Lkkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks fujarj lq/kkj VwyfdV

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3 Lkkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks fujarj lq/kkj VwyfdV laldj.k 2.0 (Version 2.0) fgunh vuqokn ;wusldks ps;j vkwu de;wfuvh ehfm;k (UNESCO Chair on Community Media) with support from (lg;ksxh) vkbzfm;ksflad ehfm;k deckbu (Ideosync Media Combine)

4 dkweuosyfk,m~;qds kuy ehfm;k lsavj QkWj,f k;k (CEMCA)],d varjkz Vzh; lalfkk gs] ftldk fuekz.k dkweuosyfk vkwq yfuzax (COL)] }kjk fd;k x;k Fkk] tks owudksoj] dukmk esa gsa bldk mn~ns ; vkbz.lh.vh (ICT)] dk lkfkzd] izklafxd rfkk mfpr mi;ksx djds],f k;k ds dkweuosyfk lnl; ns kksa dks f k{kk rfkk izf k{k.k iznku djuk gsa lh.bz.,e.lh.,. (CEMCA) dks Hkkjr esa] ;qukbvsm us kal (fizfoystl,am be;quvhl),dv] 1947 ds lsd ku 3 ds rgr jktuf;d fo ks kkf/kdkj rfkk Lok/khurk izkir gsa lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks fujarj lq/kkj VwyfdV laldj.k 2.0 fgunh vuqokn ys[kd% fouksn ikojkyk] dapu ds efyd] oklqdh csykokmh] vkfnr; ns kca/kq] izhfr j?kqukfk ( cmchair[dot]uoh[at]gmail[dot]com). fganh vuqokn% xq.korh eamy, vuqiek >k, dapu ds efyd,oa fgefcunq fparkdqavk izwq jhfmax% lqfprk xksvheqdqy o vuuiw.kkz flugk Copyright CEMCA, Community Radio Continuous Improvement Toolkit, Version 2.0 is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0 License (International): This Hindi version has been printed in bl iqflrdk esa O;Dr fd, x, lkjs fopkj mu ys[kdksa ds gsa] ftugksaus bls fy[kk gsa ;s lh.bz.,e.lh.,. (CEMCA) ;k lh.vks.,y. (COL) ds vius fopkj ugha gsaa blesa nh xbz tkudkjh rfkk lkjh lsok,a dkwihjkbv gksymj dh viuh gsa rfkk uke ds o.kzu ek= ls lh.bz.,e.lh., (CEMCA) ;k lh.vks.,y. (COL) budk vuqeksnu ugha djrka jk VzeaMy yfuzax vksj jk VzeaMy ksf{kd dsanz],f k;k (CEMCA), 13/14, lozfiz; fogkj] ubz fnyyh dh forrh; enn lsa ;wusldks ps;j vkwu de;wfuvh ehfm;k }kjk 2015 esa izdkf kr vksj eqfnzra vksj tkudkjh ds fy, laidz djsa% ;wusldks ps;j vkwu de;wfuvh ehfm;k ( drkanchan[at]uohyd[dot]ac[dot]in)

5 fo k;&lwph izlrkouk /ku;okn kcn la{ksi I. Hkwfedk vksj i` BHkwfe 1) lunhkz 2) ospkfjd <+kapk 2a) fujarj lq/kkj 2b) lg f k{kk (dks-yfuzax) vksj izfdz;k esa kkfey O;fDr;ksa dk lewg (Community of Practice) 2c) lhvkj&lhvkbvh ds?kvd 3) dk;ziz.kkyh II vkre ijh{k.k@vkadyu (Self-Assessment) vksj lgdehz leh{kk (Peer Review) izfdz;k +1) vkids VwyfdV dk ifjp; 1a) lhvkj&lhvkbvh D;k gs\ 1b) lhvkj&lhvkbvh dk blrseky dksu dj ldrk gs\ 1c) lhvkj&lhvkbvh dk blrseky D;ksa djuk pkfg,\ 1d) lhvkj&lhvkbvh dk blrseky dc djuk pkfg,\ 2) vkre ijh{k.k@vkadyu vksj lgdehz leh{kk izfdz;k: dzekuqlkj 2a) lgdehz leh{kdksa dk dk;z 2b) vkvks kq:vkr djsaa Vi Viii X ) lhvkjlhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dk lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks (lhvkj,l CRS) }kjk blrseky gsrq psdfylv (Checklist) 12 III fn kk&funszf kdk@mi;ksxdrkz xkbm 1) duvsav (Content) mriknu vksj izksxzkfeax (Programming) 2) uhfr;ka vksj fn kkfunsz ku 14 18

6 3) (Volunteers) 4) rduhd (Technology): mi;ksx vksj izca/ku 5) izlkj.k ds vkwu,;j ekud (On Air Standards) 6) kklu 7) izfrfdz;k,a vksj f kdk;rsa 8) duvsav (Content) lghkktu vksj usvofdzax 9) vk; mriknu vksj forrh; tokcnsgh IV. VwyfdV vkxs dh jhfmaxl

7 izlrkouk lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks,d,sls izhkko kkyh vksj l kdr ek/;e ds :i esa mhkj jgk gs tks mu fueulrjh; vfhko;fdr;ksa dks viuh vkokt+ nsrk gs] ftudh ckr vc rd vulquh vksj vudgh jg x;h gsa bl le;] ;gka vkwau&,;j yxhkx 170 lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs ku (CRS) gsa vksj vuqekur% 500 ls Hkh vf/kd lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs ku (CRS) fuekz.k ds vyx&vyx pj.kksa esa gsa Hkkjr esa lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks ds,d n kd ds vuqhkoksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] lapkj ds bl izhkko kkyh ek/;e dks vf/kd csgrj iz kklu nsus gsrq vkre&leh{kk ra= ds xbu ij fopkj fd;k x;ka CEMCA lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks ds lkfk] uhfr glr{ksi ls ysdj O;kogkfjd vh;kl rd] xgu :Ik ls tqm+k gs vksj blfy, bl vko ;drk dks iwjk djus ds fy, ;g lcls ;ksx; lkfcr gksrk gsa bl fn kk esa lh.bz.,e.lh.,. (CEMCA) dk ;g /;s; jgk gs fd] og kks/k vk/kkfjr VwyfdV ds ek/;e ls lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs kuksa dh lgk;rk djs] rkfd os fujarj lq/kkj dh fn kk esa vxzlj gksaa CEMCA }kjk ;wusldks ps;j vkwu de;wfuvh ehfm;k (UNESCO Chair on Community Media) dks iznku dh xbz ifj;kstuk ^lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks lq/kkjkred VwyfdV fodkl*] ds pj.k I esa lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks lq/kkjkred VwyfdV & lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT)] laldj.k 1.0, tkjh fd;k x;ka lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) vklkuh ls mi;ksx esa yk;k tk ldus okyk,d <+kapk miyc/k djkrk gs] tks lhvkj (CR) LVs kuksa dks fu;fer rksj ij vius dk;z fu iknu dk vkadyu djus esa enn djrk gsa bl VwyfdV dk fuekz.k dqn fcanqvksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj fd;k x;k gs - (,d) jk Vzh; lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks uhfr fn kkfunszf kdk (Hkkjr esa)] ftlesa vusd vfuok;z izko/kku gs( vksj (nwljk) lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks ds dqn varjkz Vzh; fl)kar ftu ij dksbz le>ksrk lahko ugha gsa] tsls fd lkeqnkf;d Hkkxhnkjh vksj LokfeRo] gkf k;s ij jg jgs lewgksa dk lekos k vksj mu rd igqap] fyax ds vk/kkj ij lekurk] lkeqnk; }kjk mrikfnr duvsav (Content), LFkkuh; lald`fr;ksa vksj igpku dks egrro] vksj dk;z O;ogkj esa tokcnsgh vksj ikjnf kzrka o kz 2012 vksj 2013 ds nksjku fodflr bl VwyfdV (Toolkit) dks vf/kd ifjekftzr :Ik nsus ds fy, fujarj dk;z vksj VwyfdV (Toolkit) dh izfdz;k ds lkfk&lkfk duvsav (content) ij Hkh izfrfdz;k izkir djus gsrq] geus jsfm;ks,fdvo (Radio Active)] csaxyksj] xqm+xkao dh vkokt+ (Gurgaon Ki Awaaz -GKA), xqm+xkao] #Mh uks jsfm;ks (Rudi no Radio)] vgenkckn] vksj cksy gsnjkckn (Bol Hyderabad)] gsnjkckn esa QhYM VsfLVax dk vk;kstu fd;ka geus ckaxykns k esa Hkh jsfm;ks vksj de;wfuds ku ds fy, ckaxykns k,uthvksl (Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication) ds lg;ksx ls ogka QhYM VsfLVax dk vk;kstu djk;ka dkweuosyfk,m~;qds kuy ehfm;k lasvj QkWj,f k;k (CEMCA)] ^fodkl ds fy, f k{kk* vksj gkf k;s ij jgus okys lewgksa vksj leqnk;ksa dks lefkz cukus ds fy, okrkoj.k rs;kj djus ds vius y{; gsrq dkweuosyfk,f k;k] [kkl dj Hkkjr vksj caxykns k esa lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks dks izksrlkfgr dj jgk gsa bu leqnk;ksa dh vyx&vyx t+:jrksa vksj muds y{;ksa,oa miyc/k lalk/kuksa esa fofo/krk dks ns[krs gq, xq.korrk lqfuf pr djus ds fy, flqz,d lalfkkxr <kapk ns nsuk dkqh ugha gsa bl ckr dks eglwl djrs gq, lh.bz.,e.lh.,. (CEMCA) us vkre ijh{k.k@vkadyu vksj lgdfez;ksa ds lkfk dh tkus okyh leh{kk dh enn ls lhvkj (CR) dh dk;z iz.kkyh esa lq/kkj dh lahkkouk dks ryk kuk kq: fd;ka leqnk; [ftlds fy, lhvkj (CR) dke djrk gs)] }kjk eku; xq.korrk@ekud dks cuk, j[kus dh dksf k k dh izfdz;k dks vf/kd lqn`<+ cukuk gekjk izeq[k vi

8 y{; gsa ^fujarj lq/kkj* vksj ^lg&f k{kk* dks crksj ^xq.korrkk* dh uhao dh rjg Lohdkj dj] ns khkj ds pkj lhvkj (CR) LVs kuksa esa fd;s x;s QhYM&VsfLVax ds nksjku izkir O;kid izfrfdz;kvksa dks vk/kkj ekurs gq,] vksj lkfk gh vu; vkb LVs ku izfrfuf/k;ksa (tks izfdz;k esa crksj lgdehz kkfey gq,) dh vksj ls izkir izfrfdz;kvksa ds lkfk] ;wfufozflvh vkwq gsnkjkckn] ;wusldks ps;j vkwu de;wfuvh ehfm;k us lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks fujarj lq/kkj VwyfdV (CR-CIT) ds 2.0 laldj.k dks rs;kj fd;ka ckaxykns k esa fd;s x;s QhYM VsfLVax vksj izek.khdj.k ds nksjku izkir izfrfdz;kvksa dks Hkh bl laldj.k esa fy;k x;k gsa lhvkj&lhvkbvh (CR-CIT) laldj.k 2.0 esa izlrkfor lgdehz leh{kk izfdz;k (Peer Review Process) ij,d folr`r v/;k; Hkh kkfey fd;k x;k gsa fujarj lq/kkj dh Hkkouk dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, bl VwyfdV esa Hkh fujarj cnyko gks jgs gsaa lkfk gh lgdehz leh{kdksa dks rs;kj djus dh vko ;drk gs] rkfd os lhvkj-lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dk mi;ksx dj ldsaa CEMCA lhvkj LVs kuksa dh enn djrk jgsxk rkfd os LoSfNd :i ls lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dks viuk ldsa vksj izxfr ifk ij fujarj vxzlj gks ldsaa bldk lexz /;s;,d,sls okrkoj.k ds l`tu dk gs] tgka Lo;a&lq/kkj gks lds vksj ftlls lghkkfx;ksa dh lgdehz leh{kd {kerk c<+ lds] rkfd os lgdehz lhvkj (CR) LVs kuksa dh lgk;rk dj ldsaa lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) ml dbksj ifjje dk ifj.kke gs] ftls izksqslj fouksn ikojkyk] ;wfuldks ps;j (UNESCO Chair), ;wfuoflzvh vkwq gsnjkckn (University of Hyderabad) ds fn kkfunsz k esa fu.kkrksa }kjk fd;k x;k gsa ge mugsa vksj mudh Vhe dks /ku;okn dguk pkgsaxsa lkfk gh] ge mu lc fo ks kkksa dk Hkh /ku;okn djrs gsa] ftugksaus lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) ds bl laldj.k dks izekf.kr djus ds fy, glr{ksi fd;k vksj,d u;k :i nsus esa enn dha gekjk ;g uez iz;kl rhkh lqy gksxk tc ge bl VwyfdV dh enn ls lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds gj vk;ke dh xq.korrk dks csgrj cuk ldsaxsa bl VwyfdV ij vki&lc ds fopkj vkeaf=r gs] ftlds t+fj;s bl VwyfdV esa lahkkfor lq/kkj ykdj bldh mi;ksfxrk dks c<+k;k tk ldsa lat; fejk Mk;jsDVj dkweuosyfk,m~;qds kuy ehfm;k lsavj QkWj,f k;k (CEMCA) vii

9 /ku;okn Kkiu de;wfuvh jsfm;ks ikwafylh dh?kks k.kk gksus ds 10 lky ckn, Hkkjr esa vkt fofhkuu HkkSxksfyd {ks=ksa esa vyx&vyx lalfkkvksa }kjk 160 ls vf/kd jsfm;ks LVs kuksa dh LFkkiuk gks pqdh gs] tks Jksrkvksa dh,d folr`r la[;k ls tqm+s gsaa vkt ;s lkjs LVs ku vpns bjkns vksj viuh iwjh dkfcfy;r ds lkfk vius&vius {ks=ksa esa dk;zjr gsaa bu jsfm;ks LVs ku dh cgqewy; lsok;as mu leqnk;ksa dh t+:jr ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gsa] ftuds chp ;s dk;zjr gsaa ; fi] lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks ds {ks= eas dkqh ksf{kd kks/k gq, gsa] lkfk gh bl dk;zdze ds izhkkodkjh vkadyu fjikszv miyc/k gsa] ftls forrh; lgk;rk iznku djus okyh fons kh lalfkkvksa ds fy, rs;kj fd;k x;k gsa ijurq lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs ku dh xq.korrk c<+kus vksj Lor% vkadyu dh izfdz;k esa lgk;d VwyfdV ds fuekz.k dh rjq Bksl vksj fo oluh; iz;kl ux.; gsa bl deh dks iwjk djus gssrq ;wusldks ps;j vkwau de;wfuvh ehfm;k [UNESCO Chair on Community Media]] ;wfuoflzvh vkwq gsnjkckn dh fjlpz Vhe us lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks fujarj lq/kkj VwyfdV (CR-CIT) 2.0 laldj.k [Version 2.0] dk fodkl fd;k gsa ge MkWDVj lat; fejk] Mk;jsDVj] dkweuosyfk,m~;qds kuy ehfm;k lasvj QkWj,f k;k (CEMCA) ubz fnyyh ds vkhkkjh gsa fd mugksaus bl rjg ds VwyfdV dh vko ;drk dks c[k+qch igpkuk vksj ;wusldks ps;j dks ;g dk;z iznku fd;ka CEMCA dh iwoz izksxzke vkwfqlj] MkWDVj #fde.kh osejktw] bl izkstsdv ds kq:vkrh nksj esa izksrlkgu dk L=ksr jgha vksj bl izfdz;k esa vius fopkjksa ds t+fj;s gekjs iz;kl dks mugksaus,d ubz jkg fn[kkbza MkW. vadqj.k nrrkk] ftugksaus muls izksxzke vkwafqlj dk dk;zhkkj lahkkyk] us bl izfdz;k ds nksjku ns k ds fofhkuu LFkkuksa ij gks jgs {ks= ijh{k.kksa dh tkudkjh j[kha vk kh k lsu] tks AMARC,f k;k isflfqd ls lacaf/kr gsa] vksj CEMCA ds lykgdkj gsa] mugksaus Hkh bl dk;z ij djhch ut+j j[kh vksj [kkldj {ks= ijh{k.k ds nksjku mi;ksxh jk; nha bl VwyfdV ds fuekz.k ds nksjku nks dk;z kkykvksa dk vk;kstu gqvka bu dk;z kkykvksa esa gq, fopkj&foe kz esas ns k Hkj ds fofhkuu lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs kuksa ds izfrfuf/k;ksa us Hkkx fy;ka lkfk gh lkfk,moksdslh] kks/k vksj {kerk fuekz.k ds fy, dk;zjr dbz de;wfuvh jsfm;ks fo ks kk Hkh bl fopkj&foe kz esa kkfey gq,a ge mu lc dks rgs fny ls /ku;okn nsrs gsa] ftugksaus gekjs fopkjksa vksj ladyiukvksa dks viuk;k vksj t+ehuh tqm+ko ds lkfk&lkfk vius jk Vzh;@vUrjkZ Vzh; vuqhkoksa ds vk/kkj ij egrroiw.kz lq>ko fn,a bl VwyfdV ds izkjafhkd laldj.k dk ns k ds pkj lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs kuksa esa Bksl :i ls {ks= ijh{k.k fd;k x;k] ftlesa vu; vkb jsfm;ks LVs kuksa ds lgdfez;ksa dk vfrfjdr lg;ksx Hkh kkfey FkkA ftl izdkj ls fofhkuu lghkkfx;ksa (stakeholders) us vklkuh ls lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT)s ds vkre izf k{k.k izfdz;k dks n`<+rkiwozd iwjk fd;k] mlls gekjk bl VwyfdV dh {kerk vksj egrro ij fo okl vksj c<+ x;k gsa {ks= ijh{k.k ds nksjku izlrkfor ifjorzuksa vksj la kks/kuksa dks vc lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT)s laldj.k 2.0 esa lfeefyr fd;k x;k gsa bl u;s laldj.k 2.0 dks ckaxykns k esa :ikarj.k] izek.khdj.k vksj {ks= ijh{k.k dh izfdz;k ls Hkh cgqr ykhk gqvk gs] tgka ns k ds lhkh 16 lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs kuksa us mrlqdrk ls Hkkx fy;ka ge Jh,,p,e ct+ywj jgeku] lhbzvks] ckxykns k usvodz vkwq,uthvksl QkWj jsfm;ks,.m de;wfuds ku (BNNRC) vksj mudh lfdz; Vhe dk bl dk;z dks lqxe cukus ds fy, gkfnzd viii

