lirjax vùet mejmjeleer negme (Fbef[Ùee) Øee0efue0 eqacbz (Fbef[Ùee) f'k{kd&nf'kzdk ysf[kdk MkWú eatq"kk lat; Lokeh

Transkript

1 lirjax f'k{kd&nf'kzdk 5 ysf[kdk MkWú eatq"kk lat; Lokeh vùet mejmjeleer negme (Fbef[Ùee) Øee0efue0 eqacbz (Fbef[Ùee)

2 Second Floor, MGM Tower, 19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi (India) Phone : Fax : delhi@saraswatihouse.com Website : CIN : U22110DL2013PTC Import-Export Licence No Branches: Ahmedabad (079) Bengaluru (080) , Bhopal Chennai (044) Dehradun Guwahati (0361) Hyderabad (040) Jaipur (0141) Jalandhar (0181) , Kochi (0484) Kolkata (033) Lucknow (0522) Mumbai (022) , Patna (0612) Ranchi (0651) Reprint 2016 ISBN: Published by: New Saraswati House (India) Pvt. Ltd. 19 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi (India) The moral rights of the author has been asserted. Reserved with the Publishers All rights reserved under the Copyright Act. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transcribed, transmitted, stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language or computer, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, photocopy or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. Printed at: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., Sahibabad (Uttar Pradesh) This book is meant for educational and learning purposes. The author(s) of the book has/have taken all reasonable care to ensure that the contents of the book do not violate any copyright or other intellectual property rights of any person in any manner whatsoever. In the event the author(s) has/have been unable to track any source and if any copyright has been inadvertently infringed, please notify the publisher in writing for any corrective action.

3 izlrkouk jk"vªh; 'ks{kf.kd /ksj.kkph :ijs"kk (2005) ;keè;s gh lwpuk fnyh xsyh vkgs dh eqykauk 'kkys; thoukcjkscj vkiy;k lhkksorkyp;k okrkoj.kk'kh tksmk;yk gos- uohu jk"vªh; 'ks{kf.kd /ksj.kkr eqykaps f'k{k.k Learning without Burden Ogkos vls lkafxrys vkgs- gs èkksj.k iqlrdh Kkukph th ijaijk vkgs] R;kP;k usedh myv vkgs- uohu vh;kløekoj vkèkkfjr vkeps ^lirjax* gs ikbô iqlrd eqykapk o;ksxv vkf.k R;kaph uslfxzd vkom y{kkr?ksåu r;kj osqys vkgs- gs iqlrd eqykauk ikbkarj dj.;kiklwu ijko`ùk djsy o ejkbh Hkk"kk f'kd.;kph vkom fuekz.k djsy- ;k iqlrdkp;k okpukeqgs eqykaps Kku o`f¼xar gksbzy vkf.k R;kapk lok±xh.k fodkl] thou tx.;kph dyk] i;kzoj.k laj{k.k] mrñ"v pkfjf=kd xq.k rlsp usfrd ewy; ok<hl ykxrhy- eqys tsogk vkbz&omhy vkf.k?kj ák orqzgkarwu ckgsj ;srkr o f'klrhp;k ckaèkysy;k okrkoj.kkr izos'k djrkr rsogk R;kaP;k eukr Hkhrh vlrs- R;kaP;klkBh 'kkgk] R;kaps uohu fe=k] f'k{kd ák lx ;k xks"vh uohu vlrkr- thoukp;k ekxkzoj ifgys ikåy Bso.kk:;kalkBh gs iqlrd Eg.kts,d [kjk lkfkhnkj vkf.k ekxz nk[kfo.kkjk fe=k Eg.kwu mi;ksxh gksbzyeqykauk Hkk"ksP;k O;kogkfjd okijklkbh ák iqlrdkr osxosxgs jax] 'kjhjkps vo;o] iqgs&iqqys] i'kq&i{kh ;kaph fp=ks fnyh vkgsr- ák fp=kkaoj dke dj.;kus eqykap;k Kkukr Hkj imsy R;kpizek.ks uohu Kku R;kauk fegsy o ijlij O;ogkjkr Hkk"kspk 'kq¼ okij djk;yk rs f'kdrhy- Hkk"ksph loz izdkjph ;ksx;rk&,sd.ks] cksy.ks] f'kd.ks vkf.k fyfg.ks] fopkj dj.ks vkf.k let.ks b- f'kd.;klkbh dkgh vh;kl fnysys vkgsrf'k{kd&nf'kzdk gs iqlrd f'k{kdkalkbh fyfgy;kxsysys vkgs- lirjax& iqlrdkr fny;kxsysyh mfn~n"vs fon;kf;k±i;zr iksgpkoh o R;kaP;k Kkukr Hkj im.;klkbh gs iqlrd ekxz n'kzuij vlsyf'k{kdkadmwu rlsp vuqhkoh f'k{kdkadmwu fny;k tk.kk:;k ly.;kaps vkegh Lokxr djrks R;keqGs ;k iqlrdkp;k la'kks/ukr enr fegsyysf[kdk (iii)

4 vuqøef.kdk 1. Hkkjrekrk (dfork) xokzps?kj [kkyh dksfdgsph yckmh iqqyik[k: (dfork) eqyykpk dj xkulezkkhµyrk eaxs'kdj ân;ifjorzu jax vkyk (dfork) fugs deg ukrkg N=kirh f'kokth egkjkt dk;kzy; (dfork) vkt lw;z dks.khdms vksg[kk ikgw (dfork) ok<fnolkph HksV (iv)

5 1. Hkkjrekrk f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; dfork Lojcn~/ d:u xkåu f'kdokoh fon;kf;k±uk dforsrhy 'kcn&hkkokfkz letyk vkgs dk ;kph imrkg.kh d:u?ks.ks- fon;kf;k±p;k vkdyu 'kdrhpk fodkl dj.ks- Hkkjrekrsfo"k;hph fu"bk] izse] izdv dj.ks- HkkjrekrsP;k Lo:ikps o.kzu dj.ksewghkko vkepkh Hkkjrekrk vkegkyk fiz; vkgs- rh fofo/rsus uvysyh vkgs- jax] xa/] osxgs vlys rjhgh loz bfkyh iqqys vkgsr- Hkkjrekrsps HkkSxksfyd o.kzu djrkuk ysf[kdk Eg.krkr dh bfkyh 'ksrs] ekrh] okjs] ik.kh lxgs lqanj o fiz; vkgs bfkyh eqys ln~xq.kh vkgsr- vkegh [kjpa /U; vkgksr dh vkegh ;k Hkwfeoj tue?ksrysyk vkgs- HkkjrekrsP;k lksan;kzfo"k;h fon;kf;k±'kh laokn lk/.ksikbkjahk iwoz vki.k dks.kr;k ns'kkr jkgrks- vkiy;k Hkkjrh; èotkps o.kzu djk;yk lkax.ks- HkkjrkP;k lksan;k±ps] lalñrhps o.kzu dj.ks- fofo/rsus uvysy;k HkkjrekrsP;k lkekftd ifjflfkrhps o.kzu dj.ksikbkjahk dfork Lojcn~/ d:u xkåu f'kdokoh-,d&,d vksg Eg.kwu nk[kfoy;koj fon;kf;k±uk rh vksg ijr pkyhr Eg.kk;yk lkaxkohdfork Eg.kr vlrkauk fon;kf;k±p;k mppkkj.kkdms y{kn;kostlsµeqys] iqqys] okjs] ;sffky] ln~xq.kh] èot] /: b- lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 5

