rsjko;k 'krdkrhy ejkbh Hkk"kk] O;kdj.k o 'kcnlaxzg

Transkript

1 rsjko;k 'krdkrhy ejkbh Hkk"kk] O;kdj.k o 'kcnlaxzg izk-mkw MkW- HkkÅlkgsc xes ejkbh fohkkx izeq[k] dyk o okf.kt; egkfon~;ky;] ;soyk ft- ukf kd b-l rs 1350 ;k dkgkr egkjk"vªkr :< vl.kkú;k ejkbh Hkk"ksyk vki.k ;knodkyhu ejkbh vls Eg.krks- dkj.k ;k dkgkr ;knokaps egkjk"vªkoj jkt; gksrs- ;kno jktkauh izr;{k fdaok vizr;{k jhrhus ejkbh okm~e;kyk pkyuk fnyh vkgs- jkensojko ;kno ;kap;k dkgkr Kkus ojh gk xzafk fygyk xsyk- R;kp lqekjkl egkuqhkkoiafkkps okm~e; fygys xsys- jkensojk; ;kno ;kap;k vkj;kyk ujsanz gk doh gksrk- ;k dkgp;k in~; xzafkkis{kk yhgkpjh=] n`"vkarikb] _/nhiwj o.kzu ;klkj[;k xzafkkeqgs R;kosGP;k cksyhhkk"ksph dyiuk ;srs- lalñr&izkñr&vihkza k ;k volfksrwu ifj.kr >kysyh ejkbh Hkk"kk d kh gksrh gs egkuqhkko okm~e;] Kkus ojh fdaok foosdfla/kw ;k xzafkko:u dgwu ;srs- ;k Hkk"ksps Lo:Ik lalñr] Qkj kh fdaok baxzth ;k Hkk"ksps frp;koj opzlo ulysys gksrs ksrs-- Hkk"kk gh izr;sdkp;kp ifjp;kph] vfrifjp;kph xks"v vkgs- frpk vki.k izr;gh okij djhr vlrks- 'oklkspnoklkbrdhp Hkk"kk gh vfuok;z vlrs- frph vfuok;zrk vkiy;k /;kukr ek= ;sr ukgh- tls gosf kok; vkiy;kyk {k.khkjgh jgk.ks v kd; vlrs- rlsp Hkk"ksokpwu lq/nk O;ogkjkr vkiy;kyk {k.khkjgh jgk.ks v kd; vlrs- frp;k Lo:i o dk;kzpk 'kkl= kq/n fopkj cktqykp jkgrks i.k lk/kk fopkjgh vki.k dsysyk ulrks- Hkk"kslac/khpk fopkj Hkk"ksr dj.ks frrds lksis ulrs- cksy.;kcn~ny cksy.ks usgehp vo?km vlrs- Hkk"kk Eg.kts dk;\ vlk iz u tj dks.kh fopkjyk rj vki.k?kksvkg;kr imrks-?kqvegr mrrjrks& ^^Hkk"kk Eg.kts ts eh cksyrks] rw cksyrks;** Hkk"kk Eg.kts cksy.ks,o<kp LFkwyekukus vfkz vki.kkl ekfgr vlrks- rks pqdhpk vkgs( vls ukgh rj ^^Hkk"kk O;DRkRo okps** vls lalñr /kkrq ikbkrgh lkafxrys vkgs- Hkk"kk Eg.kts ok.khps O;Dr:Ik gh dyiukgh iqokzikj pkyr vkysyh vkgs- Hkk"kk gk 'kcn O;ogkjkr vki.k vusd lanhkkze/;s okijrks- fofo/k vfkkzauh vki.k okijrks ^dkfynklkph Hkk"kk eksbh izklkfnd vkgs* ;k okd;kr dkfynklkps ys[ku vlk vfkz vfhkizsr vkgs- ^rq>h Hkk"kk eyk letw 