10 vkhkkj O;Dr djrs gsaa ge BNNRC ds fy;s Hkh /ku;okn nsuk pkgrs gsaa dks lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dk caxkyh esa vuqokn djus geus kh?kz gh ;g le{k fy;k gs fd lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dks Hkkjrh; Hkk kkvksa esa miyc/k djk dj blds egrro dks vksj c<+k;k tk ldrk gsa bl rjg LVs ku ls tqm+s yksx fcuk fdlh ckgjh lgk;rk ds Lo;a bldk vklkuh ls mi;ksx dj ldsaxsa bl fn kk easa] ge vkbzfm;ksflad ehfm;k deckbu] ubz fnyyh ds lkfk feydj] bl fgunh laldj.k dks la;ksftr djus esa lqy jgs gsaa vuqokn dh bl izfdz;k dks lqfo/kktud cukus ds fy, ge vkbzfm;ksflad dh os.kq vjksjk ds vkhkkjh gsaa ;g dk;z fnyyh esa vuqiek >k vksj gsnjkckn esa xq.korh eamy }kjk fd;s x;s l{ke vuqokn ds fcuk lahko ugha FkkA ge bl laldj.k ds izwq i<+us vksj ;wusldks ps;j Vhe ds lkfk bls laiw.kz :Ik nsus ds fy, lqfprk xksvheqdqy vksj vuuiw.kkz flugk dks Hkh /ku;okn nsrs gsaa dqn vu; Hkk kkvksa esa Hkh vuqokn ij dk;z t+kjh gsa VkVk lkekftd fokku lalfkku (TISS) ds lkeqnkf;d ehfm;k dk;zdze ls tqm+h lqjh egkizkk uk;d] tks lky 2013 dh xfez;ksa esa gekjs lkfk crksj bavuz dk;zjr jgha] us bl izkstsdv ds izkjafhkd nksj esa egrroiw.kz ;skxnku fn;ka bl izkstsdv ds nwljs pj.k esa fgefcunq fparkdqavk us kks/k lgk;d ds :i esa dk;z fd;k vksj blds fofhkuu?kvdksa esa viuk egrriw.kz ;ksxnku fn;ka ;wfuoflzvh vkwq gsnjkckn (University of Hyderabad) us gekjh lkjh xfrfof/k;ksa ds lapkyu esa,d egrroiw.kz Hkwfedk fuhkkbz gsa fo ofo ky; ds cksf)d okrkoj.k] lajpukred vksj iz kklfud lqfo/kk ds fcuk lkeqnkf;d ehfm;k ij ;wusldks ps;j esa gekjk dke dfbu gks tkrka ge CEMCA dk;kzy; esa vkj-r;kxjktu vksj gsnjkckn fo ofo ky; ds lapkj fohkkx esa efyydktqzu ;kno dks rgs fny ls /ku;okn nsrs gsaa muds iz;kl ls gesa vuqnku le; ij feyrk jgk vksj gekjk dk;z vkxs c<+rk jgka vxlr 2013 ls lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dk izfke laldj.k lkoztfud rksj ij miyc/k gsa rc ls cgqr lkjs lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs kuksa us bls LosPNkiwoZd ({ks= ijh{k.k ds ckgj) vkreijh{k.k ds fy, viuk;k gsa leqnk; ds izfr viuh lsokvksa esa fujarj lq/kkj ykus dks rrij vf/kd&ls&vf/kd lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs kuksa }kjk bl VwyfdV dks viuk;k tkuk gh bldh lqyrk dk izek.k gksxka gesa meehn gs fd ge,d vkwuykbu IysVQkWeZ] de;wfuvh vkwq izsfdvl (Community of Practice), tgka lghkkxh vius vuqhko lk>k dj ldsaxs] dk fuekz.k dj vius bl y{; dks izkir djus esa lqy gksaxsa gsnjkckn ebz 2014 fouksn ikojkyk dapu ds efyd oklqdh csykokmh vkfnr; ns kca/kq izhfr j?kqukfk ;wusldks ps;j vkwu de;wfuvh ehfm;k Vhe ix

11 kcn la{ksi AIR All India Radio AMARC World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters BECIL Broadcast Engineering Consultants India Limited CoP Community of Practice CR Community Radio CR-CIT Community Radio Continuous Improvement Toolkit CRMC Community Radio Management Committee CRS Community Radio Station LOI Letters of Intent MGNREGA Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act MIB Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India NGO Non-Governmental Organisation UNESCO United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNICEF United Nations Children s Fund x

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15 I Hkwfedk vksj i` BHkwfe 1. lunhkz lunhkz mppre U;k;y; us lky 1995 esa,d,sfrgkfld QSlyk fn;k Fkk] ftlesa ok;qrjaxksa dks lkoztfud laifrr?kksf kr fd;k x;ka bl QSlys ds dkj.k Hkkjr esa lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks,d os/; oklrfodrk cu x;k gsa Hkkjr ljdkj us lky 2006 esa vius lky 2003 esa tkjh fn kkfunsz kksa esa cnyko fd,a bl cnyko ds dkj.k vc flfoy lkslkbvh (civil society) Hkh viuk lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks (CR) LVs ku LFkkfir dj ldrh gsa ;g lqfo/kk 2006 ls igys dsoy ks{kf.kd lalfkkuksa dks izkir FkhA 1,evkbZch (MIB) osclkbzv (website) ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa djhc 160 lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs ku dk;zjr gsa (buesa ksf{kd lalfkk,a] dsohds [KVK] vksj flfoy lkslk;vh leqnk; }kjk LFkkfir jsfm;ks LVs ku kkfey gsa) A buesa flfoy lkslk;vh (civil society) lalfkkuksa }kjk lapkfyr jsfm;ks LVs ku,d frgkbz ls Hkh de gsaa vc rd djhc 1238 vkosnu i= izkir gksus ij dqy 436 vk k; i= (LOIs) t+kjh fd;s x, gsaa 2 gkykafd] tc ls lhvkj (CR) LVs ku kq: gqq, gsa] mudh izksxzkfeax] lkeqnkf;d LokfeRo,oa izca/ku] duvsav lksflzax (content sourcing)] LFkkf;Ro vksj bl rjg ds nwljs eqn~nksa ij cgl py jgh gsa lalfkk,a tks bu LVs kuksa dks pyk jgh gsa] muesa vr;f/kd fofo/krk gs vkssj bl fofo/krk ds dkj.k gh lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks (CR) dk;zdzeksa ds duvsav (content) esa O;kidrk vksj muds izca/ku esa fofo/krk ut+j vkrh gsa le; vk x;k gs fd Hkkjr ds lhvkj (CR) LVs ku vius vuqhko dk vkrefo ys k.k O;ofLFkr <ax ls djsa vksj bl dk;z ds t+fj;s,,e,vkjlh (AMARC) vksj ;wusldks (UNESCO) tsls varjkz Vzh; lkeqnf;d jsfm;ks ds ewy fl)karksa ls viuh rqyuk djsaa lkfk gh ;s vius lkfkh jk Vzh; vksj varjkz Vzh; LVs kuksa ds dk;zdzeksa dh lokszre izfkkvksa vksj dke djus ds rjhdksa ls [kqn dh rqyuk dj ldrs gsa oklro esa] lwpuk vksj izlkj.k ea=ky; us Qjojh 2014 esa lhvkj LVs kuksa ds fy, lgdehz leh{kd izfdz;k vkjahk dha ;g VwyfdV lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs ku esa fujarj lq/kkj ds fy, gsa bl izfdz;k dk eq[; mn~ns ; lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds izn kzu dh xq.korrk esa lq/kkj ykuk gs vksj ;g xq.korrk lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds eq[; fl)karksa esa fufgr gsa,,e,vkjlh (AMARC) (lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks izlkjdksa dk varjkz Vzh; la?kvu) vksj ;wusldks (UNESCO) ds nlrkostksa ds vuqlkj lhvkj LVs ku (CR station)esa fueukafdr xq.k gksus pkfg, 3 % 1 Hkkjr esa lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks ds fy, flfoy lkslkbzvh ds vfhk;ku dh iwjh tkudkjh ds fy, ns[ksa] Pavarala,Vinod and Malik, Kanchan K. (2007). Other Voices: the struggle for community radio in India, New Delhi: Sage Publication. 2 Figures as of August 1, Source: Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Facts and Figures. Last Accessed on April 12, Pavarala and Malik, p.18. 1

16 Ikgpku fd, gqbz leqnk; ds fy, dk;zjr gksa lapkj ra= dk iwjh rjg ls iztkra=h;dj.k djus dh rjq igys dne ds :i eas ehfm;k laca/kh lqfo/kkvksa] izf k{k.k] mriknu vksj forj.k tslh lqfo/kkvksa ds mi;ksx dks c<+kok nsa leqnk; ds fdlh Hkh lnl; dks lapkj vkjehk djus vksj dk;zdze dk fuekz.k vksj vkadyu djus dh izfdz;k ls tqm+us dk volj iznku djsa lkfk gh LFkkuh; jpukred izfrhkk dks izksrlkfgr djs vksj LFkkuh; ijeijk dk laj{k.k vksj ikyu djsa ckgjh L=ksr ij fuhkzjrk c<+kus okyh rduhd dk blrseky u dj leqnk; dh vkffkzd {kerk ds vuqlkj rduhd dk pquko djsa leqnk; dh [kq kgkyh ls izsfjr gks] O;olkf;d lksp ls ughaa lwpuk ds mriknd vksj izkirdrkz ds chp fopkj&foe kz dks c<+kok iznku djsa leqnk; ds lnl;ksa }kjk lapkfyr vksj muds LokfeRo esa gksa leqnk; ;k mlds izfrfuf/k;ksa dh jsfm;ks dk;zdzeksa ds vk;&o;; izca/ku esa Hkkxhnkjh gksa lwpuk ds vf/kdkj dks c<+kok ns] tkudkjh vksj fopkjksa ds Lora= izlkj ds lkfk jpukred vfhko;fdr dks izksrlkfgr djs] lkfk gh iztkrkaf=d izfdz;k vksj,d cgqyoknh lekt ds fuekz.k esa viuk ;ksxnku nsa vius dk;zdzeksa ds uhfr fu/kkzj.k eas ljdkj] O;kolkf;d vksj /kkfezd lalfkkvksa vksj jktusfrd ny ls LorU= gksa vyila[;d vksj gkf k;s ij jg jgs ykasxksa dks ehfm;k mi;ksx djus dk vf/kdkj iznku djs vksj lkald`frd,oa Hkk kkbz fofo/krk dk laj{k.k dj] mls Qyus&Qwyus dk volj iznku djss] vksj,slh iz kklfud] izca/ku] izksxzkfeax (programming) vksj fu;qfdr laca/kh iz.kkyh dk vuqlj.k djs] tks lg;ksfx;ksa] dezpkfj;ksa] vksj Lo;alsodksa (volunteers) ds fy, [kqyh] HksnHkko eqdr vksj tokcnsg gksa 2. ospkfjd&<+kapk 2a) fujarj lq/kkj bl ifj;kstuk dk izeq[k mn~ns ; Hkkxhnkjh dh izfdz;k }kjk,d VwyfdV dk fuekz.k djuk gs] tks mpp f k{kk lfgr nwljs cgqr lkjs fohkkxksa }kjk viuk;h x;h ^fujarj lq/kkj* QzseodZ ij vk/kkfjr gksxha ;gka] fujarj lq/kkj dk rkri;z de;wfuvh jsfm;ks LVs ku ds izlkj.k duvsv (content) ds lkfk&lkfk mlds izca/ku vksj mriknu esa fujarj lq/kkj dh izfdz;k ls gsa ;gka ;g crkuk t+:jh gs fd ^^fujarj lq/kkj dksbz fo ks k ra= ;k dqn djus dk dksbz [k+kl rjhdk ugha gsa] njvly og,d lksp ;k ekufld flfkfr gs] tks bl ckr ij ;dhu j[krk gs fd fdlh Hkh dk;z esa ges kk lq/kkj dh lahkkouk cuh jgrh gs vksj gj izfdz;k,d lq+j gs] tks dhkh Hkh [kre ugha gksrka** 4 ^fujarj lq/kkj* vkf[kj D;ksa\ bl <+kaps dks viukus dk izeq[k mn~ns ; gs],d,slh fof/k }kjk [kqn dk vkadyu djuk tks fdlh ckgjh ra=] [kkl dj vuqnku iznku djus okyh lalfkkvksa }kjk 4 Manchester Metropolitan University, Continuous Improvement Toolkit to Support Improvement and Innovation in Higher Education, p.3. Retrieved 12 June 2013 from 2

17 blrseky dh x;h i)fr;ksa ls gvdj gs] ftudk iwjk /;ku bl ckr ij jgrk gs fd muds }kjk iznrr jkf k dk mi;ksx lgh rjhds ls gks jgk gs ;k ughaa 5 lghkkxhrkiw.kz muufr ds lefkzd fo}ku vksj O;olk;h@izsfDV kuj (practitioners) dk vkt ;g er gs% leqnk; vk/kkfjr iz;kl l{ke gks fd os Lo;a vius,sls csapekdz ;k y{; r; dj ik,] ftlds vk/kkj ij og vius izn kzu dk fu;fer :Ik ls vkadyu dj ldrs gsaa ;g,d lghkkxhrkiw.kz] yphyh vksj ;FkkFkZoknh izfdz;k gsa ;g n`f Vdks.k ehfm;k esa vleku kfdr laca/kksa] tsamj vlekurk] vfhktkr oxz ds,dkf/kir; dks izdv djrk gsa ;g lekos k] [kqyk laokn] fo okl] Kku vksj dq kyrk dh lk>snkjh] vksj fujarj lh[kus dh izfdz;k tsls fl)karksa dks egrro nsrk gsa 6 fujarj lq/kkj ds ekwmy dk mi;ksx izca/ku vksj f k{kk ds {ks= eas fd;k x;k gsa vxj ge bl ekwmy dk mi;ksx lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks ds {ks= esa djrs gsa, rks igys gesa bu iz uksa ds mrrj <wa<+usa gksaxsa 7 % 1. vius jsfm;ks LVs ku ds t+fj;s ge D;k izkir djuk pkgrs gsa\ 2. ge ;g dsls irk yxk,axs fd ;g cnyko njvly lq/kkj gas\ 3. lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks dh lsokvksa esa lq/kkj ykus ds fy;s fdl rjg ds cnyko dh t+:jr gs\ 2b) lg f k{kk (dks-yfuzax) vksj vh;kljr leqnk; (Community of Practice) Lkkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks fujarj lq/kkj VwyfdV ds fuekz.k dh leiw.kz izfdz;k dh vo/kkj.kk,d lghkkxhrkiw.kz vksj lg&f k{kk dks egrro nsus okys okrkoj.k ds varxzr fodflr gqbz gs] tks fueufyf[kr fl)karksa ij vk/kkfjr gs% lgdfez;ksa dk,d nwljs ls lh[kus dh izfdz;k] Kku dh lk>snkjh],d nwljs ds izfr leeku dh Hkkouk] ikjlifjd fo okl vksj fdlh lunhkz esa lkewfgd vksj O;fDrxr lp vkfn dks egro nsuka 8 vc rd bl iz;kl ds rgr vk;ksftr dk;z kkyk,a vksj dk;zdze lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks izsfdv uj (practitioner) dks y?kq vof/k (short term) esa vkre ifjhkkf kr fn kk&funsz k fu/kkzfjr djus esa lgk;rk ns ldrs gsa] tcfd gekjk e/;e vksj nh?kz dkyhu y{;,d vh;kljr leqnk; dk fuekz.k djuk gsa ^vh;kljr leqnk;* (Community of Practice) ls gekjk eryc yksaxksa ds,d,sls lewg ls gs tks fdlh [kkl dke dks djus dk tt+ck j[krs gsa vksj lkfk gh ml dke dks csgrj cukus dh dksf k k esa Hkh yxs jgrs gsa vksj bl iz;kl ds varxzr os vkil esa fu;fer rksj ij feyrs vksj fopkj&foe kz djrs gsaa osatj (Wenger), esdmjeksv (McDermott) vksj LukbMj (Snyder)] us crk;k gs fd fdl rjg,d ^vh;kljr leqnk;* dk fodkl gksrk gs vksj og bl izfdz;k esa Hkkx ysus okys gj lnl; dh csgrjh ds fy, dke djrk gs% 5 For an excellent critique of methods of evaluation used in communication for development, see Lennie, June and Tacchi, Jo (2013). Evaluating Communication for Development: a framework for social change, Oxon, UK: Routledge 6 Lennie and Tacchi, pp. 1 and 5. 7 Adapted from Langley, G., Nolan, K., Norman,C., & Provost, L. (1996). The Improvement Guide: a practical approach to enhancing organizational performance, San Francisco: Jossy Bass Publishers 8 Edward Brantmeier, Empowerment Pedagogy: Co-Learning and Teaching. Retrieved 12 June, 2013 from 3