6 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl Hkk"kk Kku lxgs ekuo leku vkgsr gh f'kdo.k Hkkjrkus txkyk fnyh- 2. Hkkjrkrhy ekrh vkegkyk fiz; vkgs] >qg>qg.kkjs ik.kh] >qy.kkjh 'ksrs] lglg.kkjs okjs vkegkyk fiz; vkgs- 3. Hkkjrekrsph eqys ln~xq.kh vkgsr- 4. Hkkjr gk leǹ~/h o fofo/rsus uvysyk ns'k vkgs- osxosxg;k tkrh/ekzps yksd bfks jkgrkr- HkkjrekrsP;k izsek[kkrj frp;k j{k.kklkbh vkiy;k izk.kkps cfynkugh yksdkauh fnysys vkgsr- Hkkjrekrk vkegk lxg;kauk fiz; vkgs] ;k ekrsph eqys ln~xq.kh vkgsr- Hkkjrekrk lqtyke~] lqiqyke~ vkgs- 2. ekuo lkjs leku vlrh] f'kdo.k gh txrkl fnyh ;k ekrsph eqys ln~xq.kh loz txkyk fiz; >kyhfygk 1. vkeph Hkkjrekrk vkegkyk fiz; vkgs- vkegh lxgh frph eqys vkgksr- tjh vkeps jax osxosxgs vlrhy] xa/ osxosxgs vlsy rjhgh vkegh rsfkyh iqqys vkgksr fo'o 2. >samk 3. iz.kke 4. vkbz 5. okl lkaxk o pyk [ksgw;k gk iz'u fon;kf;k±uh Lor%p djkok- 6 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

7 2. xokzps?kj [kkyh f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; /Mk okpwu?ks.ks o /Mk letkowu lkafxry;koj fon;kf;k±uk èkmk letyk vkgs dk ;kph imrkg.kh d:u?ks.ks fon;kf;k±p;k eukr ;s.kkjs osxosxgs fopkj izdv dj.;kl lkax.ks- ;k /M;klwu dks.krk cks/ >kyk vkgs gs y{kkr?ks.ks- xoz dj.ks okbzv vlrs- vki.k d/hgh xoz d: u;s gk /Mk fon;kf;k±p;k eukr fcaco.ks- usgehp lxg;kapk vknj djkok gh Hkkouk fon;kf;k±p;k eukr fuekz.k dj.ksewghkko,dk fbdk.kh,d ckacwps o vkac;kps >km gksrs- vkac;kps >km etcwr vly;keqgs R;kyk vkiy;koj xoz gksrk rsp ckacwps >km yofpd vly;keqgs okjk okghy R;k fn'ksus rs okdr gksrs- vkac;kp;k >kmkus ckacwp;k >kmkyk letoys okjk okfgy R;k fn'ksyk >qowq udks vls lkafxrys i.k ckacwp;k >kmkyk Lor%P;k pkaxy;k okx.;koj fo'okl gksrk Eg.kwu R;kus vkac;kp;k >kmkps,sdys ukgh- okjk gs lxgs,sdr gksrk R;kyk jkx vkyk rks osxkus okgw ykxyk vgadkjh vkac;kps >km eqgkldv mivwu esys i.k ckacwps >km ok:;kp;k osxkusgh esys ukgh- Eg.kwup lnso nql:;kapk vknj djkok dks.kkykgh deh ys[kw u;s gk /Mk f'kdowu ;k dfksp;k rkri;kzfo"k;h ppkz dj.ksikbkjahk iwoz,[kkn;k xks"vhiklwu /M;kph lq:okr dj.ks- fon;kf;k±p;k eukr 'kdrh Js"B] fon;k Js"B dh vgadkj] xoz Js"B ;kfo"k;h cksyrs dj.ks- >kmk>kmke/hy iqjd n'kzfo.ks- lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 7

8 nql:;kauk ukos Bso.;kis{kk Lor%oj fo'okl Bsowu tks nql:;kap;k Eg.k.;kdMs nqyz{k djrks rksp Js"B- xoz dj.ks okbzv vlrs- xoz d: u;s ;kfo"k;h fon;kf;k±ph ers tk.kwu?ks.ksikbkjahk f'k{kdkauh,d mrkjk okpwu nk[kokok fon;kf;k±uh R;kps vuqdj.k d:u izdv okpu djk;yk lkaxkosfon;kfkhz /Mk okpr vlrkuk R;kaP;k mppkj.kkdms y{k n;kostlsµiqkan;k] xoz] lekarj] fgeer] xii] ekö;kis{kk] xks"v- 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl vkac;kps >km [kwip eksbs gksrs- R;kP;k iqka kgh etcwr o loz=k iljysy;k gksr;k] R;kph ewgs [kksyoj tfeuhr #tysyh gksrh- 2. ckacwps >km ckjhd o yofpd gksrs- R;keqGs T;k fn'ksus okjk okgr R;k fn'ksyk rs >qdr vls- 3. ;k txkr T;kaP;kdMs fgeer] 'kdrh vkgs- R;kaukp eku vlrks- 4. okjk osxkus okgw ykxyk R;kus okngkps :i?ksrys- vkac;kp;k >kmkus okngkyk Fkkacfo.;kpk [kwi iz;ru osqyk ijarq ;k iz;rukr vkac;kp;k >kmkph tfeuhr [kksyoj xsysyh eqgs rqvyh o vkac;kps fo'kky >km tfeuhoj dkslgys- 5. ;k ikbkrwu vki.k xokzps?kj usgehp [kkyh vlrs gs f'kdrks- 8 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

9 Hkk"kk&Kku HkwrdkG 2. orzekudkg 3. Hkfo";dkG 4. orzekudkg 5. HkwrdkG R;kP;k 2. rw 3. rw 4. R;kyk ek>a 2. rqyk 3. rqö;kr 4. rks 5. R;kpk fygk o lkaxk gs iz'u fon;kf;k±uh vkiy;k eukizek.ks fygkos- 3. dksfdgsph yckmh f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; /Mk okpwu?ks.ks o /Mk letkowu lkafxry;koj fon;kf;k±uk /Mk letyk vkgs dk ;kph imrkg.kh d:u?ks.ks- fon;kf;k±p;k eukr ;s.kkjs osxosxgs fopkj izdv dj.;kl lkax.ks- ;k /M;krwu dks.krk cks/ >kyk vkgs gs y{kkr?ks.ks- dks.kkojgh MksGs can d:u fo'okl d: u;s- lxg;ka'kh izsekus okxr vlrkuk oqq.kh vkiy;kyk iqlow u;s ;kph usgehp n{krk?;kohewghkko,dkp >kmkoj jkg.kk:;k] jaxkus&:ikus lkj[;kp fnl.kk:;k dksfdgk& dkoghph dgk.kh- dksfdgk iqdr >kmkoj clk;ph] bdms&frdms fiqjk;ph] ukpk;ph o etkp etk djk;ph- dkogh ek=k esgurh gksrh rh lk/kh eksgh gksrh- frus olar Írw vky;koj?kjvs cka/ ys o R;kr vamh fnyh- R;kp >kmkoj jkg.kk:;k?kqcmkus dksfdgsfo"k;h dkogh yk letoys o frus R;kdMs nqyz{k osqys&dksfdgsus Lor% ps lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 9

10 ?kjvs cuoys ukgh dkogh.khp;k?kjv;kr vlysyh dksfdghps fiyys oqqgw&oqqgw cksyw ykxyh 'ksovh dksfdgsyk dkog;kph yckmh dgyh i.k osg fu?kwu xsyh gksrhfon;kf;k±uh dks.kkojgh vka/gk fo'okl d: u;s v'kh f'kdo.k nsowu ;kfo"k;h ppkz dj.ksikbkjahk iwoz osxosxg;k i{;kaph ukos o R;kaps vkokt ;kfo"k;h ppkz dj.ks- lqanj&lojkr dks.krk i{kh xkrks ;kfo"k;h eqykaps Kku imrkg.ks- Hkkjrkph xkudksfdgk dks.k ;k lkj[ks iz'u fopk:u fon;kf;k±p;k Kkukyk pkyuk ns.ks- dks.kr;kgh O;fDraoj vka?kgk fo'okl Bso.ks ;ksx; vkgs dk\ rqepk fo'okl?kkr dkgh >kyk vkgs dk\ ;kfo"k;h fon;kf;k±'kh ppkz d:u R;kaph ers tk.kwu?ks.ksikbkjahk f'k{kdkauh,d mrkjk okpwu nk[kokok- fon;kf;k±uh R;kps vuqdj.k d:u izdv okpu djk;yk lkaxkos- fon;kfkhz /Mk okpr vlrkuk R;kaP;k mppkj.kkdms y{k n;kostlsµdkm;k] HkksGh] ikyoh] eksgj] Írw] iqdr rso<;kr]?kjv;kr] y{kkr] fiyys- 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl ikb&kku dkogh lkèkh HkksGh rj dksfdgk [kwi yckm gksrh- 10 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

