CMI2006. Research for Development and Justice. annual report

Transkript

1 Rsach fo Dvlopm ad Jusc aual po

2 Dco s oduco Rsach fo Dvlopm ad Jusc 2006 was a vful ya a h Isu W compld a w sagy pla fo CMI has s a ambous agda: Rsach fo Dvlopm ad Jusc To sgh ad shap ou focus, w hav sucud ou sach ogasao ad sablshd fou hmac sach goups: () Pac, Coflc ad h Sa, () Rghs, Dmocacy ad Dvlopm, () Publc Sco Rfom, ad (v) Povy Rduco Rsach Goup Co Dco s Ioduco 3 Pac, Coflc ad h Sa Buldg Pac Though Commuy Dvlopm 4 Pacbuldg Suda 6 I Sach of Scuy 7 Th Flgh of Chsas fom Pals 8 Damg of Pals 10 Pac, Coflc ad h Sa 11 Rghs, Dmocacy ad Dvlopm Wha Happd o Dmocacy Afca? 12 Cous ca Gv a Voc o h Poo 15 Accommodag Dffc Bosa Hzgova 16 Busss Ehcs Dvlopg Cous 16 Rghs, Dmocacy ad Dvlopm 17 Povy Rduco Rsach Goup: Socal Rlaos of Povy Mozambqu 18 Th Lbao of Bodd Labou Npal 21 Povy Rduco Rsach Goup 21 Publc Sco Rfom Shoag of Halh Woks Tazaa 22 Publc Sco Rfom 25 B Svcs bu mo Buaucacy 26 Wh Doo Paccs Couac Each Oh 27 Effcs of h Tax Sysm o Ivsm ad Gowh Afca 27 U4: Hlpg Doo Pacos Addss Coupo Effcvly 28 Asa Ad: Wha Lsso fo Ws Cous? 30 Cha ad Afca 31 CMI o Agola 32 Cvl Socy o h Mov 33 CMI ad h Mda 34 CMISuds 35 Rsach Pas 36 Saff 37 Commssod Rsach ad Cosulacs 38 Togh wh Chsa Mchls Rsach (CMR), w sold ou jo pmss a Faof If hgs go accodg o pla, CMI wll mov o a w buldg (owd by h Uvsy of Bg) owads h d of 2008 CMI was valuad by a am appod by h Rsach Coucl of Noway, ad ld by Pofsso Gøa Hydé of h Uvsy of Floda W a poud of s coclusos: «CMI pfoms a a vy hgh aoal lvl» Fou of sv sach pogamms a ad «xcll», ms of scfc qualy, commucao, capacy-buldg, ad ouach h Souh Th am fds ou vay of publcaos mpssv, ad ws ha CMI saff hav mad a mpac o fllow acadmcs who c h sach, o pas (Noh ad Souh) who pas h wok ad wha hy hav la fom, ad o uss who gally xpss ga appcao of h qualy ad lvac of h svcs ha h Isu povds Usg socc as a aalogy, h valuao am cocluds ha CMI plays h Euopa Champos Lagu Th valuao am also suggss a umb of aas wh w ca mpov ou pfomac Ths clud lkg sach o polcy sll mo ffcv ways; hacg h sagc aspc of som of ou sach pogamms; sug h balac bw dscplay ad dscplay ou sach; ad fuh mpov h dssmao of sach fdgs Accodg o h am, w should also sgh sach woks ad coopao ou ow pa of h wold I h yas o com, w xpc o s a cla dcao of CMI s aoal as a sach suo a global cox Dvlopm suds wll casgly addss ssus whch a mpoa fa byod adoal ad ad ad dbas Th sach ad cosulacy maks a lkly o xpad CMI s wok wll ak plac a vom chaacsd by cad compo ad scac sach fuds I a suao wh much of wha w do s classfd as «commssod suds,» CMI mus always b «sach-ld» Th Isu mus hav lv llcual agdas, pusud ad wd hough sach of suffc qualy ad scal I mus vgoa oh acvs, cludg commssod suds ad advsoy wok, suoal collaboao, dssmao ad sud supvso W mus sk ou sach aas wh w may hav compaav advaag ad xplo complmas wh ou pas dff pas of h wold I od o succd ad fuh sgh ou poso as a polcy-od socal scc sach su, w mus a ou dy as a sach ogasao cocd wh h plghs of mllos of poo popl who of lv coflc-dd cous, ad w mujs b ssv o Souh pspcvs Gally, CMI s wll placd ad ppad o m h fuu W a couagd by h valuao po Dsp may chags ad challgs, w hav maagd o kp a ss of commuy ad a culu of muual spc ad coc o mak w sds ad xpad h Isu fuh Ou saff wll always b ou mos mpoa ass Dsp may chags ad challgs, w hav maagd o kp a ss of commuy ad a culu of muual spc ad coc I am gaful fo all h ffos xd by collagus who mak CMI o jus a smulag vom fo sach bu a joyabl plac o b as wll Gua M Søbø Dco Pag 2 Pag 3

3 Pac, Coflc ad h Sa Buldg Pac Though Commuy Dvlopm Masam pacbuldg appoachs d o assum ha a coflc slm mus b plac bfo dvlopm pojcs ca sa I u h Dmocac Rpublc of Cogo hy hav show ha dvlopm ca b a ffcv pacbuldg ool v h mds of volc Pag 4 Pag 5

4 Pac, Coflc Huma Rghs ad h ad Dmocasao Sa Huma Rghs ad Dmocasao I wa-o aas, humaaa ad ah ha dvlopm asssac, cous o b h om also af volc has cdd Iu, a dsc h oh-as of h DRC, had b mbold wa sc 1999 May pacmakg ffos hav fald I 2002, UNDP dcdd o lauch a commuy dvlopm av hs dsc sp of h ogog volc Th Nowga govm cobud mos of h fudg Mo ha 80 smallscal local pojcs cvd suppo: poduco of bcks, ggs, hoy, ad maocs; a blood bak, hadssg, mco cd; buldg of bdgs, wa woks, a sadum, cous, halh cs ad pmay schools Th ovall goals w coclao, cosuco, local capacy buldg ad HIV/AIDS awass asg Th CMI valuao cocluds ha h pojcs ffcvly ducd h volc mos of all bcaus of h local pojc aos, who cad ou h wok wh ga ca ad husasm Th ddcao of h UN am Iu was pvoal Th followg ky as w mpoa fo h succss of h Iu av: Th cluso of popl fom dff sds of h coflc ach pojc Th paccal oao of ach pojc, ablg pacpas o mak a lvg ad o wok ogh ad hby cocl Th ad agcy s us h local acos whch spd local owshp Tgh follow-up ad gudac by h ad agcy o h goud Bu h co of h succss lay h mhod of buldg pac hough locally ood ad ad pocsss of dvlopm I coflcs wh volc s closly lad o povy, commuy dvlopm s lkly o b a pacbuldg ool Th Iu xpc shows ha h mhod ca wok, ad shds lgh o codos ud whch s lkly o b mos ffcv gdsams@cmo Pacbuldg Suda A comphsv pac agm (CPA) was sgd by h Suda Govm ad h Sudas Popl s Lbao Movm (SPLM) 9 Jauay 2005 Sc h, pacbuldg ffos hav b mad by h gowg polcal ad humaaa css Dafu as wll as by a slow mplmao of h CPA A h mom, h s ga fusao Suda ad amog h doos who pldgd 46 bllo USD o pomo pac ad dvlopm Afca s lags couy Impoa pmss fo h jo Sudas-Nowga sach pogamm s ha (a) h a a umb of coflcs o dff lvls h Suda, ad (b) ha hy a dv by a complx s of lad bu chagg facos To a lag x, h Sudas coflcs ca b s as a sul of agaa o ual css Th was ad coflcs ha hav avagd h couy, hav almos xclusvly ak plac pasoal ad ago-pasoal aas Accss o lad ad soucs a mpoa Howv, h coxs ha hav affcd popl s lf suaos a o h sam vywh Rsach s bg cad ou dff pas of h Suda A mpoa pupos s o mak a compos pcu of dvlopms h couy ad h mplcaos fo pacbuldg W look a goal polcs, o cal-goal laos ad o how h Sudas sa has bcom a play h dff coflcs I a vom wh pac mplmao s dffcul, w kow fom oh cous ha h ol of h aoal commuy s paculaly mpoa I Suda, w hav s casg dvsos amog xal acos boh ov Dafu ad o how o dal wh h Khaoum gm Th has b a casg aglm of h Dafu ad Chad coflcs Th aoal commuy has b poccupd wh css maagm Ths mas ha sval ky causs bhd h Sudas coflcs a o bg suffcly addssd Pac dvdds a y o b xpcd by lag Sudas populaos guasobo@cmo I Sach of Scuy Th ssu of «scuy» has gad acu lvac fo polcymaks ad scholas Th ways whch h polcs of scuy las o lgo, has y o b gv h ao dsvs I Idosa, c o aacks combd wh wdspad cocs ha «cm» s ampa ad ou of cool has mad scuy a pmay coc vyday lf I spos o h pcvd falu of h govm o povd scuy ad socal od, a plhoa of cvla paol ad scuy goups hav mgd may pas of h couy Rlgous goups a also movg o h ubul a of scuy povso, clamg o off spually sacod foms of poco o dvduals ad commus Th fah-basd paol ad cm-fghg goups ha hav mgd amog Muslms ad Hdus o h slad of Lombok h pos-98 «fomao» pod a h focus of h w CMI-pojc «I : Rlgous Moblsao ad Vol Jusc Idosa» Cocvd as a compaav vsgao of h scuy goups, h pojc xplos h sucual codos (local, aoal, global) whch hav ld lgous movms o assum classcal aspcs of sacaf, hby challgg h sa s moopoly o h dploym of lgma volc Ths goups w fomd by lgous o «adoal» lads, ad ual ad lgous oblgaos fom gal pas of h ou modus opad Oly by uavllg h lgous dmsos of hs goups s possbl o udsad h lgmacy hy joy, spcally amog lavly mpovshd Bals Hdus ad Sasak Muslms o h dsly populad slad of Lombok Suppo fo hs movms has also b uud by wdspad cycsm gadg h polc ad h coup judcal sysm pu plac ud h Nw Od gm ( ) I 1998, Idosa mbakd o a vxd pocss of dmocasao ad dcalsao Th goal auoomy polcy gw fom a sog apahy owads h au of h cals mlay-domad Nw Od sa Dcalsao has also b a coso h olbal foms pomod by IMF ad h Wold Bak, ogasaos whch hav b volvd h sucug of Idosa Dcalsao foms hav gv ga polcal ad coomc auoomy a h povcal ad sub-dsc lvls Ths foms hav also casd valy bw vaous goups skg polcal fluc ad cool ov coomc soucs a h local lvl Whl cds of sa sposod volc hav dcld, h has b a upsug volc ad coco cad ou by vgla, cmal ad paamlay goups ha opa lagly dpd of sa cool O Lombok, cvla cm-fghg goups whch a ld by lgous lads, ypcally ps hmslvs as acg o bhalf of, o lu of, lapsd sa suos Volc s hus jusfd as a ac of cssay cfcao ah ha opposo o h sa, a suao wh h sa fals o povd basc cvl ghs such as physcal poco, jusc ad mploym Ths could off a opg o sa offcals o addss lgma gvacs whls smulaously focg h ul of law So fa, howv, local auhos hav sad coud hs vol goups u fo polcal suppo kall@cmo Pag 6 Pag 7