'kdr ukgh- ;k fbdk.kh leksjp;k O;DrhP;k eukrhy gsrw vlk vfkz vfhkizsr vlrks- ^dk; gks ;kph Hkk"kk*\ ;k okd;krqu cksy.kkú;k O;DrhP;k rksamh usgeh vi kcnp vlrkr vls lqpok;ps vkgs- ^vlk ukvdh cksyq udksl* bfks vki.k,dk ukvdh Hkk"kspk 'kks/k ykoysyk vlrks- dohph Hkk"kk] xzkeh.k Hkk"kk] nfyr Hkk"kk v kk fdrhrjh izdkjkauh Hkk"kk ;k 'kcnkpk iz;ksx vki.k djhr vlrks- Hkk"kk'kkL=kP;k lanhkkzr brd;k O;kid vfkkzus Hkk"kk gk 'kcn d/khp okiyk tkr ukgh- ^ekuoh eq[ksafnz;krwu izdv.kkú;k /ouhauh cuysy;k Hkk"kspkp Hkk"kk kkl=kr fopkj dsyk tkrks- Hkk"kk gk 'kcn ^Hkk"k* ;k uken kzd vkf.k fø;kn kzd 'kcnkrwu vkysyk vkgs- R;kpk eqg vfkz cksy.ks] vkokt mriuu dj.ks vlk vkgs- baxzth dks kkr Hkk"kk ;k 'kcnklkbh language speech vls i;kz; 19

2 lqpfoysys fnlrkr- dks k okm~%e;kr Hkk"kk ;k 'kcnkpk ^^ekuoh eq[kkrwu fu?kkysyh lkfkz /ouh lafgrk** vlk vfkz fnysyk vkgs- Hkk"kk Eg.kts O;ogkjkr izo`rr dj.kkú;k lkfkz /ouhapk leqg- Hkk"ksr 'kcn vlrkr- rs /ouhauh cuysys vlrkr- rs /ouh dkgh fof k"v fu;ekauh,desdka kh tksmysys vlrkr- ;k /ouhapk mi;ksx ekuoh O;ogkj lqdj dj.;klkbh dsyk tkrks- Eg.kwu Hkk"kk gs O;ogkjkps eq[; lk/ku Bjrs- Hkk"ksus ekuoh O;ogkj lqdj vkf.k lqyhk gksrks- O;ogkjiqohZps lqyhk lk/ku Eg.kts Hkk"kk gks;- ex rks O;ogkj,dk ek.klkp;k vlks fdaok vusd ek.klkapk vlks-,dv;kpk vlsy rj euq"; vkiys fopkj fodkj O;Dr djhy o vkiy;k,dv;kiqjrs O;ogkj iqrhzps lk/ku fegfoy- vkusd ek.klkacjkscjpk O;ogkj vlsy rj rksp euq"; vkiy;k fopkj fodkjkps izdvhdj.k d:u o R;kps fuosnu HkksorkyP;k eamghauk d:u vkiy;k O;ogkjiqrhZps lek/kku Lor% fegohu o brjkaukgh fegoqu nsbzu- vkreizdvhdj.k o vkrefuosnu ;k nksugh xks"vh Hkk"ksP;k eqgk kh vlrkrvk;q";krhy rhoz mrdv vuqhkokap;k {k.kh lgtrsus eq[kkrwu R;k R;k fof k"v olrqp;k n kzukus izdvysys /ouh Lej.kkr Bsowu iqugk R;k olrqp;k n kzu dkyhu izdvfo.;kps cq/nhdks ky; ekuokus nk[kfoys- ;kizek.ks Hkk"ksps Lo:i O;Dr djrk ;srs- ejkbhpk dkfyd vh;kl% ;knodkg@rsjko;k 'krdkrhy ejkbh Hkk"ksps Lo:i % b-l rs 1350 ;k dkgkr egkjk"vªkr :< vl.kkú;k ejkbh Hkk"ksyk