Aldersforskning Prosjektkatalog 2008

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1 Aldersforskning Prosjektkatalog 2008

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3 Innhold: WORKING LIFE AND WELFARE OF THE ELDERLY...1 AGEING AND SENIOR LIFE IN A LIFE COURSE PERSPECTIVE. THE NOVA STRATEGIC RESEARCH PLAN DEN OFFENTLIGE ELDREOMSORGENS BETYDNING FOR YRKESAKTIVITET BLANT VÅRE ELDSTE ARBEIDSTAKERE...3 TID FOR OMSORG...4 THE IMPACT OF EVERYDAY MOBILITY FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE'S WELFARE AND WELL-BEING...5 THE NORWEGIAN LIFE-COURSE, AGEING AND GENERATION PANEL STUDY...6 THE POLICY IDEAS AND PRACTICE OF ACTIVE AGEING: POLITICAL, ECONOMICAL AND CULTURAL CHALLENGES IN EUROPE...7

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5 Working life and welfare of the elderly Frischsenteret for samfunnsøkonomisk forskning Hernæs, Erik Forskningssjef Prosjektnr: / Principal objective: Build up a broader research base for ageing society issues. Sub-goals: - Improve empirical basis - Extend and bring together the scope of fields of research - Extend the networks nationally and internationally - Build up competence via doctoral and master students - Provide underpinnings for the current discussion of pension reform - Communicate result to policy makers and also a broader audience - Produce high quality research Building on previous and current research in the Frisch Centre, the project entails a simultaneous study of push and pull factors on the retirement decisions, including potential pension, labour market opportunities, work-place conditions, and health status. The interaction between health, work and retirement is investigated using longitudinal register data covering a 10-year period, supplemented with in-depth survey data linked to register data. This part is a joint effort of the Frisch Centre and NOVA. Cross-generational income distribution is studies, along with the impact from policy changes in the tax and pension rules. Furthermore, wage formation and savings behaviour, and the interaction between the public pension system, occupation based pension systems and wage formation and structure are investigated. This includes regulatory issues in defined contributions pension systems. Special emphasis will be placed on efficiency and equity issues. The transfer of risk from employer to employee and across generations, following a shift from defined contribution to defined benefit systems will also be investigated. Resource utilisation in the provision of long-term care for the elderly will be conducted, based on previous research at the Frisch Centre, and longitudinal studies of types of care and health trajectories. 1

6 Ageing and senior life in a life course perspective. The NOVA strategic research plan Norsk institutt for forskning om oppvekst, velferd og aldring (NOVA) Slagsvold, Britt Forskningsleder Prosjektnr: / To improve the data foundation for Norwegian ageing research by establishing a broad longitudinal data base on ageing - make the data accessible for the research society - co-operation with different research groups in Norway - To develop knowledge and theory for a better understanding of ageing in local contexts and to inform the continuous development of policies and practices - publications - seminars - To develop competence in ageing research by - recruitment of master and doctor students - co-operation with studies abroad on analyses of comparative data - regular work-shops - Two seminars with international experts on relevant methods and theory The proposed project will seek to strengthen the competence in ageing research by tying competence building to a longitudinal study "the Norwegian Life Course, Ageing and Generation Study" (norlag). The core question is how ageing and older years are shaped by life course experiences and local contexts. The study will explore the conditions for quality of life in late adulthood, examine societal responsiveness to an ageing population, and provide knowledge for sustainable policies. norlag is based on a stratified random sample of the population aged 40 and over in 30 municipalities (N=5600). The first wave of data collection takes place in 2002, and is funded by the Research Council of Norway. New waves are planned for every fifth year. The proposal involves analysis of data from wave one. The study is based on partnerships with Statistics Norway and three academic institutions; Ageing Research Centre in Tromsø, and the University Colleges of Agder and Nord-Trøndelag. The research is organised around four topics: (1) Work and retirement, (2) Families and intergenerational relationships, (3) Coping, mental health, and quality of life, and (4) Long-term care and service systems. Instruments are selected to allow international comparisons with other ageing studies. 2