11 2. dksfdgsph vamh vkiy;k?kjv;kr vly;kps dkoghp;k y{kkr vkys ukgh- 3. dkogh fiyykauk cksyk;yk f'kdor gksrh- dkoghph fiyys dko&dko Eg.kr gksrh- i.k?kjv;kr dkgh fiyys oqqgw&oqqgw Eg.kr gksrh Eg.kwu dkoghyk jkx vkyk- 4. dkoghph fiyys eksbh >ky;koj rh R;kauk mmk;yk] nk.ks fvik;yk o cksyk;yk f'kdow ykxyh- 5. dksfdgsyk bdms frdms fiqjkos] ukpkos] vkuankus mmkos iqdr etk djkoh vls okvs- 2. fjdke;k tkxk 1. vkac;kps 2. olar&ikyoh 3.?kqcMkus 4. pkjk 5. la/h Hkk"kk&Kku dkogh 2. dksfdg 3. eqyxh 4. jk.kh 5. flafg.k 6. Egkrkjh 7. dof;=kh 8. egkjk.kh fygk 1. pwd dh cjkscj 1. pwd 2. cjkscj 3. pwd 4. cjkscj 5. pwd 2. okd;kr mi;ksx 1. ek>h vkbz lkèkh HkksGh vkgs- 2. oqq=;kph fiyys Nku fnlrkr- 3. vkac;kp;k >kmkyk eksgj vkyk- 4. dksfdgsus?kjv;kr vamh fnyh- lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 11

12 lkaxk gk iz'u fon;kf;k±uh Lor%P;k eukus fygkokpyk[ksgw ;k fpo fpo fpo 2. dko&dko 3. fobw fobw 4. f[kadkgrks 5. gacjrs 6. oqq owq Mp owq 7. csa&csa f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; 4. iqqyik[k: dfork Lojcn/ d:u xkåu f'kdokoh fon;kf;k±uk dforsrhy 'kcn&hkkokfkz letyk- vkgs dk ;kph imrkg.kh d:u?ks.ks- fon;kf;k±p;k vkdyu 'kdrhpk fodkl dj.ks- l`"vhry;k fpeqdy;k foekukps o.kzu dj.ks- iqqyik[kjkap;k lksan;kzps o.kzu dj.ksewghkko bekjrhp;k iq<s ckxsr lqanj iqqyik[k: fxjd;k?kkyhr vkgsrok:;kcjkscj gy.kk:;k fgjo;k jaxkp;k xorkoj osxosxg;k jaxkps iqqyik[k: iqqyk izek.ks fnlrkr osxosxg;k jaxkpk >xk?kkywu iqqyik[k: fhkjfhkjrkrv'kk lqanj iqqyik[kjkaps fp=k dk<wu R;kP;k ia[kkeèks jax Hk:- ;k dforsr n'kzfoysy;k iqqyik[kjkp;k lksan;kzps o.kzu d:u R;kP;kfo"k;h ppkz dj.ks- 12 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

13 ikbkjahk iwoz osxosxg;k i{kkaps R;kaP;k lksan;k±ps o.kzu dj.ks- iqqyik[k:ps oghr fp=k dk<k;yk ykokos o jaxok;yk ykokos- iqqyik[k: iqkjp uktwd vlrkr ;kfo"k;h ppkz d:u iqqyik[k:uk idmw u;s ;kfo"k;h eqykauk ekxzn'kzu dj.ksikbkjahk dfork Lojcn~/ d:u xkåu f'kdokoh-,d&,d vksg Eg.kwu nk[kfoy;koj fon;kf;k±uk rh vksga ijr pkyhr Eg.kk;yk lkaxkohdfork Eg.kr vlrkuk fon;kf;k±p;k mppkj.kkdms y{k n;kostlsµiq<s] lktwd] Mqys] ysowuh] fp=k] Hk#- 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl ikb&kku bekjrhp;k iq<s ckx vkgs- 2. ok:;koj fgjos&fgjos xor Mksyr vkgs- 3. iqqyik[kjs fug;k] tkahkg;k] rkacql] fiog;k jaxkph vkgsr- 4. ckxsr iqqyik[kjs osxosxg;k jaxkpk >xk?kkyqu ckxsr ;srkr- Hkk"kk&Kku 2. opu cnyk 1. iqqyik[kjs 2. ckxk 3. okjs 4. >xs 5. ia[k lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 13

14 3. ok:;kojrh fgjos fgjos xor dksogs Nku Mqys] fugk tkahkgk rkacql fiogk jax ysowuh ;sr iqqys! iqqyik[kjkaps ia[k uktwd vlrkr- 2. ckxsr xor Mksyr vkgsr- 3. fiogk jax eyk vkomrks- 4. ekö;k?kjkleksj ckx vkgs- 5. eh 'kkgsps fp=k dk<ys >kmkoj 2. iyaxkoj 3. gkrkoj 4. iqlrdkoj 5. Vscykoj 6. nkjkoj 5. eqyykpk dj f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; /Mk okpwu?ks.ks o /Mk letkowu lkafxry;koj fon;kf;k±uk èkmk letyk vkgs dk ;kph imrkg.kh d:u?ks.ks- fon;kf;k±p;k eukr ;s.kkjs osxosxgs fopkj izdv dj.;kl lkax.ks- ;k /M;krwu dks.krk cks/ >kyk vkgs gs y{kkr?ks.ks- ryy[k cq¼hus vki.k lxgs dkgh glrxr d: 'kdrks- 'kdrhis{kk ;qdrh Js"B ;k ;qdrhoj vk/kfjr /M;kfo"k;h ppkz dj.ksewghkko,dnk egkjktkp;k Eg.k.;k izek.ks eksyohauh fg'kksc egkjktkauk 14 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

15 nk[koyk- rs ikgwu egkjkt nq%[kh >kys rsogk egkjktkauk dgys dh ufl#nnhu eqyykus dj Hkjyk ukgh rsogk R;kauh eksyohauk 'ksrdjh eqyykpk 'ksrkoj tkåu ts ihd vlsy R;kpk v/kz Hkkx vk.kk;yk lkafxrys- eqyykus vkiy;k ryy[k cqn/hus nksu osgsyk eksyohuk gkr pksgr ijr ikboysfon;kfkk±uk 'kdrh is{kk ;qdrh Js"B ;kfo"k;h lkaxwu R;kaP;k'kh ;k ikbkoj ppkz djkohikbkjahk iwoz ckn'kgkp;k dkgkr dke dj.;kph iènr d'kh gksrh gs ikbk}kjs letkowu lkax.ks- R;k dkgkr dj Eg.kwu èkku;kpk Hkkxgh?ksryk tkr vls- ;kfo"k;h fon;kf;k±uk Kku ns.ks- ;qdrhoj vk/kjysyh,[kknh xks"v lkaxkoh o 'kdrh Js"B dh ;qdrh ;kfo"k;h fon;kf;k±ph ers tk.kwu?ks.ksikbkjahk f'k{kdkauh,d mrkjk okpwu nk[kokok fon;kf;k±uh R;kps vuqdj.k d:u izdv okpu djk;yk lkaxkos- fon;kfkhz /Mk okpr vlrkuk R;kaP;k mppkj.kkdms y{k n;kostlsµea=;kdms] 'ksrlkjk] ryy[k] gkrpksgr] ufl#n~nhu fyf[kr]?ks.;kpk] cqnèkhus- 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl ikb&kku eksyohauh ufl#n~nhups dj u Hkj.;kps dkj.k lkafxrys dh lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 15

