Lakfxuh tsumj fjlkslz lsuvj th 3/385 xqyeksgj dkyksuh Hkksiky & e/;izns k

Transkript

1 Lakfxuh tsumj fjlkslz lsuvj th 3/385 xqyeksgj dkyksuh Hkksiky & e/;izns k

2 gekjs ckjs esa lafxuh dh dke dh kq:zzvkr o"kz 2003 esa ukjhoknh fopkj/kkjk ds lkfk kq: gq;h ftles blds LFkkiuk o"kz ls gh gekjh lksp Fkh fd e/;izns k es,d Hkh,slk launzhk dsunz ugh Fkk tgkw eq{; :Ik ls efgykvksa ds eq}ksa dks dsunz esa j[kdj dke fd;k tk lds pwfd izns k es efgykvksa dh flfkfr dkqh lkspuh; Fkh fd yxkrkj bl ckr dh vko ;drk eglwl dh tk jgh Fkh fd,d,slk dsunz gks tgkw efgykvks ds e}ks ij kks/k v/;;u efgykvksa ds fy, pyk;s tk jgs fodklh; dk;zdzeksa dk ukjhoknh rjhds ls fo ys"k.k fd;k tk lds vksj bl pksp dks geus lunzhk dsunz ds :Ik es fodflr djus dk iz;kl fd;k tgkw ge,d,slk ekgksy cuk;s rkfd ;gkw izr;sd efgyk viuh ckr dks j[k lds rfkk ge efgykvks ds e}q]ksa ij dke djus okyh llfkkvksa /yksxks / lewgksa dks lqpuk o tkudkjh rfkk izf k{k.k vkkfn ds ek/;e ls mugs rs;kj fd;k djs rkfd os izns k es efgykvksa ds gd esa dke dj lds A n`f"vdks.k ¼fotu½ %& yasfxd HksnHkko dks lekir djrs gq,,sls lerkewyd lekt dh LFkkiuk djuk tgka efgyk,a vius vf/kdkjksa dk mi;ksx dj ldsaa y{; ¼fe ku½ %& lafxuh,d lanhkz dsanz ds :i esa lekt ds fofhkuu oxkszaa [kklrksj ls nfyr] vkfnoklh o vyila[;d leqnk; dh efgykvksa dks lkfk ysrs gq, efgykvksa ds eqn~nksa dks dsanz esa ykus dk dk;z djsxha mn~ns ; zzzzzefgykvksa ds fy;s fo oluh;]lqjf{kr o lg;ksxkred okrkroj.k miyc/k djkuk tgka os viuh tkudkjh ]Kku o dks ky ls,d nqljs dk lg;ksx dj ldsaa efgykvksa rd muds fgr dh lwpuk vksj tkudkjh igqapkuk rfkk blds ek/;e ls mugsa l kdr cukuka lekt esa ysafxd vlekurk o folaxfr;ksa ij vk/kkfjr ewy; o O;ogkj dks pquksrh nsuk o osdfyid ewy;ksa dks c<+kok nsuka

3 fgalk HksnHkko ];ksfud fgalk rfkk mlls tqm+s HkkoukRed o ekufld ruko ls ihfm+r efgykvksa dks laj{k.k o ijke kz miyc/k djkuka jkt; Lrj ij efgyk vf/kdkjksa ds fy;s i{k/kjrk o isjoh ds fy;s lalfkkvksa ds lkfk tqm+ko o vfhk;ku lapkyua ukjhoknh n`f"vdks.k ls ysafxd HksnHkko dks le>us o mldks nwj djus ds fy;s lwpukvksa o tkudkfj;ksa dk ladyu]fuekz.k]izdk ku o folrkj djuka gekjs iazeq[k glr{ksi {kerk o`f} lwpuk o tkudkjh o izdk ku vfhk;ku isjoh lykg dsun VsfyQksfud dkmalfyx efgyk vf/kdkj eap {kerk o`f} lafxuh us efgyk eqn~nksa dks dsfunzr djrs gq, vius lunzhk dsunz ds vurxzr izns k ds LoSfPNd lalfkkvksa ds dk;zdrkzvksa dk efgyk eqn~nksa fo ks"k rksj ij ts.mj ls tqms+ eeyksa ij tkudkjh] laosnuk dk fodkl rfkk eqn~ns ds lkfk dke djus dk dks ky c<+kuk izkjehk fd;ka ge ftl rjg ds lkekftd ifjorzu dh dyiuk dj jgs gs og rhkh lahko gs ftl bi eq}ksa ij dke djus okys yksxssk dks rs;kj fd;k tk; nsljk gekjk ekuuk gs fd bl rjg ds izf k{k.k yksxks dh t:jrks ds vk/kkj o mudh ekwx ij fd;s tk;s vksj bugh vko ;drkvksa dks /;ku es j[krs gq;s geus bl o"kz fueu izf k"k.k j[sak