7 Den offentlige eldreomsorgens betydning for yrkesaktivitet blant våre eldste arbeidstakere Fafo,Forskningsstiftelsen Gautun, Heidi Forsker Prosjektnr: /S ) Å undersøke i hvilken grad yrkesaktivitet blant personer i alderen 55 til 65 år er betinget av offentlige tjenester til deres foreldre eller ektefelle, og i hvilken grad framtidige velferdsordninger rettet mot eldreomsorg kan påvirke deres yrkesaktivitet. 2) Å undersøke hvordan dagens 35 til 45 åringer tenker at de vil/må kombinere omsorgsoppgaver og yrkesaktivitet, og hvordan de anser det som ønskelig å kombinere disse. Disse holdningsmønstrene skal gi kunnskap for å tilpasse tjenesteapparatet til den generasjonen som får foreldre i omsorgstrengende alder om 20 år. 3) Problemstillingene skal sees i et komparativt perspektiv med England og Spania som komparative case. I prosjektet setter vi fokus på sammenhengen mellom offentlige pleie- og omsorgstjenester til de aller eldste og arbeidsmarkedsadferd til generasjonen under. Følgende problemstillinger vil bli undersøkt: I hvilken grad er yrkesaktivitet blant personer i alderen 55 til 65 år, betinget av offentlige tjenester til deres foreldre eller ektefelle. Og i hvilken grad kan framtidige velferdsordninger rettet mot eldreomsorg påvirke deres yrkesaktivitet? Per i dag er det ikke gjennomført noen undersøkelser i Norge som kartlegger disse sammenhengende. Om 20 år vil det komme en kraftig vekst i antallet eldre over 80 år. Kvinner og menn som får omsorgstrengende foreldre vil være mer moderne. Vi vil derfor også undersøke hvordan dagens 35 til 45 åringer tenker at de vil/må kombinere omsorgsoppgaver med yrkesaktivitet. Samt hvilke offentlige tjenester og ordninger de oppfatter som nødvendig for å klare å utføre forpliktelser/ønsker de opplever å ha i forhold til det å ta omsorg for gamle foreldre og å være yrkesaktiv. Prosjektet vil gjennomføres ved hjelp av tre datakilder. For det første ved å analysere foreliggende registerdata, over hele den norske befolkning. For det andre ved å gjennomføre en spesialdesignet surveyundersøkelse i representative utvalg i aktuelle kohorter. I tillegg vil det bli gjennomført en litteraturstudie i Spania og England for å se nærmere på hvilke rammer velferdsstaten med sine ytelser og tjenester setter for yrkesaktivitet i den nest eldste generasjonen i familien. En slik sammenligning kan bidra til en bedre forståelse av det norske tilfellet. 3