5 Pac, Coflc ad h Sa Th Chsas of h Ws Bak cosu o of h olds Chsa commus h wold Th psc h go das back o aly Chsay Thy hav b a soucful moy wh a lagly Muslm socy, playg a sumal ol shapg Palsa culu ad aoal polcs Today, h polcal fluc sll fa xcds h umbs A Paalyzg Occupao: Th Flgh of Chsas fom Pals Chsa Palsas also hav a log hsoy of mgao fom h aa Sc h mgc of h Aab- Isal coflc ad Isal s occupao of h Ws Bak ad Gaza, hs mgao has acclad Du o a combao of low bh-as ad hgh as of mgao compad o h Muslm ghbous, h Chsa psc h aa has shuk fom 15 % of h populao aoud 1900 o a alamg 1,5 %, o popl Gaza ad h Ws Bak, Eas Jusalm cludd Sc 2000, h aual a of mgao has pld Bw 800 ad 900 Chsa Palsas lav ach ya Ths pss a sous ha o h dgous Chsa psc h aa Dug 2006, a sach pojc was sad, amd a udsadg h dvg focs bhd hs mgao, ad s mpac o h local commuy A wdly hld oo s ha Chsas a suppssd ad dscmad wh h Palsa os, ad ha Muslm hosly s o of h ma dvg focs bhd h mgao CMI sach gvs ll suppo o such oos Isad, mgao amog Chsa ad Muslm Palsas alk mus b s lao o h Isal occupao ad s mpac o h Palsa socy Th Cas of Bhlhm Th solao of Bhlhm fom Jusalm, h mass-cofscao of lad, h cosuco of h wall aoud Bhlhm, ad h w Isal bod polcs a all damac fgms o Palsa ghs Pu ogh, hs masus ca a local aly whch popl a dpvd of h basc socal fdom, ad wh chacs of buldg a f, saf ad pospous lf hav b suspdd fo all sgms of socy Ud hs ccumsacs, a gowg umb of popl y o lav h couy o ca a saf fuu fo h chld lswh Sc h sa of h Scod Ifada, h Palsa os hav b subjc o a sc gm of mlay cool, cludg sv masus of collcv pushm ad agd assassaos of Palsa mlas Bhlhm, h ma c of Palsa Chsay, has also facd a sucual occupao ha has cppld h local coomy, ad lf h Bhlhm commuy a sa of dpsso Chsa Palsas ps a ubasd mddl class moy ad a b ppad ad mo cld o mga ha h Muslm ghbous Wh hy lav Pals, hy d o go whv hy hav famly woks Today, h mos commo dsaos a USA, Caada ad Noh Euop Du o h small umbs ad low bh as a hom, h ogog mgao wll hav damac cosqucs fo h Chsas Pals, ad may m ha h vy xsc as a lvg commuy h Ws Bak Th ovdg poblms plagug h aa a h Aab-Isal coflc, Isal s mlay occupao, ad h coomc css h Palsa os Ul hs poblms a dal wh, h flgh of Chsa Palsas s lkly o cou wh uabad sgh badkav@cmo Pag 8 Pag

6 Pac, Coflc ad h Sa Lbao has b a luca hos o h Palsa fugs sc 1948 Lbas polcs vs-à-vs h Palsa fugs hav pvd h pma gao ad slm h couy Pac, Coflc ad h Sa Damg of Pals Th quso of h Palsa fugs ghs, volv boh h lgal saus as fugs ad as czs h hos couy I lbal dmocacs, cvc ghs a lkd o pma sdcy I Aab cous, aoaly s h ky o oba cvc ghs I hs cous, h gh o czshp svs as a pmay gh fom whch oh cvl ghs ad lms a dvd Dd czshp as wll as cvc ghs, h fugs a caugh a lgal «poco gap» Bcaus of hs, h mo ha 300,000 fugs a Lbao s poos ad mos dsfachsd commuy Palsa fugs d o lv coflc-dd voms, of a h mags of h hos socy Ths fs of all appls o h camp-basd fugs who a lagushg dlapdad ad ovcowdd camps I h fug camps, «Wh I lf Pals, I los myslf I would lav oday whou ay of my bloggs f I was allowd o u o my vllag» povy s h om Nowh s h fsg fug poblm mo vd ha Ay al-hlwa, h sodd capal of h Palsa daspoa Th mo ha fugs almos wc h offcal sdcy fgus a cofd wh 125 sq km Th mos coflc-dd camp h couy, h a fqu skmshs bw polcal facos Isd h camp, sds suggl o com o ms wh h loss of h homlad ad du h daly hadshps of a lf xl H, ousd Sdo, hy hav wad, cusd ad hopd fo a u o h homs Pals Uabl o u ad magalsd by h hos socy hy a caugh a lgal lmbo O of h lds sds h camp s Abou Sada [psudoym] A lgd h camp, h s kow as «h ma wh h kys» O of h fw mag ocogaas lf h camp, hs fa s h pom of h Palsa auma of dsplacm ad xl Lbao Fo hm ad h caus h mbods, m s ug ou Abou Sada has cvd may vsos hs y hous, bu h has o y s hs homlad o s h a hom Lbao Old ad fal, h ad hs gao a lf wh mpy pomss of a dgfd lf ad u o h homlad «How dos fl o b xld fo so log,» I ask hsaly, cogsg h mpss of a quso posd bfo by coulss vsos «May popl com askg m h sam quso,» Abou Sada complas, «phaps 100 popl all» Af lg h mplcao sk, h cous: «Wh w lf ou hous w ook ohg wh us, hkg w would u a o wk s m» H I always fl homsck H I dam of Pals I would gv up vyhg o u o Pals Wh I lf Pals, I los myslf I would lav oday whou ay of my bloggs f I was allowd o u o my vllag» Td fom spakg, h lghs y aoh cga ad pulls ou h havy o kys o hs famly hom Gall, ad h fadd-yllow lad-dds h has kp sc dpag 1948 H was wy-wo h Th lag o kys w usd o lock h doos wh hy lf Fally, h fchs a plasc bol dsplayd h cupboad Th bol coas sad ad sol fom hs aal vllag bough o hm as a gf by wo fogs Th scachd soda bol s half-flld wh h gay ah Wh h was psd wh h bol, so h soy gos, Abou Sada opd ad a sval mouhfuls akuds@cmo Edg vol coflc ad buldg lasg pac a amog h mos mpoa polcy ssus oday Th ma goal of hs muldscplay sach goup s o cobu o h hoy ad pacc of hs complx sach fld, wh a mphass o pos-wa pacbuldg Th goup wll xam ky hos ad paadgms of wa-o-pac asos wh a spcfc focus o h ol of h sa Rsach pojcs fall ud h ma pllas: - Pos-coflc Volc - Polcs of Fah - Pacbuldg Slcd Pojcs Th Modao of Islams Movms Rlgous Dalogu ad Pac- Buldg Suda Rlgous Cvl Socy Afghasa I Sach of Scuy: Rlgous Moblsao ad Vol Jusc Idosa Evaluao of a UNDP Pacbuldg ad Dvlopm Pojc h DRC Polcs of Fah NGOs Pac Pocsss - Lssos fom Paccs ad Suds Icvs fo Pacful Bhavou Islamc Cllsm: Hzbollah's Paoag of Palsa Rfugs, Lbao Cosoldao of Pos-cvl Wa Pac: Th Impac of Ecoomc ad Judcal Icvs Pacbudlg Suda: Mcomaco Issus Chsa Palsas h Ws Bak: Idy, Mgao ad Tas- Naoal Nwoks Pos-coflc Volc Pag 10 Pag 11

7 Rghs, Dvlopm ad Dmocacy Wha Happd o Dmocacy Afca? Polcal Isuos Afca : Esug ha lcd polcal lads «play by h uls,» s a ky challg fo w dmocacs sub-sahaa Afca Acoss h co, xcuv domac s sll commo Dmocac suos ha hav b pu plac o mak govms mo accouabl hav of mad wak Pag 12 Pag 13

8 Rghs, Dvlopm ad Dmocacy Th POLINAF sach pogamm has focusd o h complx pocsss of dmocac cosoldao Afca Focus s o lcos as coss ov polcal succsso, ad o how hy «s» h sgh ad lgmacy of polcal suos Co sach acvs hav b qualav aalyss of h ol of h cous, palams, polcal pas ad lcoal admsao lcoal pocsss Zamba ( ), Malaw ( ) ad Ugada ( ) Elco Oucom Dcdd Bfo h Pollg Now, dc vo ggg o Elco Day s lss commo may of Afca s w dmocacs Amps a flucg h lcoal oucom, occu a ach sag of h lco cycl Iaoal oms cogs lcos as log m pocsss wh a umb of sps, agg fom h p-lco sags wh h uls a s, h gsao, va lcos o pos-lco coflc slms Ou aalyss of h lcoal pocsss hav sudd lcos as ogog pocsss bgg mmdaly af h pollg of h pvous lco Th cous mpac o h lco pocss s ambguous I w ad asoal dmocacs chaacsd by wak suoal capacy, s dffcul o dsgush bw shocomgs lad o capacy ad oal falus I od o coxuals lcos, ad o abl a dsco bw capacy ad, ou sach has mphassd h d o compa h qualy of lcoal admsao ov m I Zamba, coud ucay of lcoal uls ad admsao, cobud o maa h sam pay pow hough h coscuv lcos, dsp a alamg coomc cod I Malaw, oly lmd suoal lag hav ak plac ms of lcoal admsao Poblms dfd ad cogsd by h auhos dug h wo fs lcos, such as poo vo gsao ad cumb pay domac sa mda ouls, pssd h hd lco I Ugada s 2006 lcos - h fs mulpay lcos Ugada sc poblms ad gulas dug vaous sags of h lco cycl, ld h playg fld ad compomsd h gy of h lcos Lack of suoal lag ca pa b xplad by lack of polcal wll by cumb govms o mpov lcoal govac Aoh aso s h fac ha sgfca aspcs of h lcoal pocss lk vo gsao, vo ducao ad vo admsao, a «ousoucd» o h aoal doo commuy, spcalsd fms ad asaoal NGOs Aalyss of h laoshp bw h lcoal commssos Malaw, Zamba ad Ugada ad h aoal doo commuy, suggs ha owshp, auoomy ad lag a affcd by h havy ad a ms pooly hough-hough aoal asssac Th Poblm of Polcal Succsso Th hd m dbas hav mphassd h cosas h aoal assmbls fac chckg xcuv domac ad sg h lgal famwok of h lcoal pocss Excuv amps o chag h cosuo o allow a hd psdal m, w fdd off Zamba ad MalawThs was maly bcaus of poo polcal cafsmashp (Malaw) ad sog cvl socy opposo (Zamba) ad o bcaus of h suoal sgh of h lgslav am I Ugada, h cosuoal amdm was passd bcaus of h ovwhlmg palamay sgh of h cumb Naoal Rssac Movm Elco Bals Fough Cous Ou sach has pod o a casgly sog ol of cous solvg lcoal dspus, boh bfo, dug ad af lcos Ia-pay dspus ad lco bals w fough ad hough h cous addo o bals ov loyaly ad gy of h cous hmslvs Th judcay has assumd a accouably fuco by sacog lcoal uls ad acos ha u cou o h cosuo s dmocac pcpls Th cous fuco as safy-valvs a vaous sags of h lcoal pocss by dffusg so ad by povdg a aa wh cosg pas ca fgh h bals hough lawys I Malaw ad Ugada, h cous hav ak o a w ol as a ab a-pay dspus Polcal pas a of uabl o dal wh al dspus bcaus of ucla o coflcg uls, poo mchasms o ados fo coflc soluo, o lmd pay loyaly Ial pay dspus a hfo fd o h cous fo slm Ths «judcalsao» of lcos has b paculaly sgfca Malaw ad Ugada Th cous mpac o h lco pocss s ambguous Opposo pas hav a asoabl chac of wg cou Judcal dcsos hav cobud o h gy of h lcos, bu h cous Zamba, Malaw ad Ugada hav o b abl o scu a lvl playg fld Th judcal pocss s also op o msus by h pas ad by h govm Dff acos hav usd h cous o cas h polcal lvag ad o dscd ad dsabl h oppos lco campags W also s bals ov h cous ad h loyaly of h judgs as xcuvs amp o cool «cov» judgs Exampls ag fom mpachm of judgs Malaw, ad coupo scadals Zamba, o dsplay of mlay foc ad polcal us of mlay cous Ugada Pashp, Impac ad Ifluc Rsach fudg fom h Nowga mbasss Zamba, Malaw ad Ugada has qud ad allowd a cosa dalogu wh vaous sakholds h lco pocss, such as palamaas, lco admsaos, judgs, NGO psavs ad pay offcals Rpad mgs ad smas dug vaous sags of h lcoal cycl hav sud publc dba ad dalogu o ky aspcs of h lcoal pocss Th sach has b cad ou collaboao wh pa suos Zamba, Malaw ad Ugada basd o a «wg modl» wh o so sach fom h oh ad h souh collaboa lsak@cmo Cous Ca Gv a Voc o h Poo Th book Cous ad Socal Tasfomao Nw Dmocacs, publshd by Ashga, coms ou of h «Cous Taso» sagc su pogamm I xams h codos ud whch cous povd a chal wh h voc of xcludd scos of socy ca b had ad o wha x hs cobus o socal chag Th book pss a walh of mpcal maal, wh cas suds fom La Amca, Afca, Ida ad Eas Euop of lgao ampg o advac socal ghs of poo ad vulabl popl A shad hocal famwok faclas sysmac compaso ad maks possbl o dsc wha dsgushs h cass wh socal ghs lgao succds Th las ff yas hav s a u owads polcally focd socal ghs, spcally w ad fagl dmocacs Y, dffcs h fomal saus of h ghs, do o xpla why cous Ida, Hugay, Colomba ad Souh Afca a mo op owads socal ghs lgao ha collagus oh pos-auhoaa ad fagl dmocacs Wha sms o b mo mpoa s h hshold fo accpg cass Wh buaucac pocdus a smplfd ad h cous asss o vsga cass hmslvs, lk Ida ad Colomba, magalsd popl hav a b chac of bgg h cass bfo h cou Smlaly, wh l uls of sadg allow lgal ad ogasaos o bg s cass bfo h cou, sgfca socal ghs judgms a mo lkly Th sms o b a gowg omav accpac of h juscably of socal ad coomc ghs, ad a cogo of h ms of pomog po-poo sa aco hough h cous Polcal bals a fough couooms famd h laguag of ghs ad cosuoal lms Czs a mo awa of h ghs ad acvly dmad h ghs Y, h s a sgfca dffc bw succssful socal ghs lgao ad socal asfomao Ev wh popoo dcsos, h a lms o how hs aslas o socal asfomao Cous alo cao poduc socal chag Th lgslau ad h xcuv mus coopa f h dcsos a o b spcd ad mplmd sglopp@cmo Pag 14 Pag 15

