Havforskningsinstituttets samfunnsoppdrag bredspektret marin forskning hvor også geofysikken har sentral rolle

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1 Havforskningsinstituttets samfunnsoppdrag bredspektret marin forskning hvor også geofysikken har sentral rolle Svein Sundby, Sissel Rogne NORSK GEOFYSISK FORENINGS 100-års jubileum, Geilo, september 2017

2 OVERSIKT * Havforskningsinstituttet og norsk fiskerinæring * Et historisk tilbakeblikk * Havfysikken påvirker marine økosystemer * men hva med marine økosystemers påvirkning på havfysikken og atmosfærefysikken?

3 7 CHRISTINE BONNEVIE Byggjeår: brt. 56,8 m Byggjeår: brt. 74,5 m Eigar: NORAD

4 91, Petroleumsprodukter i 2016: 346 milliarder

5 Norsk eksport (milliarder kr.) Petroleumsprodukter Sjømat?

6 Vitenskapelige stab i Norges fiskeristyrelse 1903 Alf Wollebæk Bjørn HellandHansen Haaken H. Gran Knut Dahl Johan Hjort

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8 Scales of ecosystems impacts 100 AMO Temporal scale (years) ,1 0,01 0,001 Scales in focus Hjort (1914) Scales in focus H-H&N (1909) Gulf Stream Rings Frontal Oscillations NPI NAO NPGO ENSO Shelf seas oscillations 0,0001 Mesoscale Turbulence 1E-05 0, Spatial scale (km)

9 Period (years) Time scale (year) ,1 0,01 0,001 0, (km) Length scale (km) Ocean climate oscillations in the North Atlantic Interannual Decadal NAO Multidecadal AMO Global climate change o Temperature [ C] ICES symposium i Data sources of the Kola Section: PINRO Murmansk, and IMR Bergen

10 A. Contribution to Physical Changes Recent Climatic Fluctuations by Leo Lysgaard The increase in the Sea Temperature in Northern Waters during Recent Years by Jens Smed B. Contributions on Biological changes On Changes in the Marine Fauna on the North- Western Atlantic Area, with special reference to Greenland by Å. Vedel Tåning Climatic changes in the Arctic in relation to plants and animals Preface by Gunnar Rollefsen with Appendix: Enquiry into the Problem of Climate and Ecological Changes in Northern Waters Introductory address by Hans W:son Ahlmann Boreo-tended Changes in the Marine Vertebrate Fauna of Iceland during the last 25 years by Arni Fredriksson Fluctuations in the two most important Stocks of Fish in Northern Waters, the Cod and the Herring by Gunnar Rollefsen On Changes inthe Distribution of Terrestrial Animals in Relation to Climatic Changes by Poul Jespersen The Forecasting of Climatic Fluctuations and Its Importance to the Arctic Fisheries by Arthur Lee

11 Period (years) Time scale (year) ,1 0,01 0,001 0, (km) Length scale (km) Interannual Store økosystemeffekter av det multidekadiske signalet Decadal NAO Multidecadal AMO Global climate change o Temperature [ C] Data sources of the Kola Section: PINRO Murmansk, and IMR Bergen

12 Scales in focus Ecosystem change 100 AMO Temporal scale (years) ,1 0,01 0,001 Scales in focus Hjort (1914) Scales in focus H-H&N (1909) Gulf Stream Rings Frontal Oscillations NPI NAO NPGO ENSO Shelf seas oscillations 0,0001 Mesoscale Turbulence 1E-05 0, Spatial scale (km)

13 Top predators Piscivores OXYGEN SALINITY TEMPERATURE LIGHT TURBULENCE OCEAN Fish larvae and planktivores - Zooplankton CLIMATE TRANSPORT DISPERSAL VERTICAL MIXING Phytoplankton CARBON og NUTRIENTS

14 De fysiske prosessene i havet er grunnlaget for planktonproduksjonen i havet Jayne Doucette, WHOI Graphics

15 Vertikalvandring av krill kan skape storm i havdypet W/kg Saanich Inlet 28 April 2005 Kunze et al. (2006)

16 Global primary production x g C year -1 (46.2 % Ocean / 53.8 Land) Field et al. (1998)

17 The Earth s primary production: very adverse demands on land and in the ocean Height (m) Mount Everest Land: nutrient limitation ruled by precipitation and evaporation Ocean: nutrient limitation rules by wind and stratification Land: Ocean: Macroscopic Microscopic plants Light limited plants Nutrient limited Water limited Temperature limited Light limited Nutrient limited Temperature limited Wind Depth (m) Marianer Trench

18 Demands for global primary production (ecosystem) models: Correct cloud cover Correct representation of detritus and zooplankton fecal pellets with respect to: remineralization and dissolution sinking velocity Correct dynamics of the boundary layer and the mixing layer, particularly at the base of the mixing layer. Highly eddy-resolving IPPC AR5 WG2 Fig PP-1

19 Tropiske sykloner 20. sept Planteplanktonproduksjonen strukturerer vertikalfordelingen av kortbølget varmestråling i havet Klorfyllkonsentrasjon langtidsmidlet Forskjell i overflatetemperatur mellom klart vann og vann med blomstring er på 2,5-4,5 C

20 Ocean and atmosphere dynamics GEOSPHERE BIOSPHERE Marine ecosystems dynamics