8 Tid for omsorg Norsk institutt for forskning om oppvekst, velferd, og aldring (NOVA) Daatland, Svein Olav Forsker Prosjektnr: /S Kommunale pleie- og omsorgstjenester er i rask endring, og reformer blir innført uten forskningsbasert kunnskap om konsekvenser. Sentralt i reformbølgen står ulike former for delt forvaltning - forvaltning og drift skilles i henhold til en bestiller-utfører-modell (BUM). Hovedmålet for prosjektet er å studere overgangen fra samlet til delt forvaltning, med vekt på om reformene bidrar til god prioritering av tidsbruk og en bedre balanse mellom effektiv ressursbruk, rettferdig fordeling og pålitelighet. Delmålene er (1) å identifisere og beskrive ulike versjoner av BUM, (2) analysere hvilke mål, motiver og kunnskaper kommunene legger til grunn for å innføre delt forvaltning, og (3) analysere konsekvenser av BUM sett fra ulike administrative posisjoner og fra ansatte og brukere/pårørende. Hensikten med prosjektet er blant annet å gi politikere og forvaltning et bedre beslutningsgrunnlag og å bidra til forståelsen av velferdsstatens utvikling i land med en aldrende befolkning. Pleie- og omsorgstjenestene står overfor store utfordringer. Kommunene søker å møte disse ved dels å sette inn mer ressurser og dels ved å organisere seg slik at de får mer ut av ressursene. Omstillingstakten er stor, men mange kommuner ser ut til å innføre nye forvaltningsformer uten forskningsbasert dokumentasjon. Sentralt i reformarbeidet står en overgang fra en samlet hierarkisk forvaltning til en delt forvaltning mellom en sentral enhet som vurderer behov og tildeler tjenester (bestiller) og lokale resultatenheter som leverer tjenestene (utfører) - en bestiller-utfører-modell (BUM). Prosjektet vil identifisere og beskrive hvilke varianter av BUM som blir etablert i norske kommuner/bydeler, motivene for innføringen av BUM og konsekvenser for administrasjon, brukere og ansatte. Data blir innsamlet fra de 30 kommuner og bydeler som inngår i NOVAs NorLAG-studie. Datagrunnlaget baseres på intervjuer med nøkkelinformanter i kommunene (om organisering, filosofi og drift) og på foreliggende statistikk om ressursbruk. Ny informasjon hentes inn via et e-postbasert spørreskjema blant ledere og mellomledere i de 30 kommunene/bydelene om tidsbruk, organisering og motiver bak den valgte modellen. Materialet suppleres med SSBs kommunestatistikk (KOSTRA) som gir data for å sammenlikne ressursbruken under ulike organisasjonsmodeller, samt før og etter en kommune har innført BUM, og dessuten med data fra Statens helsetilsyns brukerundersøkelse (2003) der de 30 NorLAG-kommunene inngår. Blant NorLagkommunene/bydelene vil det dessuten velges ut 3 kommuner/bydeler som har etablert BUM eller er i ferd med å gjøre det. Her vil et mer inngående kvalitativt datamateriale innsamles fra ledere, ansatte og brukere (basert på kvalitative intervjuer, fokusgruppesesjoner, mv). Prosjektet har en komparativ karakter ved at det sammenligner forskjellige kommuner/bydeler, og prosjektet vil dessuten samarbeide med nordiske studier som analyserer de samme problemstillinger. 4

9 The Impact of Everyday Mobility for Elderly People's Welfare and Wellbeing Transportøkonomisk institutt (TØI) Hjorthol, Randi Johanne Forskningsleder Prosjektnr: /S The aim of this research project is to increase the understanding of and to fill a knowledge gap concerning elderly people's everyday mobility in the transport system and its impact on their welfare, well-being and quality of life. It includes the following sub-goals: 1) Examine and compare the development of travel activity and mobility patterns of different groups of elderly people in Norway, Denmark and Sweden. Identify main segments. 2) Identify mobility obstacles and possibilities for travelling in different life stages and in different social, geographical and cultural contexts based on studies in the three countries. 3) Examine the relation between mobility and well-being and welfare for different groups of elderly people in the three countries to identify requests and requirement for policy action. 4) Carry out a nationwide survey in Norway to give a comprehensive picture of elderly people's mobility and wellbeing. 5) Evaluate measures to increase elderly people's mobility. Previous research has shown that mobility and the ability to leave the home are among the essential aspects of the quality of life of elderly people. Despite a general consensus that there is a relationship between mobility and well-being of older people, the research evidence is scattered and scarce. The increased ageing of the population will be important also related to daily mobility and the transport system. Most of the Norwegian population over 65 years will have a driving licence in Improved health conditions among many elderly and increased access to cars make a basis for more varied activities and extended travelling than previous elderly groups. However, a large proportion of the new generation of elderly will belong to those 80 years of age and older, who today has problems related to travelling. A majority of them will be women. This proposal responds to a deficiency of empirically based research on mobility and the impact on elderly people's wellbeing and welfare. We will (i) examine the development of daily travel and mobility in different groups of elderly people, ( ii )study the relation between mobility and well-being/welfare for elderly people in different contexts and ( iii ) examine and evaluate measures to improve the independency of mobility and transport among elderly persons. The project has a comparative perspective and the geographical context is Norway, Sweden and Denmark, which will enable studies of both similarities and to detect differences that will have policy interest. The project will use available survey data and carry out focus group studies in the three countries, do a nationwide survey in Norway, and evaluation studies in Norway and Sweden. The projects will be organized in seven Work Packages. A Ph.D student will be part of the project. Results will be published as articles in refereed journals, research reports and a synthesis report, together with presentations in popular publications, at seminars and conferences. 5