16 tsogk eksyoh R;kP;k dms 'ksrlkjk ekxk;yk tkrkr rsogk R;kP;kdMs ns.;klkbh dkghgh ulrs- 2. ckn'kgkus vkns'k fnyk dh] tk vkf.k 'ksrkr ts ihd vlsy R;kpk v/kz Hkkx?ksÅu ;k- 3. ufl#n~nhuus eksyohauk lkafxrys dh lkaxk] rqegkyk 'ksrkry;kfidkapk ojpk Hkkx gok vkgs dh tfeuhryk\ 4. ufl#nnhuus 'ksrlkjk Hkjyk uogrk ckn'kgkp;k vkns'kkeqgs 'ksrkr tsihd vlsy R;kpk v/kz Hkkx?ksÅu ;k vls eksyohus ufl#nnhuyk lkafxrys lqjokrhyk jktkus 'ksrkry;k fidkpk ojpk Hkkx ekfxryk R;kosGsyk ufl#nnhuus dkans 'ksrkr ykoys- dkans tfeuh[kkyh ;srkr- nql:;k osgsyk jktkus 'ksrkry;k fidkapk [kkypk Hkkx ekfxryk rsogk 'ksrd:;kus xgw 'ksrkr ykoys xgw 'ksrkr >kmkoj r;kj gksrkr R;keqGs eksyohauk 'ksrd:;kp;k cqn/hpkrq;kzeqgs 'ksrlkjk fegkyk ukgh gs okd; eksyoh jktkyk Eg.kkyk- 2. gs okd; jktk eksyohauk Eg.kkys- 3. gs okd; eksyohauh ufl#n~nhuyk EgVys- 4. gs okd; ufl#n~nhuus eksyohauk EgVys tfeuhr 2. tfeuhoj 3. tfeuhoj 4. tfeuhr 5. tfeuhoj 6. tfeuhr Hkk"kk&Kku pqxyh pgkmh dj.ksokd;µjkeus jk/kfo"k;h vkbzps dku Hkjys- 2. bfpnysyh xks"v izkir u gks.ksokd;µjke cf{kl u fegky;keqgs gkr pksgr ijr?kjh vkyk- 16 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

17 2. 1. ek>s?kj LoPN vkgs- 2. rw tso.k dj- 3. jktkus dj olwy osqyk- 3. fon;kf;k±uh 'kcn fygkos 'kkgsiklwu ckxsiklwu 2. cly;keqgs imy;keqgs 3. eksb;kauk i{;kauk fygk fon;kf;k±uh eukizek.ks fygkos- 6. xkulezkkhµyrk eaxs'kdj f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; /Mk okpwu?ks.ks o /Mk letkowu lkafxry;koj fon;kf;k±uk gk èkmk letyk vkgs dk ;kph imrkg.kh d:u?ks.ksfon;kf;k±p;k eukr ;s.kkjs osxosxgs fopkj izdv dj.;kl lkax.ks- ;k /M;krwu dks.krk cks/ >kyk vkgs gs y{kkr?ks.ks- xku dksfdgk yrk eaxs'kdjkap;k thoukpk ifjp; d:u?ks.ksewghkko vkiy;k vkoktkus laiw.kz tx ea=keqx/ dj.kkjh xkf;dk yrkeaxs'kdj gks;- R;kapk tue banksj ;sfkhy egkjk"vªh; oqqvqackr >kyk- R;kaps ikg.;kps uko g~n;k gksrs- R;kaph lxghp HkkoaMs xk.;kr rjcst vkgsr- o;kp;k ikpo;ko"kkziklwu R;kapk dkjdhnhzph lqjokr >kyh- yrk eaxs'kdj ;kauh cgqrsd loz Hkk"ksr xk.kh xkf;yh vkgsr R;kaps ^,s esjs oru osq yksxksa* gs xk.ka,sdy;koj Hkkjrkps iariz/ku iafmr tokgjyky usg:p;k MksG;krwu lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 17

18 ik.kh vkys- nhnhaps uko fxuht oymz jsdkwmzleè;ş vkgs- nhnhauk lxgsp izfln~/ iqjldkj fegkys vkgsr i.k Hkkjr ljdkjus R;kauk in~ejh] Hkkjr jru gk iqjldkj nsåu fohkwf"kr osqysv'kk lqizfln~/ yrk nhnhap;k thoukfo"k;h ppkz dj.ksikbkjahk iwoz osxosxg;k {ks=kkr izfln/ vl.kk:;k O;Drhaph ukos?ks.;kl fon;kf;k±uk lkax.ks- fp=kivkrhy xk;d] xkf;dkph ukos fopkj.ks- xkudksfdgk gh mik/h oqq.kkyk fegkyh ;kfo"k;h iz'u fopkj.ks- yrkeaxs'kdjka fo"k;h ekfgrh ns.ks- R;kaP;k dk;kzpk xksjo dj.ksikbkjahk f'k{kdkauh,d mrkjk okpwu nk[kokok- fon;kf;k±uh R;kps vuqdj.k d:u izdv okpu djk;yk lkaxkos- fon;kfkhz /Mk okpr vlrkuk R;kaP;k mppkj.kkdms y{k n;kostlsµxkulezkkh] ân;k] o"khz] xkf;yh] dkjdhnhzyk] Lojcn~èk] mlrkn] vjw- 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl yrkfnnhapk tue banksj 'kgjkr >kyk- 2. fnnhauh o;kp;k ikpo;k o"khz ckydykdkj Eg.kwu dke osqys- 18 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

19 3. fnnhauh uvyh ps=kkph uoykbz gs xhr ifgyh eaxgkxksj ;k fp=kivklkbh xk;ys- 4. vfhktkr laxhrkr mlrkn vfej[kk o mlrkn cm+s xqykevyh gs R;kaps vkomrs xk;d vkgsr- 5. fnnhauh Lor% ^vkuan?ku* g;k miukok[kkyh ejkbh xk.kh Lojc¼ d:u xkf;ysyh vkgsr- 6. Hkkjr ljdkjus R;kauk in~ejh rlsp Hkkjrkpk lokszpp iqjldkj ^HkkjrjRu* inohus fohkwf"kr osqys vkgs g~n;k 2. vk'kk Hkkslys] m"kk eaxs'kdj] ehuk eaxs'kdj] g~n;ukfk eaxs'kdj 3. egy] e/qerh 4. egy fp=kiv vk;sxk vkusokyk 5.,s esjs oru osq yksxksa Hkk"kk&Kku yrk eaxs'kdj [;kruke xkf;dk vkgs- 2. ek>k ns'k egku vkgs- 3. vk'kk Hkksalys ;kapk vkokt e/wj vkgs- 4. eyk fp=kivkr dke djk;yk vkomrs Js"B 2. izfln~/ 3. eatwg 4. lqj fygk o pyk [ksgw;k gs iz'u fon;kf;k±uh Lor% djkos- 7. ân;ifjorzu f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; /Mk okpwu?ks.ks o /Mk letkowu lkafxry;koj fon;kf;k±uk gk lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 19

20 èkmk letyk vkgs dk ;kph imrkg.kh d:u?ks.ks- fon;kf;k±p;k eukr ;s.kkjs osxosxgs fopkj izdv dj.;kl lkax.ks- ;k /M;krwu dks.krk cks/ >kyk vkgs gs y{kkr?ks.ks-,dtwvhps egrro fon;kf;k±uk ivowu ns.ksewghkko,dk taxykr eèkkseèk ryko gksrs R;k taxykr vusd izk.kh jkgr- R;kr gj.kkaph la[;k tklr gksrh-,dk dgikr 47 rs 50 gj.ks vlr- v'kkp,dk dgikr,d dkgs gj.k gksrs rs [kwi lqanj gksrs R;k vj.;kr f'kdkjh vkys R;kauh dkgs gfj.k ikfgys o R;kauk rs gfj.k [kwi vkomys R;kyk idm.;klkbh R;kauh tkgs ykoys o rs taxykr jk=kh >ksih xsys nql:;k fno'kh nqikjh gfj.k ik.kh fi.;klkbh vkys- vyxn dkgs gfj.k tkg;kr vmdys- rs ikgwu f'kdk:;kauk vkuan >kyk R;kauh nql:;k gj.kkauk igo.;klkbh gosr canqdhp;k nksu isqjh >kmy;k i.k gfj.k igwu u tkrk rs dkg;k gfj.kktog mhks jkfgys- loz gj.kkap;k MksG;kr ik.kh gksrs gj.kkaps dkg;k gfj.kkojhy izse ikgwu R;kauh dkg;k gfj.kkyk eqdr osqys- dkgh osgkuarj gj.ka taxykr xsyh o vkuankus jkgw ykxys- ikbkjahk iwoz taxykr dks.kdks.krs izk.kh vlrkr R;kfo"k;h fon;kf;k±uk cksyrs dj.ks- i{kh o izk.;kap;k lewgkyk ejkbh Hkk"ksr dk; Eg.krkr ;kfo"k;h fon;kf;k±uk fopkj.ks- dks.krs i{kh&izk.kh,dvs o lewgkr jkgrkr ;kfo"k;h ekxzn'kzu dj.ks- gfj.kkap;k dgikr R;kaph,drk nk[kowu vkiy;k fe=kkps izk.k okporkuk Lor%oj vkysy;k ladvkdms nqyz{k djkos- gs lkax.ks- 20 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

