Kjell Arne Mork, Francisco Rey, Henrik Søiland

Transkript

1 Argo data in the Norwegian Sea Kjell Arne Mork, Francisco Rey, Henrik Søiland Institute of Marine Research, Norway Euro-Argo User Workshop, Paris June 21

2 Outline Institute Marine Research s monitoring program and Argo floats in the Norwegian Sea Some results from Argo floats with extra sensors; Oxygen and Chlorophyll Mixed layer depth (from Argo floats) and Svedrup s critical depth Future plans

3 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the Nordic Seas (Greenland, Norwegian and Iceland Sea) Iceland Sea Greenland Sea Coastal water

4 CTD-stations from research vessel Hydrographic sections (taken few times per year) CTD-stations taken from from ships in 23. About 3 stations are taken yearly.

5 IMR-Norway deployed 11 floats from 22 to 26. In more floats are/will be deployed June 22 August 23 April 26 (includes oxygen and fluores.) May-July 21 4 APEX floats with Iridium telemetry, oxygen and chlorophyll In total more 3 Argo floats have been deployed in the Norwegian Sea, mainly by Germany and Norway Atlantic water Arctic water Coastal water

6 CTD-stations from research vessels and Argo floats in the Nordic Seas during 29 Argo (red), G.O.Sars (orange), J. Hjort (green), H. Mosby (blue)

7 Two Argo floats with extra sensors 78 o N 76 o N 74 o N 72 o N 7 o N 695 In 26 two Argo floats were deployed and also equipped with oxygen and chlorophyll (fluoressence) sensors. Parking depth:12 m 68 o N 5 days cycle during April-May 66 o N 62 o N 6 o N 64 o N Start (green dot): April 26 Last position (pink dot): May 29 Chlorophyll measurements only in the upper 3 m and during March-October to save energy 2 o W 15 o W 1 o W 5 o W o 5 o E 1 o E 2 o E 15 o E 2

8 Oxygen (umol/kg) 695

9 Oxygen (umol/kg)

10 The T/S profiles Depth (m m) Temperature ( o C) 2 4 (m) Depth ( Depth (m) Sigma-t (kgm -3 ) Salinity

11 Arctic Intermediate Water from the Greenland Sea? Depth (m m) Temperature ( o C) 2 Depth (m) Latitude Sigma-t (kgm -3 ) Depth (m) Sea Level Anomaly (cm) Salinity Longitude

12 Use Argo data for ecosystem studies and monitoring Key factors for plankton productivity: i Mixed layer depth (MLD) Sverdrup s Critical Depth (Dcr) Dcr: function of light and clarity of the water Net production/phytoplankton bloom starts when the mixed layer depth is less than a critical value (Dcr) The zooplankton migrates upward from the subsurface to the surface or near surface when the phytoplankton bloom starts.

13 MLD when using all Argo floats 8 o N 75 o N 7 o N 65 o N 6 o N 3 o W 2 o W 1 o W o 1 o E 2 o E More than 3 stations in the Norwegian Sea (red dots) during Mixed layer depth during the year (1 days window) with standard deviation

14 Chlorophyll, 2 mgm MLD, and Dcr Phytoplankton bloom starts approximately when MLD<Dcr Dcr 78 o N Depth (m) cr Argo Fluor MLD D cr -1 May6 Jul6 Oct6 Jan7 Apr7 Jul7 Oct7 Jan8 Apr8 Jul8 Oct o N 76 o N 2 mgm o N 72 o N o N 68 o N Depth (m) o N o N 6 o N 2 o W 15 o W 1 o W 5 o W Start (green dot): April 26 Last position (pink dot): May 29 o 5 o E 1 o E 15 o E 2 o E 1 Fluor MLD 12 D cr Argo 695 May6 Jul6 Oct6 Jan7 Apr7 Jul7 Oct7 Jan8 Apr8 Jul8 Oct

15 Timing of spring bloom in the Norwegian Sea using all Argo data (MLD) and Sverdrup s Critical Depth Depth (m) MLD 45 D cr 5 JanApr JunSepDecMarJunSepDecMar JunSepDecMarJunSepDecMarJunSepDecMar JunSepNov Mixed layer depth and Sverdrup s critical depth (Dcr) D cr - MLD (m) Num mber of observation Jan Apr Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec June 7 May 3 May 8 May 3-1 Jan Apr Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec Mar Jun Sep Dec

16 Ocean Weather Station M ( ) The longest existing homogeneous time series from the deep ocean M Temperature and Salinity at 2 m depth Replace the ship with an Argo float at OWS M?

17 Argo float at a fix position (OWS M) M Ideas, experience, suggestions are welcome!

18 Future plans Apply for long-term funding from the Norwegian Research Council for membership to the Euro-Argo ERIC. Deadline for proposal: 13 October 21. Several institutes in Norway are interested in Argo data e.g. IMR, met.no and NERSC in MyOcean, the Norwegian Polar Institute, and the University of Bergen (Use of Argo included in a course Operational Oceanography ) Continue to use Argo data in ecosystem studies, and we are interested in using biogeochemical sensors.

19 Thank you