4 tsumj cqfu;knh izf k{k.k dk;zdze ;g izf k{k.k geus lkekftd fyax Hksn dks /;ku esa j[krs gq;s fd;k tks fd flqz efgykvksa ds fy, Fkk bl izf k{k.k es geus efgyk iq:"k dh lkekftd Hkwfedkvksa O;ogkjksa o utfj;s ij fd;k ftles 28 efgyk izfrhkkxh jgs A efgyk o Je dkuwu bl izf k{k.k ds rgr geus dkexkj efgykvksa ds lkfk gkus okya Je dkuwuks ds myy?ku ij ppkz ds lkfk os Je dkuwu D;k gs blds rgr efgykvksa dks D;k D;k vf?kdkj izkir gs bl ij izf k{k.k fn;k x;k ftless 35 efgyk izfrhkkfx;ksa fgllk fy;k lunzhk O;fDr ds :i es Hkkxhnkjh pqfd lafxuh,d launahk dsunz gs ftldk izeq[k dk;z izf k{k.k djuk gs oks izf k{k.k Loa vk;ksftr Hkh gks ldrs gs vksj nwljks }kjk vk;ksftr vu; lalfkkvksa }kjk vk;ksftr dk;zdzeksa esa lafxuh us fueu lalfkkvksa ds dk;zdze es lanzhl O;fDr ds :i esa Hkkxhnkjh yh izsj.kk eqecbz o vkjahk lalfkk }kjk vk;ksftr V~SfQfdxa ij ds;j,sm likszv fllve fo"k; ij lunzhk O;fDr ds :Ik es Hkwfedk

5 oymz fotu }kjk vk;ksftr Loa lgk;rk leesyu esa tsumj ij l= fy;k x;k bam ds;j }kjk rhu fnolh; tsumj izf k{k.k esa lunzhk O;fDr ds :i esa Hkkxhnkjh fuezy lnu }kjk vk;ksftr efgyk leesayu es efgykvks dh lkekftd Hkefedk fo"k; ij lunzhk O;fDr ds :i esa Hkwfedk lgkjk eap }kjk vk;ksftr vkthfodk fo"k; ij lunzhk O;fDr ds :i esa Hkwfedk ck; ikl lalfkk Hkksiky }kjk vk;ksftr iqpk;r esa efgykvks dh Hkwfedk ij izf k{k.k A,drk efgyk eap }kjk fodkl es efgykvks dh Hkwfedk ij lunzhk P;fDr ds :i es jkt; dh efgyk uhfr dh leh{kk dh xbz,e ih oh,p, }kjk bk;ksftr VzSfQfdx o efgyk fglk ij lunzhk O;fdr ds :i esa fglka ij ppkz vkrafjd {kerko`f} tkxksjh }kjk vk;ksftr tsumj izf k{k.k esa Hkkxknkjh vkyh y[kum }kjk vk;ksftr ekuo vf/kdkj ds lkozhkksfed ekudksa dk LFkkuh; mi;ksx ij dk;z kkyk bfm;k lks ky Qksje es Hkkxhnkjh jk"vh~; efgyk dkuqz~sul dydrrk es Hkkxhnkjh jk"vh~; tu LokL Fk; vfhk;ku es Hkkxhnkjh jk"vh~; efgyk dkuqz~sul dydrrk es Hkkxhnkjh?kjsyw fglka ij nljh jk"v~h~; efgyk dkuqz~si; ukoks o ;kstuk vk;ksx ds jk"v~h~; fu;kstu ij dkuqzsul ukoks o ;kstuk vk;ksx ds izknsf kd fu;kstu ij dkuqzsul lqpuk o tkudkjh lqpuk o tkudkjh fdlh Hkh lunzhk dsunz ds vfhkuuk vax gksrs gs vksj lafxuh dk ;g iz;kl jgk gs fd bl fglls dks iqjh rue;rk ds lkfk fd;k tk; tehu ls tqms ykxks rd ;g tkudkjh igqwpk;h tk; rkfd os bldk lnwi;ksx vius dke ds nksjku dj lds vksj blh ds rgr geus bl o"kz fo kk[kk fcy 2006 o /kjsyw fglka laj{k.k vf?kfu;e dks yksxks rd igwpkus dk iz;kl fd;k bl chp geus fglka ds eq}ks ij dke djus okys ljdkjh xsj ljdkjh yksxks lalfkkvksa dk MsVk csad cuk;k rkfd fglka gkus ij efgyk dks rrdky jkgr iqgpk;h tk lds A vfhk;ku

