vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dh dy;k.kdkjh uhfr,oa dk;zøe % gfj;k.kk jkt; dk,d v/;;u

Transkript

1 la{ksfidk vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa dh dy;k.kdkjh uhfr,oa dk;zøe % gfj;k.kk jkt; dk,d v/;;u Hkkjr,d dy;k.kdkjh jkt; gs tks lkeku; :i ls vius lhkh ukxfjdk vksj fo'ks"k :i ls lekt ds detksj oxksza ds dy;k.k ds fy, opuc) gsa Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dh izlrkouk] mle of.kzr jkt;&uhfr ds funsz'kd fl)kur] ewyhkwr vf/kdkj vksj 38] 39 vksj 46 tsls fof'k"v vuqpnsn tudy;k.k ds izfr jkt; dh opuc)rk ds izek.k g A oklro e ] dy;k.k dk vfkz nku&iq.; ls ug gsa vkjehk e dy;k.k dk;zøek dk mís'; dqn cqfu;knh rfkk iquokzl lsok,a miyc/k djkuk FkkA finys dbz o"kksza ls dy;k.k dk;zøek dks ykxw djus e vfhkj{kkred,oa mipkjkred n`f"vdks.k viukus dh ctk, mug fodklkred cukus ij cy fn;k tk jgk gsa bu dk;zøek dk mís'; vuqlwfpr tutkfr;k ] vu; finm+s oxksza o detksj oxksza dks lkekftd U;k; iznku djuk gsa Hkkjr ds lkekftd U;k;,oa vf/kdkfjrk ea=ky; us jk"vªh; rfkk jkt; Lrj ij dbz ;kstuk,a 'kq: dh g vksj mug fj;k;rs nh g A lkeku; cksypky dh Hkk"kk e dy;k.kdkjh jkt; og jkt; gksrk gs tks ukxfjdk ds dy;k.k ds fy, dk;z djrk gs rfkk izr;sd O;fDr ds fgrk dk /;ku j[krk gsa dy;k.kdkjh jkt; O;fDr ds lelr thou ds fodkl ds fy, mfpr okrkoj.k isnk djrk gs rfkk vius izr;sd dk;z dks

2 lekt lsok e yxkrk gsa blls O;fDr ds O;fDrRo dk fodkl gksrk gs rfkk mldk lelr thou vkuune;h cu tkrk gsa lafo/kku dh /kkjk 341 ds v/khu finm+s oxksza@leqnk;k dks tks vli`';rk,oa lkekftd v;ksx;rkvk ds f'kdkj Fks] mudks vuqlwfpr tkfr?kksf"kr fd;k x;ka lafo/kku ds ykxw gksus ds i'pkr] Hkkjr ds jk"vªifr }kjk vuqlwfpr tkfr;k dks lwfp lafo/kku ¼vuqlwfpr tkfr½ vkns'k 1950 ds vurxzr fokkfir fd;k x;k gsa lafo/kku e vuqlwfpr tkfr;k,oa vuqlwfpr tutkfr;k,oa vu; detksj oxksza ds fy, fo'ks"k rksj ij vfkok ukxfjd :i ls muds vf/kdkjk dks eku;rk nsdj muds 'ksf{kd,oa vkffkzd fgrk dk fodkl djus,oa mudh lkekftd v;ksx;rk dks nwj djus gsrq lqj{kk,a iznku dh xbz g A vuqpnsn 16 & Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds vuqpnsn 16 ds }kjk jkt; ds v/khu uksdfj;k e lcdks volj dh lekurk nsus dh ckr dgh xbz gsa vuqpnsn 17 & e NqvkNwr dks lekir djus gq, dgk x;k gs fd ;fn vli`';rk ;k blds fdlh Hkh :i dk dksbz iz;ksx djrk gs ;k izpkfjr djrk gs rks mls dkuwu ds vuqlkj n.m fn;k tk,xka vuqpnsn 25 & lafo/kku ds }kjk lhkh ukxfjdk dks /kez dh LorU=rk iznku dh gsa 2