vki.k ;knodkyhu ejkbh vls Eg.krks- dkj.k ;k dkgkr ;knokaps egkjk"vªkoj jkt; gksrs- ;kno jktkauh izr;{k fdaok vizr;{k jhrhus ejkbh okm~e;kyk pkyuk fnyh vkgs- jkensojko ;kno ;kap;k dkgkr Kkus ojh gk xzafk fygyk xsyk- R;kp lqekjkl egkuqhkkoiafkkps okm~e; fygys xsys- jkensojk; ;kno ;kap;k vkj;kyk ujsanz gk doh gksrk- ;k dkgp;k in~; xzafkkis{kk yhgkpjh=] n`"vkarikb] _/nhiwj o.kzu ;klkj[;k xzafkkeqgs R;kosGP;k cksyhhkk"ksph dyiuk ;srs- lalñr&izkñr&vihkza k ;k volfksrwu ifj.kr >kysyh ejkbh Hkk"kk d kh gksrh gs egkuqhkko okm~e;] Kkus ojh fdaok foosdfla/kw ;k xzafkko:u dgwu ;srs- ;k Hkk"ksps Lo:Ik lalñr] Qkj kh fdaok baxzth ;k Hkk"ksps frp;koj opzlo ulysys gksrs-- egkjk"vªkoj ejkbh Hkk"ksP;k tuekiklqu pkj jktovh h gksåu xsy;k- 1- ;knokaph ¼vkfn dkg½ 2- Ckgkeuhph Eg.kts eqlyekukaph 3- f'kokthaph Eg.ktsp ejkb;kaph e/;dkg 4- baxzthaph ¼vokZphu dkg½ izr;sd jktovhr jkt;dr;kzap;k Hkk"kspk ejkbhoj ifj.kke >kysyk vk<grksifgy;k dky[kamkrhy Eg.kts ;knokap;k dkgkrhy Hkk"ksps Lo:Ik letqu?ks.;klkbh f kykys[k] rkeziv o rrdkyhu xzafk gh lk/kus var;ar mi;qdr vkgsr- f kykys[k o rkeziv ;ke/;s ejkbh Hkk"ksps ts 20

3 Lo:Ik fnlrs rs vfr k; <kscy vls vkgs- ;k loz lk/kukar xn~;xzafk gs izeq[k o mi;qdr lk/ku ekuys tkrs- ;k loz lk/kukao:u ;kno dkgkrhy Eg.ktsp 13 O;k 'krdkrhy ejkbhps Lo:i Li"V gksrsegkuqhkkfo;kauh lkadsfrd fyihr xzafk fyfgy;keqgs Qkj foñrh R;kr >kysyh fnlr ukgh- in~; LoSj vlwu R;kyk Ñf=ersp ca/ku vlrs- rh [kjh Hkk"kk uogs- Hkk"kspk vh;kl djrkauk cksyhyk egrro fnys ikfgts- izkphu dkgkrhy Hkk"kspk lokzxha.k vh;kl dj.ks 'kd; ulrsfoosdfla/kw] Kkus ojh] yhgkpjh= gs xzafk ejkbhp;k dkyfuf prhps egrrokps lk/ku vkgs- foosdfla/kw gk xzafk b-l lkyh fyfgyk Eg.ktsp ckjko;k 'krdkr xzafk ys[ku dj.;kbrdh ejkbh Hkk"kk izxyhk gksrh- lu 1129 e/;s lkses oj ¼foØekfnR;kpk eqyxk½ ;kus ekulksuukl gk lalñr xzafk fyfgyk- R;kr ejkbhr dkgh o.kzus vkgsr- T;ksfr"kjRuekyk e/;s 11 O;k 'krdkrhy ejkbh Hkk"kk igk;yk fegrsrkezys[k o f kykys[kkao:u ejkbhp;k dkgkpk vankt ;srks- ejkbh