18 bl izfdz;k esa vh;kljr leqnk; ds lnl; lel;k ds lek/kku <wa<+us esa,d nwljs dh enn djrs gsaa os viuh flfkfr;ka] t+:jrsa vksj viuh vkdka{kkvksa dh ppkz djrs gsaa os lkoztfud eqn~nksa ij fopkj djrs gsa] vo/kkj.kk cukrs gsa] fo ys k.k djrs gsa vksj fqj iwjs yxu ls dk;z djrs gsaa os Vwy] ekud] [kkl :i&js[kk] fu;ekoyh vksj nwljs nlrkost+ rs;kj dj ldrs gsa ;k fqj mu lhkh lnl;ksa esa,d vudgh vfhko;fdr gks ldrh gsa ftl Hkh izdkj ls bl izfdz;k eas os tkudkjh dk laxzg djrs gsa og mugsa,d lkfk lh[kus ds ca/ku esa cka/k nsrh gsaa ;g ca/ku muds dk;z dk ek=,d midj.k ugha gsa] ;g,d nwljs ds n`f Vdks.k ls ifjfpr lgdfez;ksa dks le>us vksj,d fnypli lewg dk lnl; gksus dk larks k iznku djrk gsa /khjs&/khjs os vius fo k; ij,d [k+kl n`f Vdks.k],d lkoztfud vksj leku Kku] vh;kl vksj n`f Vdks.k dk Hk.Mkj rs;kj dj ysrs gsaa muds chp O;fDxr laca/k Hkh?kfu V gks tkrs gsa vksj,d rjg dh vfhko;fdr dks Hkh os viukrs gsaa os viuh igpku esa Hkh lekurk eglwl dj ldrs gsa] vksj bl rjg rs;kj gksrk gs vh;kljr leqnk;aa 9 2c) lhvkj&lhvkbvh (CR-CIT) ds?kvd Lkhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds LVsdgksYMj (stakeholder) dk ekuuk gs fd lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks dh dk;ziz.kkyh dqn egrroiw.kz?kvdksa }kjk fu/kkzfjr gksrh gs] lkfk gh ;s?kvd leqnk; ds n`f Vdks.k dks LFkkfir djus esa Hkh lgk;d gksrs gsaa bl ckr dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, bu egrroiw.kz?kvdksa dh igpku ds fy, kq:vkrh nksj esa,d folr`r lkfgr; leh{kk 10 dk dk;z fd;k x;ka blds lkfk lg&f k{kk dk;z kkykvksa esa vksj fo ks kkksa ds lkfk fopkj&foe kz djus ds ckn fueukafdr uks?kvdksa dh igpku gqbz% fohkkx@{ks= I. duvsav (Content) mriknu vksj izksxzkfeax (Programming) fohkkx@{ks= II. Ukhfr vksj fn kkfunsz ku fohkkx@{ks= III. Lo;alsod@okyafV;j (Voulnteers) fohkkx@{ks= IV. rduhd (Technology) dk mi;ksx vksj izca/ku fohkkx@{ks= V. izlkj.k ds vkwu,;j ekud (On-Air Standards) fohkkx@{ks= VI. kklu fohkkx@{ks= VII. izfrfdz;k vksj f kdk;rsa fohkkx@{ks= VIII. duvsav (Content) lghkktu vksj usvofdzax fohkkx@{ks= IX. vk; mriknu vksj forrh; tokcnsgh,d folr`r isjkehvj (parameters) vksj lwpdksa dh fn kkfunszf kdk xkbm ikb 3 esa nh x;h gsa 9 Wenger, E., McDermott, R., & Snyder, William M. (2002). Cultivating Communities of Practice, Boston: Harvard Business School Press, pp Review undertaken as part of this project is available in the project report submitted to CEMCA. Available at 4

19 3. dk;ziz.kkyh lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks fujarj lq/kkj VwyfdV lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT)s dh izd`fr lghkkfxrkiw.kz gsa ;g fofhkuu izdkj ds LVsdgksYMj (stakeholders) ls ijke kz ij vk/kkfjr gsa ;g n`f Vdks.k LFkkuh; Hkkxhnkjksa ds Kku vksj vuqhko ds lkfk&lkfk fo ks kkksa vksj ckgjh yksxksa ds fopkjksa dk Hkh vknj djrk gs] mls os/;rk vksj izklafxdrk iznku djrk gsa 11 ;s fopkj&foe kz dk;z kkyk,a lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT)[Version 1.0] rs;kj djus ds lkfk&lkfk fo ks kkksa }kjk bldh izekf.kdrk tkapus ds fy, Hkh vk;ksftr dh xbz FkhaA bl pj.k esa Hkkjr,oa ckaxykns k ds dqn pqus gq, lhvkj LVs kuksa (CR stations) esa lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dk {ks= ijh{k.k fd;k x;ka 12 bl VwyfdV dks lekos kh vksj lg&laosnh cukus dh dksf k k dh x;h gs] bl meehn ds lkfk fd ;g lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dh muufr esa mldh lgk;d jgsxha bl VwyfdV dk vk/kkjhkwr dsanz lkekftd U;k; vksj,d,slh izfdz;k gs] Mksuk ekjvsul (Donna Martens) ds kcnksa esa ^ifjorzudkjh lksp* gs] tks lfn;ksa ls oftzr vksj njfdukj fd, x, yksxksa ds Kku vksj vuqhkoksa dks kkfey djrk gsa 13 lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) laldj.k 2.0 ;wusldks ps;j vkwu de;wfuvh ehfm;k Vhe }kjk djhc nks lky rd fd;s x;s dke dk urhtk gsa 11 Lennie and Tacchi, p.2 12 Over 30 CR stations in India and 16 in Bangladesh, besides 20 CR experts and advocates were involved in the creation, validation and field testing of of this toolkit 13 Mertens, Donna M. (2009). Transformative Research and Evaluation, New York: Guilford Press 5

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23 II vkre (Self-Assessment) vksj lgdehz leh{kk (Peer Review) izfdz;k 1) vkids VwyfdV dk ifjp; 1a) lhvkj-lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) D;k gs\ lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) (lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks fujarj lq/kkj VwyfdV [toolkit]),d,slk VwyfdV (toolkit) gs ftlls lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) fu;fer rksj ij vius dk;zizn kzu dk vkadyu dj ldrk gsa Lkhvkj&lhvkbZVh (CR-CIT) dk fuekz.k dqn fcanqvksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj fd;k x;k gs% (,d) jk Vzh; (Hkkjrh;) lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks uhfr] ftlesa vusd vfuok;z izko/kku gsa] vksj (nwljk) leqnk; dh fu;fer Hkkxhnkjh vksj LokfeRo] gkf k;s ij jg jgs lewg dk lekos k] fyax ds vk/kkj ij lekurk] leqnk; }kjk mrikfnr duvsav (content)] LFkkuh;&laLd`fr vksj igpku dks egrro iznku djuk] vh;kl esa tokcnsgh vksj ikjnf kzrk tsls dqn varjjk Vzh; lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks ds fla)kar ftuij dksbz le>ksrk lahko ugha gsa lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dk;z fu iknu ls tqm+s uks O;kid ekinam ds ladsrd iznku djrk gsa tsls% duvsav (Content) mriknu vksj izksxzkfeax (Programming); uhfr vksj fn kkfunsz ku (Policies and Guidelines)( (Volunteers)( rduhd (Technology): mi;ksx vksj izca/ku( izlkj.k ds vkwu,;j ekud (On-Air Standards)( kklu( izfrfdzz;k,a vksj f kdk;rsa( duvsav (Content) lghkktu vksj usvofdzax (Networking)( vk; mriknu vksj forrh; tokcnsgha Hkkxhnkjh] lekos k] tsamj] {kerk fuekz.k vkfn fo k;ksa (Theme) dks eq[; fl)karksa ds :i esa viuk;k x;k gs] tks mijksdr pfpzr lhkh ekinamksa esa kkfey gsaa dqn flfkfr;ksa esa] ekinam ds ladsrd (;k iz u) bl rjg ls O;ofLFkr fd, x, gsa fd fn, x, fodyi vkn kz dh rjq c<+rs gsa( ogha dqn nwljh flfkfr;ksa esa iz u mu reke lahkkoukvksa dks lwfpc) djrs gsa] ftu ij,d lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dke dj ldrk gsa ;s ladsrd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks fdlh Hkh vh;kl ;k izfdz;k dks viukus dh vkt+knh nsrs gsa] tks fd LFkkuh; :Ik ls [k+kl gsa vksj ftudk myys[k VwyfdV esa ugha gsa (fodyi esa, dksbz vu;] d`ik;k myys[k djsa ). fl)kar] izfdz;k] vksj vh;kl@izsfdvl lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) ds dsunz gsaa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dk leqnk; ij vlj bl VwyfdV ds dk;z{ks= ls ckgj vkrk gsa njvly bldk eq[; mn~ns ; LVs kuksa dks vius dk;z vksj uhfr;ksa dk vkadyu djus esa lgk;rk djuk gs] ftlds t+fj;s LVs ku ;g irk dj ldsa fd mudh uhfr;ka vksj jkst+ejkz ds dk;z] lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks dh O;kid uhfr;ksa vksj lokszrre izfkkvksa ls fdl gn rd lekurk j[krs gsaa 6

24 lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dks [kqn ds izn kzu dh xq.korrk dk vkadyu djus esa,d lgk;d ds :Ik esa ns[k ldrs gsaa ;gka ^xq.korrk* ^csgrj rduhd* rd lhfer ugha gs] cfyd bldk vk k; LVs ku }kjk lhkh ekinamksa ij lhvkj (CR) ds ewyhkwr fl)karksa ds vuqlj.k ls gsa Lkhvkj&lhvkbZVh (CR-CIT) nks lhvkj LVs kuksa (CR stations) ds chp rqyuk djus okyk midj.k ugha gsa ;g fdlh ckgjh lalfkk] }kjk mldk vkadyu dj mls lqy ;k vlqy?kksf kr djus dk dksbz t+fj;k Hkh ugha gsa 1b) lhvkj&lhvkbvh dk blrseky dksu dj ldrk gs\ bl VwyfdV dk blrseky de&ls&de nks lky ls dk;zjr lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs ku dj ldrs gsaa,slk ekuk tkrk gs fd bruh vof/k,d lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds fy, [kqn dks LFkkfir djus gsrq dkqh gsa bl vof/k esa,d LVs ku vius dk;zdzeksa vksj nwljs dk;ksza dh fn kk r; dj ysrk gsaa gkykafd] dhkh&dhkh lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) lalk/kuksa dh deh ds dkj.k] O;ofLFkr gksus esa 5 lky ls vf/kd le; yxk ldrk gsa ij] fdlh Hkh jsfm;ks LVs ku ds fy, nks lky dh vof/k ;g r; djus ds fy, dkqh gs fd mlesa dsls vksj dgka lq/kkj dh t:jr gsa lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) u, mhkj jgs lhvkj LVs kuksa (CR stations) dks dbz rjhds dh tkudkfj;ka nsus esa Hkh lgk;d gks ldrk gs] tsls%,d vkn kz lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) esa D;k gksuk pkfg,] mls cukus esa dsls iz;ru fd;s tkus pkfg,\ 1c) lhvkj&lhvkbvh dk blrseky D;ksa djuk pkfg,\ Lkhvkj&lhvkbZVh (CR-CIT) leqnk; jsfm;ks LVs ku ds dezpkfj;ksa vksj Lo;alsodksa (okyavh;j) esa muds }kjk vc rd fd, x, vpns dkeksa ds fy, muesa ldkjkred jos;s dks lqn`<+ djrk gsa Lkhvkj&lhvkbZVh (CR-CIT) lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds dezpkfj;ksa dks vius O;Lr fnup;kz ls le; fudky dj viuh lksp/n`f Vdks.k (vision)] y{; vksj fe ku (mission) ds ckjs esa ekinamksa ds rgr euu djus dk volj iznku djrk gsa vkre ijh{k.k@vkadyu vksj lgdehz leh{kk izfdz;k (uhps O;k[;kf;r) gssrq lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dk blrseky dj] lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) viuh dk;ziz.kkyh esa lrr lq/kkj ykus ds mn~ns ; ls Hkfo ; ds fy, vius xksyikslv (goal posts) r; djus esa l{ke gks ldsaxsa 7

25 lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks vius dke djus ds rjhds esa deh] xsi vksj :dkovksa dh igpku djk dj bu dfe;ksa vksj :dkovksa dks nwj djus esa enn iznku djsxka vkre vksj lgdehz leh{kk izfdz;k (SA&PR) gsrq lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR- CIT) dk blrseky] lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks csgrj izca/ku vksj vius Jksrkvksa ds fy, T+;knk izhkkoh lsok iznku djus gsrq dqn leh{kk lwpdksa ds fu/kkzj.k esa enn djsxka gkykafd lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dk blrseky ckgkz ewy;kadu ds fy, ugha fd;k tk ldrk gs] ijurq SA&PR izfdz;k gsrq r; uks folr`r ekinamksa ds t+fj;s lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) [kqn dk vkadyu dj fuf/k iznku djus okyh lalfkkvksa }kjk fd;s tkus okyh ewy;kadu izfdz;k ds fy, [kqn dks rs;kj dj ldrs gsaa bldk mn~ns ;] dqy feyk dj ;gh gs] fd lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs ku] fo o esa LFkkfir lcls vpnh dk;z i)fr dk vuqlj.k djus ds fy, fujarj iz;ru khy jgsaa 1d) lhvkj&lhvkbvh blrseky dc djuk pkfg,\ lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs ku bl VwyfdV dk blrseky viuh LFkkiuk ds nks lky ckn ls dj ldrs gsaa lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dh ifjdyiuk bl rjg dh x;h gs fd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) fu;fer rksj ij bldk Lor% izca/ku dj ldrs gsaa bl VwyfdV dks iw.kz :i ls viukus ij] leh{kk okf kzd vk/kkj ij dh tk ldrh gsa gkykafd] lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dh jpuk bl rjg ls dh xbz gs fd] lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) vius izn kzu dh leh{kk ds fy, viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj blds fdlh Hkh,d ;k,d ls vf/kd ekinam dk blrseky dj ldrs gsaa 2) vkre ijh{k.k@vkadyu (Self-Assesment) vksj lgdehz leh{kk izfdz;k (Peer Review): dzekuqlkj lhvkj LVs kuksa (CR station) dks lq>ko fn;k x;k gs fd og lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR- CIT) dk blrseky vkre ijh{k.k@vkadyu vksj lgdehz leh{kk (SA&PR) izfdz;k esa djsaa SA& PR dh izfdz;k LVs ku dkss dks&yfuzax (co-learning) n`f Vdks.k }kjk mldh {kerk dk vkhkkl djokrk gs] lkfk gh dke djus ds rjhds esa deh] xsi vksj ck/;rkvksa dh igpku djk dj] mugsa fujarj lq/kkj ds fy, vxzlj djrk gsa bl izfdz;k dk y{; /khjs&/khjs yksxkaas dh {kerkvksa dks c<+kuk gs] rkfd os ek= lgdehz&leh{kdksa dh Hkkafr gh dk;z u djsa] cfyd QSflyhVsVj (facilitators) dh Hkwfedk fuhkkus ds fy, Hkh rs;kj gks ldsaa 8