3 vuqpnsn 29 & lafo/kku ds vuqpnsn 29 ds }kjk lhkh ukxfjdkdks lkald`frd rfkk 'ks{kf.kd vf/kdkj izkir g A vuqpnsn 46 & bl ckr dh?kks"k.kk djrk gs fd jkt;] turk dks nqczy oxksza fo'ks"kr;k vuqlwfpr tkfr;k rfkk vuqlwfpr tutkfr;k dh f'k{kk rfkk vfkz lecu/kh fgrk dh fo'ks"k lko/kkuh ls vfhko`f) djsxk rfkk lkekftd vu;k;,oa lc izdkj ds 'kks"k.k ls mudh j{kk djsxka vuqpnsn 275¼1½ ;g micfu/kr djrk gs fd vuqpnsn tkfr,oa tutkfr;k ds dy;k.k dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, jkt; vuqnku nsxka vuqpnsn 338,oa 340 e vuqlwfpr tkfr;k ] tutkfr;k,oa finm+s oxksza dh n'kkvk ds vuos"k.k ds fy, vk;ksx dh fu;qfdr dk izko/kku fd;k x;k gsa vuqpnsn 340 vksj 332 e yksdlhkk rfkk jkt;k dh fo/kkulhkkvk e vuqlwfpr tkfr;k rfkk vuqlwfpr tutkfr;k ds fy, LFkku vkjf{kr djus dk izko/kku gsa vuqpnsn 344&335 e vuqlwfpr tkfr;k,oa vuqlwfpr tutkfr;kdks lkoztfud uksdfj;k e lsokvk vksj ink ds fy, vkj{k.k,oa nkokdk izko/kku gsa gfj;k.kk e vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fuxe dh LFkkiuk 2 tuojh] 1971 dks viuh vf/kfu;e 1956 ds vurxzr gfj;k.kk jkt; 3

4 vuqlwfpr tkfr ds O;fDr;k ds vkffkzd,oa lkekftd mrfkku ds fy, 2 djksm+ #i;s dh vf/kd`r fgllk iwath ls dh xbz Fkh tks vc c<+kdj 40 djksm+ #i;s dj nh xbz gsa bl fu;e dks 49 izfr'kr va'k iwath dsunz ljdkj ls rfkk 51 izfr'kr va'k iwath jkt; ls izkir gksrh gsa uhfr;ka,oa dk;zøe ¼d½ jkt; Iyku Ldhe 1- vuqlwfpr tkfr;k ds fy, edku vuqnku ;kstuka 2- bfunjk xka/kh fiz;n'kzuh fookg 'kxqu ;kstuka 3- vkbz-,-,l- rfkk mpp lsokvk dh izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kkvk dh rs;kjh gsrq dksfpax ds fy, vuqlwfpr tkfr rfkk finm+s oxz ds meeh}kjk dks izkbzosv izfl) lalfkkvk ls izf'k{k.k dksfpax ;kstuka 4- MkW- vecsmdj es/kkoh Nk= ;kstuka 5- Vijhokl,oa foeqdr tkfr;k ds fy, edku fuekz.k ;kstuka 6- vuqlwfpr tkfr ds 6&8 d{kk e i<+us okys Nk=k dks Nk=o`fÙkA 7-6&12o d{kkvk e i<+us okys Nk=k dks iqlrd,oa LVs'kujh iznku djuka 8- vuqlwfpr tkfr ds ikslv esfvªd rfkk ikslv xzstq,v d{kkvk e izfke Js.kh izkir djus okys Nk=k dks iqjldkj nsus dh ;kstuka 9- vuqlwfpr tkfr ds es/kkoh xzkeh.k Nk=k ds 'ks{kf.kd Lrj dks lq/kkjus gsrq 'kgjh {ks=k e eq r vkoklh; lqfo/kk iznku djus dh LdheA 4