21 ikbkjahk f'k{kdkauh,d mrkjk okpwu nk[kokok fon;kf;k±uh R;kps vuqdj.k d:u izdv okpu djk;yk lkaxkos- fon;kfkhz /Mk okpr vlrkuk R;kaP;k mppkj.kkdms y{k n;kostlsµunhp;k] fo.;klkbh] fojkarh vkreleiz.k] TkkGs] f'kdk:;kauk] isqjh- 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl ikb&kku taxykr gj.kkaph la[;k tklr gksrh- 2.,dk dgikr,d dkgs gfj.k gksrs- rs [kwi gq'kkj gksrsfnlk;yk [kwi lqanj gksrs- R;kps rstloh ped.kkjs yky MksGs ikgwu brj izk.kh?kkcjr- 3. taxykr izk.;kauk ik.kh fi.;klkbh,d ryko gksrs ek=k R;k taxykr flag] ok?k] dksygk brj tukojs gksrh- R;keqGs gj.ka dgikr jkgr nqikjh loz izk.kh >ksih tkr rsogk gj.kkpk dgi ik.kh fi.;klkbh rykokdms ;sr- 4.,dk taxykr gj.kkaps dgi jkgr,dk dgikr dkg;k jaxkps gfj.k gksrs lxgs gfj.k R;kP;koj izse djr gksrs,dnk f'kdk:;kauk dkgs gfj.k vkomys R;kauh dkg;k gfj.kkyk tkg;kr idmys i.k ckdhph gj.k R;k dkg;k gfj.kkp;k togp mhkh gksrh R;kauk igfo.;klkbh f'kdk:;kauh canqdhp;k isq:;k >kmy;k i.k gj.kkauh ig.;kpk iz;ru lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 21

22 osqyk ukgh myv R;kaP;k MksG;kr ik.kh gksrs- R;k lxg;kaps dkg;k gfj.kkoj izse ikgwu f'kdk:;kauh gj.kkauk lksmwu fnys pwd 2. pwd 3. cjkscj 4. cjkscj 5. cjkscj 3. 1.,d?kunkV taxy gksrs- 2. mugkg;kr [kwi rgku ykxrs- 3. gfj.k dgikr jkgrkr- 4. f'kdkjh i{;kaph f'kdkj djrkr- 5. dk;zøekp;k 'ksovh ikgq.;kaps vkhkkj ekukosfygk deh 2. m".k vlrozq 5. fojg nq%[kh gks.ksµ fe=kkph vkbz nsok?kjh xsyh gs,sowqu ek>s g~n; Hk#u vkys- 2. y{kiwozd,sd.ksµekatj nw/firkauk dku Vodkjrs- 3. uoy okv.ksµrktegy ikgrkp eyk rs dls cka/ys vlkos ;kfo"k;h vk'p;z okvys vkys 2. vmdys 3. I;k;ys 4. >kmy;k 5. ykoys okvhhkj?kjhkj cknyhhkj isykhkj 2. #isjh pansjh 3. n;kgw >ksikgw lkaxk gk iz'u eqykauh Lor%P;k eukus fygkos- 22 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

23 8. jax vkyk f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; dfork Lojcn~/ d:u xkåu f'kdokoh fon;kf;k±uk dforsrhy 'kcn&hkkokfkz letyk vkgs dk ;kph imrkg.kh d:u?ks.ks- fon;kf;k±p;k vkdyu'kdrhpk fodkl dj.ks- osxosxg;k jaxkps egùo fon;kf;k±uk ivowu lkax.ks ika<jk] fgjok] dkgk] fugk] yky osxosxg;k jaxkps xq.k fon;kf;k±uk lkax.ksewghkko ;k nqfu;sryk gjoysyk jax vkyk- vkdk'kkr fugk jax iljyk] rj ekgjku&mksaxjkoj fgjok jax iljyk- johdmwu fiogk jax rstloh fdj.kkauh iljfoyk o rks i`fohdms tkrks- yky jax jdrkr ukgrks lthokaeè;s lglgrks /eu;karwu igrks] dkgk jax jk=khr f'kjrks- o 'kkar gksåu txkyk febhr?ksrks- iqqys Eg.kkyh vkegkyk lqanj djk o vkegkyk lkekowu?;k- rj ika<jk jax yksdkap;k eukr f'kjrks- 'kkarhp;k NVk iljforks lk:;k txkeè;s- iqqys Eg.krkr dh vkegkyk vf/d lqanj djk- vkuan iljokikbkjahk iwoz l`"vhr dks.kdks.krs osxosxgs jax vk<grkr ;kfo"k;h fon;kf;k±uk ekfgrh ns.ks- vkiy;kyk igkvs lw;kszn; o lw;kzlrkr dks.kdks.krs jax fnlrkr- ;kfo"k;h ppkz dj.ks- iqqys vkiy;kyk dks.krk lans'k nsrkr- izr;sd jaxkrwu vki.k dks.krk cks/ fegforks ;kfo"k;h ppkz d:u fon;kf;k±uk R;k jaxkps egùo ivowu ns.ks- lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 23

24 ikbkjahk dfork Lojcn~/ d:u xkåu f'kdokoh-,d&,d vksg Eg.kwu nk[kfoy;koj fon;kf;k±uk rh vksg ijr pkyhr Eg.kk;yk lkaxkoh- dfork Eg.kr vlrkuk fon;kf;k±p;k mppkj.kkdms y{k n;kostlsµnqfu;sryk] fugkbz] Mksaxj] i`fohdms] Eg.kkyk] jdrkr] èkeu;karwu] xkj.;kr] vkegkyk] lk:;k- 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl ikb&kku dforsr] fugk] fiogk] yky] dkgk] ika<jk ;k jaxkpk myys[k osqyk vkgs- 2. ika<jk jax 'kkarhpk izrhd vkgs- 3. dforsr yky jax eh jdrkr ukgrks lthokaeè;s lglgrksèkeu;krwu igrks vls Eg.krks- 4. Mksaxj vu~ ekgjkukoj dof;=kh fgjok jax vk<grks- Hkk"kk&Kku vkdk'k 2. Mksaxj 3. jdr 4. 'kkarh 5. lw;zizdk'k 'k=kw 2. iwqy 3. feb;k 4. /euh 5. Mksaxj csjax 2. lkimysyk 3. fuftzo vkdk'kh 2. jdrkr 3. dkgk jk=khr 4. rst 24 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

25 pyk [ksg [ksgw;k gk iz'u fon;kf;k±uh Lor%P;k eukus fygkos- 9. fugs deg f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; /Mk okpwu?ks.ks o /Mk letkowu lkafxry;koj fon;kf;k±uk gk èkmk letyk vkgs dk ;kph imrkg.kh d:u?ks.ks- fon;kf;k±p;k eukr ;s.kkjs osxosxgs fopkj izdv dj.;kl lkax.ks- ;k /M;krwu dks.krk cksèk >kyk vkgs gs y{kkr?ks.ks- lxg;k Hkk"kspka vknj djkok ewghkko,dk vj.;kr laqnj rgs gksrs- R;k rg;kr e/kse/,d lqanj fugs deg gksrs i.k R;k degkp;k ikdg;kauk Lor%oj xoz gksrk- Lor%oj xoz vly;keqgs degkp;k,dsd ikdg;kauh vikilkr HkkaMk;yk&lqjokr osqyh R;keqGs R;k ikdg;k FkdY;k o rs iwqy dksetys rg;k&togwu,d grrh tkr gksrk R;kus rs deg ikfgys o rg;kr 'kkshkr uly;kus lksamsus mivwu isqdys vkiy;k Hkkjrkrgh osxosxg;k Hkk"kk vkgs R;k lxg;k Hkka"kkuk eku n;kok f'kdko;k Eg.kts Hkkjr gh txkr Js"B BjsyikBkjaHk iwoz Hkkjrkrhy osxosxg;k Hkk"kksfo"k;h ekfgrh fon;kf;k±uk ns.ksikbkjahk f'k{kdkauh,d mrkjk okpwu nk[kokok- fon;kf;k±uh R;kps vuqdj.k d:u izdv okpu djk;yk lkaxkos- fon;kfkhz /Mk okpr vlrkuk R;kaP;k mppkj.kkdms y{k n;kostlsµpaælw;z] ikdg;k] brd;kr- lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 25