vk;zhkkjrh; Hkk"kkoa kkrhy Hkk"kk vlwu nzfom Hkk"kka kh ejkbhpkk tklr lac/k vkgs- vk;zhkkjrh; Hkk"kkaP;k osfnd volfksrhy xzafk miyc/k vkgsr- iwozosfnd volfkk vuqekfur vkgs- nqljh volfkk vfhktkr lalñrph ;kps O;kdj.k ikf.kuhus jpy;keqgs lqo;oflfkri.kk fnlrks- Hkk"kk LoSji.ks okijyh tkrs- lalñr iafmrkuh Hkk"ksyk cafnlr dsys- R;keqGs rh Hkk"kk nqjkor xsyh- lkeku;kae/;s izkñr izpfyr >kyh- R;kr LFkkun kzd fhkuurk gksrh- uarjph vihkza k volfkk gh ejkbhph iwozfibhdk gks;- nzfom Hkk"kkaps laldkj gk ejkbhpk [kkl osxgsi.kk lkaxrk ;srks- rsjko;k 'krdkrhy 'kcnlaink% lkekftd 'kcn gs ;knodkfyu ¼rsjkO;k 'krdkrhy½ ejkbhps osf k"v; vkgs- izr;;kap;k,soth 'kcn okijys tkå ykxys- mnk- R;kyk &yk izr;;k,soth ^lkbh* gk 'kcn R;klkBh] ;sfkwu &rsogkaiklqu] R;kr& R;ke/;sizkÑr vihkza kko:u 'kcn:ik cu.ks o lalñr 'kcn uo;kus ;s.ks vlkgh izdkj fnlrks- mnk- izkñr vihkza kko:u vkysyk 'kcn vmk.kh] vkkuh gk lalñr 'kcn gh ejkbhph izo`rrh ;knodkgkr B:u xsyh gksrh- izr;;kauk gh egrro gksrs- mnk- nsos&,dkj] vtqzu&mdkj] lalñr iw.kzizr;;h :i ejkbhus fvdfoysrlsp lkeku;:is dsyh tkå ykxyh- mnk- nsosoh.k] lk;klsoh.k] ek>s;k] b;s] et] la;qdr fø;kins gs,d osf k"v;s lkaxrk ;srs- mnk- futtsys fejfor vls- ;knodkyhu ejkbhyk duum 'kcn Lohdkjkos ykxys- mnkmgh] cksjk] gkgh ;k dkgkr rrle o rn~hko 'kcngh vk<grkr- mnk- rrle 'kcn&nzo;] loz{k] mnd] JheqrhZ rn~hko 'kcn& fnbh lq.ks] yhgk] xkao] lj.k b- rlsp QkjlhPkk vr;yi izhkko fnlrks- nkjosx jk[k.ks] cht dj.ks os/k lapkj.ks vls okdizpkj vk<grkr- ;k dkgkr ^G*dkj vlysys foiqy 'kcn fnlrkr- rks nzkfomh Hkk"kkaP;k izhkkokeqgs vkys- mnk- yhgk] lg] Mksyds] nsåg- 21

4 ;knodkyhu ejkbhps Lo:i ¼rsjkos 'krd½ 1- o.kz izfø;k ¼v½ Loj 1- vihkz kkarhy loz Loj ;kno Hkk"ksr vkgsr- _ ;k Lojkph vihkza kkr v] m[ fj v kh :is gksrkr- ;kno ejkbhrgh rh r khp vk<grkr- mnk- _f/niwjo.kzu,soth fj/niqjo.kzu- ijarq ;kp dkgkr Hkk"ksr lalñrhdj.k gksr vly;keqgs ;kno dkgkrhy ejkbhe/;s rrle 'kcnkae/;s ^_* rlkp dk;e jkghy;kpsgh fnlrs- rn~hko 'kcnkr vihkza kkizek.ksp v] m] fj v kh :ikarjs