5 10- vuqlwfpr tkfr dh efgykvk rfkk xjhc ym+fd;kdks flykbz izf'k{k.k ;kstuka ¼[k½ dsunzh; izk;ksftr Ldhe 1- vlopn dk;ksza vfkkzr~ 'kq"d 'kkspky;k dh lqkbz djuk] pem+k jaxuk] [kky mrkjuk lecu/kh dk;ksza e yxs gq, O;fDr;k ds cppk dks iwoz esfvªd Nk=o`fÙk ;kstuka 2- vuqlwfpr tkfr ds Nk= rfkk Nk=kvk ds fy, Nk=kokl LFkkfir djuka 3- iwoz ijh{kk izf'k{k.k dsunzk e vuqlwfpr tkfr ds cppk dks VkbZi rfkk 'kkvzgs.m dk izf'k{k.k nsuka 4- Hkkjr ljdkj dh ^ikslv esfvªd LdkWyjf'ki ;kstuk*] vuqlwfpr tkfr ds Nk=&Nk=kvk ds fy,a 5- ^ih-lh-vkj-,dv 1955* rfkk vuqlwfpr tkfr rfkk vuqlwfpr tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fuokj.k½ vf/kfu;e 1989 ds ifjikyu gsrq e'khujh ds vurxzr Ldhe A ¼d½ dkuwuh lgk;rk Ldhe ¼[k½ vurtkzrh; fookg ;kstuk ¼x½ NqvkNwr Nwj djus gsrq fmcsvl] lsfeukj] iapk;rk dks iqjldkj rfkk Ldhek dk izpkja ¼?k½ vr;kpkjk ls ihfm+r O;fDr;k dks foùkh; lgk;rk ;kstuka 5

6 ¼x½ ukwu Iyku Ldhe 1- vuqlwfpr tkfr ds Nk=&Nk=kvk ds fy, esfjv Ldksyjf'ki Ldhe 2- jkt; vuqlwfpr tkfr ¼'kSf{kd½ dy;k.k Ldhe ds vurxzr ¼Ldwy Lrj½ 9&12o d{kk rd Nk=o`fÙk ;kstuka 3- vuqlwfpr tkfr ds Nk=k dks iqlrd rfkk ys[ku lkexzh [kjhnus ds fy, C;kt jfgr ;kstuka 4-2 /kkfezd ds vuqnku ;kstuk 5- foeqdr tkfr ds Nk=k ds fy, thun e LFkkfir Nk=koklA vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx ds Hkh dqn ls)kfurd vk/kkj gksrs g ] tks fueu izdkj ls g & 1- mís';k o dk;ksza dh Li"VrkA 2- cnyrh t:jrk,oa le; ds vuqlkj ifjorzu'khyrk rfkk xfr'khyrka 3- laxbu ds fl)kurk,oa eku;rkvk ds vuq:ia 4- dkfezd iz.kkyh e rkfddrk ;ksx;rk] bzekunkjh o larqf"v dk lkaetl;a 5- laosnu'khyrk] yksdrkaf=d ewy; o ekuo lsok dh Hkkouk ls vksr&izksra 6- vf/kd ls vf/kd yksd leidz dh izo`fùka vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k dh uhfr;k,oa dk;zøek dks fø;kfuor 6

7 djus ds fy, Hkkjr e dsunzh;] jkt;] ftyk,oa mlds fupys Lrjk rd vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx ds fofhkuu laxbu] dk;kzy;,oa vfhkdj.k dk;zjr g A orzeku 'kks/k e vuqlwfpr tkfr;k,oa finm+s oxz dy;k.k fohkkx ds laxbukred,oa dk;kzred igyw dk laf{kir v/;;u fd;k x;k gsa rri'pkr~ blh n`f"v ls gfj;k.kk ds vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx ls tqm+s fohkkxk ] funs'kky;k ] dk;kzy;k,oa vfhkdj.kk dk fo"kn~ v/;;u fd;k x;k gsa gfj;k.kk ds vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx ls tqm+s gq, finm+s oxz funs'kky;,oa {ks=h; veys e la;qdr funs'kd o vu; in g tks fd in,oa nkf;ro dh n`f"v ls cgqr egùoiw.kz g ] fdurq dbz in vlfkkbz izd`fr ds g ftu ij dk;zjr dfez;k e vlarks"k ik;k x;ka,sls ink ij dke djus okyk e ;g Hk; jgrk gs fd mug dhkh Hkh in&eqdr fd;k tk ldrk gsa blfy, os iwjh yxu o dm+h esgur ls dk;ks± dks fuivkus e lefkz ug gksrsa ;fn ljdkj dk;zøek dks izhkko'kkyh <ax ls ykxw djokuk pkgrh gs vksj dk;zdq'kyrk ykuk pkgrh gs] rks 'kh?kzfr'kh?kz vlfkkbz inkdks dk;zhkkj ds vuq:i LFkkbZ cukdj fu;fer fu;qfdr;ka djuh pkfg,a rfkk dezpkfj;k }kjk tks miyfc/k;ka gkfly dh tk,a mug fujurj rksj ij tkapus ds iz;kl djus gk xsa ftu dezpkfj;k ds dk;z mís';k dks izkir djus e fueu Lrj ds gk muds f[kykq dm+h dk;zokgh dh tkuh pkfg, rkfd dk;z&iz.kkyh dks vpnk cuk;k tk ldsa 7