26 lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dh [kkl ckr gs fd og dksbz r; uql[kk iznku ugha djrk gsa lgdehz viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj] vkre ds fy, bldk blrseky dj ldrs gsa] lkfk gh blesa vius lq>ko tksm+ ldrs gsaa bl rjg] LVs ku vius lgdehz leh{kdksa }kjk fn, x, buiqv~l ;k lq>ko ls Hkfo ; ds fy, vius y{; (goalposts) r; dj ldrs gsaa lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dh jpuk [k.mksa esa dh x;h gs vksj bls [k.mksa esa Lo;a& kkflr fd;k tk ldrk gsa vxj dksbz LVs ku lhkh uks ekinamksa ij,d lkfk vkre ijh{k.k djuk pkgrk gs] rks mlds fy, csgrj gksxk fd ml LVs ku ds lhkh izeq[k LVsdgksYMj (stakeholders) i;kzir le; fudkydj bl izfdz;k esa kkfey gksa vksj vius fopkj izdv djsaa lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) {ks= ijh{k.k ds vuqhkoksa dks ns[krs gq,] gekjk lq>ko gs fd lgwfy;r dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] LVsi I ds iwjk gksus ij] LVsi II ds fy, nks ;k rhu fnuksa dk le; vyx ls vo ; fudkyk tk;a leh{kk ds fy, r; dh x;h vof/k (mnkgj.k ds fy,% vizsy 1, 2013 ls ekpz 31, 2014) ds ckjs esa SA&PR dh izfdz;k esa kkfey lhkh yksxksa esa vke lgerh gksuh pkfg,a dze I izfdz;k ls iwoz,d csbd gks] ftlesa fueufyf[kr kkfey gksa % (v) LVs ku izca/kd vksj dezpkjh( (c) lhvkj (CR) izca/ku desvh (CRMC) ds lnl; vksj lykgdkj lehfr (;fn gs rks) ds lnl;( vksj (l) vfhkhkkod lalfkk dk de ls de,d izfrfuf/k (;fn og lhvkj,elh [CRMC] esa dk;zjr ugha gs rc)a bl csbd ds tfj, lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) ls lacaf/kr tkudkfj;ka bdv~bh dh tk ldrh gsa] tks lgdehz leh{kdksa dh eq[; lhkk esa fofhkuu ekinamksa dk tokc nsus ds fy, vko ;d gksxha [II dze dks ns[ks] ;g VwyfdV folr`r fn kkfunszf kdk ds lkfk vkrk gs] [VwyfdV ds fohkkx III dks ns[ksa] tks gj ekinam ds vksfpr; dk folrkj ls o.kzu djrh gs,oa lwpdkas dk fooj.k nsrh gsa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds fy, SA&PR izfdz;k kq: djus ls igys bl fn kkfunszf kdk dks i<+ ysuk csgrj gksxka ;g fn kkfunszf kdk mugsa,sls MkVk tek djus esa lgk;d gksxh ftldh enn ls izfdz;k ds nksjku mbus okys dqn iz uksa@mrlqdrkvksa dk lek/kku [kkstk tk ldrk gsa dze II ;g dne SA&PR izfdz;k dh lcls egrroiw.kz lhkk ls tqm+k gsa SA&PR izfdz;k ds fy, izlrkfor gs fd bl izfdz;k dks lkewfgd :i ls kq: fd;k tk,a bl izfdz;k esa (v) LVs ku izca/kd vksj dezpkjh( (c) lhvkj (CR) izca/ku desvh (CRMC) ds lnl; vksj lykgdkj lehfr (;fn gs rks) ds lnl;( vksj (l) vfhkhkkod lalfkk dk de ls de,d izfrfuf/k (;fn og lhvkj,elh [CRMC] esa dk;zjr ugha gs rc) vksj (n) nks lhvkj LVs kuksa (CR stations) ls lgdehz leh{kd ds :Ik esa,d&,d izfrfuf/k] dh Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf pr dj ysuh pkfg,a,slk blfy, izlrkfor gs D;ksafd LVs ku dk dezpkjh oxz dk;z&laca/kh egrroiw.kz tkudkfj;ksa vksj t+:jrksa ds ckjs esa ckr dj ldrk gsa VwyfdV ds izhkko@dk;z {ks= esa LVs ku dh uhfr;ka vksj lalk/ku Hkh vkrs gsa blfy, bl izfdz;k esa lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks esusftax desvh lhvkj,elh (CRMC) ds lnl;ksa ds lkfk vfhkhkkod lalfkk ds izfrfuf/k dh Hkkxhnkjh Hkh egrroiw.kz gsaa ge bl lhkk ds vk;kstu gsrq dqn fof k V fn kkfuns kksa dk lq>ko nsuk pkgsaxs% 9

27 1. lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dk blrseky djrs le;,d le; esa,d gh ekinam dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,a izr;sd ekinam ds Hkhrj],d le; esa lewg,d iz u dks mbk, vksj mldk lek/kku fuf pr djsa blds fy,] lewg dk,d lghkkxh ekinam esa ls iz u dks i<+sxka ogha] nwljk lghkkxh fn kkfunszf kdk esa fn, x, lacaf/kr Li Vhdj.k dks i<s+xka blds ckn vkre ijh{k.k@vkadyu dj jgs LVs ku ds lnl; ppkz vksj foospuk dj lgh fodyi dks fvd djsaxsa 2. tc rd LVs ku Vhe,d ekinam ds varxzr vkus okys lhkh iz uksa ds mrrj nsrh gs, rc rd lgdehz bart+kj djrs gsaa blds ckn mugsa ekinam ij vius fopkj [kqy dj crkus ds fy, vksj vius vuqhko ckavus ds fy, cqyk;k tk ldrk gsa [uhps] lgdehz iqujkoyksdu ;k leh{kdksa dh Hkkwfedk dks ns[ksa A See Role of Peer Reviewers below] 3. LVs ku ds fy, xksyikslv dks lsv djus gsrq LVs ku Vhe (team) lgdehz }kjk O;Dr fopkjksa vksj viuh futh izfrfdz;kvksa ij /;ku ns ldrh gsa xksyikslv ds fy, lnso ;FkkFkZoknh le;lhek r; dh tkuh pkfg,] rkfd LVs ku ckn esa ihns >kad lds vksj leh{kk dj lds fd mugksaus D;k gkfly fd;k gs A VwyfdV esa izr;sd fohkkx ds var esa fn, x, uksv~l/xksyikslv (Notes/Goalposts) ds iuuksa dk blrseky bl dk;z ds fy, djsaa 4. lhkh uks ekinamksa ds fy, bl izfdz;k dks nksgjk;k tk;a 5. var esa LVs ku ds fy, fd, x, bl SA&PR izfdz;k ds ifj.kkeksa dh leh{kk gsrq [kqyh ppkz gks ldrh gsa ;g ifj.kkeksa ds vk/kkj ij nlrkost+ rs;kj djus vksj xksyikslv ds vuqlkj LVs ku ds fy,,d dk;z lwph r; djus esa enn djsxha 2a) lgdehz leh{kdksa dk dk;z i. nks LVs kuksa ls lgdehz leh{kd (izr;sd esa ls,d), LVs ku Vhe (team) ds lkfk SA&PR izfdz;k esa Hkkxhnkj gksaxsa lgdehz leh{kd dk pquko fo ks k :Ik ls leku Hkk kh izns kksa ls gksuk pkfg, vksj,sls LVs ku ls tks vkre ijh{k.k@vkadyu dj jgs LVs ku ds leku gksa [mnkgj.k ds :i esa] xzkeh.k] kgjh],uthvks (NGO)] dseil (campus)] dsohdsl (KVKs)] d`f k fo ofo ky;ksa vkfn fofhkuu Hkkafr ds LVs ku gs]a ;fn vkeaf=r lgdfez;ksa dks lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) vksj SA&PR izfdz;k dh igys ls tkudkjh gks rks bls,d vfrfjdr ykhk ds :i esa fxuk tk ldrk gsa ii. iii. lgdehz leh{kd dk;zfof/k (tslk fd mij dze II esa crk;k x;k gs) dks le>krs gq, LVs ku Vhe ds lkfk SA&PR izfdz;k kq: dj ldrs gas] ftlls fd,der cu ldsa LVs ku Vhe }kjk,d ekinam esa lhkh iz uksa ls xqtjus vksj izfrfdz;kvksa ij /;ku nsus ds ckn] lgdehz mlh ekinam ds izr;sd iz u ij vius fopkjksa dks crkrs gsa vksj izr;sd igyq ij izfrfdz;k Hkh O;Dr djrs gsaa 10

28 iv. bjknk ;g gs fd ekinam ds fo k; esa] vko ;d] uohu n`f Vdks.k dks tksm+k tk; vksj vkre ds muds vuqhkoksa dks,d nwljs ds lkfk ckavk tk;a v.,d mriknd vkre izfdz;k esa LVs ku dks lg;ksx nsus okys lgdfez;ksa dk dk;z,d ^fe=* vksj ^dks&yuzj* dk jgk gsa blds lkfk gh os izfdz;k esa vius lq>koksa vksj fopkjksa dks Hkh kkfey djrss gsaa vi. lgdfez;ksa dks pkfg, fd os ckgjh vkykspdksa dh Hkkafr u cusaa muds fopkjksa dk Lokxr gs] tks xksyikslv dks r; djus gsrq lgk;d gksrs gsaa vii. lgdfez;ksa dks pkfg, fd os vius LVs ku ds vkre ijh{k.k@vkadyu esa u im+saa lgdehz vius LVs ku ds mnkgj.k ckav ldrs gsa] ;fn mlls fdlh lel;k dk lek/kku ;k dksbz u;k fopkj izkir gksa viii. lgdehz leh{kd izfdz;k ds var esa [kqyh ppkz dks lqfo/kktud cukrs gsa] tks ifj.kke;qdr nlrkostksa dk njoktk [kksyrk gsa ifj.kke;qdr nlrkost esa vkre ijh{k.k@vkadyu djus okys LVs ku ds xq.k vksj nks k] lgdehz LVs ku ds vuqhko,oa lh[k vksj xksyikslv dk la;kstu kkfey gks ldrs gasa 2b) vkvks kq:vkr djsaaa A. iwoz csbd dk vk;kstu djsa ftlesa eq[; lhkk ls tqm+s fofhkuu ekinamksa ds fy, vko ;d MkVk (data) dk la;kstu djsaa [dze1 (Step I) uhps psdfylv dks Hkh ns[ksas (Also see the Checklist below)] B. mi;qdr lgdfez;ksa dk pquko djsa,oa eq[; lhkk ds vk;kstu gsrq lqfo/kktu le; vksj fnu vkilh lgerh ls r; djsaa [dze II (Step II)] C. lhkh lghkkfx;ksa (stakeholders) dks vkeaf=r djsaa [dze II (Step II)] D. bl ckr dks lqfuf pr djsa fd eq[; lhkk dk vk;kstu,sls LFkku ij gks] tgka lhkh Hkkxhnkj [kqydj fopkj&foe kz vksj ifjppkz dj ldsaa E. lhvkj (CR) LVs kuksa ds izn kzu dh leh{kk ds fy,] mij le>k;s SA&PR izfdz;k dk vuqlj.k djrs gq,] lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dk blrsey djsa vksj fujarj lq/kkj ds fy, xksyikslv r; djsaa 11

29 3. lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) dk lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks (lhvkj,l CRS) }kjk blrseky gsrq psdfylv (Checklist) lhvkj&lhvkbzvh (CR-CIT) esa lwphc) uks ekinamksa ds vk/kkj ij izn kzu dh leh{kk djus ls igys lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds fy, fueufyf[kr tkudkfj;ka bdv~bh dj ysuk mi;ksxh lkfcr gks ldrk gsa x.kuk fd;s tkus dk ;qfuv (unit),d lky r; jgsxk (tc rd fd LVs ku [kqn dksbz vu; le;kof/k r; ugha dj ys ysrk)a duvsav mriknu (Content Generation) vksj izksxzkfeax (Programming) izksxzke ;kstuk] izksmsd ku] izfrhkk ds :i esa] mriknu&ik pkr (post-production) ds dkeksa esa kkfey yksxksa dh dqy la[;k (ftlesa dezpkjh oxz] okyavh;j] vksj leqnk; ls yksx kkfey gsa) okyavh;j lfgr leqnk; ls kkfey yksxksa dh dqy la[;k (osruizkir dezpkfj;ksa dks NksM+dj) okyavh;j lfgr gkf k;s ij jg jgs leqnk; ls kkfey yksxksa dh dqy la[;k (osruizkir dezpkjh oxz dks NksM+dj) efgykvksa dh dqy la[;k] ftlesa osruizkir dezpkjh oxz dh efgyk;sa Hkh kkfey gsa euksjatu vk/kkfjr dk;zdzeksa esa LFkkuh; dh dqy la[;k lwpuk&vk/kkfjr dk;zdzeksa esa crksj fo ks kk leqnk; ls kkfey yksxksa dh dqy la[;k (leqnk; ds yksx] tks vf/kdkjh ;k kfdrr kkyh inksa ij dkfct+ gsa] mugksaus NksM+dj) uhfr;ka (Policies) vksj fn kkfunsz ku (Guidelines) lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds vius fot+u (vision), vksj fe ku (mission), dk fooj.k LVkQ dh HkrhZ ds fy, lekos kh izfdz;k,a] fyf[kr :Ik esa] ;fn dksbz gsa rks fu i{k vksj U;kf;d dk;zlfky ikwfylh (policy), fyf[kr :Ik esa] ;fn dksbz gs rks lfn;ksa ls gkf k;s ij jgs jgs yksxksa ds lewgksa vksj efgykvksa ds fy, lekos kh izfdz;k,a] fyf[kr :Ik esa] ;fn dksbz gsa rks duvsav ikwfylh (content policy), fyf[kr :Ik esa] ;fn dksbz gs rks] {kerk fuekz.k ds fy, ikawfylh (policy)] fyf[kr :Ik esa ;fn dksbz gs rksa Lo;alsod (Volunteers) lhvkj (CR) LVs ku esa Hkkx yssus okys okyavh;j dh dqy la[;k okyavh;j dks vkdf kzr djus gsrq ikawfylh (policy)] ;fn dksbz gs rks okyavh;j dh {kerk fuekz.k gsrq ikwafylh (policy)] ;fn dksbz gs rks rduhd (Technology)% mi;ksx vksj izca/ku izf k{k.k ikwfylh (policy)] ;fn dksbz gs rks midj.kksa ds j[k&j[kko esa lgk;d dksbz nlrkost] LFkkuh; Hkk kk esa] ;fn dksbz gs rks lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dh chek ikwyhlh (policy), ;fn dksbz gs rks 12

30 izlkj.k ds vkwu,;j ekud (On-Air Standards) lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dk viuk izksxzkfeax dksm (programming code) [vius ns k ds izlkj.k dksm (code) ds vfrfjdr] kklu (Governance) jsfm;ks izca/ku lehfr@jsfm;ks lykgdkj ifj kn dh lajpuk izfrfdz;k;sa vksj f kdk;rsa (Feedback and Grievances) jk; izkir djus vksj mldh leh{kk gsrq iz.kkyh@izfdz;k,oa lk/ku f kdk;rksa dks nwj djus vksj mldh leh{kk gsrq iz.kkyh@izfdz;k,oa lk/ku jk;@izfriqf V ij vk/kkfjr] lhvkj (CR) dh dk;ziz.kkyh esa la kks/ku] vxj dksbz gs rks izkir f kdk;rksa ij vk/kkfjr] dksbz Hkh fuokj.k] ;fn dksbz gs rks duvsav lghkktu (Content Sharing ) vksj usvofdzax (Networking) lhvkj LVs ku (CR Staion) dh duvsav (content) lghkktu ikwfylh (policy)] ;fn dksbz gs rks izksxzkfeax (programming) ds fy, rhljh ikvhz ds L=ksr [;wfulsq (UNICEF) ;wusldks (UNESCO), MkW;ps&osys (Deutsche-Welle) vkfn] rhljh ikvhz ls izkir fd;s izksxzkeksa (programmes) dk izfr kr LFkkuh; dykdkjksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk gsrq ikwfylhl (policies), [k+kl dj tc vu; lhvkj (CR) LVs kuksa ds lkfk dk;zdzeksa (Programmes) dk lghkktu fd;k tk; rduhd] izca/ku izfkkvksa] lekos k vkfn ij lhvkj (CR) dh {kerk lghkktu ikwafylh (policy), ;fn dksbz gs rks vu; LVs kuksa ds lkfk vksj jk Vzh;,oa varjkz Vzh; usvodksza (networks) ls lacaf/kr lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dh usvofdzax (networking) ikwafylh] ;fn dksbz gs rks vf/kdkjksa vksj gdksa ij lkekftd xfrfof/k;ksa ls lacaf/kr] lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dh usvofdzax (networking) ikwafylh] ;fn dksbz gs rks vk; mriknu (Revenue Generation) vksj forrh; tokcnsgh (Financial Accountability) vk; ds lhkh L=ksr lnl;rk kqyd] ;fn dksbz gs rks udn ;k HksaV/lsok ds :Ik esa leqnk; ls ;ksxnku] ;fn dksbz gs rks LVs ku Le`fr fpug/olrq,a (merchandise), ;fn dksbz gs rks izfrfnu izlkj.k ds?kavksa dh dqqy la[;k ;k vof/k finys,d o kz esa O;kolkf;d izlkj.k le; dh dqy la[;k ;k vof/k (?kavksa esa) lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dh vkenuh vksj [kpsz dh tkudkjh dk leqnk; ds lkfk lghkktu djus dh izfdz;k] ;fn dksbz gs rks 13

