DDE. le&lhekur rqf"vxq.k dk fu;e ¼Law of Equi-Marginal Utility½. Programme. Class: B.A. I

Transkript

1 Lesson: 4 le&lhekur rqf"vxq.k dk fu;e ¼Law of Equi-Marginal Utility½ DDE Programme Class: B.A. I Dr. M.P. Mathur Directorate of Distance Education Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra Subject: Economics

2 Hkwfedk ¼ le&lhekur rqf"vxq.k dk fu;e ¼Law of Equi-Marginal Utility½ Hkwfedk ¼Introduction½ mihkksdrk dh vk; lhfer gs] ijurq mldh vko';drk,a vlhfer gsa og viuh leiw.kz vko';drkvksa dks rks iwjk ugha dj ldrk] blfy, og bruk vo'; gh pkgsxk fd ftruh Hkh mldh vk; gks] mldk vf/kd ls vf/kd ykhk gksa bl lecu/k esa mihkksdrk ds lkeus ;g iz'u mbrk gs fd og viuh HkkSfrd vk; dk fofhkuu olrqvksa ij fdl izdkj forj.k djsa bl iz'u dk mrj gesa le&lhekur rqf"vxq.k ds fu;e esa feyrk gsa ;g fu;e crykrk gs fd vf/kdre lurqf"v izkir djus ds fy, mihkksdrk dks fofhkuu olrqvksa ij viuh vk; dk forj.k bl izdkj djuk pkfg, fd izr;sd olrq ij O;; dh xbz eqnzk dh vfure bdkbz ls mi;ksfxrk leku gksa bl fu;e dks xkslu dk f}rh; mihkksx fu;e ¼Gossen's ¼ Second Law of Consumption½ ½ Hkh dgk tkrk gs] D;ksafd lozizfke mugksaus gh bldk myys[k fd;k Fkk MkW- ek'kzy us bl fu;e dks le&lhekur mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e dk uke fn;k vksj rri'pkr~ fofhkuu vfkz'kkfl=;ksa us bls fofhkuu ukeksa ls iqdkjk gsa

3 fu;e ds fofhkuu uke ¼Various ¼ Names of the Law½ bl fu;e dk ikyu djus ls mihkksdrk viuh vk; ls vf/krde lurqf"v izkir dj ldrk gs] vr% bls vf/kdre lurqf"v dk fu;e ¼Law of Maximum Satisfaction½ ½ dgk x;k gsa bl fu;e dks izfrlfkkiu dk fu;e ¼Law ¼ of Substitution½ ½ Hkh dgrs gsa ;g blfy, fd mihkksdrk viuh vk; ls vf/krde lurqf"v izkir djus ds fy, de&lhekur mi;ksfxrk okyh olrqvksa dk vf/kd lhekur mi;ksfxrk okyh olrqvksa ls izfrlfkkiu djrk gsa bl fu;e dks mfpr O;; dk fu;e ¼Law ¼ of Economy of Expenditure½ ½ Hkh dgrs gs D;ksafd mihkksdrk viuh vk; dk mfpr jhfr ls O;; dj ldrk gsa bl fu;e dks foosd'khy mihkksdrk dk fu;e ¼Law ¼ of Rational Consumer½ ½ Hkh dgrs gsa bl fu;e ds O;kid egro ds dkj.k izks- jksfcul us bl fu;e dks vfkz'kkl= dk fu;e ¼Law ¼ of Economics½ ½ Hkh dgk gsa

4 fu;e dh ifjhkk"kk ¼Defination ¼ of Law½ ;fn fdlh Hkh O;fDr ds ikl dksbz,slh olrq gs] ftuds vusd iz;ksx gksa] rks og ml olrq dks bu vusd iz;ksxksa esa bl izdkj ckavsxk fd bldh lhekur mi;ksfxrk izr;sd iz;ksx esa leku gksa & izks- ek'kzy,d x`glfk viuh lurqf"v vf/kdre djus ds fy, fofhkuu olrqvksa ij O;; dh tkus okyh jkf'k dk fohkktuj bl izdkj djsxk fd izr;sd olrq ij O;; fd, tkus okyh eqnzk dh vfure bdkbz ls leku mi;ksfxrk izkir gksa & izks- fjpmz th- fyilh,d mihkksdrk ml le; vf/kdre lurqf"v izkir djrk gs] tc lc olrqvksa dh lhekur mi;ksfxrkvksa ¼rqf"Vxq.k½ rfkk mudh dherksa dk vuqikr cjkcj gksrk gsa & izks- lse;qvylu