8 gfj;k.kk ds vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx ds,d vksj egùoiw.kz laxbu g A gfj;k.kk vuqlwfpr tkfr foùk,oa fodkl fuxe ysfdu fuxe e jktuhfr ls izsfjr fu;qfdr;ka] lnl;k dh vf/kdkjghurk] vuqnku vkcavu e i{kikr iw.kz joş ;k] dk;kzy;hu dk;z ds fy, vu; fohkkxk ij vkfjr jguk] vuqlwfpr tkfr,oa finm+s oxz dy;k.k fohkkx dk vr;f/kd fu;u=.k] lnl;k dk vuqhkoh u gksuk] vkilh eueqvko gksuk rfkk fuxe dh foùkh; flfkfr detksj gksuk vkfn,slh ckrs g ftugk us fuxe ds vflrro ij iz'ufpug gh yxk fn;k gsa lq>ko gs fd ;fn ge vuqlwfpr tkfr foùk,oa fodkl fuxe dks oklro e vpnk cukuk pkgrs g vksj bldh Hkwfedk dks izhkko'kkyh cukuk pkgrs g rks bls jktusfrd izhkko ls vyx j[kuk pkfg,a bleftu xsj&ljdkjh lnl;k dks fu;qdr fd;k tk, os vpns vuqhko okys O;fDr gk A turk e vpnh Nfo gks],slk rc lahko gksxk tc ukeks dh flqkfj'k dk vk/kkj dsoy fd, x, lkekftd dk;z gh gk A fuxe dh lfø; Hkwfedk fuhkkrs gq, mu Lo;alsoh laxbuk ds fo#) dm+h dk;zokgh djuh pkfg, tks vuqnku jkf'k;k dk jktusfrd 'kj.k e nq#i;ksx djrs g A fuxe dks viuh izcks/ku rfkk ewy;kadu izfø;kvk dks dkjxj cukuk pkfg, rfkk budk mfpr iz;ksx djuk pkfg,a 'kks/k ds nksjku vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx ds fofhkuu laxbuk e dk;zjr izfr'kr dkfezdk us dgk fd orzeku e izpfyr izf'k{k.k O;oLFkk] mís';ksa dks iwjk ug djrha mugk us ftu dkj.kk dks 8

9 crk;k] os g & f?klh&ihvh izf'k{k.k O;oLFkk] T;knk vksipkfjd] vf/kdkfj;kdk vlg;ksxiw.kz joş ;k] foùkh; lqfo/kkvk dh deh rfkk izf'k{k.k O;oLFkk e lelkef;drk dk vhkkoa tc geus bl rf; dk ijh{k.k fd;k rks ik;k fd vusdk LFkkuk ij dk;zjr dk;zdùkkz lkeku;r% vizf'kf{kr gksrs g ] D;k fd muds fy, dksbz Hkh 'ks{kf.kd ;ksx;rk dk fu/kkzj.k ug fd;k x;k gsa ;g ifjflfkfr dkfezdk dh fu"iknu {kerk,oa 'kfdr dks detksj djrh gsa lq>ko gs fd izf'k{k.k dh uhfr,oa O;oLFkk e vk/kqfud lunhkks±,oa vko';drkvk ds vuqlkj vewypwy ifjorzu fd;k tk, rkfd izf'k{k.k O;oLFkk T;knk ls T;knk O;kogkfjd cu ldsa blds lkfk&lkfk ;g Hkh lq>ko gs fd izf'k{k.k ikbî lkexzh e lekir gks jgs usfrd ewy;k ij vr;f/kd cy fn;k tk, rfkk izf'k{k.k ls)kfurd rfkk O;kogkfjd nksuk gh igyqvk ls xq.kdkjh gks vksj {kerk fuekz.k e lgk;d gksa ewy;kadu iz.kkyh fdlh Hkh laxbu dh fujurjrk dks cuk, j[kus e lgk;d gksrh gsa izlrqr 'kks/k dk;z tc fd;k tk jgk Fkk rks ;g rf; lkeus vk;k fd laxbu e fu;u=.k dh izfø;k cgqr T;knk izhkkoh ug gs ftlds dkj.k vdlj dkfezdk ds nkf;ro fu"iknu dk y{; gkfly ug gks ikrk] D;k fd <hyh&<kyh ewy;kadu iz.kkyh dk ykhk mbkdj dezpkjh vius dùkzo;k ds fuozgu e dksrkgh cjrrs g A 9