gksrkrmnk- r`.kkiklwu & r.k e`nq &eå _rq & fjrq o`{k & :{k _.kh & :.kh 2- 'kcnkjahkhp;k ^v* pk izr;; 13 O;k 'krdkrhy ejkbhr ^vk* vlk dsyk tkr vls- mnk- egkjk"vª,soth ekgkjk"vª] 'kgk.ks,soth 'kkgk.ks- 3- ;kno ejkbhr, cn~ny ;s vkf.k vks cn~ny oks nzkohmhp;k ifj.kkekeqgs gksr vls- mnk-,so<s,soth ;so<s] vksg[k&oksg[k- 4- ;kno dkgkr ÚgLo fdaok nh?kz Lojka,soth la;qdr Loj ;srkr- mnk- tls] rls,soth tsls] rsls- c½ O;atus 1- ^G* gk eq/kzu; mppkj ;knodkgkr uogrk- i.k rks iq<s nzkfomhrqu fdaok osfnd lalñriklqu ikyhlkj[;k Hkk"kkarqu rks ejkbhr vkyk vlkok- 2- ^[k* cn~ny ^"k* ;srks- mnk- js[kk &js"kk- 3- jqkjuarj mppkj f}= gksr vls mnk- /kez&/keekz] fdrhz & dh=hz 4- u vkf.k.k ;kap;kr Dofpr?kksVkGk >kysyk fnlrks- tkghu&tkgh.k- 5- 'kq/n rkyo; o nur; rkyo; vlk mppkjkar Qjd dj.;kph izo`rrh ;k dkgkr lq: >kyh vlkoh- rrle 'kcnk ;k o.kkzpk mppkj 'kq/n rkyo; gksrks- ijarq rn~hko 'kcnkr ek= R;kapk nur; rkyo; mppkj gksr vls- Nsn.ks] fopkj] okpu ;k 'kcnkr 'kq/n rkyo; mppkj rj okp.ks] pkems] pkd gs nurrkyo; mppkj gksr- 6- Lojkaxekph iq"dg mnkgj.ks ;k dkgkr fnlrkr- mnk- Jko.k,soth & ljko.k] y{eh & y{kqeh- d½ fohkdrh izr;; % fohkqdrh izr;; mnk-,dopu vusdopu izfkek m] v] vks] vk,] v x.ks kq] vfhkizk; fonrh;k m] vk],] ;k] rs] vkw],] v Tk.kksZ/nkv] Hkko b];k]fl 22

5 r`rh;k vks],w],wu] us] bz gh] bz bz ojs] loz{ks] ekamyhdsgh] iamhrh prqfkhz g;k],;k] vkw] lh] vkw]lh R;klh] esnkrs] vksr njkoabhfp;k iapeh vksfu] vksfu;k] gqfu gqfu Eks?kkgqfu] leq>ksfu "k"vh Pkk] ph] ps] ps] P;k] ph O;klkpk lireh bz] vkarq], vkw] bz nsogk] ik;kwa pj.kh lacks/ku vk ikfkkz rsjko;k 'krdkr fohkdrhaps izr;; lozukekauk ykxwu R;kaph dkgh perdkfjd :ias gksr vlr- rh y{kkr Bso.;ktksxh vkgsr- ^rw* ;k lozukekyk osxosxgs izr;; ykxwu R;kph :is iq<hyizek.ks cuysyh vk<grkr- rqvk] rs;krs] rksgh] rqegkgqfu] rs;k b- ;k dkgkr ejkbhrhy izfkespk ^m* gk izr;; vihkza kkiklwu pkyr vkyk vkgs- is kosdkgki;zar gk izr;; ejkbhr fnlr gksrk- "k"vhp;k ;kno dkgkp;k izr;;kr vkf.k vktp;k izr;;kr Qkjlk cny ulyk rjh "k"vhp;k :ikps R;kdkGh,d