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33 III fn kkfunszf xkbm bl ikb esa ge VwyfdV ds fy, fu/kkzfjr uks ekinam vksj muds fofhkuu?kvdksa ds ckjs esa ckr djsaxsa ;gka izlrqr iz u] ikb 4 esa nh x;h iz ukoyh dks bafxr djrs gsaa ;g iz ukoyh lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dh orzeku flfkfr dks le>us vksj ij[kus esa,d lgk;d@vwy (tool) dk dke djrh gsa VwyfdV dk blrseky lgh rjhds ls gks lds blfy, ;gka gj iz u dk fooj.k fn;k x;k gs lkfk gh feyus okys izr;sd izfrfdz;k dh O;k[;k djus ds rjhds ls Hkh ifjfpr djk;k x;k gsa tslk fd igys Hkh crk;k x;k gs] Vhe ds lnl;ksa ds chp VwyfdV dh izfdz;k ds kq: gksus ls igys lkjs iz uksa dh le> esa,d:irk gksuh pkfg,a bl [kam dh ppkz dkqh lko/kkuh iwozd djuh gksxha 1) duvsav mriknu (Content Generation) vksj izksxzkfeax (Programming) VwyfdV dk izfke Hkkx lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds dk;zdze fuekz.k (programming) vksj duvsav mriknu (content generation) dh ppkz djrk gsa gekjk lhvkj (CR) LVs ku fdl gn rd jsfm;ks ds dk;zdze fuekz.k ds fofhkuu pj.k ls leqnk; ds yksaxksa dks tksm+us esa dke;kc gqvk gs] bl ckr dh ij[k@vkadyu ge VwyfdV ds bl Hkkx dh enn ls dj ldrs gsaa fofhkuu pj.k ls ;gka gekjk eryc dk;zdze dh ;kstuk dk fuekz.k] dk;zdze mriknu] dk;zdze esa Hkkxhnkjh] vksj mriknu&ik pkr (post-production) izfdz;k esa leqnk; dh Hkkxhnkjh ls gsa ;g gesa leqnk; ds vunj ls gks jgh Hkkxhnkjh vksj dk;zdze fuekz.k esa muds ;ksxnku dh ek=k dh Hkh igpku djrk gsa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds dk;zdzeksa esa fofo/krk (fofo/k izk:i ds lkfk) rfkk yxkrkj u;s dk;zdze cukus dh vko ;drk ij t+ksj cuk, j[kus dh dksf k k gksrh jguh pkfg,a leqnk; ds lnl;ksa dk lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds dk;zdze fuekz.k ds fofhkuu pj.kksa ls tqm+ko mugsa LVs ku ds lkfk viuh igpku dk vglkl iznku djrk gsa viuh ;k leqnk; ds lnl;ksa dh vkokt+ jsfm;ks ij lquuk ^lkeqnkf;d LokfeRo* dh rjq,d egrroiw.kz dne gsa VwyfdV ds bl [kam ls ;g irk yxk;k tk ldrk gs fd efgyk] nfyr] vkfnoklh vkfn,sfrgkfld rksj ij oftzr oxz dh vkokt+ dks Hkh jsfm;ks ls tksm+us dk iz;kl fdl gn rd fd;k x;k gsa iz u 1.1 ls 1.3 rd ds fy, fn kkfunsz k% pkj myysf[kr dk;z esa dh tkus okyh xfrfof/k;ka% 1. dk;zdze dh ;kstuk rs;kj djuk % bl pj.k ds rgr mriknu ds iwoz dh lkjh xfrfof/k;ka tsls fparu djuk] kks/k] dfkkud ys[ku vksj izfrhkk dh igpku djuk vkfn vkrs gsaa 2. dk;zdze mriknu % bl pj.k dh xfrfof/k gs izlkj.k d{k@lvwfm;ks ds vunj ;k ckgj fjdkfmzax (recording) djuka 3. dk;zdze esa Hkkxhnkjh % bldk vfkz gs leqnk; ds lnl;ksa vksj izfrhkkokuksa dks fofhkuu dk;zdzeksa esa kkfey djuka 4. mriknu&ik pkr (post-production) izfdz;k % bl pj.k esa dk;zdze dks laikfnr dj izlkj.k ds fy, rs;kj fd;k tkrk gsa 14

34 Hkkxhnkjh izfr kr esa Hkkxhnkjh dk Lrj 75% vksj mlls mij 50-74% mrre 30-49% ktud 10-29% 0-9% dksbz Hkkxhnkjh ugha 1.1: bl iz u dh enn ls LVs ku ls muds dk;zdze fuekz.k ds pkjksa {ks=ksa esa Hkkx ysus okys leqnk; ds lnl;ksa ds izfr kr ds ckjs esa tkudkjh izkir dh tkrh gsa ;g iz u LVs ku ds dezpkfj;ksa dks leqnk; ds lnl;ksa esa kkfey ugha djrk gsa jsfm;ks ds gj dk;zdze dh gj xfrfof/k esa Hkkx ysus okys izr;sd O;fDr] dezpkfj;ksa lfgr] dh laiw.kz x.kuk dks ewy la[;k ds rksj ij ysuk pkfg,a lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds lnl;ksa (LVs ku ds dezpkfj;ksa dks NksM+dj) ds izfr kr dh x.kuk dj mls esfvzdl ds lgh [kkus esa ntz fd;k tkuk pkfg,a mnkgj.k ds rksj ij fdlh lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds dk;zdze dh ;kstuk cukus esa 10 O;fDr kkfey gsa] ftuesa ls nks LVs ku ds dezpkjh gsa vksj ks k 8 leqnk; ds lnl; gsa],sls esa leqnk; ds lnl;ksa dk izfr kr gksxk% 8/10 x 100 = 80% vc pwafd 80%, 75% ls vf/kd gs] rks Hkkxhnkjh dk Lrj i;kzir@vfrmrre ekuk tk,xka Lkhvkj (CR) fohkkx@lsdvj dk fuekz.k Hkkxhnkjh dh fqyklqh ij fd;k x;k gsa bl fqyklqh (philosophy) dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks fujarj lq/kkj ds lkfk vf/kdre Hkkxhnkjh ikus ds fy, izksrlkfgr fd;k tkuk pkfg,a 1.2: ;g iz u lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds dk;zdze fuekz.k dh izfdz;k ds pkj {ks=ksa esa gkf k;s ij jg jgs yksaxksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ds ckjs esa gsaa bl iz u dh ewy la[;k ds varxzr LVs ku ds os dezpkjh Hkh vkrs gsa tks oafpr ;k gkf k;s jg jgs lewg ls vkrs gsaa gkf k;s ij jg jgs oxz ls ;gka gekjk eryc nfyr] vkfnoklh] vyila[;d lewg] (Hkk kk] /kez] fyax] uly ds vk/kkj ij) vksj kkjhfjd :i ls ihfm+r vksj ekufld :Ik ls det+ksj yksxksa ls gsa fofhkuu :i ls gkf k;s ij jg jgs lewg (ftlesa dezpkjh Hkh kkfey gsa) ds izfr kr dh x.kuk dj mls esfvzdl ds mi;qdr [kkus esa ntz fd;k tkuk pkfg,a 15

35 mnkgj.k ds rksj ij 10 O;fDr dk;zdze ds mriknu&i pkr (post-production) dh izfdz;k esa kkfey gksa] ftuesa 3 gkf k;s ij jgus okys oxz ls vkrs gsa] rks bldk izfr kr gksxk% 3/10x100=30% Hkkxhnkjh dk Lrj e/;e@larks ktud gsa 1.3: ;g iz u lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds dk;zdze ds pkjksa {ks= esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh ls tqm+k gsa bl iz u esa Hkkxhnkj efgykvksa esa] jsfm;ks dh efgyk dezpkjh Hkh kkfey gsaa jsfm;ks ds gj dk;zdze vksj gj xfrfof/k ls tqms+ yksxkas dks ewy la[;k ds rksj ij fy;k tkuk pkfg,a jsfm;ks ds dk;zdze esa fgllk ysus okyh efgykvksa (ftuesa jsfm;ks dh efgyk dezpkjh Hkh kkfey gsa) dk izfr kr Kkr dj esfvzdl ds lgh [kkus esa nt+z dj fn;k tkuk pkfg,a mnkgj.k ds rksj ij lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds dk;zdze fuekz.k esa dqy 10 O;fDr kkfey gsa ftuesa ls 5 efgyk;sa gsa] rks izfr kr gksxk% 5/10x100=50% pwafd 50%, 50-74% dks Bd esa gs] rks Hkkxhnkjh dh jkf k mrre jgsxha 1.4: lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds fy, erroiw.kz gs fd og leqnk; ds gj mez ds lnl;ksa dks jsfm;ks ds dk;zdze esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, izksrlkfgr djsa duvsav (content) mriknu vksj izksxzkfeax (programming) esa Hkkx ysus okys izr;sd O;fDr] dezpkfj;ksa lfgr lhkh yksxksa dh laiw.kz x.kuk dks] bl iz u esa] ewy la[;k ds rksj ij ysuk pkfg,a tc vki gj mez ds lnl;ksa ds izfr kr dks tksm+saxs rks mls yxhkx lks izfr kr gksuk pkfg,a 1.5: ;g iz u lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) }kjk izlkfjr LFkkuh; izfrhkk dks izksrlkfgr djus okys ekuksjatd dk;zdzeksa ds izfr kr dks Kkr djus dh dksf k k djrk gsa LVs ku vke jk; }kjk ^euksjatu* dh ifjhkk kk ij igqap ldrs gsaa lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks vke rksj ij vksj vkn kz :i esa LFkkuh; izfrhkk vksj Hkkjrh; dyk dks c<+kok nsrk gsa bl iz u ds fy, lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ls izlkfjr dqy euksjatu iznku djus okys dk;zdzeksa dh rqyuk esa LFkkuh; izfrhkk vksj dyk dks c<+kok nsus okys euksjatd dk;zdze dk izfr kr Kkr fd;k tkuk pkfg,a LFkkuh; izfrhkk vksj dyk dks euksjatd dk;zdzeksa ds t+fj;s c<+kok nsuk bl iz u dk eq[; mn~ns ; gsa 1.6: bl iz u dk izeq[k mn~ns ; ;g tkuuk gs fd lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds lwpuk ;k tkudkjh iznku djus okys dk;zdzeksa esa leqnk; ds fdrus lnl;ksa us fo ks kk dh Hkwfedk fuhkkbz gsa ;g vko ;d ugha gsa fd ^fo ks kk* viuk Kku dsoy vksipkfjd vfkok lalfkkxr L=ksr ls izkir 16

36 djs( vuqhkoh Kkfu;ksa dks Hkh blesa kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gsa bl iz u ds fy, lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ls izlkfjr gksus okys dqy lwpuk ;k tkudkjh iznku djus okys dk;zdzeksa ds vk/kkj ij izfr kr fudkyk tk,xka bl izfdz;k dk y{; vf/kd&ls&vf/kd Kku ;k tkudkjh iznku djus okys dk;zdze dk fuekz.k gs] ftuesa leqnk; ds fopkj vksj blls lacaf/kr lwpuk kkfey gksa QyLo:i ;g izfdz;k LFkkuh; Kku vksj izfrhkk dks mhkkjus dh dksf k k djus esa lgk;d jgsxka 1.7. lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks fofo/k Lo:iksa esa dk;zdze izlkfjr djrk gs] tks vusd izdkj ds Jksrkvksa dks vkdf kzr djrs gsaa ^okrkz*,d,slk dk;zdze gs] ftlesa,d O;fDr Jksrk&x.k ls ckr djrk gsa ^lk{kkrdkj* ds varxzr,d O;fDr (gkslv) nwljs O;fDr@esgeku (xslv) ls dqn loky tokc ds :i esa ckr djrk gsa (gkslv esgeku ls dqn iz u iwnrk gs)a ^fopkj&foe kz* ds varxzr nks ;k vf/kd yksaxksa ds chp ckrphr@ppkz gksrh gsa ^okwdl ikwi* esa leqnk; ds fdlh Hkh O;fDr ;k nwljs kcnksa esa jkg pyrs O;fDr ds lkfk gqbz ckr&phr dk izlkj.k fd;k tkrk gsa fdlh,d@[kkl fo k; ij fofhkuu izdkj dh izfrfdz;k,a vksj fopkj dk lghkktu djuk bl izfdz;k dk mn~ns ; gsa ^esxt+hu*,d,slk izk:i@qkwjesv (format) gsa ftlesa fofhkuu izdkj ds dk;zdzeksa dk fej.k,d isdst (package) ds :i esa izlkfjr fd;k tk ldrk gsa ^VSysaV kks*,d,slk dk;zdze gs] tks Hkkx ysus okys O;fDr;ksa esa ls u;h izfrhkkvksa dh igpku djs [mnkgj.k ds rksj ij laxhr ds kks (show) esa] d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djasa LVs ku esa ^fofo/k izdkj ds dk;zdze*] nwljs kcnksa esa vyx&vyx Lo:i ds dk;zdze] duvsav (content) esa fofo/krk ykus ds lkfk&lkfk] vyx&vyx {ks= esa fnyplih j[kus okys Jksrkvksa dks vkdf kzr djrs gsaa Lkkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks ls ;g visf{kr gs fd og mu lkjh lahkkoukvksa dk izn kzu djus esa l{ke gksxk tks O;kolkf;d jsfm;ks esa ugha ik;k tkrk gsaa,d LVs ku,d visf{kr dk;zdze fedl (mix) ds fuekz.k dh dksf k k dj ldrk gs vksj fqj bl ckr dk vkadyu fd;k tk ldrk gs fd orzeku dk;zdze fdl gn rd visf{kr dk;zdze fedl (mix) ls lekurk n kkzrk gsa 1.8: ;g iz u jsfm;ks LVs ku ds laxzg.k izfdz;k dh leh{kk djus dh dksf k k gsa ;g fodyi de&ls&de rhu eghus rd dh vof/k [tslk,evkbzch (MIB) lhvkj (CR) fn kkfunsz k esa bafxr gs] ls kq: gksrk gsa ^laxzg.k*,d,slh izfdz;k gs] ftlds }kjk,d jsfm;ks [k+kl dj lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks vius leqnk; ds bfrgkl vksj lald`fr dks eksf[kd :i esa laxzfgr vksj izlkfjr djus esa lgk;d fl) gksrk gsa 1.9% ;g iz u dk;zdze fuekz.k ds nksjku dezpkfj;ksa dh {kerk fuekz.k (capacity building) dh izfdz;k dh ckr djrk gsa gkaykfd ;g izfdz;k lalk/ku dh miyc/krk ij fuhkzj djrh gs] fqj Hkh dezpkfj;ksa esa mrlkg cuk, j[kus ds fy, vksj mudh fo ks kkrk dks u;k jax nssus ds fy,,d o kz esa de ls de nks dk;z kkykvksa dk vk;kstu gksuk pkfg,a 17

37 2) uhfr;ka vksj fn kkfunsz k VwyfdV dk ;g Hkkx LVs ku dks ljdkj@ kklu ds tkjh fn kkfunsz kksa ds izfr tkx:d jgus vksj mldk ikyu djus dh vko ;drk ls voxr djkrk gsa iwjs fo o esa lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs ku jkt; dh uhfr;ksa ls vyx tk dj vius fn kkfunsz k vksj uhfr;ksa dk fuekz.k djrs gsa tks lekos k] izfrfuf/kro] lkekftd U;k; vksj vius dezpkfj;ksa ds fy;s usfrd fu;elafgrk dks /kkj.k djrs gsaa iqflrdk dk ;g Hkkx lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks xgjs fparu&euu ds ckn bu fl)karksa dks viukus ds fy, izksrlkfgr djrk gsa 2.1: ;g iz u ;g tkuus dh dksf k k gs fd D;k lhvkj (CR) vius LVsdgksYMj (stakeholder)] ftlesa LVs ku ds eq[; dezpkjh] Lo;alsoh] Jksrk] rfkk izca/ku desvh ds lnl; kkfey gsa] mudks ljdkj dh lhvkj (CR) fn kkfunsz kksa ls voxr djkus dh dksf k k djrk gsa ;g izfdz;k ;g r; djus ds fy, dh tkrh gs fd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ls,sls fdlh Hkh izdkj ls fu;e dk myya?ku u gks tks dkuwuh dkjzokbz gksus dk Hk; mriuu djsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 2.2: gkaykfd lhvkj (CR) uhfr,d LVs ku dks pykus ds fy, lkjs t+:jh i{kksa dh ckr djrh gs] ij lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs ku ls ;g visf{kr gs fd og vius y{;/fot+u (vision)] fe ku (mission)] vksj fopkj tks mlds n kzu vksj n`f Vdks.k dks n kkzrs gsa] dk Li V :i ls izn kzu djsa 2.3: ;g fcunq lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks fyf[kr :i esa ;g oknk djus ds fy, izksrlkfgr djrk gs fd og [kkl dj vius dezpkfj;ksa ds lunhkz esa],d lekos kh n`f Vdks.k viuk,xka vxj ;g oknk LFkkuh; Hkk kk esa miyc/k gks] rks csgrj gksxk, rkfd LFkkuh; yksx vkjke ls bls le>sa vksj viuk ldsaa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 2.4: lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ls ;g visf{kr gs fd mudh,slh uhfr;ka fyf[kr :i esa jgsa] ftuls mlds dezpkfj;ksa vksj Lo;alsodksa ds fy, fu i{k] lqjf{kr] vksj U;k;laxr dk;kzy; dk okrkoj.k miyc/k gksa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 2.5: oftzr vkokt+ksa dk lekos k gh og rjhdk gs ftlls lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) lkekftd cnyko dh izfdz;k dks c<+kok ns ldrk gsa blfy, ;g iz u ;g tkuus dh dksf k k gs fd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds ikl dksbz,slh uhfr gs tks,sfrgkfld rksj ij oftzr lewg ds eqn~nksa vksj fpark dh ppkz djrh gksa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 2.6: ;g iz u bl ckr dk vkadyu djrk gs fd D;k lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) esa duvsav (content) dk fuekz.k] leqnk; ds gj oxz dks /;ku esa j[k dj fd;k tkrk gsa bl iz u }kjk ;g lqfuf pr fd;k tkrk gs fd LVs ku ls mlds leqnk; ds fdlh lewg dh mis{kk u gksa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 18