10 blds fy, vko';d gs fd funs'kky; Lrj ls ysdj [k.m,oa rglhy Lrj rd ewy;kadu iz.kkyh dh vksj T;knk izhkkoh cuk;k tk,a bl lunhkz e lq>ko gs fd gj Lrj ij,d vyx ls ewy;kadu vf/kdkjh fu;qdr fd;k tk,a og LFkkbZ fu;qfdr u gksdj rnfkz fu;qfdr ds vurxzr gks] ij ;g fu;qfdr vo'; gksuh pkfg, rkfd le; ij lecfu/kr dk;kzy;] dkfezdk,oa xfrfof/k;k dk lrr~ ewy;kadu djrs gq, vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx dh xfrfof/k;k dks fu/kkzfjr y{; dh vksj vxzlj dj ldsa gfj;k.kk ds vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx ds laxbukred <kaps,oa igyqvk dk mi;qzdr 'kks/kijd v/;;u gekjh mu 'kks/k izdyiukvkdks lgh lkfcr djrk gs ftuds vuqlkj ;g ekuk x;k Fkk fd vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx dh ;kstuk,a Bhd <ax ls lapkfyr ug dh tk jgh gk xh] D;k fd gfj;k.kk ds vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx dk laxbukred <kapk vi;kzir,oa vdq'ky gksxk] izf'k{k.k izkir dk;zdùkkzvk dks ug yxk;k x;k gksxk rfkk vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx e izhkko'kkyh fu;kstu] leuo;] fu;u=.k] izcks/ku ¼ekWfuVª x½ rfkk ewy;kadu dk Lrj fueu gksxka gfj;k.kk ds vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx dh uhfr,oa fø;kuo;u ij mi;qzdr <ax ls fo'ys"k.k djus ds mijkur gekjh og ifjdyiuk fcydqy lp lkfcr gqbz gs ftle dgk x;k Fkk fd ljdkj }kjk vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k dk;z gsrq vi;kzir /ku jkf'k dh O;oLFkk dh 10

11 xbz gksxh rfkk /kujkf'k dk vio;; o xyr mi;ksx fd;k x;k gksxka blfy, lq>ko gs fd,d fuf'pr lkekftd uhfr dk vuqdj.k djrs gq, i;kzir /kujkf'k [kpz dh tk, rfkk lekt ds vf/kdrj xjhck ] nfyrk ] efgykvk ] cppk o vu; okafnrk dks vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx dh ;kstukvksa,oa dk;zøeksa ds ykhk iznku fd, tk,a rhkh vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k dh uhfr] ;kstuk,oa fø;kuo;u lkfkzd gks ld xha 'kks/k ls feys fu"d"kks± ds vk/kkj ij Li"V gksrk gs fd vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx }kjk pykbz tk jgh Ldhek dk vf/kdrj ykhk lekt e iq#"k oxz dks fey jgk gsa tcfd efgykvksa dks de fey jgk gs] D;ksafd efgyk,a?kjsyw dk;ksza rfkk f'k{kk dh deh ds dkj.k bu ;kstukvksa dk Qk;nk ugha mbk ikrha vr% lq>ko gs fd efgykvksa dks f'kf{kr fd;k tk, rfkk mudks lekt esa cjkcj dk ntkz nsaa bu ;kstukvk o xfrfof/k;k e efgykvk dks feyus okys ykhk dk izfr'kr c<+kus ds iz;kl fd, tk,a rkfd fodkl dk;zøek e efgykvk dh vksj mfpr /;ku fn;k tk ldsa iz'kklu dk yksd&leidz,oa izpkj&izlkj ru= T;knk izhkkoh ug gsa geus 'kks/k ifjdyiuk djrs le; ;g vuqeku yxk;k Fkk fd ykhkkffkz;k dks ;kstukvk dh vyi tkudkjh gksxha bl 'kks/k ds nksjku irk pyk fd Ldhek dh tkudkjh mug im+ksfl;k o vu; ykhk izkirdùkkzvk ls 11