9 Rghs, Dvlopm ad Dmocacy Accommodag Dffc Bosa Hzgova How ca huma ghs cobu o solv coflcs hghly dvdd socs? Ca aoally codfd pocdus fo h poco of mos hlp o maa a jus, pacful ad lawful od? Bosa shows us ha a ghs-basd sagy qus sog cal sa suos guaag mpaal, ubasd ad vhadd sa am of s ow subjcs ad czs, cocluds a CMI sach pogamm Bosa-Hzgova was cad fom h us of Yugoslava, bu was fa fom a mmacula cocpo Cvl wa spld up h oy fuh Th complx sysm of govac whch was sablshd was gadd by ccs as cofmg ad chg h spols of wa Huma ghs playd scod fddl o h ovdg ad ug coc of achg a pac slm accpabl o h bllg pas Th w huma ghs povsos bul o h pac slm Isuos w pu plac o guaa h saf u of fugs ad dsplacd psos Bu a clma of dsus ad fa, us w mag h fs yas Gadually, cofdc soldfd ad h machy fo clamg popy succdd ug popy o h fom ows Y, may of h us w ldly Ohs ud oly o sll off h popy as hy had foud b oppous lswh If h o was a u o h p-coflc habao pas, h oo much had happd fo ha o ma mo ha a wshful dam A Cosuoal Cou was s up o su ha lgslao wh h subus w accodac wh h Sa Cosuo of Bosa-Hzgova Th Cou playd a mpoa ol dfyg dscmao agas «moy cosu popls,» ad dcg polcal auhos o amd, hus cfyg suoalsd pas of dscmao Sll, was boud by h cocp of «cosu popls,» whch mpld ha som popls a mo «c o s u v» ha ohs, ad ha o o ca b a pla Bosa cz Wh polcal auhoy vsd h subus, oly symbolc auhoy s lf fo h cal sa Sog cal suos a dd o guaa h saf u of fugs ad dsplacd psos, o cfy pas of dscmaoy lgslao ad o sablsh magful aoal czshp As hs cal sa suos a lagly symbolc Bosa-Hzgova, has fall o h aoal psc o wld h luca subus ogh Wha was fasbl a h m of h pac slm, has h cous of h sug dcad bcom dysfucoal ad cosucd a ba agas fuh Euopa gao hugosokk@cmo Sog cal suos a dd o guaa h saf u of fugs, o cfy pas of dscmaoy lgslao ad o sablsh magful aoal czshp Busss Ehcs fo Mulaoal Copoaos Dvlopg Cous May mulaoal copoaos opa cous chaacsd by xm povy ad qualy, adqua o dysfucoal suos, ad udmocac polcal sysms Th quso of copoa sposbly poo ad udmocac cous s h focus of CMI s sagc su pogamm «Busss hcs fo mulaoal copoaos dvlopg cous» Do Ol Compas Ac Rsposbly Agola? Empcally, h suao facg ol compas Agola, placs hs dlmmas shap lf Th lack of accouabl publc suos, ad h cal poso of ol fms h Agola coomy, povds a cas fo dmadg ga Copoa Socal Rsposbly (CSR) acvs fom mulaoal fms opag h couy Y, a suvy suggss ha h ol compas polcy o copoa socal sposbly Agola, s maly dv by coomc cvs ( s good fo busss) ah ha by hcal cosdaos ( s h gh hg o do) Ths bgs h quso of wha aks fo compas o ac sposbly hs cox Th Moal Rsposbls of Copoaos Th sach pogamm addsss h omav quso of wha sposbls copoaos hav ad whh hy vay wh opag ch ad poo cous o accodg o govac sadads Fom a huma ghs pspcv, copoaos hav boh gav dus o o vola ghs, ad posv dus o ca o cobu o sysms of ghs poco, ad o ad hos dpvd of h ghs Th gav dus a uvsal ad mus always b spcd by copoaos Cocg posv dus, h ca b a dvso of moal labou Wh hs dus a bo by publc suos, posv dus of copoaos a lmd I a dvlopd couy a suabl dvso of moal labou may hus b fo copoaos o pusu owshp us ad pay axs, lavg socal cocs o h sa Howv, hs dvso of labou baks dow coxs wh sa suos a oo capacy cosad o dysfucoal o ak o h assgd sposbls Applyg h assgm appoach o copoa sposbly, dvg moal oblgaos fom wha s h opmal dvso of labou bw ags, w agu ha coxs wh oh ags (cludg h sa) fal o ak o dsbuoal o oh socal sposbls, hs sposbls fall o h copoaos Wh publc suos ad ohs fal o poc huma ghs, posv dus o cobu o sysms of ghs poco ad o ad hos dpvd of h ghs fall o copoaos Fo copoaos opag ad pofg fom dvlopg cous wh poo suoal sgs, sposbls hfo go byod maxmzg owshp us Dpdg o h ow capacy as wll as o h cox, h copoaos hav a moal oblgao o ad hos dpvd of h ghs, cludg by wokg fo gm fom vakolsad@cmo Rghs, Dmocacy & Dvlopm Do ghs ad fomal suos mak a dffc ms of dvlopm? Poco of ghs s mpoa fo dvlopm, paculaly h ghs of vulabl goups Y, w s ha cogo of ghs has lmd mpac h fac of powful socal ad coomc ss ad culual oms Th RDD hmac goup ams o udsad how fomal ad fomal suos ad oms ac dvlopm pocsss: local commus, a h aoal lvl, ad aoal laos Combg sghs ad mhodology fom ahopology, coomcs, polcal scc ad law, w vsga plays bw fomal ad fomal suos ad paccs ha shap dvlopm oucoms Th sach agda has h pllas: - Huma Rghs - Cous - Dmocac Accouably Slcd Pojcs Iaoal Ehcs ad Global Govac Should I Say o Should I go? Wh Should Compas Ex a Couy wh Huma Rghs a Volad Shad Rsposbls - Huma Rghs ad Dvlopm h 21s Cuy Fdom of Expsso fo Ass Tazaa: Csoshp ad Co-opo Th Cous Taso Sagc Isu Pogamm Accouably Fucos of Cous Cous ad h Poo Rol of Cous Bagladsh Th Judcal Poco of Tolac Chl ad Aga: Explag Fdom of Expsso Juspudc, Th Mapuch Ppol's Bal fo Idgous Lad Possbls fo Lgag o Idgous Lad Rghs Th Polcal Isuos Afca Sagc Isu Pogamm Th Isuoal Cox of h 2004 Gal Elcos Malaw 2006 Psdal ad Palamay Elcos Ugada: Isuoal ad Lgal Cox Good Govac ad Ad Modals Rvw of SADC Palamay Foum Govac ad Accouably Agola Agola: Cvl Socy as Pomos of Govac ad Accouably Pag 16 Pag 17

10 Povy Rduco Rsach Goup Socal Rlaos of Rual Povy Mozambqu Ubasao, fmsao of povy ad HIV/AIDS a h boad dvlopm ds ha a lkly o hav a sgfca mpac o ual aas Mozambqu h yas o com Pag 18 Pag 19

11 Povy Rduco Rsach Goup CCMI has compld h fs a ss of sx qualav suds moog ad valuag h povy suao Mozambqu Qualav suds a mpoa complms o quaav coomc daa Thy may dsclos pocsss ad dpdcs lad o o-agbl dmsos of povy such as vulably ad powlssss Qualav suds also allow h poo hmslvs o aalys h ow suaos byod fomal qusoa spos Commuy Pcpos Th fs sudy was coducd Muupula h Nampula povc, clos coopao wh h Msy of Plag ad Dvlopm Popl s ow dfos of povy do o solly la o maal povy, bu also o yps of socal laoshps ad dgs of socal xcluso Mos poo housholds fd ways o cop h daly lvs Th vulably as poo s lagly dmd by h ably o mobls socal laos ms of css Th lss-poo housholds Muupula hav a boad s of laos wh h sa, adoal auhos, h xdd famly, ghbous ad ohs, whas h poos housholds hav fw f ay such laoshps Polcy Implcaos Th poos famls dscs such as Muupula a o volvd wh sa ad commuy suos (cludg ducao, halh, chuch o oh assocaos) Thy a magalsd o xcludd fom adoal famly woks du o h ably o cobu a sg wh laoshps hav o b cpocal Fo hs famls, agd vos a cssay o oly o scu coomc soucs bu also o facla socal laoshps Hgh agculual poduco ad b us o h poducs, ma h ma opo fo socal mobly ad wll-bg fo h majoy of h poos No-agculual mploym ad com ma accssbl fo mos housholds ual aas such as Muupula Icom h fomal ual coomy (pmaly youg popl who hav o y sld) mas vy low Govm polcs should focus o agculu, ad o mpovd accss o maks (hough local oad woks) Impovd bagag posos vs a vs xal ads (hough assocaos) ca hac agculual com ad cosumpo Wom s acv volvm wll b cucal Mak pc fomao should b publcsd hough ados ad poss o povd poducs wh al alavs Chld do o go o school du o povy ad a lack of coomc mas, wok o sblgca sposbls Ealy maag/pgacs foc may gls o dop ou fs Mos popl als h poal mpoac of ducao fo mpovg h lvs Accss o ducao byod gad fv mus b mpovd, ad povsos should b mad fo youg mohs o cou h ducao af pgacy Hgh dsas ad moaly as a lad o maluo Coud pfcs fo adoal docos, scpcsm owads sa halh suos, ad wak saao woks hav cosdabl mplcaos Ou sudy shows ha much ca b do o mpov h saus of h fomal halh sysm Maluo ca b combad hough agd fomao wh a pacula focus o youg mohs gvd@cmo A Succssful Ivo: Th Lbao of Bodd Labou Npal I July 2000, h govm of Npal bad h kamaya labo coac, h wos fom of bodd labou Npal Povy Rduco Rsach Goup Th s a d fo w ad ovav sach o povy ad povy allvao polcs Th s a d fo a mpovd aalycal udsadg of povy Dscpv suds a plful Aalycal sach o h mchasms ha poduc socal ad coomc quals, h vy asos why povy xss ad psss, d o b advacd fuh Ths qus hoough valuaos of ps polcy vos ad a dfcao of ffcv polcs ha abl h poo ad magalsd o scap povy A mo sysmac xchag of pspcvs ad suls fom acoss h socal sccs s dd o advac byod h fagmd, u-dscplay appoach ha culy domas hs fld of sach Du o wll ogasd local NGOs, h majoy of h kamayas lf h ladlods wh a fw days, ad dmadd h lad hy had b pomsd by h govm Local lad fom offcs dfd lad Th vo was succssful pmaly bcaus of h pma locaos Ex-kamayas go h ow hous, ad a small plo of lad fo poduco of vgabls ad sapl food Th govm also bad all h loas h kamayas had fom h ladlods Th ladlods accpd h vo, pobably ou of fa fo lgal sacos, ad a possbl dsbuo of lad Th la was a alsc possbly, as Npal law says ha pma as hav a gh o pas of h lad hy hav lld CMI sachs hav b wokg h plas of Npal fo almos a dcad vsgag bas o povy Th goup compss coomss, socal ahopologss ad polcal scss, ad sks o dvlop mul-dscplay sach dsgs ad mhodologs allowg sygs bw quaav ad qualav appoachs Rsach focus: Assssms of h dsg of po-poo polcs ad valuao of h mpac Suds of soco-culual ad coomc bas ha pv poo popl fom scapg povy Aalyss of hcal jusfcaos fo popoo polcy vos duco, wh a focus o db aps ad fo labou laos Alhough h kamayas cosud a small faco of h poo hs go, hy w amog h mos dsu Lssos fom hs vo ca hlp oh ladlss ad low-saus goups O lsso s ha may b ffcv o ag o pacula hc goup wh affmav aco Th ag goup s asly dfd, ad hc dscmao maks h goup a wohy ag Aoh lsso s ha s bfcal fo h poo o b locad away fom h ladlods Thy a upood fom socal ad coomc s o h ladlods, bu a h sam m hy a povdd wh dpd mas fo suvval Th dowsd s ha hy may loos h scuy ha h vllag ad h ladlods psd Howv, s ou mpsso ha h posv ffcs of locao ad lad ghs ouwgh ay gav ffcs magushalbakk@cmo Slcd Pojcs: Socal Excluso Npal Expc ad Isuoal Capacy fo Povy ad Icom Dsbuo Aalyss Agola Povy Moog ad Macocoomc Advc Ehopa Lvlhood Dvsfcao Sags Malaw Ecoomc Dmas of Nuo ad Maal ad Chld Halh Oucoms Npal Sudy of Povy Mozambqu Bodd Labou Souh-Asa Nowga Afca Polcy Bdgg Rsach ad Dvlopm Co-opao Rvw of Rgh o Play Rgoal Dmsos of Nowga Couy Pogamms Pag 20