26 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl ikb&kku rs rgs ik.;kus rqmqac Hkjysys gksrs- rg;kr ygkueksbh degs gksrh] R;k rg;kr] degs] usgeh degs iqqyr vlr R;keqGs rs rgs iqkjp lqanj fnls- 2. fugôk degkp;k,dk ikdghyk okvys dh eh vkgs Eg.kwup gs deg,o<s lqanj vkgs- 3. lxg;k ikdg;kauh vki.k lxg;kr lq anj vkgksr vkiy;keqgsp gs deg [kwi laqnj fnlrs vkiys Js"BRo nk[kfo.;klkbh R;k ikdg;k,desdka'kh HkkaMw ykxy;k- 4. ikdg;kap;k vkikilkr HkkaM.kkeqGs R;k ikdg;k FkdY;k o rs deg dksesty;k lkj[ks fnlw ykxys- 5. rgs rqmaqc ik.;kus Hkjysys gksrs rg;kr fugh degs iqqyysyh gksrh i.k e/kse/ vlysys eksbs deg dksestysys gksrs rs rg;kr 'kkshkwau fnlr ukgh vlk fopkj d:u grrhus deg lksamsus mivys o rg;kckgsj isqowqu fnys- 10. ukrkg f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; /Mk okpwu?ks.ks o /Mk letkowu lkafxry;koj fon;kf;k±uk gk èkmk letyk vkgs dk ;kph imrkg.kh d:u?ks.ks- fon;kf;k±p;k eukr ;s.kkjs osxosxgs fopkj izdv dj.;kl lkax.ks- ;k /M;krwu dks.krk cksèk >kyk vkgs gs y{kkr?ks.ks- 26 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

27 f lel vfkkzrp ukrkg l.k ;k fo"k;h fon;kf;k±p;k eukr izseg Hkkouk fuekz.k dj.ks- vkiy;k vk;q";kr l.kkaps dk; egùo vlrkr ;kfo"k;h tk.kwu?ks.ksewghkko fmlsacj efgu;kr lktjk osqyk tk.kk:;k 25 fmlsacj jksth f lel gk l.k lktjk djrkr- ;kfno'kh ^;s'kw f Lrkpk* tuefnol vlrks- izr;sd?kjkr fno;kph ltkov djrkr- yksd ^f lel Vªh* ltorkr-?kjkoj pkan.khp;k vkdkjkpk vkdk'kfnok ykorkr- ukrkgp;k vkny;k eè;jk=kh dok igkvs loz ppzeè;s [kkl izkfkzuk osqy;k tkrkr- [kkl ukrkgp;k estokuh lkbh f lel osqdf'kok; ;k l.kkph iwrzrk gkså 'kdr ukghtxkrhy vusd ns'kkr gk l.k eksb;k vkuankr o mrlkgkr lktjk osqyk tkrksikbkjahk iwoz l.kkaps vkiy;kthoukrhy egùo dks.krs gs fon;kf;k±dmwu tk.kwu?ks.ks- Hkkjrkr dks.kdks.krs l.k dks.kkdks.kkp;k ukokus lktjs osqys tkrkr ;kfo"k;h fon;kf;k±dms vl.kkjs Kku tk.kwu?ks.ks- f lel l.kkfo"k;h ekfgrh ns.ksikbkjahk f'k{kdkauh,d mrkjk okpwu nk[kokok- fon;kf;k±uh R;kps vuqdj.k d:u izdv okpu djk;yk lkaxkos- fon;kfkhz /Mk okpr vlrkuk R;kaP;k mppkj.kkdms y{k n;kostlsµfmlsacj] f lel] lsavkdykwt] kbzlv] vkuanksrlo] Vªh] ckwy] izs{k.kh;] tuekpk] eè;jk=kh] lnl;] iènrhuqlkj] mrlkgkr- lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 27

28 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl fmlsacj efgu;kr ftaxy csyl ;k xk.;kps Loj,sowQ ;srkr- 2. f lel ;k l.kkyk ^ukrkg* ejkbh Hkk"ksr Eg.krkr- 3. ;k l.kkp;k fno'kh izr;sd?kjkr fno;kph ltkov vlrs yksd ^f lel Vªh* >km?kjh vk.kwu R;koj irkdk] iqqxs] pkan.;k] ckwy ykorkr dkgh?kjkr ckgqy;k oki:u tuekpk ns[kkok djrkr-?kjkoj pkan.khp;k vkdkjkpk vkdk'kfnok ykorkr- ukrsokbzdkauk HksVrkr] HksVoLrw nsrkr- estokuh djrkr- o osqdns[khy dkirkr- 4. f lel osqdf'kok; ;k l.kkph iwrzrk gkså 'kdr ukgh- 5. nf{k.k Hkkxkr ckcwap;k dkev;kiklwu osxosxgs vkdkj r;kj djrkr- R;kr fotsps fnos ykorkr- xk;d eamgh,d=k tewu laè;kdkgh ukrkgph xk.kh xkrkr- ukrkgp;k jk=kh dok igkvs ppzeè;s izkfkzuk djrkr o,desdkauk HksVoLrw nsrkr fmlsacj ;k rkj[ksyk ;s'kw f Lr ;kapk tue >kykfygk mrlkgkr 2. vkdk'kfnok 3. fno;kaph 4. vkuanh 2. osqdpk ok<fnolkyk eyk HksVoLrw fegrkr- 2. fnokghr fno;kaph ltkov djrkr- 3. vkdk'kkr jk=kh pkan.;k fnlrkr- 4. ek>s ukrsokbzd izseg vkgsr- 5. lqdkesok osqd e/s Vkdrkr- 28 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

29 3. 1. mrlo 2. ltkov 3. ukryx 4. po 5. g"kz 6. lnu 'kkgsph?kavk oktyh vkf.k eqys oxkzr vkyh- 2. vh;kl >ky;kuarj jes'k [ksgk;yk xsyk- 3. ijh{kk >ky;koj gos rso<s [ksg- 4. ckck cktkjkr xsys o R;kauh Hkkth vk.kyh xk.ka 2. xkm;k 3. fnos 4. pkan.;k 5. ns[kkos pyk [ksg [ksgw;k gk iz'u fon;kf;k±uh Lor%P;k eukizek.ks fygk- 11. N=kirh f'kokth egkjkt f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; /Mk okpwu?ks.ks o /Mk letkowu lkafxry;koj fon;kf;k±uk gk èkmk letyk vkgs dk ;kph imrkg.kh d:u?ks.ks- f'kokth egkjktkaps thou pfj=k ;kfo"k;h ekfgrh fon;kf;k±uk ns.ksewghkko ejkbk lkezkt;kps uk;d N=kirh f'kokth egkjkt ;kap;kf'kok; Hkkjrkpk bfrgkl viw.kz jkgrks- egkjktkapk tue 19 isqcqzokjh 1927 jksth >kyk R;kP;k vkbzps uko fttkckbz] ofmykaps uko 'kgkth jkts Hkkslys gksrs- f'kokth egkjktkauh fganoh LojkT;kph LFkkiuk osqyh- o;kp;k pksnko;k o"khz jkt; LFkkiu dj.;kpa LoIu cf?krya- o;kp;k 20 O;k o"khz lokzr izfke lsuslg rksj.kkxmkoj p<kbz d#u xm dkcht osqykrs ;qn~èkkr xfuehdko;kpk okij djr- R;kauh /ez o tkrhpk HksnHkko d/hp ikgyk ukgh rs lok±'kh izsekus okxr gksrs- R;kauh izfke fo'kky Lrjkph ukslsuk r;kj osqyh- R;keqGs R;kauk Hkkjrh; ukslsusps firk lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 29