12 feyha,slk dgus okys ykhkkffkz;k izfr'kr g A blls gekjh mi;qzdr ifjdyiuk lgh lkfcr gksrh gs fd ykhkkffkz;k dks Ldhek dh de tkudkjh gksxha vr% iz'kklu dks izpkj&izlkj,oa tkudkjh nsus okys ru= dks nq#lr djrs gq, xkaok o 'kgjk e fo'ks"k tkudkjh nsus okys dsunzk dh LFkkiuk djuh gksxha xkaok e izpkj&izlkj] leesyu o vu; lk/kuk dks viuk;k tkuk pkfg, tcfd 'kgjk e yksdy fefm;k] uxjikfydk,oa lkoztfud mn~?kks"k.kk,a djokuh pkfg,a rkfd okafnr ykhkkffkz;k rd Ldhekds ykhkk dks igqapk;k tk ldsa lcls pksdkus okyk rf; ;g feyk fd izfr'kr ykhkkffkz;k dks ykhk izkir djus e dkqh islk [kpz djuk im+rk gs tks fd fu'p; gh bu Ldhek dh e;kznk ds fo#) gsa lq>ko fn;k tkrk gs fd Ldhek dk ykhk nsus ds fy, p;fur ykhkkffkz;k dks 'kgjh dk;kzy;k e u cqykdj {ks=h; Lrj ij ;k mug ds lecfu/kr bykdk e tkdj 'kks/k ls izkir ykhk nsus dh izfø;k dks iwjk fd;k tk, tslk fd py jgh izfø;k ^ljdkj vkids }kj* dk;zøe ds vurxzr fd;k tkrk gsa 'kgjk e okmz lhkkvk rfkk xkaok e xzke lhkkvke ykhkkffkz;k dk p;u fd;k tkuk pkfg,a 'kks/k ls Kkr gksrk gs fd izfr'kr ykhkkfkhz fdlh dkj.k ls pykbz tk jgh Ldhek ls vlarq"v g A vlarq"v ds izeq[k dkj.kk e 12

13 'kkfey g A vi;kzir isls feyuk] ljdkjh dkfezdk dk nqo;zogkj] ;kstukvkdh tkudkjh u gksuk rfkk dk;kzy;k dk ckj&ckj pddj yxkuk br;kfna vr% lq>ko gs fd lecfu/kr Ldhek ds isls dks vksj c<+k;k tk, rfkk dezpkjh ykhkkffkz;k ls vpnk O;ogkj dj budh ulhgr mugle; ij nh tk,a eksvs rksj ij dgk tk ldrk gs fd Ldhek ds cukus ls ysdj mug ykhkkffkz;k rd igqapkus rd gh izfø;k,slh gks rkfd ykhkkfkhz larq"v gks ld A gfj;k.kk ds vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx ds }kjk pykbz tk jgh ;kstukvk dh ykhkkffkz;k ij im+us okys izhkko dk ;g ifjn`'; gekjh ml 'kks/k izdyiuk dks lkfkzd lkfcr dj nsrk gs ftlls ;g vuqeku yxk;k x;k Fkk fd izr;sd yf{kr yksxk dks dk;zøek dh i;kzir tkudkjh dk vhkko gksxk] ykhkkffkz;k dh n`f"v e iz'kklu dh Nfo vpnh ug gksxh rfkk yf{kr yksxk ds finm+siu ds dkj.k visf{kr Hkkxhnkjh,oa lg;ksx u fey ik;k gksxka ;fn iz'kklu ;g pkgrk gs fd vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkxk }kjk pykbz tk jgh ;kstukvk dk ykhkkffkz;k ij jpukred,oa ldkjkred izhkko im+s rks mi;qzdr rf;k,oa fn, x, lq>kok dks /;ku e j[krs gq, vko';d,oa xehkhj dne mbkus gksx ] rhkh bu ;kstukvk ds cus jgus dk Qk;nk gs vu;fkk ug A vkffkzd mnkjhdj.k,oa osf'odj.k vfkzo;olfkk ds bl nksj e ;g ckr Hkh /;ku e j[kuh vko';d gksxh fd dg blls 13