12 Publc Sco Rfom Global Halh ad Dvlopm: Shoag of Halh Woks Tazaa Shoag of halh woks s a majo ba o wll-fucog halh sysms Afca I 2006, CMI commcd a Sagc Isu Pogamm o Global Halh ad Dvlopm focusg o halh sysm ssus Pag 22 Pag 23

13 Publc Sco Rfom Publc Sco Rfom Challgs Fw ad Dclg Numb of Halh Woks Th umb of halh woks Tazaa has dcld subsaally fom h md 1990s, dsp apd populao gowh (Fgu 1) Th umb of halh woks p capa dcld by 40% fom 1995 o 2002, ad ow sads a 14 halh woks p 1000 habas As a po of fc, Noway has abou 25 physcas/uss p 1000 I ky cads, acual saffg lvls a lss ha 50% of h aoal saffg oms Amog h asos fo h dcl, a h hg fz h publc sco fom h md 1990s, casd ao of halh woks du o HIV/AIDS, ad b job oppous oh scos ad aboad Gogaphcal Imbalac Whl 80% of h populao Tazaa lv ual aas, h dsbuo of halh psol s skwd owads uba aas Som 30 of h 121 dscs malad Tazaa do o hav a mdcal doco Mo ha 20 dscs do o hav phamacss, ad aoud 40 dscs lack dal ca Wak Poducvy ad Pfomac Whl a low umb of halh woks ca b paly compsad by hgh poducvy, avalabl vdc suggss sha lss ha 60% of h halh woks m s usd o poducv acvs Low poducvy s pobably lad o hgh as of abssm, a opc whch wll b addssd mo hooughly ou fuu sach Shaply dclg umb of halh woks, dsp populao cas Soucs: HRH Csus 1994/95, HRH Csus 2001/02, Wold Dvlopm Idcaos (2004) 67,6 28,8 Halh woks (1,000) 48,5 1994/ /02 Populao (mll) 31,5 Th a also poblms wh pfomac A sampl of 60 halh woks pod ha h s a kow-do gap amog halh woks Alhough wll ducad, docos of ush dug cosulaos; hy oly ak bf pa hsos, do supfcal o o xamaos, ad ak lavly fw lab ss Th halh woks also pod ha fomal payms a commo h halh sco Ths may duc h accss o halh ca, spcally fo h poo Polcy Opos Th sadad cp fo addssg huma souc challgs has b: 1) Ta mo halh woks ad cas h umbs ad 2) cas h lvls of kowldg od o mpov pfomac Ths cp dos o ps a slv bull h Tazaa cox Tad halh woks do o auomacally fd h way o h halh sco Thy may ak up wok oh scos, o aboad Th Govm mus als ha halh woks pacpa aoal as wll as aoal labou maks, hus hy wll hav o off wokg codos whch ca sop h da Mo kowldg s o h soluo f h s a kow-do gap clcal paccs Rah, o has o chag cv sucus o mak docos pfom o h poal Hgh salas pobably ps a ssal pa of h soluo o h halh wok css Tazaa has alady d hs opo; salas fo halh woks publc sco w casd subsaally 2006 I s oo aly o judg h mpac, bu o skg poblm has mgd: Fahbasd facls, whch povd aoud 40% of h halh svcs Tazaa, a sous oubl bcaus h woks mov o h publc sco Ths wll cas h uqual accss o halh svcs, bcaus fah basd facls ypcally sv poo popl mo aas Wha ca b do? Th facal poso of h fah basd sco ds o b sghd Hgh us fs a o a opo, so h govm wll hav o pay Th xampl llusas h complxy of addssg h halh wok css a couy wh a fagmd halh sysm oamasad@cmo Ogog Rsach Acvs Masug h Kow-do Gap Clcal Pacc Masug Abssm Halh Facls Udsadg Pas of Ifomal Payms h Halh Sco Udsadg Fomal ad Ifomal Icv Sucus h Halh Sco Sachg fo Polcy Isums ha Ca Aac Halh Woks o Rual Dscs Sudyg h Rlaoshps bw Halh, Nuo ad Ecoomc Wll-bg Sachg fo Pocdus fo a Fa Allocao of Halh Rsoucs How o accomplsh a ffc, sposv ad accouabl publc sco? Ths s h ma coc fomg h sach goup o Publc Sco Rfom Focus s o (1) maagm of publc soucs ad aspacy dcso makg pocsss, (2) how govms poo cous ca as facal soucs ways ha hac h ffcvss ad polcal lgmacy, ad (3) povso of publc svcs ad fasucu fo h poo Cu focus: 1 Maagg Publc Rsoucs Budgay Pocsss ad Ecoomc Govac Coupo ad Pas of Accouably Pocum Expdu Tackg Local Govm Rfom ad Dcalsao 2 Facg h Sa Taxao ad Tax Rfoms Igovmal Fscal Rlaos Fog Ad Rvus fom Naual Rsoucs ad Exacv Iduss 3 Svc Dlvy ad Ifasucu Halh Educao Wa Elccy Slcd Pojcs: Budg Pocss ad Taspacy Agola Global Halh ad Dvlopm Effcs of h Tax Sysms Afca o Ivsms ad Gowh U4 A-Coupo Rsouc C Coupo ad Palsa Sa- Fomao Publc Expdu Tackg Nuo ad Chld Halh Local Govm Facs Effcv Tax Bud Rvu Collco Agola Aalyss of Naoal Tad Polcs Effc of Tax Sysms Afca Pag 24 Pag 25

14 Publc Sco Rfom Local Govm Rfom (LGRP) Tazaa: B Svcs bu Icasd Buaucacy Th pcpal objcv of h LGRP s o sucu local govm auhos so ha hy ca povd susaabl sposs ffcvly ad ffcly o dfd local pos Local govm auhos a hough o b a b poso o dfy popl s ds, o povd b svcs, ad o couag czs pacpao Impovd Svcs Th was a mms gowh h school olm fom 2000 o 2003, bu h LGRP s oly o of h asos Mo mpoa w h abolo of school fs 2001 ad h lauch of h Pmay Educao Dvlopm Pla (PEDP) 2002 Th scacy of qualfd achs, howv, has h susaably of h ducao fom ad ds o wd h gap bw «advacd» coucls ad hos laggg bhd Th has also b sgfca halh mpovms Ifa moaly as a ducd, ad h mmusao a has s o wll abov 80% Y, h majoy of h popl a dssasfd wh h halh svcs Thy cao affod pop halh ca Th s also wdspad dssasfaco wh h qualy of h wa supply Th umb of pod wabo dsass s alamgly hgh som coucls Lmd Capacy Effos hav b mad o clud czs h plag pocss Y, boom-up plag s pacc a ad hoc xcs, wh h acual plag cad ou by h coucl maagm am Vllag plas bcom uopc «shoppg lss» Th mulpl plag, budgg ad pog sysms sa h lmd capacy of h coucls Saff a of ovwhlmd by pog qums fom vaous cal govm mss ad doos, ad do o hav h capacy o pu h pos ogh Acual mplmaos of (alsc) plas ad pos suff Th s a ug d o smplfy ad saml h xsg plag ad budgg sysms, spcally ual coucls May local govm admsaos a also svly cosad by ulabl fscal daa Cosquly, h a of subsaal vaaos bw h budg fgus psd o h local coucl, h budg psd o h Palam, fomao o xpdus compld by h LGRP, ad h fgus h fal audd accous Th fscal pog qums fo LGAs d o b smplfd Poy should b gv o buld a labl, coss ad updad daabas o local govm facs ad xpdus Effcv, sposv ad sposbl local govms a mpoa o oly fo h local commus, bu also fo h ao od o hac dmocac ad dvlopmal publc suos Cz pacpao ad accouably a ssus ha a ow addssd by a casg umb of polcas, pofssoals, ad cvl socy lads Tazaa Dug h mplmao of h LGRP, h publc hav bcom mo awa of h ghs ad sposbls, bu h s a d fo mo commd polcal, admsav ad cvc lads ha ca aa h objcvs of h local govm fom pogamm Phaps h mos asly ovlookd lsso fom h local govm fom Tazaa s ha dvoluo aks a log m o achv Th xpcs of Ws cous llusa hs wll: ook cus o dvlop asoably ffcv local govm auhos I s hfo o supsg ha Tazaa s cod o da has y o m xpcaos Susaabl chag dmads susad ffo, commm ad ladshp ov a log m Msaks ad sbacks a omal ad vabl compos of h pocss Th bg challg s o us falus as lag oppous, ah ha as xcuss fo abolshg foms oddhlgfjldsad@cmo Wh Doo Paccs Couac Each Oh May dvlopg cous a psly dcalsg wh h am o hac popula pacpao polcs ad dvlopm plag Such pacpao wll, s vsagd, ulmaly mpov socal svcs A h sam m, a lag umb of dvlopm pojcs a sll ogasd hough doo fudd dvlopm comms, NGOs ad CBOs A CMI sudy aalysd h bakdow of wo dvlopm pojcs Tazaa; a squa aa upgadg Mwaza cy, ad h buldg of a dspsay Bagamoyo dsc I boh cass, h pojcs w mplmd by bods ousd h polco-admsav sysm Commuy basd ogasaos o local comms w chag of h pojcs, whl local auhos fl lf ou ad acd gavly o wha hy saw as a sdlg of h ol Cosquly, hy god, o v acvly wokd agas, h pojcs Th sudy suggss ha us-comms ad socal fuds should b gad local auhoy sucus o avod valy ad fagmao of pacpao, ad o hac local dmocacy slag@cmo Effcs of Tax Sysms o Ivsms ad Gowh Afca Th sudy xamd h mpac of ax sysms o h gowh of fms Afca cous: Lsoho, Madagasca, Mauus, Namba, Rwada, Souh Afca, Tazaa, Zamba, ad Ugada Fv ky scos w addssd: agculu, ousm, mg, facal sco, ad maufacug, wh a pacula focus o small bussss I mos of h cas cous, coomc acvy s casgly locad wh h fomal sco Ths sco s had o ax Tax admsaos do o pos hs sco bcaus cash us a low compad o ffos vsd Th sudy agus ha h a good publc polcy asos fo payg mo ao o axg fomal uba coomc acvy Much of h ag abou ax vads h fomal sco, cs o compo fom pss ha opa wll abov h mag of subssc Fdg b ways of axg h fomal sco, howv, s pacc o hgh o h ax fom agda of Afca vu auhos Tax foms hav b dv by a cla coomc calculus ha mphaszs h advaags of xcludg magal pays fom h ax Polcal agums fo Th polcal agums fo cluso hav o b mad o had cludg magal pays hav o b mad o had Ths would b lss of a poblm f h acual ax buds poo cous w faly ad ffcvly dsbud, bu hy a o I pacula, hy of fall havly o a small umb of gsd fomal sco compas S hs lgh, axao s o jus a admsav ask fo czs ad govms I s vy much a quso of polcs ad pow - h way ha auhoy s xcsd a couy hough s fomal ad fomal suos By aalysg h polcal coomy of dff yps of busss, ad h fomal sco lao o ax mpacs, h sudy povds sghs ha may abl govms o mpov h ax mpac o busss ad hby mpov log-m dvlopm objcvs Th sudy was co-maagd by DFID ad h Fog Ivsm Advsoy Svc (FIAS), a u wh h Iaoal Fac Copoao (IFC) Th couy pos a avalabl o: wwwfas Th fal syhss po wll b psd a a aoal ax cofc Lvgso, Zamba, 2007 oddhlgfjldsad@cmo Pag 26 Pag 27