6 vfhk;ku,d,slk ek/;e gs tgkw ge ge viuh ckr dks yksxks rd vklkuh ls igqwpk ldrs gs e/;izns k esa lafxuh us,d O;kid Lrj ij finys pkj o"kksz ls [kkeks kh rksmks vfhk;ku tkjh j[kk gs ftlds rgr fyax p;u vk/kkfjr xhkz ds lekiu]?kjsyw fglka dk;zlfky ij ;ksu mrihm+u fo"k; ij yksxks dk /;ku dsfinzr fd;k tk jgk gs lkfk gh lkfk geus e/;izns k esa eqefdu gs vfhk;ku dk lqpkyu Hkh 28 ftyksa esa fd;k gs A2007 es geus,d izeq[k vfhk;ku dh kq:vkr dh oks gs /kjsyw dkedkth efgykvks ds eq}s ij iwjh esgur iwjk gd ftles /kjksa es gksus okyk vlekurk leku osru laosrfud NqVVh vkfn ds eq}ks ij yksxks dk /;ku vkdzfz"kr fd;k tk jgk gs QksVks 25 uoecj lqpuk LVky lafxuh }kjk fobbu ekdszv esa vkstlouh esys ds nksjku 10 fnolh; lqpuk LVky yxklk x;k ftles geus yxkrkj 10 fnu rd ikslvj iznz kuh lqpukvksa o tkudkfj;ksa dk izpkj izlkj fu kqyd fd;k bl nksjku geus 1000 ls vf/kd yksxks ds lkfk leidz fd;k A

7 efgyk vf/kdkj ;k=k uojk=h dk ioz fgunqlrku es iwjs g"kzmyykl ds lkfk euk;k tkrk gs bu uks fnuksa es yksx uks bsfo;ks dh iwtk vkjk/kuk djrs gs vksj bugh nsfdo;ksa ds Lo:i dh rqyuk vdlj yksx efgykvks ls djys gs geus blh fnu dks lkadsfrd :I ls eukus dk r; fd;k vksj 8 visy dks I=dkj Hkou ls U;wekdSzV ls gksrs gw;a s Vhu ksm rd efgyk vf/kdkj ;k=k fudkyh vksj yksxks ls vihy dh ges bslku gh cuk jgus nks nsoh cukdj iwtus dh vko ;drk ugh gs,d rjq vki fdlh ndoh dh iwtk djrs gs mlh nwljh rjq ml vksjr dk cykedkj mldh gr;k mk ij vr;kpkj djrs gs vksj bl ;l=k ds nksjku geus yksxks ds chp ikslvj Lyksxu ds lkfk,d cmh+ jsyh dk vkì Á 7 7 %1

8 ÿÿ ÿÿ ÿÿ l X ì Á 7 %1

9 ÿÿ ÿÿ 9 l X X X l t;knk yksxsk rd viuk lans k igqpk;s vksj ;gh lksp dj geus 8 ekpz dks efgykvks a ds lkfk feydk euk;k ftles geus ukbv kks o jksm kks dk vk;kstu fd;k geus iwjh jkr Hkksiky dh lm+dks esa ukjs ys[ku dk dk;z fd;k vksj yskxks ls vihy dh ;fn kgj lqjf{kr gks oì Á 7 %1

10 ÿÿ ÿÿ 10 l X ì Á 7 %1

11 ÿÿ ÿÿ 11 l X efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A 7 %1

14 ÿÿ ÿÿ 14 l X ì Á 7 %1

18 ÿÿ ÿÿ 18 l X ì Á 7 %1

22 ÿÿ ÿÿ 22 l X ì Á 7 %1

26 ÿÿ ÿÿ 26 l X ì Á 7 %1

27 ÿÿ ÿÿ 27 l X efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A ÿÿ ÿÿ ÿÿ l X ì Á 7 %1

29 ÿÿ ÿÿ 29 l X ì Á 7 %1

30 ÿÿ ÿÿ 30 l X efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A ÿÿ ÿÿ ÿÿ l X ì Á 7 %1

32 ÿÿ ÿÿ 32 l X ì Á 7 %1

33 ÿÿ ÿÿ 33 l X efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A "t 7 7 "- ÿÿ ÿÿ ÿÿ l X ì Á 7 %1