14 vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k ds vfr laosnu'khy dk;z izhkkfor u gk vksj lektoknh rfkk dy;k.kdkjh jkt; dh vk/kkjhkwr Hkkouk,a e`r u gks tk,aa ^;ksx;re~ gh thfor jgsxk* ds ewy fl)kur ij pyus okys vkt ds bl nksj e lekt dk fu/kzu] fuczy] viax] fujkfjr] detksj] nfyr] oafpr vksj vlgk; oxz dg vius dks vukfk vdsyk vksj cslgkjk u le> csbs] blds fy, t:jh gs fd muds fy, fd, tk jgs lsok o dy;k.k ds dk;ks± dks vksj T;knk oskkfud] lqlaxr] ljy] O;fDrfu"B cuk;k tk, rkfd,d leiw.kz,oa [kq'kgky lekt ds liuk dks lkdkj fd;k tk,a mi;qzdr rf;k dh foospuk ls ;g fcydqy lkq gs fd ; fi gfj;k.kk ds vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx }kjk vusd ;kstuk,a lekt ds okafnr yksxk ds fy, pykbz tk jgh g ] fdurq mfpr,oa Li"V lkekftd uhfr ds vhkko e dkqh fohkze dh flfkfr fufezr gks tkrh gsa ;g eglwl fd;k x;k fd vuqlwfpr tkfr ds ykhkkffkz;ksa dh lgh igpku u gksus ds dkj.k ;kstukvksa dks ykxw djus esa cgqr dfbukbz vkrh gsa fohkkx dh ;kstukvksa dk vuqlwfpr tkfr ds yksxksa esa tkudkjh dk vhkkok] mpp lurks"ktud lqfo/kk 'kqyd] _.k dh vnk;xh esa vfu;feùkrk] _.k dks ekq djus dh jktusfrd?kks"k.kk,a br;kfn lel;k,a gsaa vr% ;g lq>ko fn;k tkrk gs fd vuqlwfpr tkfr ds ykhkkffkz;ksa dh lgh igpku djuk rfkk t:jrean yksxksa dks gh foùkh; lgk;rk feyuh pkfg,a fohkkx }kjk ifj.kke fu/kkzfjr ;kstuk,a gksuh pkfg,a u fd y{; fu/kkzfjra vuqlwfpr tkfr ds leiw.kz fodkl ds fy, f'k{kk dh vko';drk gs u fd lk{kjrk 14

15 dh] f'k{kk dk;zøe vk/kkfjr gksuh pkfg,a iz'kklu ds laxbukred <kaps e Hkh vis{kkd`r vusdk lq/kkjk,oa Qsjcny dh vko';drk gsa vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k dh vusd ;kstukvk,oa Ldhek e nksgjko gs rfkk i;kzir /kujkf'k dh Hkh vko';drk gsa ykhkkffkz;k dh la[;k e Hkh dkqh deh gsa ;kstukvk o Ldhek dk ykhkkffkz;k ij ; fi dkqh izhkko im+k gs] ysfdu vhkh Hkh cgqr dqn bl fn'kk e djus dh vko';drk gs] izlrqr 'kks/k ds ckn tks Hkh fu"d"kz mhkjdj lkeus vk, g vksj tks Hkh lecfu/kr lq>ko fn, x, g ;fn mu ij bzekunkjh ls] izhkkfodrk,oa ikjnf'kzrk ds lkfk vey fd;k tk, rks fu'p; gh gfj;k.kk e py jgh vuqlwfpr tkfr dy;k.k fohkkx dh ;kstuk,a vius mís';k dks izkir djus e lkfkzd fl) gks ld xha 15