PERSPEKTIVER PÅ TAREDYRKING I NORGE Dialogmøte om integrert havbruk, Fiskeridirektoratet 15.januar 2019 Jorunn Skjermo, Silje Forbord, Ole Jacob Broch og Aleksander Handå, SINTEF Ocean
Innhold Norge og perspektiver Dyrkingsarealer IMTA 2
Taredyrkere i Norge Barents Seaweed Arctic Seaweed Lofoten Esca Verno Akvatik Folla Alger Eukaryo Salten Seaweed Polaralge SES (Seaweed Energy Solutions) Leica Bogestilla/Algefabrikken Seaforest Tango Seaweed Seaweed AS Hortimare Algetun Ocean Forest Hardanger Seaweed Farm Austevoll Seaweed Farm FoU-miljøer (dyrking) Akvaplan-niva NIBIO and GIFAS Val Videregående Skole (opplæring) SINTEF NTNU Møreforsking Norges Vel PE Reefs Seaweed Production Norway Seaweed ~145 tonn biomasse/0.7 mill NOK i 2017 UiO, UiB, Niva, IMR (ecology)
Biomasseproduksjonen Norge "can't resist" Hav, sollys og CO 2 som eneste innsatsfaktorer Hurtig vekst og stor produksjon 4
Verdiskaping fra tang og tare i 2050 40 MRD NOK Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskap (DKNVS) og Norges Tekniske Vitenskapsakademi (NTVA). ISBN 978-82-7719-074-3 20 Mill tonn 1,1 0,2 8 MRD NOK 4 Mill tonn 2010 2030 2050 5
Råstoff for mange produkter: Mat og medisin Fôr-ingredienser Bio-kjemikalier Gjødsel og plantevernmidler Bioenergi 6
Utfordring nr 1? Bioraffineri må utvikles for å øke verdien av råstoffet Component Content Price Value [% of dw, June] [ /kg] [ /ton dw] Alginate 28 6 1 680 Laminaran 2 5 100 Mannitol 10 1 100 Fucoidan 5 50 2 500 Cellulose 5 Protein 13 1,5 195 Polyphenols 2,5 50 1 250 Fucoxanthin 0,2 300 600 Minerals 34 0,1 34 Total ~6 500 Possible value from 1 ton (dw) sugar kelp. Ref: Inga Marie Aasen, SINTEF Industry
8 Råstoff
9 The Norwegian Seaweed Biorefinery Platform
Norwegian Seaweed Technolgy Center (NSTTT) SINTEF Ocean SINTEF Industry NTNU Department of Biology NTNU Department of Biotechnology and Food Science NSTTT Norsk senter for tang- og tareteknologi
Sukkertare (Saccharina latissima) 11 93% av dyrket tare i Norge i 2017
The Saccharina cultivation-calender vector seeding June - October October - January August ----------- January September ---------- February May Sorus induction Natural sorus available Seeding of cultivation rope Place seedlings in sea Harvest 12
The Saccharina cultivation-calender direct seeding June - October October - January September --------------------------------------------- February May Sorus induction Natural sorus available Tumbling culture or gametophyte culture Direct seeding and placing in sea Harvest 13
Butare (Alaria esculenta) 14 ~7% av dyrket tare i Norge i 2017
The Alaria cultivation-calender April ----------- June April ---------------------------- August ----------- January September ---------- February May Spores available Cultivation of gametophytes Seeding of cultivation rope Place seedlings in sea Harvest 15
Styrt dyrking av kimplanter 16
17 Image analysis for automized growth monitoring
Kort høstesesong forutsetter relevant konservering og lagring June Mai August 18
TAREDYRKINGSFARTØY2020 19 "The world's first specialized vessel concept for industrial seaweed cultivation"
Søl (Palmaria palmata) 20 23.04.2018 29.05.2018 13.06.2018 Cultivation trial outside Frøya, Trøndelag, 2018.