35 ÿÿ ÿÿ 35 l X ì Á 7 %1

36 ÿÿ ÿÿ 36 l X efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A 34 l X X X l t;knk yksxsk rd viuk lans k igqpk;s vksj ;gh lksp dj geus 8 ekpz dks efgykvksa ds lkfk feydk euk;k ftles geus ukbv kks o jksm kks dk vk;kstu fd;k geus iwjh jkr Hkksiky dh lm+dks esa ukjs ys[ku dk dk;z fd;k vksj yskxks ls vihy dh ;fn kgj lqjf{kr gks oì Á 7 ð %1

37 ÿÿ ÿÿ 37 l X ì Á 7 %1

38 ÿÿ ÿÿ 38 l X efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A 34 ÿÿ l X X X l t;knk yksxsk rd viuk lans k igqpk;s vksj ;gh lksp dj geus 8 ekpz dks efgykvksa ds lkfk feydk euk;k ftles geus ukbv kks o jksm kks dk vk;kstu fd;k geus iwjh jkr Hkksiky dh lm+dks esa ukjs ys[ku dk dk;z fd;k vksj yskxks ls vihy dh ;fn kgj lqjf{kr gks oì Á 7 ð %1

39 ÿÿ ÿÿ 39 l X ì Á 7 %1

40 ÿÿ ÿÿ 40 l X efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A l X X X l t;knk yksxsk rd viuk lans k igqpk;s vksj ;gh lksp dj geus 8 ekpz dks efgykvksa ds lkfk feydk euk;k ftles geus ukbv kks o jksm kks dk vk;kstu fd;k geus iwjh jkr Hkksiky dh lm+dks esa ukjs ys[ku dk dk;z fd;k vksj yskxks ls vihy dh ;fn kgj lqjf{kr gks oì Á 7 ð %1

41 ÿÿ ÿÿ 41 l X ì Á 7 %1

42 ÿÿ ÿÿ 42 l X efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A l X X X l t;knk yksxsk rd viuk lans k igqpk;s vksj ;gh lksp dj geus 8 ekpz dks efgykvksa ds lkfk feydk euk;k ftles geus ukbv kks o jksm kks dk vk;kstu fd;k geus iwjh jkr Hkksiky dh lm+dks esa ukjs ys[ku dk dk;z fd;k vksj yskxks ls vihy dh ;fn kgj lqjf{kr gks oì Á 7 %1

43 ÿÿ ÿÿ 43 l X ì Á 7 %1

44 ÿÿ ÿÿ 45 l X efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A 43 l X X X l ì Á 7 %1

46 ÿÿ ÿÿ 47 l X efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A ÿÿ 43 l X X X l ì Á 7 %1

49 ÿÿ ÿÿ 50 l X efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A X X X l ì Á 7 %1

52 ÿÿ ÿÿ 52 l X efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A 52 l X X X l efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A ÿ 52 l X X X l efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A 52 l X X X l efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh

53 Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A 52 l X X efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A X X X l efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A X X l efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A X X X l efgykvksa o ym+fd;ksa dks,d fnu ;s ysdj rhu ekg rd dk vkj; nsus dk dk;z fd;k gs vkj; ds vksjku gh geus eglwl fd;k fd dbz ckj mugs mfpr lykg dh t:jr gksrh gs vksn tks vksipkfjd lykgdsunz ljdkj }kjk pyk;s tk jgs gs os flqz la[;kred :i ls vkdms+ c<k+us dh gksm+ esa tcju mu efgykvksa dks tks okfil ml ekgksy esa tgkw oks ugh tkuk pkgrh Hkst fn;k tkrk gs,sls gekjk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gs fd ge migs lgh fn kk o lykg ns lds rkfd os viuh ftnaxh vius ewy;ksa ij th lds A bk o"kz

