjnkrs vkgsr- dkj.k dh y?kqflapu izdyikph lks; tjh vlyh rjh g;k izdyikeqgs ckjkekgh vksyhrkph lks; miyc/k ukgh r;keqgs ihd lajpusr cny dj.;kr vkysyk ukgh- 44

45 lkj.kh Ø- 6-8 Hkkr mriknd ksrdú;kaps lkekftd dk;zøeke/;s Hkkx?ksr vlysy;k ksrdú;kaph flfkrh lkj.kh v-ø- fooj.k mrrjnkrs ksdmk izek.k 1 gks; % 2 ukgh %,dw.k % ¼L=ksr %& izr;{k eqyk[krh Onkjs izkir ekfgrh½ Li Vhdj.k %& ojhy lkj.khe/kwu vls fnlwu ;srs dh] Hkkr mriknd ksrdjh oxkze/;s lkekftd dk;zøeke/;s Hkkx?ks.kkÚ;k ksrdú;kaph la[;k 118 vkgs- vkf.k R;kaps ksdmk izek.k 78.67% vkgs- rlsp lkekftd dk;kzr lghkkxh u?ks.kkú;kaph la[;k 32 vkgs vkf.k R;kps ksdmk izek.k 21.33% vkgs- ;ko:u vls fnlwu ;srs dh] frjksmk rkyqd;krhy ksrdú;kaph lkekftd dk;kzr vkom fnlwu ;srs- 6-9 frjksmk rkyqd;krhy flapu izdyikeqgs d` kh mriuukoj vuqdqy ifj.kke?kmwu vkyk vkgs dk\ vlk iz u fopkjys vlrk mrrjnkr;kadmwu iq<hy izek.ks vfhkizk; izkir >kyklkj.kh Ø- 6-9 flapu izdyikeqgs d` kh mriknukoj gks.kkjk ifj.kke v-ø- flapu izdyikeqgs d` kh mriknukoj dlk ifj.kke >kykmrrjnkrs ksdmk izek.k 1 vuqdqy ifj.kke >kyk % 2 izfrdqy ifj.kke >kyk lkaxrk ;s.kkj ukgh- 06 4%,dw.k % ¼L=ksr %& izr;{k eqyk[krh Onkjs izkir ekfgrh½ 45

46 Effect On Agriclucture Produce from Irrigation Project Li Vhdj.k %& ojhy 6-9 lkj.khps voyksdu dsy;kuarj vls fnlqu ;srs dh] y?kqflapu izdyikeqgs frjksmk rkyqd;krhy d` kh mriknukoj vuqdqy ifj.kke fnlwu vkyk vlk vfhkizk; ns.kkjs mrrjnkrs vkgs- rj izfrdqy ifj.kke >kyk vls lkax.kkjs 00 ¼ kqu;½ VDds mrrjnkrs vkgsr vkf.k flapu izdyikeqgs dk; ifj.kke >kyk gs lkaxrk ;s.kkj ukgh vlk vfhkizk; ns.kkjs mrrjnkrs fegkys- ;ko:u gs fu d kz dk<rk ;sbzy dh ksrh O;olk;kr flapu izdyikauk vuu;lk/kkj.k egro vkysflapu lks;h&lqfo/kkf kok; ksrdú;kap;k] lektkp;k o ns kkp;k fodklkph dyiuk dj.ks v kd; vkgs- Eg.kts flapukf kok; ksrhph dyiuk dj.ks gosr /kuq ;ck.k lksmy;klkj[ks vkgs- vkffkzd ekfgrh %& ekuokp;k vuu] ol=] fuokjk] f k{k.k vkf.k vkjksx; ;k eqyhkwr xjtk vkgsr- R;k xjtkaph iwrhz dj.;kdjhrk ekuokyk islk fegokok ykxrks- dkj.k is kkeqgsp ;k loz xks Vh [kjsnh dsy;k tkå kdrkr vkf.k ;kojp ek.klkph vkffkzd flfkrh voyacwu vlrs- Hkkr mriknd ksrdú;kaps vkffkzd flfkrh tk.kwu?ks.;klkbh [kkyhy lkj.kh r;kj dj.;kr vkyh- 46

47 lkj.kh Ø ksrdú;kaps okf kzd mriuu n kzfo.kkjh lkj.kh v-ø- Okkf kzd mriuu ¼:i;ke/;s½ mrrjnkr;kaph la[;k ksdmk izek.k i;zr % &50000 i;zr % &100000i;Zr % &500000i;Zr % ps oj %,dw.k % ¼L=ksr %& izr;{k eqyk[krhonkjs izkir ekfgrh½ Yearly Income above Li Vhdj.k %& ojhy 6-10 lkj.kho:u vls fnlwu ;srs dh : i;zr okf kzd mriuu feg.kkú;k ksrdú;kaph la[;k 30 Eg.kts VDds vly;kps vk<gwu vkys- : &50000 i;zr okf kzd mriuu feg.kkú;k ksrdú;kaph la[;k 28 Eg.kts VDds vkgs- : & i;zr okf kzd mriuu feg.kkú;k ksrdú;kaph la[;k 58 vkgs- Eg.kts VDds vkgs- : & i;zr okf kzd mriuu feg.kkú;k ksrdú;kaph 47