osf k"v;s fnlwu ;sr gksrs- "k"vhp;k izr;;kuarj ^fu* gk o.kz R;kiq<s ykxr vls- laxzkekpsfu- 2- 'kcn;ksxh vo;;s% rsjko;k 'krdkr 'kcn;ksxh vo;;s f}rh;k] r`rh;k] prqfkhz o lireh ;k pkj fohkdrhauk tksmwu ;sr gksrh- mnk- bz o:okpqfu] HkrkZjsufgu] es?kklokpqfu] b- fø;kinkaph izr;; % 1- orzekudkg & izr;; &,] fl] r] rkrh ¼mnk- vknzds] vuqhkorkrh½ 2- HkwrdkG & y] uyk] uyyk] fnugyk] dk<huyyk 3- Hkfo";dkG &,y],sy ¼gks,y] fuoszy½ 4- vkkkfkkzph :is & djks] ekaxks 5- fo/;fkz :is & djokok] n;kok 6- dez.kh :is & Eg.khis]?ksis 7- vo;;s & rs] rsfkksuh] rúgh] Eg.kksuh b- 13 O;k 'krdkrhy Hkk"kspk lkekfldrsdmhy dy % ;k dkgkr izfkesiklwu lacks/kuki;zar fohkdrhaph izr;;h :is ¼izR;; ykxqu cuysyh :is½ fnlwu ;srkr- f}rh;k] izfkek ;kaph :is,dp vkgsr- iapeh fohkdrh cgqrs 'kcn;ksxh vo;;kauh lk/kysyh fnlwu ;srs- vihkza kkr ukefohkdrhr,d:irk vkysyh gksrh- ;knodkyhu ejkbhrgh,dfo/krsdms dy fnlwu ;srks- mnk- iqyyhaxh vkdkjkur ukekph r`rh;sph] prqfkhzph] iapehph] "k"vhph o lirehph :is vdkjkur gksrkr ;kpkp vfkz ukekaph izr;;h fohkdrh :is,dfo/k cur gksrh- ;k,dfo/krseqgs dkgh fohkdrh dsog 23

6 lanhkkzo:p vksg[kko;k ykxr- v kk osgh uohu 'kcn;ksxh vo;;kap;k lkg;kus fohkdrhps vfkz O;Dr gkså ykxys- 'kcn;ksxh vo;;s yko.;kiqohz ukekps lkeku;:i gkså ykxys- 'kcnfl/nh 'kcnfl/nh gh 'kk[kk ;knodkgkr vr;ar likuuk o fofo/krkiw.kz gksrh- 'kcnkps izdkj iq<hyizek.ks vk<grkr- 1- /ou;kuqdkjh 'kcn & dmkmhys] [kgkg b- 2- Rkf}r izfø;k Eg.kts nzd] bo ;klkj[ks izr;; ykxqu cuysys 'kcn mnk- lks;fjd] lksfyo b- 3- fo}:dr 'kcn & lkifci] ek.kqlfcuql 4- uke/kkrw o fø;kokpd 'kcn gs pkj izdkj vihkza kk}kjs?ksrys- lkekftd 'kcn gk izdkj nzkfomp;k laidkzus ;kno ejkbhr vkyk- lanhkz xzafk % 1- Hkk"kkfoKku o.kzukred vkf.k,sfrgkfld ¼laik-½ &ekky k]s bukenkj] lkse.k] izfkeko`rrh&tkusokjh 26] 1982] lat; izdk ku iq.ks 2- lqcks/k Hkk"kk'kkL= % tks kh iz- ua- izfkeko`rrh 14 uksogsacj 1998 Lusgo/kZu izdk ku] iq.ks- 3- ejkbhps,sfrgkfld Hkk"kk kkl= % xkslkoh j- jk-] izfkeko`rrh tqys 15] 1999] Lusgo/kZu izdk ku] iq.ks- 24