15 Publc Sco Rfom U4 A-Coupo Rsouc C: Hlpg Doo Pacos Addss Coupo Effcvly Followg h Ida Oca suam Dcmb 2004, a «scod suam» of ad floodd o h affcd cous Ivably, gv h massv facal cobuos ad myad of w acos who poud o hlp, pos of coupo soo sufacd Th ad ogazaos Oxfam ad Sav h Chld, fo xampl, cuald h asssac Ach, Idosa, af dscovg faud som pogamms I s o supsg ha doaos a llcly dvd dug a css lk h 2004 suam I s supsg, howv, how pooly quppd may agcs a o hadl h poblm O aso fo hs s ha coupo has adoally b a aboo opc h humaaa fld Ulk dvlopm acos, who hav ackld coupo oply fo mo ha a dcad, lf ogazaos hav b mo hsa May a afad of a publc backlash f hy adm ha coupo s a al challg Ohs agu ha coupo s a low-poy poblm gv h ug d o poc huma lvs U4 s sach pogamm «Coupo Emgcs» dspls h myh ha coupo cool s a luxuy humaaa opaos Though a ss of paccal soucs, ouls o oly h mpac of coupo o h qualy ad quay of ad, bu also commds coc masus ha doos ad oh humaaa acos ca ak o duc h sk Th fs oupu of h «Coupo Emgcs» sach pogamm, w fo U4 by h Ovsas Dvlopm Isu, was a mappg xcs dfyg wh ad how coupo occus h mgcy pojc cycl, ad povdg a famwok fo mgag aco «Coupo Emgcs: Wha Rol fo Mda?» coas commdaos fom a wokg mg May 2006 wh doos, NGOs ad joualss, cludg mda pacos fom S Laka, Lba ad Npal Pacpas hghlghd h cosas o magful pog o coupo css Edoal pssus push fog joual- ss o focus h o humaaa hos o hadl-gabbg scadals Local ouls may lack h polcal o facal dpdc o udak objcv ad hoough vsgaos Ubalacd covag a h ous of a css couagd by ad agcs ag o aac fuds - dsos xpcaos of wha ca b dlvd ad how fas Wh poblms vably mg, whholdg fomao s a commo acc o avod mo ccal xposu To couag ga aspacy ad accouably, doos w challgd o sablsh accss o fomao polcs fo hmslvs ad mplmg pas, so ha mda ca mo asly ack allocaos of fuds, xpdus, ad mpac Smlaly, doos should sha h suls of h ow vsgaos of dvdual cass whl a h sam m suppog hos agcs ha poacvly spod o faud h pogamms I addo o casg publc cofdc, mo opss wll hlp o coxualz dsc cass of coupo ad pv h dsoo of pacula xampls Tagd mda suppo o pomo b covag ca ag fom spcalsd couss o h humaaa sysm o h sablshm of a fud fo dpd mda ouls as a pa of mgcy asssac I «Coupo Emgcy Pocum» Jssca Schulz ad Ta Sød addss spcfc challgs lad o h puchas of mgcy goods ad svcs Wha cvs ca doos povd o duc coupo pocum? Suppo fo collaboav acvs, whch lm oppous fo coupo o occu, s mpoa Pomsg xampls w hghlghd fom Kya, wh a dsas ppadss goup goas jo coacs wh suppls, ad Suda, wh a commo pocum sysm fo o-food ms was sablshd Dafu Ral-m moog of pocum dcsos, hghlghg poblms as hy happ, s aoh appoach ha dsvs boad applcao jsscaschulz@cmo Th U4 A-Coupo Rsouc C wbs: A O-sop Shop fo Kowldg o A-Coupo Rfom Th U4 C coud o xpad ad mpov s wbs, wwwu4o Wh h oduco of «U4 Bfs», ou sach oupus a commucad as cocs, polcy-od docums agg a dvlopm paco audc U4 Bfs cov opcs agg fom spcfc halh sco foms o h ol of doos suppog a-coupo commssos Afca Th Slcd Lau pag, a daabas of ov 300 cafully-chos pcs o 53 opcs, has b ogazd ad xpadd wh w cagos cludg gd, masum, poscoflc coupo challgs, ad coupo aual soucs Th wbs also faus Exp Asws fom h U4 Hlp Dsk, a svc opad by Taspacy Iaoal Bl Th Hlp Dsk spods o doos skg sach suppo fo coupo-lad pogammg challgs I 2006, h Hlp Dsk spodd o wysx qus fom U4 pas Ths agd fom qusos abou h coupo suao spcfc cous lk Zamba ad Ehopa o quss fo advc o sablshg mbassywd faud hols Also w o h wbs hs ya a hm pags o polcal coupo, o h msus of polcal pow fo pva bf Poblms of polcal coupo affc mos cous, ch ad poo Th Elf scadal Fac s a wll-kow xampl fo Euopas, bu polcal coupo d o cssaly b llgal o qu so xsv Psd Fdad Macos of h Phlpps, fo xampl, amdd h Cosuo o lgmz hs lag-scal publc loog I Bazl, h Labou Pay was accusd of payg a mohly allowac of US$12,500 o alld pay cogssm u fo h suppo How ca doos ffcvly addss hs pckly ssu wh pas? Dpdg o h suao, hy mgh choos o of h followg appoachs: o pomo polcal suppo fo cofog chd lads, o duc oppous fo polcas o ak publc fuds, o o sc h pacc of buyg polcal suppo Th U4 wbpags povd a boad aay of xampls ud ach cagoy Sfg kowldg fom a sa of facs A ky am of h U4 wbs s o showcas lssos lad h fld of gy fom As ayo who has sachd fo coupo daa kows all oo wll, h poblm s o lack of fomao bu a dfc of al kowldg abou wha woks a gv cox, ad why Th U4 wbs pss lva sach ad cas suds culld fom doo pacos A h 2006 Iaoal A- Coupo Cofc Guamala, U4 coodao Haald Mahs psd hs pspcvs o collcv lag poblms ad h oppous povdd by mod fomao chology A pm o kowldg maagm fo a-coupo, avalabl ol, addsss may of hs ssus ad povds coc commdaos o doo agcs fo ovcomg suoal obsacls o lag wwwu4o / u4@cmo Pag 28 Pag 29

16 CMI ad h ad Dscous Asa Ad: Wha Lssos fo Ws Cous? So-calld mgg doos a bcomg mo mpoa plays aoal dvlopm coopao Th s of Cha as a majo doo ad adg pa Afca, has flucd h dvlopm ad dscous pofoudly Ida, Souh Koa, Thalad, ad Malaysa a oh Asa cous ha hav s ambous objcvs as doos Th ol s sll magal wh coms o h pcag of oal ad flows, bu ca cous h psc has alady bcom sgfca Gally, cp cous hav wlcomd hs w doos Nw doos as a umb of mpoa qusos wh spc o h c ad cu ffos a hamosg ad polcs ad paccs wh h UN ad h OECD-DAC famwoks Wll h w doos adjus o cu mullaal agms? A sablshd modls fo dvlopm coopao bg challgd? Wh h asssac of h Nowga Msy of Fog Affas, CMI has ak a k s hs ds, ad was gagd sval pojcs focusg o Asa ad 2006 Japas Ad Japa s h wold s scod lags doo, ad by fa h bggs doo Asa cous Bg a mmb of h OECD, Japa has c yas sough o bg s ad polcs ad paccs clos o hos of Ws doos ad h Wold Bak Y, h a also sgs ha Japa ow sks o affm s ow dy as a doo Japas ad polcy s a souc of spao o oh Asa doos Th pcpls of o-fc ad muual bfs hough ad ad ad a ky chaacscs of Japas ad Why dd Eas Asa, whch cvd Japas ad, succd, whl Afca wh ad maly fom Ws doos o succd? Th pojc Fogg pashps? A compaav sudy of Japas ad Nodc ad Asa, s ag complo Th fohcomg book, dd a CMI, cluds cass suds fom sval cous focusg o ad pashps a h mplmao lvl Th auhos, compsg Nodc, Japas ad oh Asa scholas, bg pspcvs fom ad cp cous ad doos ha hho hav o fgud pomly h ad dba A ma objcv s o sudy ad laoshps as s fom h cp sd I Dcmb 2006, CMI ad h Msy of Fog Affas ogasd a sma o Asa modls fo ad: Is h a o-ws appoach o dvlopm asssac? Th oducos by scholas fom Japa, Cha, Ida ad Souh Koa fd o polcy dbas pog dff dcos, dfg aoal ss as wll as aoal oblgaos Th s o «Asa appoach,» bu claly a coc fo fomg dscv appoachs o ad CMI d a agm wh h Japas Bak fo Iaoal Coopao o pacpa a woya pojc calld Ad Effcvss o Ifasucu: A Compaav Sudy of Eas Asa ad Sub-Sahaa Afca Th pojc xplos goal coass ad ffcvss, focusg o boad suoal mpacs of lag scal pojcs, whch s o ky pspcv udlyg Japas ad alfmjv@cmo Cha ad Afca Cha s xpoally gowg laos wh Afca a mgg as a majo ssu fo vybody cocd wh dvlopm ad povy duco o h Afca co Obsvs a wachg Cha s Afca polcy wh a mxu of fascao ad fgh Th mgc of Cha oducs w oppous fo Afca, as wll as w challgs ad mpodabls I 2006, h Nowga Msy of Fog Afca commssod CMI o cay ou a sudy psg ad vwg h w Chs gagm Afca ad o dfy ad dscuss mplcaos fo Nowga fog ad dvlopm polcs Th po dscusss h mplcaos fo Afca ad dfs h challgs ahad I agus ha alhough Noway may b a small couy wh vy lmd capacs o fluc Chs polcs, ca sll mak a dffc Though h Nowga dvlopm polcy Afca ad hough h Nowga gagm h polum ad gy scos, Noway posssss sklls, soucs ad fluc whch poally ca hlp mak a small, bu mpoa cobuo sghg Afca s capacy o bf fom Cha s gagm Ths sudy was cad ou co-opao wh wo Nowga suos (PRIO ad ECON) ad h Isu fo Global Dalogu Souh Afca llgjolad@cmo Pag 30 Pag 31