Gode arealer for dyrking av tare i Norge 21 Broch OJ, Skjermo, J, Handå A 2016. Potensialet for storskala dyrking av makroalger i Møre og Romsdal. Møre og Romsdal Fylkeskommune Broch OJ, Tiller, R, Skjermo, J, Handå A 2017. Potensialet for dirking av makroalger I Trøndelag. Trøndelag Fylkeskommune
Good areas NITRATE 22 Outside shelf vs coastal areas and fjords: Higher nutrients concentrations Longer periods with high concentrations More stable temperatures TEMPERATURE Broch OJ, Skjermo, J, Handå A 2016. Potensialet for storskala dyrking av makroalger i Møre og Romsdal. Møre og Romsdal Fylkeskommune
Gode dyrkingsarealer innenfor grunnlinja 23 Broch OJ, Skjermo, J, Handå A 2016. Potensialet for storskala dyrking av makroalger i Møre og Romsdal. Møre og Romsdal Fylkeskommune
25% beste dyrkingsområder innenfor grunnlinja, minus konflikt-områder: 990 km 2 non-conflict area 40 Total possible kelp production of 3,5 to 7 mill tons year -1 ~1000 tons CO 2 -uptake 20 1,1 0,2 8 4 2010 2030 2050 24 Broch OJ, Skjermo, J, Handå A 2016. Potensialet for storskala dyrking av makroalger i Møre og Romsdal. Møre og Romsdal Fylkeskommune
Modellsimuleringer og dyrkingsforsøk Broch OJ, Alver MO, Bekkby T, Gundersen H, Forbord S, Handå A, Skjermo J, Hancke K. 2019. The Kelp cultivation potential in coastal and offshore regions of Norway. Accepted for publication in Frontiers in Marine Science 5:418. 25 The present research is a contribution to the KELLPRO (pnr 267536) and MACROSEA (pnr. 254883) projects funded by the Research Council of Norway. Data from cultivation trials in PROMAC (prn. 244244, also funded by RCN).
Taredyrking langs Norskekysten Broch OJ, Alver MO, Bekkby T, Gundersen H, Forbord S, Handå A, Skjermo J, Hancke K. 2019. The Kelp cultivation potential in coastal and offshore regions of Norway. Accepted for publication in Frontiers in Marine Science 5:418. 26 The present research is a contribution to the KELLPRO (pnr 267536) and MACROSEA (pnr. 254883) projects funded by the Research Council of Norway. Data from cultivation trials in PROMAC (prn. 244244, also funded by RCN).
27 Konkurransefortrinn i Norge
28 Utfordringer og konflikter
Høyt jodinnhold i tare UNICEF, WHO: 150 µg jod per dag 32 mg sukkertare (tørrvekt) 283 mg butare (tørrvekt) 2149 mg søl (tørrvekt) EFSA: 600 µg jod per dag 128 mg sukkertare (tørrvekt) 1132 mg butare (tørrvekt) 8596 mg søl (tørrvekt) Iodine contents (µg g 1 dw) Roleda, 29 M., Skjermo, J., Marfaing, H., Jonsdottir, R., Rebours, C., Gietl, A., Nitschke, U., Stengel, D. 2018. Iodine content in bulk biomass of wild-harvested and cultivated edible seaweeds: Inherent variations determine species-specific daily allowable consumption. Food Chemistry 254, 333-339. The present research is a contribution to the in PROMAC (prn. 244244) project funded by the Research Council of Norway.
Seaweeds Globally: Origin: 30.5 mill tons/11.7 bill USD (FAO 2017) Cultivated Wild harvest China Indonesia Philippines Korea Rep Korea DP Rep Japan Malaysia Zansibar Other 3 % 97 % 0.7% of global Globally 29.4 tons cultivated 1.1 tons wild harvested Europe 228 000 tons 99.8% wild harvested 30 46% of all marine aquaculture
Resources in Salmon-driven IMTA Feed nutrients (100% N) (100% P) Fish nutrients (N 40-43%) (P 24-35%) Dissolved nutrients ( 39-45% N) ( 21-24% P) Particulate nutrients ( 15% N) ( 44% P) Wang X, Andresen K, Handå A, Jensen B, Reitan KI, Olsen Y 2013. Chemical composition of feed, fish and faeces as input to mass balance estimation of biogeneic waste discharge from an Atlantic salmon farm with an evaluation of IMTA feasibility. Aquaculture Environment Interactions 4, 147-162. The present research is a contribution to the MACROBIOMASS (pnr 199391) project funded by the Research Council of Norway.