10 The Norwegian Life-course, Ageing and Generation Panel Study Norsk institutt for forskning om oppvekst, velferd, og aldring (NOVA) Slagsvold, Britt Forskningsleder Prosjektnr: /S The primary objective is to build new knowledge on variability in ageing patterns by use of a unique data set, NorLAG. Secondary, more specific objectives are; (1) to describe variation in health and well-being, potential for family care, and social participation in later life, and to identify contextual factors, from macro to micro- level, (2) to contribute to the national and international research discourse on variability, stability and change in ageing patterns via refereed scientific publications; (3) to communicate findings to policy-makers, planners and practitioners through reports, seminars, discussions and consultations; (4) to use work on NorLAG as an avenue for national and international researchers into the field of ageing; and (5) to stimulate interest in Norwegian patterns of ageing, nationally and internationally, through workshops and seminars. Population ageing presents both opportunities and constraints. Maximising quality of life entails finding optimal fit between individual ageing and social environment. The growing population of older adults is likely to be increasingly heterogeneous, and their life situations more diverse. This project seeks to make optimal use of a unique data set, NorLAG, in order to produce new knowledge on variability in ageing patterns. The main focus is on variability in older people's social participation, health and well-being, and how it can be accounted for. A key issue is the significance of context on different levels for participation, health and well-being. Research is organised under three themes: (1) Community setting and social integration (2) Mental health and well-being (3) Health and health behaviour. The multifaceted program is based on the first two waves of the NorLAG Panel Study, which is the first longitudinal ageing study of some format in Norway. The first data collection (NorLAG-1) was carried out in (n=5589, aged 40-79). The second wave (NorLAG-2) is carried out in , and establishes a five year panel, with a set of new cohorts and age groups in wave 2. NorLAG includes many internationally validated instruments as well as measures specifically developed for this study. Thus, it allows comparative and country-specific analyses. Data on communities and rich information on individuals make it possible to examine the role of different contexts for life outcomes. Longitudinal data enable analyses to disentangle age and cohort effects. The project includes a set of meetings to stimulate national and international discussion. A goal is to combine high-class international publishing with dissemination of knowledge needed to develop policies and practices for an ageing society. 6

11 The Policy Ideas and Practice of Active Ageing: Political, Economical and Cultural Challenges in Europe UNIFOB AS, Universitetsforskning Bergen Ervik, Rune Forsker Prosjektnr: /S The main goal of this project is to increase understanding of the ideas and practice of ageing policy in Norway and European comparative perspective. Our inquiry will contain the following sub-goals: Firstly, we will clarify the normative content of various ageing policy ideas in order to enhance knowledge on how ageing policies are justified. Secondly, the project will unlock the politics of ageing to better understand the political struggles and basis for consensus within this area. Thirdly, the project will scrutinize the role of welfare commissions in ageing politics and the making of ageing policy in different countries. This project will explore and analyse the tension between the conceptualisations and policy ideas of active ageing and the practice of policies implemented at different organisational levels and in European comparative perspective. Thus, we will follow the concepts on ageing and active ageing from the ideational level to the practice of ageing policies, and from the international and macro level, to the national- and the institutional meso-level of ageing policies. The project analyses actors and their ideas, the politics of ageing and national policy formation. The project will apply various research methods, including qualitative analysis of policy documents, interviews with policy makers and other key stakeholders. A comparative method is applied at diverse levels in contrasting policy ideas, and European states and their policies. 7