54 geus lafxuh ds ek/;e ls efgykvksa dks lykg nsus dk dk;z fd;k x;k gs lykg gsrq T;knkrj tks eq}s jgs oks?kjsyw fglka ]dke ds LFkku ij kks"k.k tcju fookg tslh?kvukvksa ds jgs A VsfyQksfud dkmalfyx efykvksa ds eq}s ij dke djus okys cgqrsjs iz;kl ljdkj o xsj ljdkjh laxbuksa dh vksj ls fd;s tk jgs gs ysfdu,d cm+k fgllk vkt Hkh blls vnwrj gs oks gs ;qok ym+fd;ksa dk c<+rk mez es,sls dbz izdkj ds Hkkoukred o kkjhfjd ifjorzu bues gksrs gs tks dbz ckj buds vunj ekufld mfkyk iqfky epk nsrs gs dbz ckj ls ym+fd;k?kjksa esa o?kj ds ckgj hkh ;ksfud fglka dh f kdkj gksrh gs ysfdu lkektfd ncko ikfjokfjd lhekvksa ds jgrs vius vunj gh vunj?kqvrh jgrh gs,sls es dgkw tk;s fdlls ckr djs vdlj ls gkykr brus Hk;kog gksrs gs d bugs vkregr;k tslk dbksj dne Hkh mbkuk im+rk gs lafxuh us bl fn kk es,d VsfyQksfud dkmalfyx dh lqfo/kk dh gs ftlesa ym+fd;k vko ;drk im+us ij gels ckr dj lds vksj ;fn mugs vksk t;knk lykg dh t:jr gs rjs os gels feydj Hkh viuh lel;k dk lek/kku ik ldrh gs vksj mudh ml iwjh ppkz dks iw.kzr;k xqir j[kk tk;xkk ;g fo okl ge mugs fnykys gs A Tkkx:drk dk;zdze geus dke ds nksjku geus eglwl fd;k tc Hklh ge dke ds lfkku ij vksjrks ds vf/kdkjks dh ckr djrs gs rks oks gksrh gs nqrjksa es tkys okyh e/;oxhz; efgyk;s ]laxfbr {ks= dh efgyk;s ij,d oxz,slk Hkh tks dkexkj gksrs gq;a Hkh Jfed ntkz ugh ik ldk gs vksj ;gh dkj.k gs fd tkfr oxz ds kks"k.k ds lkfk-lkfk ls dke ds LFkku ds kks"k.k dh Hkh f kdkj gs uk rks budks leku etnwjh izkir gs uk lkirkfgd NqVVh uk gh vu; cqfu;knh lqfo/kk;sa bu lc LfFkfr;ksa dks ns[kus o fopkj djus ij lafxuh is bu efgykvksa dk laxbu cukuk kq: fd;k vksj ge bugs yxkkrkj izf k{k.k ks{kf.hd Hkze.k rduhfd izf k{k.k ds lkhk lkfk [qkn budks viuh ymk+bz ym+us ds fy, rs;kj dj jgs gs A QksVks csbd

55 efgyk vf/kdkj eap efgyk fgalk o vlekurk dks ysdj ns k Hkj esa vusdks laxbuksa }kjk dbz eapks o vfhk;kuksa dk yxkrkj izhkkoh dke fd;k tk jgk gs ftlesa ge Hkh muds lghkkxh jgs gsa blh dm+h esa izns k esa,d laxfbr usvodz dh vko ;drk yecs le; ls dh tk jgh Fkh Lakfxuh efgyk vf/kdkj eap dh qk:vkr tuojh 2003 esa dqn efgykvksa dh igy ls gq;h ftuds }kjk tsumj vk/kkfjr efgyk fgalk ds f[kykq dke djus ds fy,,sls usvodz dh dyiuk dh xbz tks e/;izns k esa lhkh dh lghkkxhrk ls pyk;k tk lds vksj geus blh lksp dks c<+krs gq;s bl eap esa efgyk iq:"k nksusk dks kkfey fd;k usvodz dh igy ls e/;izns k esa geus dbz cm+s + vfhk;ku dh pyk;s bles e/;izns k ds 31 ftyksa dh lalfkk;sa O;fDr o lewg blds lnl; gsatks fd efgyk fgalk ds f[kykq dke djus ds fy, dfvc) gsa geus fofhkuu fofhkuu laxbuksa o lewgksa ds lkfk feydj izns k ds dbz ftyksa esa yxkrkj usvodz dh csbdks dk vk;kstu ofglka dh /kvukvks es feydj glr{ksi fd;k fd;ka vksj ge yxkrkj le; ij fgalk ds f[kykq yksxks dks,dtqv djus o ekgksy cukus dk dke Hkh izns k Lrj ij dj jgs gsa

56 gekjs inkf/kdkjh iq"ik flga uhye dqyjs"b izkfkzuk fejk rg khu [kku vk kk fldjokj :fp kekz Lusgyrk f}osnh gekjk lykgdkj eamy vkk kk fejk izfrhkk jktxksiky vpzuk lgk; dfork lqjs k

57 kf k lk;y uhye prqosznh gekjs lg;ksxh ik:y kekz lald`fr flga lfjrk ikbd iwue ikjph