17 CMI Couy Compc Agola Sc h la ghs, CMI hav dvlopd clos laos wh sachs, sach sus, NGOs ad aoal dvlopm pas Agola Mappg Povy CMI was coacd by h Nowga Embassy o map povy ad com dsbuo aalyss Agola Th sudy pss a ovvw of povy ad walh Agola wh commdaos o h Nowga Embassy o how hy bs ca suppo povy aalyss ad moog Agola Dscbg h aoal povy suao Agola s a dffcul ask f o was h dscpo o b basd o daa ad o o casual obsvao, hasay ad psoal opos Amps o collc daa hav b hampd by wa, ad hav a bs covd hos pas of h couy wh h Govm has had cool Dmal facos fo h collco ad aalyss of povy daa hav ov m had damagg ffcs o h daa culu Agola Th lack of vald daa o povy s claly vsbl aoal publcaos Dsp h hgh pvalc of povy, Agola as a couy dos o blog o h poo ms of GDP p capa Th Wold Bak classfs as a low mddl com couy, ad may soo b amog h mddl com cous ms of avag GDP p capa Howv, h couy s povy suao s sous ad s com dsbuo vy skwd Abou 70% of h populao lvs blow h povy l Th fucoal com dsbuo, h dvso of com bw capal ad labou, s basd owads capal by sup-pofs h aual souc scos Agola Th spaal com dsbuo s also skwd, wh mos us dg up Luada Agola s xcll aual souc dowm should mga povy ad skwd com dsbuo A c IMF saff po cocluds ha h coomc oulook fo Agola has b asfomd by h 2002 pac agm ad by casg govm vus fom ol bu ha «pogss o sucual fom ad polcs o duc povy has b lmd» A lag umb of aoal ad aoal obsvs say ha h l s vsd s h saus quo, sdls ao o povy duco Moov, vaous commaos fl ha h ps Povy Rduco Pla (ECP) s a «pap pla» daw up o appas doos ad xac soucs fom hm Rsach o povy has com o b basd o quaav mhods Th am pcvs - ad subscbs o - a mgg flg amog acadmcs, cvl socy ad doos ha qualav sach ough o b gv mo suppo ad mphass W blv ha s mo mpoa o focus o how quaav ad qualav chqus ca b gad wha s of calld «mhodologcal plualsm» o «plualsc sach» M Aco CMI dd a vw o asss Nowga Popl s Ad adapg s Agola pogamm o ach h objcvs has s fo h pod 2004 o 2007 NPA psly woks fv povcs ad mploys mo ha 550 psos Agola Th couy pogamm has a aual budg of appoxmaly 60 mllo NOK Th NPA Agola sagy fo focuss o lad ad souc ghs, ad o dmocac ghs ad pacpao Th wok s ogasd wh wo pogamms: m aco (85%)) ad dvlopm (15 %) NPA s m aco pogamm s xpcd o hlp pomo ual dvlopm ad lad ghs Th umb of squa ms clad p ya, has casd damacally, cos ffccy has mpovd, ad ffos o achv soco-coomc objcvs hav b sghd hough h us of NPA s Task Impac Assssms (TIA) Fuh ffos should b mad o pomo soco-coomc dvlopm ad lad ghs m f aas, ad o su ha m clag bfs wom as much as m Whl NPA has do a blla job ag Agolas, who ow u opaos all bass, h quso of aoalsao also xds o owshp ad fudg of h MA ogasao NPA Agola wshs o buld up a fully aoalsd ogasao ha ca opa ul ms cas o b a poblm, bu s oly wh h Agola Ladm Impac Suvy has b compld ha h wll b a facual bass fo focasg h x of h MA ffo dd Culy, h a wo docoal pojcs o Agola whch buld o ad complm CMIs kowldg o ky aas of socy ad coomy O s a compaav sudy (Agola, DRC ad Sa-Lo) of h cosoldao of pac af a cvl wa, pacula h ffc of «souc cus» ssus o h pospcs fo lasg pac (Sams) Th oh compas pay sysms ad h pocss of dmocasao Agola ad Mozambqu, cous whch a fomly domad by a hgmoc o-pay sa I pacula, looks a h laos bw polcal pas, h cal admsao ad h adoal lads (O) A MA pojc looks a h «pos coflc» lcos Agola ad Mozambqu whch ook plac h 1990s ampg o udsad why h lco bcam succssful Mozambqu bu o Agola (Saalad) CMI ad CEIC (Co d Esudos Ivsgação Cfca), h hkak sablshd a h Caholc Uvsy Luada, dvlopd a coopao pogamm fo 2007 Hopfully, wll lad o a log m sach coopao pogamm Th pogamm wll clud capacy buldg povy sach, a w aual po compsg sach o h chuch ad povy as wll as fuh wok o budg ssus ad busss hcs Th pogamm wll also comps chcal coopao o ICT ssus CMI has a Agola wbs fo uss who a acv sach, dvlopm coopao ad busss Agola CMI s also h hub of a Agola wok Noway jasaks@cmo Cvl Socy o h Mov Af yas of cvl wa ad polcal moopolsao, cvl socy s hly wak Agola Alhough h couy allowd f fomao of ad uos, NGOs ad cvl socy ogasaos 1992, Agola auhos hav o fully accpd h ols of cvl socy as popl s vocs o as wachdogs moog publc suos ad polcs Ogasaos wok wh a scv lgal famwok, ad a caful Basd o pvous xpcs, h s a agbl fa of backlash Idpd ad uos, som huma ghs ogasaos ad chuch basd ogaos a bcomg mo couagous ad vsbl Ogasaos wokg xplcly o vus fom ol ad oh mals, govm aspacy ad publc fac maagm, coupo ad axao, a fw ad wak Jublu 2000 s a wok of ogasaos wokg o soco-coomc ghs, aspacy publc facal maagm ad a b po-poo dsbuo Thy a culy pushg fo Agola o sg up o h Exacv Iduss Taspacy Iav (EITI) Th s much ogasaoal wokg Agola Almos all NGOs ad CSOs a mmbs of a las o ogasaoal wok Th woks opa o oly fo h spcfc ss of h mmb ogasaos Th woks ps a pfd avu fo addssg ssv polcal qusos Th wokg d s vy posv, ad polcally focful Th Agola govm oly sms o spod o pssu fom cvl socy wh h pssu s cocd, basd o a lag umb of aoal ad aoal ogasaos ad wh mda covag A h sam m, h gm s o moolhc Th a op avus o mo accommodag mss ad govm psavs gamuds@cmo Pag 32 Pag 33