5 fu;e dh eku;rk,a ¼Assemptions ¼ of Law½ olrq ls izkir mi;ksfxrk dks x.kukokpd la[;kvksa tsls 1]2]3] br;kfn la[;kvksa esa ekik tk ldrk gsa mihkksdrk foosd'khy gs vfkkzr og viuh vk; ls vf/kdre lurqf"v izkir djuk pkgrk gsa mihkksdrk dks,d fuf'pr vk; dk O;; djuk gksrk gsa eqnzk dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk flfkj jgrh gsa mihkksdrk dh :fp rfkk QS'ku vkfn esa dksbz ifjorzu ugha gksrka olrq dks NksVh bdkbz;ksa esa fohkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gsa mihkksdrk dks fofhkuu olrqvksa ls feyus okyh mi;ksfxrk dk iwjk&iwjk Kku gksrk gsa?kvrh lhekur mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e ykxw gksrk gsa

6 fu;e dh O;k[;k ¼Explanation ¼ of Law Explanation of Law½ ;g fu;e] vk; ds O;; ls vf/kdre lurqf"v izkir djus esa mihkksdrk dk ekxz n'kzu djrk gsa bl fu;e dh O;k[;k,d mnkgj.k } kjk dh tk ldrh gsa eku yhft, mihkksdrk dh lhfer vk; ikap :i, gsa bl lhfer vk; dks og nks olrqvksa X vksj Y ij bl izdkj [kpz djuk pkgrk gs rkfd mldks vf/kdre lurqf"v izkir gks ldsa bldh O;k[;k fueufyf[kr rkfydk }kjk dh tk ldrh gsa rkfydk le&lhekur mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e ¼Law ¼ of Equi-Marginal Utility½ eqnzk dh bdkbz;k olrq X dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk olrq X dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk igyh bdkbzq nw,jh bdkbz rhljh bdkbz pksfkh bdkbz 12 8 ikapoh bdkbz 8 4

7 bl fu;e dks js[kkfp= ls Hkh n'kkz;k x;k gs% Y Y olrq X dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk GAIN MUX olrq Y dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk LOSS MUY x (a) Rupees (b) Rupees

8 fu;e dh vk/kqfud O;k[;k ¼Modern ¼ Version of the Law½ vk/kqfud vfkz'kkfl=;ksa us bl fu;e dh O;k[;k,d u, <ax ls dh gs] ftlds vk/kkj ij bls vkuqikfrdrk dk fu;e dgk tkrk gsa bl O;k[;k ds vuqlkj mihkksdrk dks vf/kdre lurqf"v rc izkir gksrh gs tc og viuh vk; dks fofhkuu olrqvksa ij bl izdkj [kpz djs] fd fofhkuu olrqvksa ls izkir lhekur mi;ksfxrkvksa rfkk mudh dherksa ds vuqikr esa lekurk gksaa eksfnzd O;; dh lhekur = mi;ksfxrk Mux Muy Mu z vr% = = = = Px Py Pz olrq X dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk olrq X dh dher Mun Pz Pn

9 fu;e dk egro ¼Importance ¼ of Law½ Le&lhekUr mi;ksfxrk ds fu;e dk vfkz'kkl= esa cgqr egro gsa izks-ek'kzy ds 'kcnksa esa] ^^izfrlfkkiu dk fu;e vfkz'kkl= ds yxhkx lhkh {ks=ksa ij ykxw gksrk gsa mihkksx esa egro ¼Importance ¼ in Consumption½ mriknu ds {ks= esa egro ¼Importance ¼ in Production½ forj.k esa egro ¼Importance ¼ in Distribution½ fofue; {ks= esa egro ¼Importance ¼ in Exchange½ jktlo esa egro ¼Importance ¼ in Public Finance½ vk; cpr,oa mihkksx esa cavokjk ¼Allocation ¼ of Income Between Savings And Consumption½ fons'kh O;kikj esa egro ¼Importance in Foreign Trade½ Distribution of Assets½ fons'kh O;kikj esa egro ¼ ifjleifr;ksa dk forj.k ¼Distribution ¼ of Assets

10 le&lhekur rqf"vxq.k ds fu;e dh vkykspuk ¼Criticism of the Law of Equi-Marginal Utility½ mihkksdrk iw.kzr;k foosd'khy ugha gsa ¼Consumer ¼ is not Completely Rational½ mihkksdrk dk vkku ¼Ignoreance ¼ of the Consumer½ inkfkksz dh vfohkkt;rk ¼Individuality ¼ of Goods½ mi;ksfxrk dk eki lehko ugha gs ¼Utility ¼ is not measurable½ QS'ku] jhfr&fjoktksa rfkk vknr dk izhkko ¼Influence ¼ of fashion, customs and habits½ dherksa esa ifjorzu ¼Change ¼ in Prices½ eqnzk dk lhekur mi;ksfxrk esa ifjorzu ¼Change ¼ in marginal utility of Money½ fuf'pr le; vof/k ugha ¼No ¼ Fixed period½ olrqvksa dh deh ¼Shortage ¼ of goods½ iwjd olrq,a ¼Complementary ¼ Goods½ vfuf'pr ctv vof/k ¼Indefinite ¼ budget period½

11 /ku;okn