Modellering av biomasseproduksjon og bioremediering i IMTA (laks og sukkertare) Utsett-tidspunkt stor betydning Sesongmessig "mis-match" mellom N-utslipp og biomassevekst i Vest- og Midt- Norge Nord-Norge? Broch OJ, Ellingsen I, Forbord S, Wang X, Volent Z, Alver MO, Handå A, Andresen K, Slagstad D, Reita, KI, Olsen Y, Skjermo J. 2013. Modelling the cultivation and bioremediation potential of the kelp Saccharina latissima in close proximity to an exposed salmon farm in Norway. Aquaculture Environment Interactions 4, 187-206. Handå A, Forbord S, Wang X, Broch OJ, Dahle SW, Størseth TR, Reitan KI, Olsen Y, Skjermo J. 2013. Seasonal- and depth-dependent growth of cultivated kelp (Saccharina latissima) inclose proximity to salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture in Norway. Aquaculture 414-415, 191-201. 32 The present research is a contribution to the INTEGRATE (pnr. 173527), MACROBIOMASS (pnr 199391) and EXPLOIT (pnr 216201) projects funded by the Research Council of Norway.
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Vekst (lengde) av sukkertare (Saccharina latissima) i IMTA 34 Fossberg J, Forbord S, Broch OJ, Malzahn A, Jansen H, Førde H, Bergvik M, Handå A, Skjermo J, Leonczek AL, Olsen Y. 2018. The Potential for Upscaling Kelp (Saccharina latissima) Cultivation in Salmon-Driven Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). Frontiers in Marine Science 5:418. The present research is a contribution to the EXPLOIT (pnr 216201) and MACROSEA (pnr. 254883) projects funded by the Research Council of Norway.
Ammonium-konsentrasjon rundt oppdrettsanlegg (laks) i april og september 35 Jansen HM, Broch OJ, Bannister R, Cranford P, Handå A, Husa V, Jiang Z, Strohmeier T, Strand Ø. 2018. Spatio-temporal dynamics in the dissolved nutrient waste plume from Norwegian salmon cage aquaculture. Aquaculture Environment Interactions 10, 385-399. The present research is a contribution to the EXPLOIT (pnr 216201) project funded by the Research Council of Norway.
Økt biomasseproduksjon (%) av sukkertare (Saccharina latissima) dyrket i IMTA 36 Fossberg J, Forbord S, Broch OJ, Malzahn A, Jansen H, Førde H, Bergvik M, Handå A, Skjermo J, Leonczek AL, Olsen Y. 2018. The Potential for Upscaling Kelp (Saccharina latissima) Cultivation in Salmon-Driven Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA). Frontiers in Marine Science 5:418. The present research is a contribution to the EXPLOIT (pnr 216201) and MACROSEA (pnr. 254883) projects funded by the Research Council of Norway.
Conclusions salmon-driven IMTA Enhanced utilization of the feed resources used in salmon farming: More biomass Increased seaweed biomass production in IMTA (100-1000 m from salmon cages) compared to monoculture farms Faster removal of nutrients and CO 2 from recipient area Better utilization of farm area Rapid dilution of nutrients NB! Need for optimised design of IMTA-facility 37 Valuation of IMTA: A 20-30 % increase in biomass or N uptake should be considered a reasonable positive effect of IMTA
Climatic impact of seaweed cultivation Coastal farming: Biomass production 7.500 tons pr km 2 CO 2 -uptake 1.500 tons pr km 2 Offshore farming: Biomass production 20.000 tons pr km 2 CO 2 -uptake 3.000 tons pr km 2 39 From Broch et al., 2016. "Potensialet for storskala dyrking av makroalger i Møre og Romsdal"
Taredyrking som klimatiltak? Erstatte produkter basert på fossile råstoffer Biodrivstoff Bioplast Erstatte landbasert biomasse produsert under mindre klimavennlige betingelser Proteinkonsentrat (+ 1-2 høykost produkter) La den synke til bunns for sedimentering Kvoter for blått karbon fra taredyrking? Krause-Jensen et al. 2018. Sequestration of macroalgal carbon. The elephant in the Blue Carbon room. Biology Letters. 40
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