18 Pacpag h Publc Dba Egagg h Nowga Publc Dscous: Ccal Vocs Mda ca b a mpoa ad ffcv chal fo ccal aalyss ad polcy advc C obug wh facs, kowldg, ccal aalyss, polcy advc ad kowldg-basd opos, CMI scholas pacpad polcal polcy dbas ad gagd mo ha v h Nowga mda 2006 A paculaly skg xampl was h s publc dba o h Nowga gagm Afghasa ha upd Icasg Numb of Iaoal Publcao Th ya 2006 was pobably h bs v fo CMI wh coms o aoal publcaos Th a sval publcaos hgh akd (UHR-lvl 2) jouals ad dd books Th hmac focus vas fom ad-polcs, Esp Vllag Euopa Ecoomc Rvw, va wom s movms Souh Afca, Gsla Gsl Joual of Souh Afca Suds, h ol of cll phos fo ads Ghaa, Raghld Ovå Wold Dvlopm, o coupo, Odd-Hlg Fjldsad ad Ta Sød Iaoal Hadbook o h Ecoomcs of Coupo Oh publcaos cov dmocacy Bolva, huma ghs Bosa-Hzgova, hc fdalsm Ehopa, h ol dusy Agola, galaasm, as wll as a book dd by Robo Gagalla o Cous ad Socal Tasfomao Nw Dmocacs Pag 34 Spmb CMI sach A Sad pacpad xsvly aoal ad goal wspaps, ad o ado H hld umous lcus ad smas o vaous audcs all ov Noway, cludg Palam ad h mss Th wo opds co-w wh collagu As Suhk, bcam h opc of doals ladg wspaps Aoh xampl of sog CMI gagm, was h coupo-dbas Noway s ladg facal wspap Ta Sød bcam a fqu commao aalysg cu ds ad challgs, hcal boudas ad bhavou CMI had 25 op-ds majo Nowga wspaps o co hmac subjcs: Pacbuldg Afghasa, Suda, Lbao, ad Pals, coupo, h polcs of ad ad Islam h ws CMI s acv us of h mda has also ld o a casg dmad fo CMI xps fom h mda ad fom h publc CMI scholas spod o hs dmad, ad a abl ad wllg o gag publc dscous CMI bfs fom h boad couy ad hmac xps amog sachs wh coflcs xplod ad damac vs ach h hadls Th dmad fo quck ad lva aalyss ca b qu s 202 mda acls 2006 pss ad avag of fou acls vy wk I Ocob mda dsbuo achd a cod pak of 10 mllo poal cps Th mohly avag was 4 mllo Ou wo w PhD sachs dsgushd hmslvs wh h wllgss o bg h sach o h publc dscous Lv Tøs wo 6 op-ds (2 co-auhod wh CMI collagus) o Islam h Ws, ad challgs Suda ad Dafu Båd Kåv s hom wo op-ds fom hs fldwok Bhlhm Hs sach was h oly ha achd aoal lvso gvldhsad@cmo vlo samfu@ g: ps l avdl vd Adlg bløff Bjøgulv K Bjå bjbj@vlo ulad BERGENS TIDENDE TORSDAG 21 SEPTEMBER 2006 som gjgsld kupp sdag, focmi-fosk Hugo md auokask ldsl v kk Hugo Sokk Sokk o kk Thaks Shawaa og l lyd ldy- økoomsk kollaps Thap Ha va lag m lad d mlæs ss 57 å gaml Thaks saskupp gjø Shawaa av populæ på ladsbygd ogsmasj Thalad l fathalads ks m Jg ha g o på by, s Hugo Salg av Thakss adl damask dg, og Sokk lg smål Thalads søs Ha sammlk uladsk vso vl lkomslskap ga ham ATLE ANDERSSON Thaks md Ialas dl- ok fohold sg g l skaf uby på y fogsmsg sasms Slvo 1,9 mllad dolla D Aladsso@bo um upk av d mlæblusco fø l om pos Makovakls vl hl D o ha my l flls, D va hll kk øko Ld pa Tha Rak l kk by so fo båd å d gjld bak- omsk fako som fkk Tha, som ha va md bygg lad No gu som sjf fo fo- d mlæ l å a på å gulgg 1998 sve: Hv fm sælg ffk på økoogsmp og ldsl gjgskoo SVERIG E omfad uo og sva m ogscap daglglv fo g ha kjøp x-rus D va bgg omgm av soza dmosasjo klæ sk hushold Bgg foo: sk pass, vask hald fls vl kk fo bm skadal, på sam-å Ovask ha yvalg apl s fa ba : omåd Ogs ss j NIA d (36) AN ssapopulæ so- E du fobaus ov a og hådvk kupp få, s fosk STO Oppossjo Hu RBRIT boko- Tah m også d ha p hjl Bla Cha y s søkls valg, d bl dfo Hugo Sokk vd Ch m dl avto bfolkg, Thalads gal å s asogp sas vs y ud aslå v, Soba sk å klæugyldg b b fo Mchlss Isu (CMI) s Sokk kk ha lag vkk adåd gh om om åd fo Skamyd død bd ls skull g- sjo md å avs Ha følg uvklgls ba D haladsk js udøm lhæ H av d sva ma som mlkupp-paallll ok sdag ov mak Thalad og abolad på ovmb dmokask valgd gjdap so l 10 g fo fi sd 1sa fal lg Thalad, og avsa vd h g Kuppmak gå md d g?, og ha dlg abfø av pvap ko å, og da samm jåfø Paksa og sasms svsk b- Jg odd faksk d vlvll uv pla y sasm dosjs d fo d asjoal la lag a usa så fo my ls ls s Cha p s og g fa sg mak abdsogasasjo ILO Nå h ugdomm bl Thalad hadd m v m gå sk s M Tm Pak o sa uk Nyvalg bl Bagkok må-mod dmoka å, d Ifølg avsa Th avkk o søk usa lsfø d pp om å Sokk m sdagsd bsk ms fod hæ hold sms- h Ogsåh paallll l fg av fa båd makovagls habv l Paksas sa d hvo ha ba 1991-kupp slåd, påp- ud Asa-ks 1997 og mag lkhskk md Shauka Azz k Sokk kupp fo fm å sd, suam fo sa o å D gag ga hæ sd som ha slv fulg på sodploma oppdag æ hold Bagkok A d å dukk opp dømmls av makskf md å ld fogs- gj vd mak, ud«smf» Mag bklag ok d msum sk d mlæs g Nå skal salbaksj- slvbld D fosva Også d gag ha aslag mo dmoka, mlækupp gå sll, m samdg va d f, også ha u polsk g øy Thalads asjokooll og smf avsa sasms bakgu, ld Thalad al h, kogdømm fo sg Folk fls vsy Thaks Shawaa fm l s dmokas- og adsjoll vd, og vl s uvklg a svæ koovsll skk- k valg s Sokk Slv om kus på lahl sys d kk å væ kls I d uba mddlo sosl folklg fo- klass bl ha oppfa ds valua sup m E fa a bld av baa s foa aks på ga E kv dl u gul os l solda, og gaslg fs us md paflm md lkldd dam faka s usa Hl LASSE NØRGAARD Bagkok g SvSad a d g fl dl My sva abd og ufø sva sko domm s d ug HåFøs og fm m sva, s som abd k vd Skav ka Malm somm kls sø I ud spu d av s sva 13 po 18 l 74 å a d aldsgupp o som sva abd, ladshadd ufø d på NTB skull ls u bass g s ø l æ l m s v Av Pøvkjø Ås Bl! 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E ATL ba ull E AND Slo ERS SON l slvmo så, følg ksdp Lowhjlm som, m d å d om ka N gj o s so og sju svl mulg å opp jud ss va mdlsvs alad d Slo Sov wwwfydboo vs o p ag og ss g o@ Ag skl 625 å mdl Ikk skaff sg y dahl Sö- bo m aslag mo Nao-syk kla æ ml a a Spa Ra sold voldlg, I gå 5200 ko, Bo b bl mås o md Afghasa f pso få o lov l Sobaa A Sad mlæ s s Ha da v o CMI-fosk d 5 jlm ap slvmod h Nao-db Joas Gah d Svs am Low Rd- sbomb uksms -Gh påpk Sa sg mo m s 350 oppfodka ms A AfgI d saka m a lk læ g g fo vas u al Sv ko va lo og fos a d Sø has sø s s å gå foa 100 dalog Sad sup Ha mdahusafg sa ha a Sv l Vl s To dag ch ba Sø - Tjkka o om hvl jlmna og m-e sk l så lk foa o b Löwh TO-soh a ad Na l å lgg om l hasa lda påkvd db d 101 som fosa d g og sø s skal spl Tyka - m s g a d alla g vas lv Pa p fos alk Fl ad k oll 2750 lm M l lys øk hum o øk dalog md bfo Löwh ssø lad sol og po Tysk Ha såä da as s avv s sa Na bl Afgha 200 kua mo å la po- vk på humaæ bsväs su adv g m l off Uga Sofosks, æ sas, byggg av av bsadskom opp pg gj as ap l A g S fo sg såa alno USA Lbav d,opp flkhj lad s fam 5 ms l d ko Afgha a a kø av j SV dfi omåd k ksp vo fo sk s Øs lda a sak o-so ha, sl-sa I d - 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TOs galsk s fospø ha gj l NATO solda, Schff ydlg på a sal Ha va hl sl om sp fa mg Så d mosa vll hø dg va ha skv VG osdag kom s bl ha skuff Sam ls Afgjø as Avg s vk gav a d osk sa, s Bah på vll kla d fod smål bl høy vd TO om spø hasa ovfo NA u d Sva kk a akk da lg omgag M Ed m-echs ulukk d Sø å sd ad bl dmd Sp ovfo SV Nog ka komm l og Ap d sa på seksamdg kv k l Afgha fo god sy lukk bl yp sa dø kk puk Nosk Uk ds ud sv ks Ul hlh d sp Sål Nog bud P dag d bu m Sø-Afga v ha a polsk Is syk l g som gjø kollkv asva sag ja l å sd D H g d slu -la 26 NATO hasa Flagg s, s som hvl på g som ufod NTB lad g md vs hvlk kk ba No lg Jg F-sy Må as alvo v skal a vå NATO- d m-echs som ld ISA lg a Sø D gjø Sål Ulks k d foskjl : Nao mg alvolg Kld sd 9 foplkls omåd okob 2006 fdag 20 OKTOBER ,- CMI-fosk A Sad m d a a fl NATO v å o -so ka skap f lda d Afghasa Mådsl k 999,- kl mva Lpod 36 måd Kjølgd km Foskuddsl k 46000,- kl mva SOGNDAL: F R Y D E N B Ø FRYDENBØ BILSENTER d god følls Rbkka Joswg VIDAR YSTAD HÅVARD BJE LLA vdaysad@ b ND (foo) hask og så vaa m d dyg hal om avg uvda ua lag mø d kap ha bl jda s, vll d kskom g gå slk på So Eg l då på aksjo fo Høg-la ha gjv om klaga gjga Ea Solb a d va g a d kkj s gå mykj pa oko ho KVINN FOTO: NATURV ERNFORBUN Hld Kjøsvd, Dpam of Socal Ahopology, Uvsy of Bg l«h d yvvoc, Palsa» Cocpos of Toåg påkj OSLO: E p so ø lgag l h skal ha få av Rghs Oday T-b mmlg aad Rssac amog a dokum bu vd Rkshosp dsoslo: Tlsa l Sykhus d sabl, ha å a askadomfa Wom h Occupd Ws Bak ma som mo ld g uavkla m skal M Tal ba E samla op po gå o ssjo folag g op sogsm og dba sykbdag ø om osk l Afghasa Ka Hggsad, Dpam of ompaav Polcs, Uvsy of C Bg yh 11 Polcal Fdom ad h Rs ad Fall of Ol R Sas - Th Expcs of Chad, Nga ad Gabo gs HERAD: DET polamld Nogs Nauvfobu d ha på vg Kvhad Eg AS aug l fo budd p skapsvom fo Habgdal og uvd fobdls md oppu ladls av Mu kafslskap åd Ogasasjo adal ka sgamldls h ha gjo fv sg skyld ulo vd asvalg hvds d a Kvh k I ad Eg fo omfa vlg opp fa Rkshospa Muadal d hogs lags øgal Kafvk am ladsbygd Afg sa u 2006 dlg, okobha fda sg20s lfsd ad, og øy 8: VÅRT LAND Husk a afg u b ha ha kas Sovjuo gag fø og må g om d hadd opp slv lad ov solda Hso buk av m vs a læmak slå ghasa, s A S fl Afad Oppossjos laa vl a udmjuk g jga Guhld Gskmo, Dpam of ompaav Polcs, Uvsy of Bg C Iqualy,Isably ad Gowh: Tacg h Pah of Causaly Though Slco Modls Lah Jug, Dpam of Socal hopology, Uvsy of Bg A Th Rlgous NGO ad Mcofac ANMELDT: E 25 m Hab Pogamms, cass of Embu ad gdal Kv bd «ga» Th hogg u fo had bdls m d uvdls KafMb av kafvk slskap am ld fo VÅRT LAND Ha a avs ad fa d ha omal som sva /hv f msllg av NATOs f d Afg D hasa haug av ul k som dla gupp bla komm kgføg, da da som gjø hva d fkk vll av am 11 kaspmb va «på fod d sd» Nå ha d vd sg mo syk, s d uladsk Sad Sad på pk a NA samabd TO ha h som md lokal kgsudyk k folk Folk på gasoa sa spø sg Afghasa l å b hvm solda sky, s ha Iføl- STILLER SPØRSM g Sad føl folk ÅL: Folk på sk gasoa Afg gad av y hasa spø gg sg hvm d gjø h ud Talba solda l vklg å, md sa l å bs sol da ud å løs pobl ky, s CM - lad NATO-ko m sa I-fosk A mmado lad bl Sad Afg ha s a, s Sad CM Ha m Polsk løs d osk I-fo D sk m polsk g d oal om å s dba- da log må f d syk Polk flslå å sd lok po ghasa l Sø-Afov bø l al l kk, a h fo og bsad ll d Afgha- sjoal samfu lva lg l om sa mag lkvl å l, hvs måmlæmak a sl- ld D gå som g mlæ sals l fugd uom dss sa sum mmgup a Loka s fo å skap sa po, ms p l samm lsk løs Afgha- suku fd og - all d d all vkg fdsbva kaskj g og m s b s d opasjo kk s pogss bls på d p v f å ska å d og polsk d gjld kvsy sabl lad, s Vlg d a Sad Jyllads-Pos/Bgs Tdd Thalads syd sasms Thaks Shawaa akom osdag kvld Lodo, hvo ha bl gjfo md mdlmm av s faml D bsk uksdpam s Thaks komm på pva bsøk, og a ha kk ha bd om å få sakk md sasms Toy Bla ll ad mdlmm av d bsk gjg kk klokssjo bl Sogsoppo mø d uvdd s av gåsdag, m foøyd md -syk ukskom TO NA ag l a Nogs bd opp l dba plas Afghasa sy Ufo FOTO: SUKREE som gjø ov som ha væ um sdag a, db bd SUKPLANG, g REUTERS d SVs bh Nå få v gs bslu hø gjall båd ka vud- d fo gj hvlk sgal v d mulg a all D vkgs gjøls og vå TO og vå gs d NA Js l Sv u sd -foma fo vå ms g, s Fp vasklg Jg o d dag å fo fosvasfolk kafvk dg skuff d sam d Ikk sva Huls gjg ga fm a fod v bygg gass Afg Søgjø kla v kk dla ov d d kk å sd syk l Bg, så ka om Solbg fo vdak å hasa, s ksms Ja PSø-Afghasa kk a gjg u ldg lg Td uh Jg oppfa slvkkk på dss s sak svæ ms alå a s (H) sy avslag vå æ æh av D sys jg syd, D suasjo komm fa Nog, bslug d få å ha ha a l sag ja, s m v a db Js v ku ha s s hu hvo Sog, Ea Solbg Høy-ld Avvs a fl solda g f d BERGENS TID END All us som ha bsøk Thalad ha hø d famøs uykk: «Sam sam bu dff» (d samm, ba alds) Gaslg flg buk av uykk, spsl å d md lys hasgh kas fm a -skjo, som l alds søls ll fag m lls d samm Tl oss fo s slvmosgls uykk bl dl av daglgal, og d bsydlg a d of g mg å buk d Slv om d fosa ka bl damask dag som komm, så va Bagkok dag kupp, opp så: Sam sam, bu dff Iga Bauas, Dpam of Compaav Polcs, Uvsy of Bg Colou Rvoluos ad Auhoaa THAKSIN FRAMME I LONDON: Racos h Pos Sov «Gy Zo» A Aalyss of Ial ad Exal Acos Ifluc o Rgm Chag Uka ad Blaus af 1994 Gul fo kog ROLIG I GATENE: E l gu sud aks, som so oppsl ufo gs av gj klok gjgsbygg o kk bl Bagkok gå ls på hvodgjø kk få sva Kuppmak å fo ha dklæ Jg hadd md s d gåsdag m fåsom fo ma mag od,offlg fdag hø v a Jg gjø ja og hva d som Koo kk sva på syk å, dss spsal bak va kk sd sg, og d g va fæ folk u s Solb valg a fopåsa klalg Hu m osdag - dags avs, hjalp afka og slo av pa md kv som ga dm gul os Solda slv ba gul ambd fo å vs ds lojal l kog Gul madags fag Thalad, og fod kog Bhumpol fød på madag, hyll ma kog vd å bæ gul sam MadhabSamPasad Bhusal, Dpam of Socal Ecoomy, Uvsy of Bg Spaal Vaao of Agculual Wags Ws Npal D dag dpå Thalads hovdsad, og d ba få m sd mlækupp avsa lads sasms Bagkoks bfolkg kk hl sk på om kupp god ll dålg yh M d fls vk l ov a mag måds polsk ks å kaskj løs og a kupp bl gjomfø u a d bl løs s skudd Kupp vk så vlogas a v vl om d vklg ha fu sd, s haladsk jouals gsdba Opp l so g-bg Tygv Mllva 23 Busss as usual CMISuds Thalad kk falg kupp E m halv lv paksask l fgsl, skul HusMza Tah sa hs 1 ovmb fo dap på fø dosjsjå fo 18 å sd E bø fa ps Chals, s å hl usa 10 ulad BERGENS TIDENDE TORSDAG 21 SEPTEMBER 2006 ha fosøk å slg opply s D hmmlg g vd abudsd dokum oku sykplv m l ka Hls Sø -abud V bl ko av fl abyd som akfå lbud om ha å kjøp fo- masjo, s adms fugd S Vaal d dkø polamld Sykhus ha fohold NTB fo o å gamm uff av T-b l gu som bl a hall Oslo o på Høysda g kvld Gu sa bavog som hav sk s mo bl gag Bads a h, ms koo og som ll u ll ov vog opasjosl på sk, s d Oslo pold To Gøum sk Fø T-ba så av a am og o vv md a s, m kla kk ødbm kk å so Gu ha pp ha hodskad påda sg NTB A Saalad, Dpam of ompaav Polcs, Uvsy of Bg C Pos-coflc Elcos: Th Dvg Cass of Agola ad Mozambqu Vdhogg kapp håd(80) HASSELVIKA: faka Slk syk Nao-ldd bdaga ld ISAF-syk Afghasa p mllo (al på soldaa bygga): Ndlad 122 Nog 112,6,7 Sobaa Caada 61, 82,4 7 Damak 60, USA 40,2 2 Tysklad 33, 4 Blga 28, 8 Iala 27,5 FOTO: HEIK O JUNGE, SCAN PIX Åvaa Flykgh jlp skas mo a åvaa på d samablad av humaæ g oppgåv Afg og mlæ hasa Flykgh jlpa m sjossyka Afghas a koaluksk ha a hl ufød hu maæ oppgåv: Som Sa Ps, Dpam ofd Compaav Slosm da på y adssg Polcs, Uvsy of Bg OSLO: D hygglg å gs a Pacbuldg ad Dmocazao Sogs sa ha p Slo også fu v l å, l o Pos-wa Guamala: Assssg h ss Impac v ha skf adss Hjfo a vlkom h lg Hk Ibs ga all sam l of h Cvl-Mlay Rfoms h s d kog Ha m! Slk lald s al folkvalg l d osdag kv Guamala Pac Accods ld Slos ad E ma kapp 80 å gamml på kappsa av sg håd bd Hass g ud vdalvk Tødlag o a Rssa Søskjdd 16 sdag Ulykk -d kla slv å og ma vasl lg Ambulas og dgsh kop kom las fløy ma k l sd og pal Tod l S Olavs hoshm, mld Adssao Ska alvolg, m d mg sabl NTB lsad Vl ha jodka Kåvassla bl BER GEN: Byåd kommus ha vda om BKKs pla høgsualls ovføgs om å øk v kafl gsalgg Ma Jo dbyåd s dal po h fo ov sv på mulgmgd l føg av sø ks l ENDELIG: E bl væsall fl foskls, dlg sku MOp gå opp FOTO: SCAN PIX MOp d lg l væs OSLO: Oppsk yg av væsall dlg som MOp gkk Sall pla ba ud på v u jod s v 1 bl s Damms Ibss ga d l Hk d som kk fal lg å, o bys NTB all lk l fo Alvolg skad MC-kasj d MÅLØY: E u l moosyk g ma på 1945-d kl kolld vd o psobl på sdag md ksv 15 øy kommu Vågs- Pag 35

