Kan et oljeprissjokk knekke boligmarkedet? Bernt Chr. Brun Head of Research / Chief Strategist +47 23139190 bbru@danskebank.com 13 juni 2013
Agenda 1. Motivering av problemstillingen 2. Resultater fra kjøringene 3. Hvor kan SSB s modell svikte? 2
1819 1827 1835 1843 1851 1859 1867 1875 1883 1891 1899 1907 1915 1923 1931 1939 1947 1955 1963 1971 1979 1987 1995 2003 2011 1. Motivering: Norske boligpriser har steget mye 140 Realboligprisindeks 1819 1819-2012 - 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Kilde: Norges Bank, Ola Grytten NHH 3
Norsk boligprisvekst: alene på toppen 4
Norges gode inntektsutvikling kan forklare høye boligpriser Disponibel inntekt per cap Boligpris/disponibel inntekt per cap 5
Hva skyldes Norges gode inntektsutvikling, og hva om våre særskilte fortrinn forsvinner? Et oljeprisfall ved en ny krise ala 2008 Mindre petroleum i Norge, og mer av det vi har er gass Skifergass i USA USA som netto eksportør av gass i 2020 Kina s vekst kan avta Klimaproblemer kan gjøre fossilt brensel mindre verdifullt 50 USD fatet er ikke en forventet oljepris, men absolutt et relevant risikoscenario Et tilleggsscenario med raskere normalisering av renter er også relevant 6
2. Resultater. Først SSB s boligmodell for dummies : En helt ny modell hvor en benytter moderne tidsserieøkonometri (Jansen/Anundsen) Langsiktig likevektspris for boliger som bestemmes av; Husholdningenes bruttogjeld (koeffisient 1) Husholdningenes disponible inntekt (koeffisient 1,7) Boligkapital (koeffisient -3) Realrente etter skatt - indirekte gjennom bruttogjelden Kortsiktige prisendringer bestemmes av; Prisavvik fra den langsiktige likevekt (koeffisient -0,175 halveringstid 3,6 år) Siste års endring i boligpris (momentum effekt) Endringer i en forventningsindikator Boligomsetning (negativt fortegn) Årstid (kvartalsdummyer) Boligtilbudet (boligkapitalen) vil avhenge av pris på bruktboliger i forhold til investeringsprisen på bolig, samt avskrivning 7
Scenario 1: Oljepris til 50$/brl, nær halverte oljeinvesteringer 100 50 Oljepris Oljeinvesteringer 8
Scenario 2: Som 1, men forventningsvariabelen faller også 9
BNP Vekst BNP Vekst BNP Vekst RDI Vekst RDI Vekst RDI Vekst Boligprisvekst % Boligprisvekst % Boligprisvekst % Scenario 1 & 2; Resultater Mill NOK 350 000 300 000 250 000 200 000 Overskudd off forvaltning Driftsbalanse -72% 5 % 4 % 3 % 150 000 100 000-80% 2 % 1 % 2014 2015 50 000-2013 2014 2015 2016 Referansebane Driftsbalanse Referansebane Overskudd off forv Scenario 1 Driftsbalanse Scenario 1 Overskudd off forv Scenario 2 Driftsbalanse Scenario 2 Overskudd off forv 0 % -1 % Ref Scen 1 Scen 2 Ref Scen 1 Scen 2 Ref Scen 1 Scen 2 2016 10
Scenario 1 & 2; Reduserte forventninger nesten like viktig som oljepris og investeringer 12 % 10,96 % 10 % 8 % -4,62% 6 % 6,34 % 4 % -4,2% 2 % 2,14 % 0 % Referansebane Scenario 1; Fall i oljepris, inv Scenario 2; fall i oljepris, inv, forventning Nominell boligprisvekst 2013-16 11
Hva om vi i tillegg normaliserer rentene? 8 % 7 % 6 % 5 % 4 % 3 % 2 % 1 % 0 % 2013 2014 2015 2016 Referansebane Renter ute Scenario 3 Renter ute Referansebane Norsk utlånsrente Scenario 3 Norsk utlånsrente Scenario 4 Norsk utlånsrente Scenario 3: raskere økning av rentene ute Scenario 4: 0,5% økt rentemargin for norske banker 12
Boligprisvekst i ulike scenarier (2013-16) 15 % 10 % 5 % 0 % -5 % -10 % -15 % Referansebane Scen 1: Oljepris, Scen 2: OP, OI, Scen 3: 2 + norm Scen 4: 3 + 0,5% inv ned forventninger ned renter/bnp ute økt rentemargin Nom prisstign 11,0 % 6,3 % 2,1 % 0,6 % -2,1 % Reell prisstign 4,8 % 0,6 % -3,6 % -8,2 % -10,9 % 13
Modellendring har betydelig virkning (prisvekst 2013-16)! 20 % 15 % Modellendring -5,8% 10 % 5 % Oljepris, inv: -4,8% O I + Forv: -4,2% Renteøkning: -4,2% 0 % -5 % Den gamle modellen Referansebane Scen 1: Oljepris, inv ned Scen 2: OP, OI, forventninger ned Scen 3: 2 + norm renter/bnp ute Scen 4: 3 + 0,5% økt rentemargin Nom prisstign 16,8 % 11,0 % 6,3 % 2,1 % 0,6 % -2,1 % 14
Avvik fra referansebanen til 2020 0,0 % -5,0 % -10,0 % -15,0 % -20,0 % -25,0 % 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Scenario 2: Oljepris, Inv, forventninger ned Scenario 4: I tillegg renter ute, margin opp Effekten av sjokkene størst etter ca 6 år Oljesjokk: boligpriser ca 12% ned ifht Ref Olje og rentesjokk: boligpriser ca 21% ned ifht Ref Effekten på realøkonomien i SSB s modell er moderat BNP maks 3,4% lavere enn Ref Realdisp. Innt maks 8,5% lavere Lønn maks 2,9% lavere Er det tenkelig at et slikt sjokk vil ha større effekt? 15
3. Hvor kan SSB s modell svikte? Viktigste innsigelse: Undervurderer modellen betydningen av oljen? Øystein Olsen, 2011 16
Øvrige merknader Kanskje prisvirkninger vil skje hurtigere Hvis alle aktører vet at faktorene vil endre seg som beskrevet i scenariene tilsier effisient markeds hypotesen en umiddelbar prisvirkning Ser bare på aggregerte data Kan være betydningsfullt med befolkningsstørrelse og arbeidsledighet selv om disponibel inntekt forblir uforandret Begrensede data; Fra 1986 frem til i dag (samme tidsrom som vi har opplevd en høy boligprisvekst) Ser bare på Norge Modellen er derved per design egnet til å forklare prisutviklingen i denne perioden 17
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