48 la[;k 22 vkgs Eg.kts VDds vkgs- vkf.k : ps oj okf kzd mriuu feg.kkú;k ksrdú;kaph la[;k 12 vkgs Eg.kts 8-00 VDds vkgs- vls ojhy lkj.kho:u fnlqu ;srs- lkj.kh Ø ksrdú;kaps okf kzd mriuu lek/kk.kdkjd n kzd forj.k v-ø- vfhkizk; dqvwackph la[;k ksdmk izek.k 1 vlek/kkudkjd % 2 lek/kkudkjd % 3 dkgh lkaxrk ;sr ukgh %,dw.k % ¼L=ksr %& izr;{k eqyk[krhonkjs izkir ekfgrh½ Column1 Series 2 Series Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Li Vhdj.k %& ojhy 6-11 lkj.kho:u vls fnlwu ;srs dh] Hkkr mriknd ksrdú;kaph eqyk[kr?ksrysy;k,dw.k 150 ksrdjh oxkzisdh 92 ksrdjh vlek/kkuh vkgs] Eg.ktsp VDds ksrdjh vlek/kkuh vkgs- rj 36 ksrdjh Eg.kts 24 VDds ksrdjh oxz gk lek/kkuh vly;kps vk<gwu vkys ukgh- vkf.k 22 ksrdú;kauh Eg.ktsp ksrdú;kauh dkghgh lkaxrk ;sr ukgh vls lkaxhrys- 48

49 lkj.kh Ø ksrdú;kaps LFkk;h lairrh vkgs fdaok ukgh n kzfo.kkjh lkj.kh v-ø- vfhkizk; dqvwackph la[;k ksdmk izek.k 1 gks; % 2 ukgh %,dw.k % ¼L=ksr %& izr;{k eqyk[krhonkjs izkir ekfgrh½ Li Vhdj.k %& ojhy 6-12 lkj.kho:u vls fnlwu ;srs dh] Hkkr mriknd ksrdú;kadms vl.kkjh LFkk;h lairhps izek.k VDds Eg.kts 115 ksrdjh oxkzdms LFkk;h lairrh vkgs- rj LFkk;h lairrh ul.kkú;k ksrdjh oxkzph la[;k 35 Eg.kts VDds ksrdjh oxkzdms LFkk;h ukgh ;ko:u vls y{kkr ;srs dh tklr ksrdú;katog LFkk;h lairh vkgslkj.kh Ø ksrdú;kauk feg.kkjs vfrfjdr mriuu n kzfo.kkjh lkj.kh v-ø- vfhkizk; dqvwackph la[;k ksdmk izek.k 1 gks; % 2 ukgh %,dw.k % ¼L=ksr %& izr;{k eqyk[krhonkjs izkir ekfgrh½ Li Vhdj.k %& ojhy 6-13 lkj.kho:u vls fnlwu ;srs dh] Hkkr mriknd ksrdú;kauk vfrfjdr mriuu lq/nk fegrs] ;kr mriuu feg.kkú;k ksrdú;kaph la[;k 39 vlwu R;kps ksdmk izek.k 26 VDds vkgs- vfrfjdr lk/kukiklwu mriuu u feg.kkú;k ksrdú;kaph la[;k 111 vkgs] Eg.ktsp R;kps ksdmk izek.k 74 VDds vkgs- 49

50 lkj.kh Ø ksrdú;kauk vfrfjdr mriknu feg.kkjs L=ksr n kzfo.kkjh lkj.kh v-ø- mrrjnkr;kps Lo:i dqvwackph la[;k ksdmk izek.k 1 uksdjh % 2 O;olk; % 3 ofmykaps isu ku % 4 tksm/kamk % 5 vu; L=ksr %,dw.k % ¼L=ksr %& izr;{k eqyk[krhonkjs izkir ekfgrh½ Extra Income from Other Sources Li Vhdj.k %& ojhy 6-14 lkj.kho:u vls y{kkr ;srs dh] Hkkr mriknd ksrdú;kauk vfrfjdr mriuu feg.kkú;k mrrjnkr;kaph ifjflfkrh [kkyhy izek.ks vkgs- uksdjh d:u vfrfjdr mriuu feg.kkú;k yksdkaph la[;k 26 Eg.kts VDds mrrjnkrs vkgsr- rj ofmykaps isu ku Eg.kwu mfrfjdr mriuu defo.kkú;kaph la[;k 25 Eg.kts VDds vkgs- O;olk;kiklqu vfrfjdr mriuu fegfo.kkjs 15 mrrjnkrs Eg.ktsp,dw.k 10 VDds mrrjnkrs vkgsr- ksrhiqjd tksm/kank dj.kkjs 65 mrrjnkrs Eg.ktsp VDds mrrjnkrs vkgsr rj vu; L=ksrkiklwu mriuu@mriknu fegfo.kkjs 19 mrrjnkrs vkgsr Eg.ktsp 50