19 Rsach Pas Rsach Pas Afghasa Coopao fo Pac ad Uy C fo Polcy ad Dvlopm Suds Agola Co d Esudos Ivsgação Cífca (CEIC) Aga Isuo Tocao D Talla Bagladsh Th Bagladsh Isu of Dvlopm Suds Boswaa Boswaa Isu fo Dvlopm Polcy Aalyss (BIDPA) Uvsy of Boswaa, Dpam of Polcal ad Admsav Suds Caada Th Noh-Souh Isu Dmak COWI Cophag Dvlopm Cosulg A/S (CDC) Th Dash Isu fo Iaoal Suds (DIIS) Uvsy of Åhus Nodc Isu fo Asa Suds (NIAS) Nodc Cosulg Goup (NCG) Ehopa Adds Ababa Uvsy (AAU) Foum fo Socal Suds Gmay AGEG Cosulas Taspacy Iaoal - Scaa Bl Kya Isu of Polcy Aalyss ad sach (IPAR) Malaysa C fo Ecoomc Dvlopm (CEDER) Ehc Rlaos Uvsy of Malaya Malaw Uvsy of Malaw, Chacllo Collg, Zomba Mozambqu Ausal Cosuloa Pojcos Cuzo do Sul C fo h Sudy of Dmocacy ad Dvlopm, Mozambqu Namba Socal Sccs Dvso, Muldscplay Rsach C, Uvsy of Namba (SSD/UNAM) Namba Ecoomc Polcy Rsach U (NEPRU) Npal CEDA, C fo Ecoomc Dvlopm ad Admsao a Tbhuva Uvsy Noway Isu fo Rsach Ecoomcs ad Busss Admsao (SNF) Nowga Cosoum fo Dvlopm ad Evom (NODE) Nowga Isu fo Uba ad Rgoal Rsach (NIBR) Nowga Isu of Iaoal Affas, (NUPI) Nowga School of Ecoomcs ad Busss Admsao (NHH) Noagc, h Dpam of Iaoal Evom ad Dvlopm Suds a h Nowga Uvsy of Lf Sccs (UMB) Th C fo Iaoal Halh, Uvsy of Bg (CIH) Th C fo Halh ad Socal Dvlopm (HSo) Th Iaoal Pac Rsach Isu (PRIO) Th Nowga Isu fo Nau Rsach (NINA) Uvsy of Bg Uvsy of Oslo, Dpam of Mda ad Commucao Uvsy of Tomsø Th Nowga Uvsy of Scc ad Tchology (NTNU) Pals Bz Uvsy Polcy Suvy Rsach C Th Palsa Isu fo h Sudy of Dmocacy (MUWATIN) Souh Afca C fo Appld Lgal Suds, Uvsy of Wwasad Dvlopm Polcy Rsach U (DPRU), Uvsy of Cap Tow Gadua School of Publc ad Dvlopm Maagm, Uvsy of h Wwasad Isu fo Global Dalogu, Johasbug School of Govm, Uvsy of h Ws Cap S Laka Socal Scss Assocao Swd ORGUT Cosulg AB Th Nodc Afca Isu Tazaa Rsach o Povy Allvao (REPOA) Ecoomc ad Socal Rsach Foudao (ESRF) Naoal Isu of Mdcal Rsach (NIMR) Ugada Ecoomc Polcy Rsach C (EPRC) Mak Uvsy Ud Kgdom Isu fo Dvlopm Suds (IDS) Kgs Collg Ovsas Dvlopm Isu (ODI) Th Isu fo Publc Polcy Rsach Th Lodo School of Ecoomcs ad Polcal Scc (LSE) T Uvsy Collg Lodo Uvsy of Yok Zamba Uvsy of Zamba Isu ad Socal Rsach (INESOR) Zmbabw C fo Appld Socal Sccs (CASS) Uvsy of Zmbabw Rgoal Nwoks Euopa Assocao of Dvlopm Rsach ad Tag Isus (EADI) Souh Eas Afca Polcy Rsach Nwok (SEAPREN) Coucl fo h Dvlopm of Socal Scc Rsach Afca (CODESRIA) Ogasao fo Socal Scc Rsach Eas Afca (OSSREA) Th Souh Afca Dfc ad Scuy Maagm Nwok (SADSEM) Cosulav Goup o Iaoal Agculual Rsach (CGIAR) CMI Saff Maagm D Gua M Søbø (Dco) Alf Mo Jv (Dpuy Dco) Sa Hg (Had of Admsao) Povy Rduco sach goup D Esp Vllag (Rsach Dco) D Magus Halbakk Joha Hllad Eyolf Jul-Las D Iva Kolsad D Joh-Adw McNsh L Tødl Sm Ig Tvd D A Wg Publc Sco Rfom D Odd-Hlg Fjldsad (Rsach Dco) Ja Isaks Ida Ks Ldkvs Hk Lud Haald Mahs (Pojc Coodao, U4) D Oa Mæsad Aslak Jagåd O Jssca L Schulz (Pojc Coodao, U4) D Ta Sød Rghs, Dmocacy ad Dvlopm D S Glopp (Rsach Dco) D Ig Amuds Ka Ask D To Bl (o lav) D Robo Gagalla D Gsla Gsl (o lav) D S Lag D Ls Rak D Hld Slbvk D El Skaa Hugo Sokk D A Toss Vbk Wag Pac, Coflc ad h Sa D A Joh Kuds (Rsach Dco) Båd Hlg Kåv D A Sof Roald (20%) Igd Sams D A Sad D As Suhk D Ka Gøud Tll Ellg N Tjølad Lv Tøss Tou Wmplma Afflad sachs D Jakob Svso (10%) D Las Ghad Svåsad (20%) D Gau Tosvk (20%) D Bl Tugodd (20%) So Cosulas Jus Faalad (Emus) Ol Davd Koh Noby (So Advso) Sgfd Pauswag (So Advso) Ras Sama IT Sco Aksl Mjldhm (Had of IT Sco) Rob Sjus (IT Cosula/Wb Dvlop) Lbay Saff Ks Hag Ads (Had of Lbay ad Documao) Ka Hlad (Lbaa) Rdu Ljos (Lbaa) Admsav Saff Ksy Cugham (Pojc Offc, U4) Rgald Chsoph Jacob (Scay) Svahld Jss (Ca Maag) M Lby (Had of Svcs) Gu K Sgal (Accoua/Pojc Coodao) P Øyvd Svds (Woks Supvso) Hog Km Ta (Had of Accous ad Fac) Jou M Tøsdal (Admsav Scay) Chau Vuog (Ca Maag) Ifomao Igvld Hsad (Had of Ifomao) Ru Hjalma Esplad (Ifomao cosula) Ig A Nygaad (Tchcal Edo) Mass Suds Madhap Pasad Bhusal Iga Bauas Ru Hjalma Esplad Ks F Guhld Gskmo Ka Hggsad Lah Jug Hld Gaås Kjøsvd U Jy U Kvam T Lauvss Sa Ps A Saalad Th Boad of Th Ch Mchls Isu ad Th Ch Mchls Fud Igvld Glhus (Cha of h Boad), Uvsy of Bg Ea Hop (Cha of h Fud), Th Nowga School of Ecoomcs ad Busss Admsao Ja Isaks, CMI S Kuhl, Uvsy of Bg A Sad, CMI Ig Joha Sudby, Saskosul Gu K Sgal (Dpuy), CMI Pag 36 Pag 37

20 Commssod Rsach ad Cosulacs Commssod Rsach ad Cosulacs Pojc vus 2006 Iaoal 23% Oh (Nowga) 4% Nf 16% Phoos: Fo pag: Aash Njad Pag 3: Ru Hjalma Esplad Pag 4-5: Igd Sams Pag 6: Lv Tøss Pag 7: Ka Tll Pag 8: Båd Kav Pag 10: A Kuds Pag 12-13: S Glopp Pag 14: S Glopp Pag 15: Jssca Schulz Pag 17: Igvld Hsad Pag 18-19: Ol Fhjof Nohm Pag 20: Magus Halbakk Pag 22-23: S Lag Pag 24: S Lag Pag 26: S Lag Pag 28: A Sad Pag 30: Ja Isaks? Pag 31: Ksy Cugham Pag 33: Igd Sams Edo: Igvld Hsad Dsg: Iov Mfa 2% Nf Noad Mfa Noad 55% Iaoal Oh (Nowga) I 2006, CMI submd aoud 36 commssod pos covg pogamm ad pojc valuaos, backgoud suds, hmac suds, ad polcy aalyss: A aalyss of ssus ad challgs facg h Nowga-Souh Afca pashp byod 2009 A sudy of h aoal polcy dba o Afca A sudy of h Rfug Covo Rvw of Nowga ahquak asssac o Paksa, A sudy of Cha Afca ad s mplcaos fo Nowga fog ad dvlopm polcs A vw of Rgh o Play A sudy of h soco-coomc ffcs of gold mg Mal PRSP Tazaa Gowh ad dsbuo famwok fo Malaysa, Cls I 2006, CMI had 161 sach pojcs ad commssod wok fo xal cls Th oal valu of h xal pojc pofolo was 38 mllo NOK I 2006, coacs wh Noad ad h Nowga Msy of Fog Affas (MFA) psd 57% of h pojc vus CMI valus h clos laos wh h Noad ad MFA bcaus affms CMI xps o socal, coomc ad polcal ssus dvlopg cous Th pojc fudg fom h Rsach Coucl of Noway (NFR) was 16% 2006 CMI cosoldad s poso h aoal mak 23% of h oal pojc vus cam fom o-nowga soucs CMI s ma cls a Dada, Dfd, ad Sda, addo o mullaal agcs lk h Wold Bak ad h UN Th bggs sgl pojc was U4, h Ol A-coupo Rsouc C Th 2006 vu was 52 mllo NOK U4 was fudd by Noad, Dfd ad Sda U4 wll xpad 2007 Caada CIDA hav alady pldgd fudg CMI Faofvg 38, Bg PO Box 6033 Posmal 5892 Bg, Noway Tl: Fax: cm@cmo wwwcmo Pag 38