38 2.7: lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs ku dks fokkiuksa ds fy,, vkbz vkj (AIR) ds fokkiu laca/kh fu;e dk ikyu djus dh vko ;drk gs& [fodyi (,)]A fodyi (ch) lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dks lhvkj (CR) uhfr fn kkfunszf kdk ds vuqlkj LFkkuh; mriknksa vksj dk;ksza ds fokkiuksa ds fy, lhekc) djrh gsa LVs ku bl izfrca/k ls ijs tkdj viuh fokkiu uhfr dk fu/kkzj.k dj ldrs gsa] ftlds rgr os r; dj ldrs gsa fd os fdl izdkj ds fokkiu ysuk pkgrs gsaa fodyi (lh) mu lhekvkssa dk myys[k djrk gs ftls vius fl)karksa vksj vkn kksza ds vk/kkj ij LVs ku [kqn ij ykxw dj ldrk gsa 2.8: bl iz u ds t+fj;s irk fd;k tkrk gs fd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) us jsfm;ks ds dk;ksza esa kkfey fofhkuu lewgksa ds fy, fdl rjg dh uhfr;ksa dk fu/kkzj.k fd;k gsa blls ;g lqfuf pr gksrk gs fd jsfm;ks ds lkfk tqm+k gj O;fDr lqfo/kktud vksj lksgknziw.kz okrkoj.k esa dke djrk gsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 2.9: ;g iz u lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks ds ml fl)kar dh ckr djrk gsa ftlds rgr,d LVs ku viuh fo ks kkrk dk nk;jk vius dezpkfj;ksa dh {kerk ls ijs tk dj c<+kus dh t+:jr ij t+ksj nsrk gsa ;g dksf k k LVs ku ds dk;z ls tqms+ gj {ks= tsls uhfr] mriknu] O;kikj] vkfn esa gksuk pkfg,a leqnk; ds T;knk-ls-T;knk lnl;ksa dh {kerk dk fuekz.k ;g r; djrk gs fd jsfm;ks dk dke flqz dqn izf kf{kr dezpkfj;ksa ds gkfk esa lhfer ugha gsa 2.10: lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds fy, uhfr;ksa ds fuekz.k ds lkfk&lkfk blds izfr fofhkuu LVsdgksYMj (stakeholder) dks buls lpsr@voxr djkuk Hkh t+:jh gsa izklafxd O;fDr;ksa ds chp uhfr;ksa ds izfr tkx:drk LVs ku dks la?k kz ls vkssj LVs ku ls dh tkus okyh vuisf{kr vuisf{kr meehnksa ls cpkrk gsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 2.11: bl iz u ds t+fj;s lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) }kjk vius LVsdgksYMj (stakeholder) dks viuh uhfr;ksa ds izfr tkx:d djus ds fy, blrseky fd;s tkus okys rjhdksa dh leh{kk dh xbz gsa blrseky fd;s tkus okys rjhdksa esa fofo/krk ftruh gksxh] og mruh vf/kd vljnkj gksrh gsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 3) Lo;alsod@okyaVh;j (Volunteers) Lo;alsod@okyaVh;j (volunteer) ges kk ls fo ohkj ds lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks {ks= dk vfhkuu fgllk jgs gsaa vf/kdrj LVs kuksa esa fuf/k (QaM) dh deh vksj LVs ku ds lghkkxhrkiw.kz okrkoj.k ds dkj.k lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks dh fofhkuu izfdz;kvksa ls Lo;alsfo;ksa dks tksm+uk] lcls vpnk fodyi tku im+rk gsa bl isjkehvj esa ^Lo;alsod*@okyaVh;j (volunteer) dk eryc mu yksaxksa ls gs ftudk lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) esa ;ksxnku rks gs ij mugsa fu;fer ru[okg ugha nh tkrh gsaa 19

39 VwyfdV dk ;g Hkkx lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks vius Lo;alsfo;ksa ds izfr vius jos;s] HkrhZ] izf k{k.k] izksrlkgu iznku djuk vksj ft+eesnkjh nsus dh leh{kk djus dk volj iznku djrk gsa fopkj ;g gs fd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) esa (volunteer) ds ny fu;fer rksj ij dke djrs jgsaa lkfk gh mugsa HkkSfrd ;k vhkksfrd izksrlkgu iznku djrs jguk pkfg,] rkfd LVs ku vksj leqnk; ds chp esa,d LFkk;h fj rk dk;e jgsa 3.1: igyk iz u lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ij dke dj jgs Lo;alsodksaa@okyaVh;j (volunteer) dh la[;k vksj ogka dke dj jgs dqy dezpkfj;ksa dh la[;k dh rqyuk dj Lo;alsodksa@okysafV;j (volunteer) dk izfr kr Kkr djrk gsa bl izfdz;k esa LVs ku dh fofhkuu xfrfof/k;ksa esa kkfey dqy O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k dks /;ku esa j[kuk t+:jh gsa mnkjg.k ds rksj ij fdlh lhvkj (CR) LVs ku esa dqy 20 O;fDr dk;zjr gsa ftuesa ikap Lo;alsod@okyaVh;j (volunteer) gsa],slh flfkfr esa Lo;alsodksasa@okyaVh;j (volunteer) dk izfr kr gksxk% 5/20 x 100= 25% fodyi (b) lgh mrrj@pquko gs bl iz u ds fy, nh?kz dkyhu y{; gksxk] jsfm;ks ds dk;zdze esa Lo;alsodksasa@okyaVh;j (volunteer) dk izfr kr c<+kuka 3.2:,d lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks Lo;alsodkssa@okyaVh;j (volunteer) dks vkdf kzr djus ds fy, fofhkuu izdkj ds mik; lkspus pkfg,a ;gka fofhkuu mik;ksa dh lwph nh x;h gsa lhvkj LVs ku vius vu; mik; lwph ds vafre fodyi esa tksm+ ldrk gsa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dk y{; Lo;alsodksa@okyaVh;j (volunteer) dh la[;k c<+kus ds fy, rjg&rjg ds mik; <wa<uk gsa vpns vkd kzd rjhds vf/kd yksxksa dks lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks ls Lo;alsodksasa@okyaVh;j (volunteer) dh rjg tksm+us eas lqy gks ldrs gsaa ^vksiu gkml* mls dgrs gsa tc LVs ku vius izkax.k],d fu;fer fnu vksj le; ij vke turk ds fy, [kksy nsrk gs rkfd os jsfm;ks dk dke ns[k ldsa vksj LVkQ ds lkfk ckrphr dj ldsaa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 3.3. bl iz u ds lgkjs ;g <wa<+us dh dksf k k dh tk jgh gs fd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds ikl D;k dksbz,slk rjhdk gs] ftlls og leqnk; ls [kkldj oafpr oxz ls Lo;alsodksaa@okyaVh;j dks viuh vksj vkdf kzr dj ldsa ^gkf k;s ij jgus okys lewg* esa nfyr vksj vkfnoklh kkfey gsa; vksj ^vyila[;d lewg* esa /kkfezd] Hkk kk] usfrd vksj ysafxd vk/kkj ij finm+s yksxksa dks kkfey fd;k tkrk gsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 20

40 3.4: fu;fer :Ik ls lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ls tqm+rs gq, (volunteer) ds u, csp dks lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dh uhfr;ksa vksj izksxzkfeax (programming) ls ifjfpr djkrs jgus ds fy, lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks dk;z kkyk,a vk;ksftr djrs jguk pkfg,a lgdfez;ksa ls lh[kus dh izfdz;k dk vfkz gs LVs ku ds ofj B Lo;alsodksaa@okyaVh;j (volunteer) vksj dezpkfj;ksa ls ijke kz vksj ekxzn kzu izkir djuka lk{kjrk tgka ck/kk u gks] ogka vklku Hkk kk esa fy[kh izf k{k.k iqflrdk Lo;alsodksasa@okyaVh;j (volunteer) dks LVs ku dh uhfr;ksa] izksxzkfeax (programming)] LVs ku O;oLFkk ds lkfk rduhd ls Hkh ifjfpr djk ldrh gsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 3.5: ;g iz u mu lkjs rjhdksa dh tkap djrk gs ftlds t+fj;s lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) vius Lo;alsodkasa@okyaVh;j (volunteer) dks eqvkot+k nsrk gsa,d vkn kz lhvkj LVs ku og gksrk gs tgka Loa;lsod LosPNk ls viuk ;ksxnku LVs ku dks iznku djrs gsa] os LVs ku ls fdlh izdkj ds eqvkot+s dh meehn ugha j[krsa ij] oklrfodrk esa cgqr lkjh ifjflfkfr;ksa esa ;g lahko ugha gks ldrk gsa fylv (list) esa kwu; eqvkot+s ls kq: djds] lsok ds vuqlkj r; ekuns; nsus rd fodyi nsus rd fodyi fn, x, gsaa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 3.6: ;g iz u lq>ko nsrk gs fd LVs ku Lo;alsodksa dh Hkwfedk dks fof/k iwozd igpkus rfkk izksrlkfgr djs] rkfd mudk LVs ku ds lkfk tqm+ko et+cwr cusa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 3.7: ;g iz u lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds Lo;alsodksaa@okyaVh;j (volunteer) dks lksais gq, dk;ksza dh fofhkuurk@jsat dk irk yxkus dh dksf k k djrk gsa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dk y{; LVs ku ds vf/kdrj dk;ksaz esa Hkkx ysus okys Lo;alsodkssa@okyaVh;j (volunteer) dh lsok dk mfpr blrseky djuk gksuk pkfg,a ;g izfdz;k lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dk osru Hkksxh dezpkfj;ksa ij fuhkzjrk de dj ldrh gsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 3.8: bl iz u dk mn~ns ; ;g irk djuk gs fd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) Lo;alsodksa dk izca/ku dsls djrk gsa,d rjq lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds fy, Lo;alsodkssa@okyaVh;j (volunteer) dh Hkjrh vksj mudk izf k{k.k djkuk vko ;d gs] nwljh rjq muds ;ksxnku dk LVs ku ds vuqlkj vuqdwyu djuk Hkh egrroiw.kz gsa fodyi (bz) ds vuqlkj Lo;alsodksasa@okyaVh;j (volunteer) dks fdlh [kkl Vhe@lewg tsls izksxzkfeax (programming) lewg ;k usjksdkflvax tsls dke djus dk volj iznku djuk pkfg,a fodyi (,Q) ds vuqlkj LVs ku dh gj Vhe dks [k+kl Hkwfedk@M~;wVh pkvz iznku fd;k tkuk pkfg,] ftlesa Lo;alsod@okyaVh;j (volunteer) Hkh kkfey gksaa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 21

41 4) rduhd% mi;ksx vksj izca/ku,d lghkkxhrkiw.kz lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dk izeq[k mn~ns ; rduhd ds jgl; dks [kksyrs gq, xjhc vksj gkf k;s jg jgs yksxksa dks blds mi;ksx dk volj iznku djkuk gsa oafpr oxz dks vkokt+ nsus dk vfkz muds }kjk rduhd dk mi;ksx djus dks c<+kok vksj volj nsuk Hkh gsa fdlh ckgjh fo ks kk] tks LVs ku rd yech nwjh r; djds igqaprk gks] ij vr;f/kd fuhkzjrk LVs ku ds jkstejkz ds dk;z esa ck/kk vksj mldh {kerk ij cqjk vlj Mky ldrk gsa blfy,],d LVs ku ds fy, ftruk lahko gks Lokoyach cuuk t+:jh gsa vius dezpkfj;ksa vksj Lo;alsodksaa@okyaVh;j (volunteer) ds rduhdh {kerk dk fodkl dj lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) viuh bl t+:jr dh iwfrz dj ldrs gsaa 4.1: bl iz u dh lgk;rk ls ;g irk yxrk gs fd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ij midj.k dks blrseky djus dh vuqefr fdls feyh gsa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dk y{; gksuk pkfg, fd efgyk;sa vksj oafpr oxz ds yksx Hkh midj.k dk blrseky dj ldsaa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 4.2: lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds dezpkfj;ksa esa midj.k vksj rduhd dks blrseky dj ikus dk fo okl txkus ds fy, fu;fer izf k{k.k dh vko ;drk gsa lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dk y{; lgdfez;ksa ds chp lh[kus dh izo`fr txkuk gksuk pkfg,a ;g mlds leiw.kz fodkl ds lkfk&lkfk cpr esa Hkh lgk;d lkfcr gksxka ^lgdfez;ksa ds lkfk lh[kus* dk ;gka vfkz gs] LVs ku ds dezpkfj;ksa dk,d nwljs dks izf kf{kr djuk ;k fdlh nwljs LVs ku ds dezpkjh ls izf k{k.k izkir djuka ^vkwq&lkbzv izf k{k.k* dk vfkz gs fdlh ckgjh lalfkk ls LVs ku ds ckgj izf k{k.k izkir djuk [tsls% lh.bz.,e.lh.,. (CEMCA), ;wuhlsq (UNICEF), ;wusldks (UNESCO),,evkbZch (MIB), vkfna] ^vkwu lkbv izf k{k.k* dk vfkz gs fdlh ckgjh lalfkk dk lhvkj LVs ku esa vkdj izf k{k.k iznku djuka [tsls% chbzlhvkbz,y (BECIL), uksekm (NOMAD), vkbzmhvkslhud (IDEOSYNC) vkfna] d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 4.3: ;g iz u dezpkfj;ksa vksj leqnk; ds fy, vk;ksftr fd;s tkus okys rduhd laca/kh dk;z kkykvksa dh fu;ferrk irk djus dh dksf k k djrk gsa bl rjg dh dk;z kkyk ds vk;kstu esa fuf/k vksj lalk/kuksa dh vko ;drk gksrh gs] fqj Hkh] dezpkfj;ksa vksj leqnk; ds Hkkxhnkjksa ds mrlkg dks cuk, j[kus ds fy,,d o kz esa de&ls&de nks dk;z kkyk dk vk;kstu izlrkfor gsa 4.4:,d lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ftlus rduhdh rksj ij dezpkfj;ksa dks l{ke cuk fn;k gs] og vius LVs ku ds fy, midj.k vksj rduhd dk pquko djus ds fy, Lora= gksrk gsa og muds fy, ckgjh lalfkk }kjk pquh gqbz rduhd dk blrseky djus dh ck/;rk ls vkt+kn gks tkrk gsa miyc/k rduhd ij is skoj@fo ks kk dh jk; dh vko ;drk rks gksrh gh gs] ij lkfk 22

42 gh ;s tkuuk Hkh vko ;d gs fd midj.k dk mi;ksx djusokys yksx] LVs ku ds fu.kz; ysus dh izfdz;k esa Hkkxhnkj gsa ;k ughaa rduhd vksj midj.k dk pquko djrs le; vius dezpkfj;ksa vksj (volunteer) ds fopkj dks vgfe;r nsuk lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds egrroiw.kz ds varxzr gksuk pkfg,a muds vuqhko ds lgkjs LVs ku [kqn dks csgrj vksj mi;ksxdrkz ds vuqdwy midj.k vksj rduhd ls lqlfttr dj ldrk gsa 4.5: ;g iz u lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds midj.kksa dh jkst+kuk ns[khkky ds ckjs esa gsa midj.kksa dh ns[khkky ;fn LVs ku dk fu;fer dezpkjh,oa lkeqnkf;d lnl; djsa] rks ;g lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds fy, vkn kz flfkfr gksxha ijarq tfvy lel;k ds fuokj.k ds fy, fo ks kk dh lgk;rk ysuk Hkh vko ;d gsa 4.6: bl iz u dk mn~ns ; ;g irk djuk gs fd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds dezpkjh] okjavh dh vof/k lekir gksus ds ckn midj.k ds j[k&j[kko ds lkfk mldh ejeer djus esa fdl gn rd l{ke gsaa midj.kksa dh ns[k&hkky ls ysdj ejeer dk dke LFkkuh; yksaxksa }kjk lahkkyk tkuk,d vkn kz flfkfr gs] lkfk gh le; ij fo ks kk dh lgk;rk ysuk Hkh vko ;d gksrk gsa 4.7: midj.kksa dk mi;ksx djus esa lgk;d iqflrdk vksj vu; nlrkost dks lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) esa fdl gn rd lahkky dj vksj mi;qdr txg ij j[kk tkrk gs] ;g Hkh vkadyu dk,d egrroiw.kz fo k; gsa izr;sd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dh dksf k k gksuh pkfg, fd LVs ku ij miyc/k lgk;d if=dk LFkkuh; Hkk kk esa gks] tks midj.k fuekzrk }kjk iznrr mihkksdrk iqflrdk ls blrseky esa vklku gksa LVs ku ds dezpkjh midj.k ds lkfk dke djrs le; vftzr fd;s vius vuqhkoksa dks ntz dj ldrs gsaa ;s nlrkost+ ml midj.k dk blrseky djus okys nwljs O;fDr dks midj.k ds LoHkko vksj ifjflfkfr ds vuqlkj mls blrseky djus ds rjhdksa ls ifjfpr djkus esa lgk;d gksaxsa 4.8: izkd`frd vkink vksj nwljh nq?kzvuk,a lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks Hkkjh {kfr igqapk ldrh gsaa lkfk gh ;g vkffkzd lel;k Hkh [km+h dj ldrh gsa blds QyLo:i LVs ku ds dk;z esa ck/kk im+ ldrh gsa blfy, lhkh midj.kksa dk chek djkuk vko ;d gsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 4.9: tks {ks= yxkrkj fctyh dh dvksrh vksj yksm ksfmax (load-shedding) ls izhkkfor gsa] ogka ds LVs kuksa fy, lykg gs fd os vius fy, osdfyid mtkz L=ksrksa dk izca/k djsaa 4.10: D;ksafd buvjusv (internet) ckgjh nqfu;k ds lkfk laca/k c<+kus esa lefkz gs, lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) buvjusv dusd ku (internet connection) ysus dh lksp ldrk gsa 4.11: ;g iz u izksxzke (programme) ds mu fofhkuu rjhdksa dks lwphc) djrk gs] ftlls Jksrk muls tqm+rs vksj izksxzke (programme) esa Hkkx ysrs gsaa 23