30 Eg.krkr- larjkenkl Lokeh gs R;kaps vkè;kfred xq: gksrs- rs vkiy;k iztsph dkgth?ksr 3,fizy 1980 jksth N=kirh f'kokth egkjktkaps fu/u >kys- f'kokth egkjkatkfo"k;h vknjkph Hkkouk tkx`r dj.ksikbkjahk iwoz egkjk"vªkp;k osxosxg;k egku O;Drhaph ukos fon;kf;k±dmwu ekfgrh d:u?ks.ks- f'kokth egkjkatkph ckyi.kkph dfkk lkaxwu R;kaP;k fo"k;h fon;kf;k±uk dk; ekfgrh vkgs R;kauk lkaxk;yk lkaxkosikbkjahk f'k{kdkauh,d mrkjk okpwu nk[kokok- fon;kf;k±uh R;kps vuqdj.k d:u izdv okpu djk;yk lkaxkos fon;kfkhz /Mk okpr vlrkuk R;kaP;k mppkj.kkdms y{k n;kostlsµlkezkt;] isqczqokjh] LoIu] LFkkiuk] LFkkfir] jkt;] i;±r] egk'kdrh] /kfezd] ea=;kph nwjnf'kzrs eqgs] Lrjkaph] n`"vk] tklr] eku;rk] fu/u- 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl f'kokth egkjktkapk tue 19 isqcz qokjh 1927 (rkj[ksuqlkj) jksth >kyk- 2. f'kokth egkjktkap;k vkbzps uko fttkckbz o ofmykaps uko 'kgkth jkts Hkkslys gksrs- 3. f'kokth egkjktkauh o;kp;k 20 O;k o"khz lokzr izfke lsuslg rksj.kkxmkoj p<kbz d:u xm dkcht osqyk- 30 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

31 4. fganh LojkT;kpk folrkj HkkjrkP;k mrrj if'pesrhy vvosq (gyyh ikfdlrkueè;s) i;±r folrkjys- 5. f'kokth egkjktkauh Jh lar jkenklkauk vkius vkè;kfred xq: ekuys gksrs o ofmykaps uko 'kgkth jkts Hkkslys gksrs- 2. osqyh 3. cf?krya 4. cka/ys 5.?ksr vlr fganoh 2. pks[kn`"vk 3. /ez] tkrh 4. ejkbk 5. xfueh Hkk"kk&Kku fdyys 2. jkts 3. xm 4. dk;ns 5. tkrh 2. dbh.k 'kcnkapk vh;kl rlsp fygk eqykauh Lor%gwu djkos- 12. dk;kzy; f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; dfork Lojcn/ d:u xkåu f'kdokoh- fon;kf;k±uk dforsrhy 'kcn HkkokFkZ letyk vkgs dk ;kaph imrkg.kh d:u?ks.ksfon;kf;k±p;k vkdyu'kdrhpk fodkl dj.ks- l`"vhr nsfni;eku vl.kk:;k lw;z paæ ;kp;kfo"k;h dfodyiuk lkaxwu fon;kf;k±p;k eukrhy ftkklk 'kkar dj.ksewghkko vkdk'kkp;k vkwfiqlkr nksu vkwfiqlj vkgs- fnolk lw;z dke djrks o jk=kh paæ dke djrks i.k rjhgh paækyk Lor%oj [kwip vfhkeku vkgs Eg.kwu rks osxg;kp xqehzr dke djrks- lw;z vkiy;k lgï gkrkauh lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 31

32 dke,dvkp djrks rj paækp;k enrhyk dke dj.;kl uksdj vlrkrlw;kzyk njjkst ;såu dke djkoh ykxrkr rj paæ ek=k efgu;krwu,dnk lqv~vh?ksrks- gh lqv~vh fegkoh Eg.kwu paækus lai osqyk gksrk dk dkj.k vekol;syk paæ vkdk'kkr fnlr ukghfon;kf;k±p;k eukrhy ftkklko`rrh o dyiuk'kdrhppk fodkl dj.ksikbkjahk iwoz vkdk'kkr vl.kk:;k xzg rk:;kaps o.kzu d:u lw;z o paækfo"k;h fon;kf;k±ph ers dk; vkgs gs tk.kwu?ks.ks- iksf.kzek&vekol;k ;k frfkhfo"k;h fon;kf;k±uk ekxzn'kzu dj.ks- vekol;k&iksf.kzesr dk; iqjd vkgs ;kfo"k;h fon;kf;k±uk iz'u fopkj.ks- lai Eg.kts dk; ;k fo"k;h fon;kf;k±p;k eukrhy Hkkouk tk.kwu?ks.ksikbkjahk dfork Lojcn~/ d:u xkåu f'kdokoh-,d&,d vksg Eg.kwu nk[kfoy;koj fon;kf;k±uk rh vksg ijr pkyhr Eg.kk;yk lkaxkoh- dfork Eg.kr vlrkuk fon;kf;k±p;k mppkj.kkdms y{k n;kostlsµvkwfiqlkr] paæ] lgl=k] xv~vh] efgu;krwu] Eg.kwu] lai- 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl vkwfiqlj lw;z o paækyk mn~ns'kwu EgVys vkgs- 2. lw;kzps o R;kP;k fdj.kkaps izfrfu/hro djrks- 3. dfop;k eukr gh 'kadk vkgs dh vekol;syk vkwfiql vlkoa,dne can Eg.kwu paækus lai osqyk vlkok dk\ 32 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

33 4. ^uksdj* ;k 'kcnkpk vfkz paæk cjkscj vkdk'kkr pkan.;k vlrkr R;kaukp uksdjkph miek fnyh vkgs i{kh vkdk'kkr map Hkjkjh ekjrkr- 2. jes'kps ckck vkwfiqlkr njjkst tkrkr- 3. lw;z vkiy;kyk izdk'k nsrksfygk 1. lgl=k djkus viqy;k lw;z djrks,dvkp dke fnerhyk ek=k paækp;k vkgsr uksdj reke 2. iksf.kzek o vekol;sp pø nj ia/jk fnolkauh pkywp vlra T;kizek.ks iksf.kzesyk paæ iw.kz :ikus rstloh gksåu vkdk'kkph 'kkshkk ok<orks o efgu;krwu,d fnol vekol;syk rks vkdk'kkrwu lqv~vh?ksrks o vkjke djrks lw;z 2. eaxg 3. xq: 4. paæ 5. 'kqø 6. 'kfu fnu 2. joh 3. jtuh 4. 'k'kh 5. lsod pyk [ksg [ksgw ;k gk iz'u fon;kf;k±uh vkiy;k eukus Lor% djkok- 13. vkt lw;z dks.khdms f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; /Mk okpwu?ks.ks o /Mk letkowu lkafxry;koj fon;kf;k±uk gk èkmk letyk vkgs dk ;kph imrkg.kh d:u?ks.ks fon;kf;k±p;k eukr lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 33

34 ;s.kkjs osxosxgs fopkj izdv dj.;kl lkax.ks- ;k /M;krwu dks.krk cks/ >kyk vkgs gs y{kkr?ks.ks- 'kjhjkrhy ikp Kkusafæ; dks.krh R;kps vkiy;k 'kjhjkrhy egùo fon;kf;k±uk ivowu ns.ksewghkko lehj ukokp;k eqykyk xksm olrw [kk;yk vkomr vls- i.k vkbzus 'kjhjkp;k vo;okps egùo lkafxry;koj ek=k R;kyk rs vkomr uls i.k,dnk rks ftu;ko#u imyk R;kP;k ik;kyk IyWLVj ykxys-,dnk rks >ksiy;koj R;kyk LoIu imys o R;krp R;kyk dgys] dh vkiy;k 'kjhjkrys lxgs vo;o egrrokps vlrkr R;keqGs vki.k vo;okph dkgth&?;k;yk goh gs ikbkr n'kzfoys vkgsikbkjahk iwoz rqegkyk dks.krk vo;o vkomrks- ;kfo"k;h fon;kf;k±uk iz'u fopkj.ksikbkjahk f'k{kdkauh,d mrkjk okpwu nk[kokok- fon;kf;k±uh R;kps vuqdj.k d:u izdv okpu djk;yk lkaxkos- fon;kfkhz /Mk okpr vlrkuk R;kaP;k mppkj.kkdms y{k n;kostlsµ[kk.;ku] IyWLVjeè;s] Hkfo";keè;s- 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl lehjyk lkj[ks xksm inkfkz [kk;yk vkomy vls- 34 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