43 5) izlkj.k ds vkwu,;j ekud (On-Air Standards) Lkwpuk vksj izlkj.k ea=ky; (MIB) ds }kjk tkjh jk Vzh; lhvkj (CR) uhfr (policy) ds vuqlkj lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks vkwy bafm;k jsfm;ks (AIR) ds lkeu; izlkj.k fu;e ds lkfk&lkfk vkwy bafm;k jsfm;ks (AIR) ds O;olk; laca/kh fu;e dk ikyu djuk t+:jh gsa ;g isjkehvj lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks u dsoy bu krksza dk vuqikyu djus dh dksf k k dh leh{kk djus dks dgrk gs] lkfk gh ;g Hkh tkaprk gs fd D;k mugksaus lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks dh fqykslqh ;k viuh vfhkhkkod lalfkk ds n`f Vdks.k ij vk/kkfjr dqn vksj uhfr;ksa dks viuk;k gsa vxj lhvkj LVs ku,sls vkwu,;j (on-air) ekud cuk,a] ftlesa lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks ds ewy fl)karksa ds lkfk&lkfk LFkkuh; laosnu khyrk Hkh kkfey gks] rks lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds fy, ;g vkn kz flfkfr gksxha ;g jk Vzh; lhvkj (CR) uhfr ls csgrj vksj c<+dj Hkh gks ldrh gsa 5.1: bl iz u }kjk ge ;g tkuus dh dksf k k djsaxs fd D;k lhvkj LVs ku ds dk;zdze] ljdkj }kjk tkjh uhfr ekxznf kzdk }kjk visf{kr U;wure ekud dk ikyu dj jgs gsa ;k ughaa\ D;k mlds ikl dqn,sls nlrkost+ gsa tks dk;kzy;h (official) fu;eksa ls v/kdkf/kd fu;eksa dks kkfey djrs gsa\ d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 5.2: ;g iz u ;g tkuus dh dksf k k djrk gs fd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) vius dezpkfj;ksa dks izksxzkfeax (programming) ls tqms+ gq, lkjs fu;eksa ls dsls ifjfpr djkrs gsaa LVs ku dk y{; vius dezpkfj;ksa dks bu fu;eksa ls okfdq djkuk gh ugha] lkfk gh,slk djus ds fy, fofhkuu rjhdksa dk blrseky djuk gs] rkfd LVkQ (Staff) bls iwjh rjg ls vkrelkr dj ysaa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 5.3: bu fu;eksa dks vkrelkr djus esa izf k{k.k vksj vksfj,avs ku (orientation) ls ku (session) dkqh lgk;d gks ldrs gsaa ;g lqfuf pr djuk vko ;d gs fd bu fu;eksa dk vuqikyu gksa fu;eksa ds lgh :Ik ls ikyu u gksus ij LVs ku dkuwuh rksj ij vlqjf{kr gks ldrk gsa blfy;s ;g lqfuf pr djuk vko ;d gs] fd bu fu;eksa dk vuqikyu gksa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 5.4: bl izfdz;k ds }kjk ge ;g tkuus dh dksf k k djrs gsa fd ;fn gj rjg dh lko/kkfu;ka cjrus ds ckotwn fu;eksa dk myya?ku gks tk,] rc lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) D;k dk;zokgh djrk gsa nam lca/kh uhfr;ka ges kk fu;eksa ds myya?ku dh ckjeckjrk vksj Ldsy (scale) flfkfr ds vuqlkj r; gksuh pkfg,a LVs ku ds ikl fofhkuu izdkj dh izfrfdz;k ds izko/kku gksus pkfg,] ftuesa fdlh xyrh ij vkwu,;j (on-air) ekqh ekaxuk Hkh kkfey gsa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks fu;fer rksj ij fu;eksa ds izfr laosnu khy cukus okyh dk;z kkyk dk vk;kstu djuk pkfg,a ;g izfdz;k lel;k fuokjd dk dke dj ldrh gsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 24

44 6) kklu (Governance) ;gka dk eryc lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ij fu.kz; ysus dh izfdz;kvksa vksj lajpukvksa ls gsa,slh meehn dh tkrh gs fd ;g lc lghkkfxrk ds fl)kar ij vk/kkfjr gksxk] ftlesa ikjnf kzrk vksj tokcnsgh dks iwjh txg nh xbz gsa izca/ku lfefr esa leqnk; ds fofhkuu oxksza] [k+kl dj oafpr oxz dh miflfkfr lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dh izksxzkfeax (programming) esa Hkh ml oxz dh miflfkfr dks lqfuf pr dj nsrh gsa fu.kz; ysus dh izfdz;k esa budh Hkkxhnkjh],sfrgkfld :i ls oafpr oxz dks l kdr cukrh gsa lykgdkjh ifj kn lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks izksxzkfeax (programming) vksj leqnk; ds lkfk izklafxdrk cuk;s j[kus esa fn kk miyc/k djkrh gsa ;g lkeku; :i ls] leqnk; dk fn kkfunsz k djus okys O;fDr;ksa dk laxbu gsa nwljh vksj izca/kd lferh iz kklfud vksj dk;zlaca/kh eqn~nksa ij fu.kz; ysrh gs] tsls fd ekuo vksj rduhdh lalk/ku( ctv( vksj fnu&izfrfnu izksxzkfeax (programming) dh xq.korrka lkeku; :Ik ls] ;g lfefr dezpkfj;ksa] Lo;alsodksa] vfhkhkkod lalfkk] vkfn dk laxbu gsa VwyfdV dk ;g [kam lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks Hkkxhnkjh iw.kz kklu iz.kkyh ds isjkehvj ij [kqn dks ij[kus esa enn djrk gsa 6.1: ;g iz u lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds uhfrxr QSlys ysus ds rjhdksa dh leh{kk djrk gsa LVs ku ds ikl,sls fu.kz; ysus ds fy,,d vksipkfjd lfefr gksuh pkfg,] ftlesa leqnk; ds gj oxz dk izfrfuf/kro gksuk vko ;d gsa Jksrk lewg vksj dezpkjh lewg ds e kojs vksj ifcyd fg;fjax (public hearing) dh vko ;drk rks gs gh] ij ;g kklu ra= ds vksijpkfjd Lo:i dks dhkh Hkh gvk ugha ldrk gsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 6.2: ;g iz u tkuus dh dksf k k djrk gs fd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds ikl D;k dksbz lykgdkj ifj kn gs] tks LVs ku dks ikwafylh (policy) vksj izksxzkfeax (programming) ij lykg nsrh gsa 6.3: ;g iz u lhvkj (CR) lykgdkj ifj kn dh ehfvax dh fujarjrk vksj ckjackjrk dks tkuus dh dksf k k djrk gsa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks fofhkuu MhuSfed (dynamic) vksj Q~ywbM (fluid) pquksfr;ksa dk tokc nsuk gksrk gs] blfy, lykgdkj ifj kn dk NksVs&NksVs varjky ij feyrs jguk vko ;d gsa 6.4: lykgdkj ifj kn lhkh duvsav (content) vksj usvofdzax (networking) ls tqm+s ekeyksa ij flqkfj ksa nsrh gsa vr% ;g LVs ku dh izlkj.k uhfr ls lacaf/kr fu.kz; ysrh gs vksj mls leqnk; ds fy;s izklafxd cukus dh lykg nsrh gsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 25

45 6.5: ;gka ;g tkuus dh dksf k k gs fd D;k lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds ikl,d lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks izca/ku desvh gsa ;g izca/ku desvh] izfrfuf/k uhfr&fu/kkzjd desvh dh rjg dke djrh gs] tks LVs ku dks ijke kz nsus ds lkfk fofhkuu uhfr;ksa ds fu/kkzj.k esa Hkh bldh enn djrh gsa 6.6: ;g iz u lhvkj (CR) izca/ku desvh dh ehfvax dh fujarjrk vksj ckjackjrk dks tkuus dh dksf k k djrk gsa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks fofhkuu MhuSfed (dynamic) vksj Q~ywbM (fluid) pquksfr;ksa@psyast dk tokc nsuk gksrk gs] blfy, izca/ku lfefr dk vdlj@nkvs&nksvs varjky ij feyrs jguk vko ;d gsa mriuu gks jgs iz uksa dk lek/kku <wa<us ds fy, izca/ku lfefr dk rhu eghus esa,d ckj feyuk vkn kz flfkfr gksxha 6.7: lhvkj (CR) LVs ku izcu/ku lfefr lykgdkj dk dke djrh gsa ;g LVs ku ds fofhkuu VkLd (task)@dk;z] tks LVs ku ds izn kzu dk;zi)fr ij vlj Mkyrs gsa] esa,d egrroiw.kzz Hkkxhnkj dh Hkwfedk fuhkkrh gsa blds vfrfjdr izca/ku lfefr dk] LFkkuh; vf/kdkfj;ksa ds lkfk lca/k cukuk vksj lykg e kojs dh izfdz;k ls tqm+ko] lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dh Nfo dks csgrj cukus esa dkqh lgk;d gks ldrk gsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 6.8: lhvkj izca/ku lfefr dk fuekz.k,d izfrfuf/kro iznku djus okyh lehfr ds :i esa gks] ;g,d egrroiw.kz eqn~nk gsa bl izfdz;k }kjk leqnk; ds,sfrgkfld rksj ij oafpr oxz dh Hkkxhnkjh bl lfefr esa gks ik;sxha lfefr esa ikbz tkus okyh fofo/krk ds dkj.k leqnk; ds gj oxz ls ljksdkj vksj n`f Vdks.k lfefr ds fu.kz; ysus dh izzfdz;k esa kkfey gksaxsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 6.9: lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dh HkykbZ gsrq dezpkfj;ksa ds pquko dh izfdz;k ds fy,,d etcwr uhfr dh vko ;drk gsa vkn kz flfkfr esa dezpkfj;ksa ds p;u dh izfdz;k esa vfhkhkkod lalfkk }kjk dqn Hkh yknk gqvk ugha gksuk pkfg,a lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dk y{; bl izfdz;k dks iwjh rjg ls lghkkxhrkiw.kz vksj ikjn khz cukuk gksuk pkfg,a gj dk;z ds fy, lgh O;fDr dk pquko bl izfdz;k dk eq[; mn~ns ; gksuk pkfg,a d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 6.10: bl iz u dh ;g /kkj.kk gs fd Jksrkvksa ds lkfk fu;fer okrkz] LVs ku vksj izca/ku lfefr ds fy, t+ehuh lppkbz ls tqm+s fu.kz; ysus esa lgk;d gksxha 6.11:,d lqy lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ges kk vius leqnk; ds lnl;ksa ds fy, vius njokts [qkys j[krk gsa leqnk; dk dksbz Hkh O;fDr dhkh Hkh LVs ku ij vk ldrk gsa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dh leqnk; ds lnl;ksa ds fy, miyc/krk vksj LVs ku dk leqnk; dh xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, gc (hub) dk dke djuk, leqnk; ds lnl; vksj LVs ku ds chp lecu/k LFkkfir djus esa lgk;d gksrk gsa ;gka rd fd ftl vkokt+ dks os lqurs gsa] ml psgjs dks igpkuus ls Hkh yksxksa dk LVs ku ls,d xgjk ca/ku tqm+rk gsa fofhkuu jpukred rjhds }kjk ge bl lecu/k dks vksj xgjk cuk ldrs gsaa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 26

46 6.12: lhvkj (CR) ds Hkkxhnkjhiw.kZ kklu ra= dh tkudkjh LVs ku ds leqnk; dks gksuh pkfg,a bl ckr dh tkudkjh leqnk; ds gj O;fDr dks gksuh pkfg, fd LVs ku ds kklu ra= esa leqnk; ls izr;sd lnl; dk Lokxr gs vksj muds fopkj LVs ku ds fy, egrroiw.kz gsaa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dh ;g dksf k k gksuh pkfg, fd ;g lwpuk leqnk; ds T;knk ls T;knk lnl;ksa rd igqap tk,a d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 7) izfrfdz;k,a vksj f kdk;rsa,d lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) Jksrkvksa dh ilan vksj fparkvksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrk gsa blfy, lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds ikl,d,slk ra= gksuk pkfg, tks izys[khdj.k] izkslsflax vksj Jksrkvksa dh izfrfdz;kvksa vksj f kdk;rksa dk tokc nsus dk dk;z djrk gksa bl VwyfdV ds fy, xhzokal@f kdk;r njvly Jksrkvksa dh udkjkred izfrfdz;k gksrh gsa izfrfdz;k ;k QhMcSd ] dks lq>ko ds :Ik eas ns[kk tkrk gs] tks jsfm;ks ds fofhkuu dk;zdykiksa@izksxzkfeax (programming) eas cnyko] lq/kkj ;k uohu igy ls lacaf/kr gksrs gsaa 7.1: ;g iz u lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks mu lkjs rjhdksa dks ntz djus dks dgrk gs ftuds }kjk mlds Jksrk] LVs ku dks viuh izfrfdz;k iznku dj ik;saa ^Jksrkvksa dk losz{k.k*] iz ulwph] vkfn tsls Vwy (tool) dh enn ls lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) }kjk Jksrkvksa dh izfrfdz;k ikus dk,d lkeku; rjhdk gsa O;fDrxr ckrphr] usjksdkflvax ls ku (narrowcasting session) LVwfM;ks ;k QhYM (field) esa dh x;h fjdkfmzax br;kfn esa yh xbz izfrfdz;k,a ^vkeus&lkeus ckrphr* ds varxzr vkrs gsaa ^lks ky usvofdzax lkbzv* (social networking site) dk eryc Qslcqd (Facebook), V~ohVj (Twitter), xwxy (Google), ;w&v~;wc (YouTube), vkfn tsls IysVQkeZ (platform) dk blrseky djuk gsa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dk mn~ns ; gksuk pkfg, fd Lkquus dh izfdz;k dks vf/kd laoknkred cukuk vksj,d lfdz; Jksrk lewg ds fuekz.k ds fy, Jksrkvksa dh izfrfdz;k iznku djus okys psusy@dfm+;ksa dh la[;k dks c<kuka d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 7.2: lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds fy,,d,sls ra= dk fodkl djuk cgqr t+:jh gs] tks Jksrkvksa dh izfrfdz;kvksa dk izkslsflax (processing) vksj fo ys k.k dj ldsa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks izfrfdz;kvksa dks bdv~bk dj mldk fo ys k.k djus rd lhfer ugha jguk pkfg,] mu izfrfdz;kvksa ij vko ;d dkjzokbz djuk LVs ku dk izeq[k mn~ns ; gksuk pkfg,a 27

47 ^bdv~bk dj fo ys k.k djsa* bl izfdz;k ds varxzr la[;k dh fxurh djuk] izfrfdz;kvksa dks muds izdkj] lkekftd&vkffkzd izksqkbzy (profile) vksj HkkSxksfyd voflfkfr ds vk/kkj ij oxhzd`r djuk kkfey gsa dqn izfrfdz;kvksa dk nwljh lalk/kuksa ls fyad (Link) gksrk gs ;k mu izfrfdz;kvksa ds vk/kkj ij j.kuhfr esa cnyko ykus dh lahkkouk curh gsa] blfy, bu izfrfdz;kvksa ds ckjs esa vfhkhkkod lalfkk ds lkfk csb dj ppkz djus dh t+:jr gs] fodyi (Mh)A iwjs fo o esa Jksrkvksa dh dqn izfrfuf/k izfrfdz;k iz kkflr djus dk pyu gs] fodyi (bz)a bl izfdz;k ls jsfm;ks ds Jksrk&x.k dks ;g irk pyrk gs fd mudh izfrfdz;k fdruh egrroiw.kz gsa d`i;k mfpr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 7.3: ;g iz u lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks mu lkjs mik;ksa dks lwphc) djus dks dgrk gs ftlds }kjk mlds Jksrk viuh f kdk;rsa ntz djk ldrs gsaa O;fDrxr nksjk] esnku vksj LVwfM;ks esa fjdkfmzax (Recording), usjksdflvax ls ku (narrowcasting session) ds nksjku Jksrkx.k ls gqbz ckrphr ds vk/kkj ij ^:c:@vkeus&lkeus* dk;zdze esa Jksrkvksa dh f kdk;rksa dks kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gsa Jksrkvksa dh f kdk;rsa LVs ku ds fdlh Hkh eqn~ns tsls duvsav (content), izlkj.k dh xq.korrk] fo k; dk izlrqrhdj.k] dk;zdze ds izlkj.k dk le;] jsfm;ks LVs ku LVkQ (staff) dk jos;k] vkfn ds ckjs esa gks ldrh gsaa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dk y{; fofhkuu izdkj ds n`f Vdks.k dks LFkku nsus dh dksf k k djuk gksuk pkfg,a vf/kd ls vf/kd Jksrkvksa dh izfrfdz;k,a] f kdk;rsa ntz gks lds bldks /;ku esa j[k dj ek/;eksa dh la[;k c<+kuh pkfg;s ftlds t+fj;s mlds Jksrk viuh f kdk;rsa ntz djk ldrs gsaa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 7.4: lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks,d rjhdk fodflr djus dh vko ;drk gs] ftlls Jksrkvksa dh lk/kkj.k izfrfdz;kvksa ds lkfk&lkfk mudh f kdk;rksa ij Hkh dkjzokbz gks ldsa ^bdv~bk dj fo ys k.k djsa* bl izfdz;k ds varxzr la[;k dh fxurh djuk] izfrfdz;kvksa dks muds izdkj] lkekftd&vkffkzd izksqkbzy (profile) vksj HkkSxksfyd voflfkfr ds vk/kkj ij oxhzd`r djuk kkfey gsa vlarq V vksj uk[qk k Jksrk lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) vksj mlds leqnk; ds chp ds fj rs ij cqjk vlj Mky ldrk gsa,d lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dk y{; vius Jksrk dh f kdk;krksa dks ntz djuk Hkj ughaa gs cfyd ml ij t+:jr ds vuqlkj dkjzokbz djuk Hkh gsa muesa ls dqn ij LVs ku esustj }kjk rqjar dkjzokbz djus dh t+:jr im+ ldrh gsa tcfd dqn ij vyx&vyx Lrj ij fopkj&foe kz djus dh vko ;drk eglwl gks ldrh gsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 7.5: bl [kam dk vafre iz u lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks,sls mnkgj.kksa dks ;kn djus dks dgrk gs] tc Jksrkvksa dh izfrfdz;kvksa vksj f kdk;rksa ds vk/kkj ij LVs ku ds duvsav (content), izlkj.k ;k dk;zdze ds le; esa cnyko yk;k x;k FkkA vxj bl rjg dh?kvuk,a 28