35 2. vkbzus >ksiwu okpw udksl vls lehjyk lkafxrys- 3. lehj ftu;ko#u imyk R;keqGs R;kyk ik;kyk IyWLVj Bsokos ykxys- 4. lehj ldkgh mbyk R;kus vkbzdms nkr?kklk;yk ikomj ekfxrys rsogk vkbz Eg.kkyh dh vkt lw;z dks.khdms mxoyk; xksm 2. nkr 3. vh;klkpa 4. fopkj 14. vksg[kk ikgw f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; dfork Lojcn~èk d:u xkåu f'kdokoh-,d&,d vksg Eg.kwu nk[kfoy;koj fon;kf;k±uk rh vksg ijr pkyhr Eg.kk;yk lkaxkoh- fon;kf;k±p;k eukr ftkklk o`rrh tk.kwu?ks.ks- dksmh lksmo.;kps dks'ky; fon;kf;k±eè;s fodflr dj.ksewghkko rq#&rq# pky.kkjh] djdpwu pko.kkjh_ vkgl u dj.kkjh] vkjke u dj.kkjh o xksm [kkå [kkrkr vls eqaxh dks.k lxg;kauk pkorkr o jdrgh 'kks"kwu?ksrkr dkuktog xqa xqa djrkr lxg;kauk =kkl nsrkr vls dks.k&mkl&fe'kk vlrkr ykacp ykac] R;kauk ikgwu fdgl ;srs] ia[k vlwugh mmr ukghr] jdr 'kks"kr ukghr] dkxn] dims [kkrkr vls dks.k&>qjg- ;klkj[kh osxosxgs dksms fopk:u fon;kf;k±ph ftkklw o`rrh tkx`r dj.ks- lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 35

36 ikbkjahk iwoz fon;kf;k±uk osxosxg;k dksmh fopkjko;kr o R;kph mrrjs R;kauk fopkjkoh- fon;kf;k±uk ekfgrh vlysy;k dksmh leksj ;såu,osqdkyk fopkjkoh o fon;kf;k±uk R;kaph mrrjs ns.;kl lkaxkohikbkjahk dfork Lojcn~èk d:u xkåu f'kdokoh-,d&,d vksg Eg.kwu nk[kfoy;koj fon;kf;k±uk rh vksg ijr pkyhr Eg.kk;yk lkaxkohtlsµ[kkå] BkÅd] jdrgh] lok±uk] =kkl] fcdr] 'kks"kr] Eg.kwup- 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl ikb&kku vkgl eqax;kuk BkÅd ukgh vls doh Eg.krks- 2. Mkl vkiy;k dkuktog xqa xqa djhr =kkl nsrkr- 3. >qjg gk dforsrhy ia[k vlwugh mmrk u ;s.kkjk dhvd vkgs- Hkk"kk&Kku fe'kh 2. dkxn 3. dimk 4. ia[k 2. 1.?ksÅu 2. tkåu 3. nsåu 4. BsÅu 5. ykowu 6. tsowu fygk gk iz'u fon;kf;k±uh Lor%gwu djkos- 36 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

37 15. ok<fnolkph HksV f'k{k.k&mn~ns'; /Mk okpwu?ks.ks o /Mk letkowu lkafxry;koj fon;kf;k±uk gk èkmk letyk vkgs dk ;kph imrkg.kh d:u?ks.ks- fon;kf;k±p;k eukr ;s.kkjs osxosxgs fopkj izdv dj.;kl lkax.ks- ;k /M;krwu dks.krk cks/ >kyk vkgs gs y{kkr?ks.ks- ok<fnolkyk dks.krh HksV ns.ks ;ksx; vkgs ;kfo"k;h fon;kf;k±p;k eukr osxosxgs fopkj fuekz.k dj.ksewghkko jkts'k xjhc eqyxk gksrk R;kph vkbz ckxsr ekg.khps dke djh o rks ns[khy dèkh ckxsr tkbz o vkbzcjkscj dke djh- jkts'kpk fe=k lqns'k gksrk jkts'kus R;kyk ok<fnolkyk&iqqykaps jksi HksV Eg.kwu fnysjkts'kus fnysyh HksV lqns'kp;k vkbz ofmykauk o lxg;kp ukrsokbzdkauk vkxgh osxgh HksV vkomyh- dkj.k jkst iqqy.kkjh iqqys usgeh vkuan nsrhy- lqns'kus gh v'kh jksia] yko.;kpk fu.kz;?ksryk- rh ok<ohu o brjkauk nsbzufon;kf;k±p;k eukr >kmkfo"k;h i;kzoj.kkfo"k;ha izse fuekz.k dj.ksikbkjahk iwoz ok<fnolkyk rqegh dks.kdks.kr;k HksVoLrw nsrkr ;kfo"k;h fon;kf;k±fdmwu ekfgrh d:u?ks.ks- egkxmh olrw ns.;kis{kk mi;ksxh HksVoLrw n;koh ;kfo"k;h fon;kf;k±p;k eukr gh xks"v fcaco.ks- i;kzoj.kk'kh es=kh BsÅu,osQd >km HksV Eg.kwu n;kos gh f'kdo.k fon;kf;k±p;k eukr #tokoh >kms ykok- >kms txok ;k cks/ okd;kpk vfkz letko.ks- lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 37

38 ikbkjahk f'k{kdkauh,d mrkjk okpwu nk[kokok- fon;kf;k±uh R;kps vuqdj.k d:u izdv okpu djk;yk lkaxkos- fon;kfkhz /Mk okpr vlrkuk R;kaP;k mppkj.kkdms y{k n;kostlsµloz] iw.kz] MCcs] rqö;k] 'kqhkspnk] HksVoLrw] uddhp] lqokfld] jksiv;kyk] vkegh],sowqu] [kwi- ikb&kku 'kcnkfkz iwohzizek.ks vh;kl dj.ksvh;kl jkts'kph vkbz ckxsr ekfg.khps dke djr vls- >kmkauk ik.kh?kky.ks] R;kaph fuxk jk[k.ks] uohu iqqqy>kms yko.ks v'kk izdkjph loz dkes izkekf.kdi.ks djr vls- 2. lqns'kp;k ok<fnolkyk lqns'kps eeeh] iiik] ekek] ekeh] dkdk] dkdh] eko'kh rlsp fouksn] jkosq'k] fj;k o vusd fe=k teys gksrs- 3. jkts'kus,d ygkuls jksivs lqns'kyk HksV fnys- 4. lqns'kyk HksVoLrw vkomyh dkj.k rh jkst iqqy.kkjh iqqys gksrh o iqqys usgeh lxg;kauk vkuan nsrkr- 5. 'ksovh lqns'kus Bjoys dh eh gh v'khp jksia ykohu rh ok<ohu o brjkauk nsbzu ftoyx 2. r;kjh 3. dyiuk 4. vkxgh osxgh 5. lqokfld] jaxhr 38 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)

39 Hkk"kk&Kku eh xqykckps jksivs ykoys- 2.?kjkleksj lqanj ckx vkgs- 3. ek>k ok<fnol lkseokjh vkgs- 4. jke izkekf.kd eqyxk vkgs- 5. eyk vkbzus vkxgh osxgh HksV fnyh- lkaxk o pyk [ksg&[ksgw ;k gk iz'u fon;kf;k±uh Lor% fygkos- lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5) 39

40 NOTES 40 lirjax % f'k{kd nf'kzdk (Hkkx&5)