48 foxr N% eghuksa esa gqbz gsa] rks d`i;k mu?kvukvksa dk ft+dz vo ; djsaa bldh enn ls ;g le>uk vklku gks tk,xk fd LVs ku ds fy, Jksrk ds fopkj fdruh vgfe;r j[krs gsa vksj LVs ku ml ij fdl rjg ls dkjzokbz djrk gsa 8) duvsav (Content) lghkktu vksj usvofdzax (Networking) lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds chp duvsav (content) lghkktu ds fopkj dks izkfkfed rksj ij ge bu LVs ku ds chp lecu/k LFkkfir djus ds,d rjhds ds :i esa ns[k ldrs gsaa nwljs n`f Vdks.k ls ;g usvofdzax (networking) dk,d rjhdk gsa O;kogkfjd :i ls lkspk tk; rks ;g fdlh Hkh lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds fy, vfrfjdr duvsav (nontent) ikus dk,d rjhdk gsa gesa bl ckr dks utj vankt ugha djuk pkfg, fd izlkj.k ds fy, 100% ewy duvsav (content) rs;kj djuk vius vki esa,d dfbu dke gsa dk;zdzeksa dk lghkktu djus ls Jksrkvksa dks,d vyx bykds esa leku ifjflfkfr;ksa esa jg jgs leqnk; ls tkudkjh izkir gksrh gs vksj lkfk gh nwljh lald`fr ls ifjfpr gksus dk eksd+k Hkh feyrk gsa cm+s Lrj ij],d lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) lekt esa cnyko ykus ds fy, vius leqnk; ds yksxksa dh vkokt+ dks txg nsrk gsa blfy,] lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) lks ky ewoesav (social movement)@lkekftd vkunksyu (tks yksaxksa ds vf/kdkj dh j{kk ds fy, dke djrk gs) ls tqm+ko j[k] LVs ku dks,d u;k vk;ke iznku dj ldrk gsa 8.1: ;g iz u irk djus dh dksf k k djrk gs fd og LVs ku fdlh nwljs LVs ku ls fdl izdkj dk duvsav (content) lghkktu dj jgk gsa,d LVs ku iwjh rjg ls rs;kj vksj izlkfjr dk;zdzeksa ds lkfk&lkfk dk;zdze laca/kh ;kstuk] dfkkud vkfn dk Hkh lghkktu dj ldrk gsa lkekftd fpark okys eqn~nksa (tsls [kk inkfkksaz dh j{kk] eujsxk vkfn) ij nks ;k vf/kd LVs ku fey dj dke dj ldrs gsaa os vkil esa ;kstuk] dfkkud vkfn dk lghkktu dj ldrs gasa gj LVs ku bu dk;zdze] ;kstuk] dfkkud esa vius bykds ds vuqlkj cnyko ykus ds fy, Lora= gks ldrk gsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 8.2: ;g iz u ;g irk djrk gs fd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ls izlkfjr gksus okys duvsav (content) esa ls fdruk izfr kr ;wusldks (UNESCO)] MhMCyw (Deutche Welle), lsleh LV~jhV (Sesame Street), vkfn tsls vu; L=ksr ls fy;k x;k gsa bl iz u ds nk;js esa nwljs lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ls fy, x, duvsav (content) kkfey ugha gsaa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) vius izlkj.k le; dks c<+kus ds fy, rhljh@vu; ikvhz (party) ds duvsav (content) dk blrseky dj ldrk gs] ij ;g visf{kr gs fd og ckgjh L=ksr ds duvsav (content) ij vf/kd fuhkzj u gksa lhvkj (CR) fn kkfunsz k ds vuqlkj Hkh de&ls&de 50% duvsav (content) LFkkuh; L=ksr ls fufezr gksuk pkfg,a bl iz u ds fy, rhljh ikvhz ds L=ksr ls fy, x, duvsav (content) ds izfr kr dh x.kuk fn, x, le; esa (tsls foxr,d o kz esa) izlkj.k ds dqy le; ds vk/kkj ij gksuh pkfg,a mnkgj.k% vxj,d lhvkj LVs ku (CR station),d fnu esa 8?kaVs izlkj.k djrk gsa,d lky esa 365 fnu gq,] buesa ls gj fnu 1?kaVk ckgjh L=ksr ls izkir duvsav (content) ds fy, j[kk x;k gsa 29

49 pj.k 1: dqy izlkj.k le;?akvs?kavs pj.k 2: rhljh ikvhz ds dk;zdze dks fn;k x;k le;?kavs pj.k 3: rhljh ikvhz dh duvsav (content) dks fn, x, le; dk izfr kr fodyi (Mh) dks fvd djsaa 8.3: LVs ku dk duvsav (content) nwljs LVs ku ds lkfk lghkktu fd;s tkus dh flfkfr esa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) vius dykdkjksa ds vf/kdkj dh j{kk fdl rjg djrk gs] ;g irk djuk bl iz u dk mn~ns ; gsa ;g lqfuf pr djuk lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dh fteesnkjh gs fd nwljk LVs ku ftlls og vius duvsav (content) dk lghkktu dj jgk gs] ml duvsav (content) dk fdlh izdkj ds O;kolkf;d Qk;ns ds fy, blrseky u djs] vksj vxj nwljs LVs ku dks ml duvsav (content) ;k dk;zdze ls dksbz O;kolkf;d Qk;nk gks jgk gs] rks og blds ewy dykdkj@izfrhkk dks mldk fgllk iznku djsa ewy dykdkjksa ls lgefr ysus ds fy, O;kolkf;d i{k dk bl ekeys ls tqm+k gksuk vko ;d ugha gsa fdlh Hkh ifjflfkfr esa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds fy, ;g mfpr gksxk fd fdlh Hkh duvsav (content)@dk;zdze dk lghkktu nwljs LVs ku ds lkfk djus ls igys og ml dk;zdze ds ewy dykdkj@izfrhkk ls lwfpr lgefr izkir dj ysa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 8.4:,d lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs ku duvsav (content) ds vykok nwljh lqfo/kk,a Hkh vu; jsfm;ks LVs ku ls ckav ldrk gsa ;g izfdz;k lgdfez;ksa ds chp,d ijlij&fuhkzjrk dk fj rk dk;e djus esa l{ke gksxha vkxs pydj ;g fj rk fdlh uo LFkkfir LVs ku dks viuh idm+ cuk pqds iqjkus LVs ku ls lh[kus vksj viuh fofo/k {kerk,a fodflr djus esa enn djsxka ^O;olkf;d,;j Vkbe* dk lghkktu djus dk eryc gs] fdlh [k+kl {ks= ds,d ls vf/kd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) }kjk feydj dh x;h O;oLFkk;sa ftlds rgr os dqn fokkiu dks lahkkfor Jksrkvksa rd igqapkrs gsaa ^{kerkvksa dk lghkktu ] dk vfkz gs jsfm;ks ds mrikn vksj izca/ku ls tqm+s fofhkuu i{k ij izf k{k.k iznku djuk] ftlesa rduhdh dks ky vksj izca/ku ds rjhds Hkh kkfey gsaa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 8.5. ;g okanuh; gs fd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) vu; LV kuksa ds lkfk] tgka lahko gks] ogka vknku&iznku ds fy, ;k=kvksa dk vk;kstu djsa 8.6: bl iz u }kjk ;g tkuus dh dksf k k dh gs fd D;k lhvkj (CR) LVs ku fdlh jk Vzh; ;k varjkz Vzh; usvodz (networks) dk fgllk gs\ jk Vzh; ;k varjkz Vzh; usvodz esa kkfey LVs ku uhfr;ksas ds fuekz.k dh izfdz;k ds nksjku viuh ckr j[kus esa vf/kd l{ke gksrs gsa bl rjg ds lecu/k mugsa izf k{k.k] duvsav (content) vksj vuqhkoksa dk lghkktu djus dk volj Hkh 30

50 iznku dj ldrs gsaa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds fy, vyx vyx rjg ds usvodz dk fgllk cuuk ykhknk;d gksxka d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 8.7: yksaxksa ds vf/kdkjksa vksj gdksa dks lqjf{kr djus esa iz;kljr lkekftd vkunksyu ls lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs ku ;k mldh vfhkhkkod lalfkk [kqn dks tksm+ ldrh gsa ;g iz u flqz dqn vkanksyuksa dh,d fylv iznku djrk gs] ijurq ;g fylv folr`r ughaa gsa oafpr oxz ds lkfk dke dj jgs lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds fy, bu vkunksyuksa ls laecu/k cukuk dkqh lgk;d gks ldrk gsa bl lecu/k ds t+fj;s ;g vius Jksrkvksa dks lkekftd U;k; vksj lekurk ij vk/kkfjr dk;zdzeksa ls tksm+us esa lqy gksaxsa d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 9) vk; mriknu vksj forrh; tokcnsgh Lkkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks LVs ku,d xsj ykhkdkjh lalfkk gsaa lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks,d xsj O;olkf;d O;kikj@m ksx gs] bldk eryc ;g ugha gs fd og,d?kkvs esa jgus okyh lalfkk gsa vfhkhkkod lalfkk vksj forr iznku djus okyh lalfkk,a lkeqnkf;d jsfm;ks ls ;g meehn j[krh gs fd /khjs&/khjs ;s vk; mriknu ds volj ryk k ysaxs vksj de&ls&de vius [kpz ds fy, nwljh lalfkk ij fuhkzj ugha jgsaxsa vxj LVs ku vkrefuhkzj ugha gs vksj forrh; lgk;rk ds fy, ckgjh lalfkk ij fuhkzj gs] rks,slh flfkfr esa dksf k k gksuh pkfg, fd og fdlh,d gh lalfkk ij iwjh rjg ls vkfjr u gksa,d ls vf/kd lalfkk dks bl izfdz;k esa tksm+ dj j[kuk mfpr gksxka csgrj rjhdk ;g gksxk fd LVs ku leqnk; dks,d ^ ks;j gksymj@fgllsnkj* cuk ns vksj mldh fteesnkjh [kqn ys],slh flfkfr esa LVs ku dh uhfr;ka vksj dk;ziz.kkyh ikjn khz vksj tokcnsg gksuh pkfg,a 9.1: ;g iz u lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks vk; mriknu ds fofhkuu L=ksr dh x.kuk djus rfkk ;g crkus dks dgrk gs fd izr;sd L=ksr ls dqy vkffkzd lgk;rk dk fdruk izfr kr vkrk gsa bl iz u esa LVs ku [kqn ls tksm+s x, izr;sd L=ksr ls gks jgs vk; ds izfr kr dh x.kuk dqy vk; dks vk/kkj cuk dj djsxka ^dk;zdze vk/kkfjr vk;*: fofhkuu,tsalh ds fy, fdlh [k+kl dk;zdze ds izlkj.k ls izkir vk; (mnkgj.k ds :i esa ;wfulsq (UNICEF) ls ehuk dh nqfu;k ds fy,)a ^fdlh [k+kl ifj;kstuk ls vkenuh*% fdlh [k+kl lalfkk ls fdlh ifj;kstuk ;k dk;zdze ds fuekz.k vksj izlkj.k ls gqbz vkenuh (mnkgj.k ds fy, i;zvu fohkkx }kjk izkd`frd vksj,sfrgkfld J`a[kyk)A ^lnl;rk kqyd*% LVs ku ls tqm+us dh bpnk j[kus okys O;fDr ls fu;fer rksj ij yh x;h fuf pr jkf ka ^Lkeqnkf;d lg;ksx*% ;g LoSfPNd vksj fnviqv/vfu;fer jkf k] olrq ;k HksaV gksrh gsa ^LVs ku Le`frfpUg/oLrq,a*% Vksih] Vh& kvz] pkhkh dk xqpnk] isu] cst (badge)] dkwqh ex] dsysamj vkfn blds varxzr vkrs gsaa gkykafd] LVs ku LFkkuh; :i ls fufezr mriknksa ds ckjs esa Hkh lksp ldrs gsa] [k+kl dj,sls mrikn tks ogka dh dyk dk izn kzu djsaa tc vki lhkh L=ksarksa ds izfr kr dks tksmsa+xs rc mls yxhkx lks izfr kr gksuk pkfg,a 31

51 9.2: lhvkj (CR) fn kkfunsz k ds vuqlkj jsfm;ks ij izlkj.k ds,d?kavs esa flqz ikap feuv ds fokkiu dks txg nh tk ldrh gsa fokkiu izlkj.k dh vkslr vof/k le; izfr?kavs dh nj ls x.kuk fueukafdr rjhds ls gks ldrh gs% pj.k 1: fn, x, leh{kk vof/k (,d lky) ds varxzr fokkiu ds fy, vko ;d dqy feuv dh x.kuk y?kqxq.kd khv (Sheet)@xzhUl (GRINS) lkwq~vos;j (Software) ds t+fj;s djsaa pj.k 2: leh{kk vof/k ds vunj lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds vkwu,;j (on air)?kavksa dh x.kuk djsaa pj.k 3: vkslr dh x.kuk djsaa mnkgj.k%,d lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) lky esa 365 fnu ikap?kavs izfrfnu izlkj.k djrk gsa ml lky fokkiu ij fn;k x;k le; 6,388 feuv gsa pj.k 1% fokkiu ds fy, fn;k x;k dqy le;% 6388 feuv (y?kqxq.kd khv (sheet)/xzhul (GRINS) pj.k 2% dqy,;j Vkbe (air time) (?kavksa esa): 365x 5 (dqy fnukas dh la[;k x dqy?kavs izfr fnu) 1825?kaVkA pj.k 3% fokkiu ds dqy feuv (minute)@dqy?kavs 6388 feuv@1825?kavk=3.5 feuv izfr?kavka d`i;k mfpr fodyi (bz) dks fvd djsa ( feuv) 9.3: LVs ku dk vk; mriknu blds eq[; dk;zdzeksa ls tqm+k gks],slk visf{kr gsa LVs ku vk; dk mriknu vfrfjdr osdfyid L=ksr ds :Ik esa leqnk; ds fy, dqn ykhknk;d lsok dk vk;kstu djds dj ldrk gsa ^izf k{k.k* ds varxzr LVs ku dqn dsz k dkslz (crash course) tsls dai;wvj (computer) dh cqu;knh tkudkjh] bavjusv czkmflax (internet browsing)] QksVksxzkQh (photography) vkfn dk vk;kstu dj ldrk gsa LVs ku dks bu lsokvksa dk vk;kstu djrs le; cl bruh lh lrdzrk cjruh gs fd og vius izkfkfed mn~ns ; ls HkVd u tk,] tks gs Jksrkvksa dks vpns dk;zdze lqukuka d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsa 9.4:,d lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds fy, mldk LFkkf;Ro cuk, j[kus gsrq vkn kz flfkfr gksxh tc mldk forrh; ekwmy eq[;r% leqnk; ds lg;ksx ij vk/kkfjr gksxka ;g uewuk jsfm;ks 32

52 LVs ku ij leqnk; ds LokfeRo dh Hkkouk dks cuk, j[ksxka d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 9.5: ;g iz u leqnk; dh ikjnf kzrk vksj tokcnsgh ds ckjs esa gsa visf{kr gs fd okf kzd vkwfmv,dkamv (audit account) rs;kj djus ds vykok lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) o kz esa nks ckj leqnk; dks gj rjg ds,dkmav (account) dk fooj.k iznku djsa 9.6: bl iz u dh dksf k k ;g irk djuk gs fd lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) vius leqnk; ls forrh; fooj.k dk lghkktu djus ds fy, fdl rjg ds rjhdksa dk blrseky djrk gsa lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dks vf/kd&ls&vf/kd rjhdkas ls fu;fer :i ls LVs ku dk forrh; fooj.k leqnk; dks nsuk pkfg,a d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 9.7: LVs ku }kjk vk; mriknu flqz LVs ku dh O;kolkf;d@ekdsZfVax (marketing) {kerk vksj fokkiu ij fuhkzj ugha djrk gsa ;g izlkj.k vksj izksxzkfeax (programming) dh xq.korrk vksj leqnk; dh Hkkxhnkjh ls Hkh lacaf/kr gks ldrk gsa usvofdzax (networking) dh izfdz;k LVs ku dks u;s volj iznku djrk gs ftlds t+fj;s lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ubz forrh; lalfkkvksa ls lecu/k cuk ldrh gsa ;g iz u lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dks vk; mriknu ds fy, u, fodyiksa dh ryk k djus ds fy, izksrlkfgr djrk gsa ^vk; mriknu ds orzeku L=ksr dh la[;k c<+kuk* bldk vfkz gs] vk; mriknu ds orzeku L=ksr dk lgh <+ax ls blrseky djuka mnkgj.k ds rksj ij] ;fn dksbz LVs ku nks feuv dk fokkiu izkir dj ldrk gs] rks mls ikap feuv ds fokkiu ikus dh dksf k k djuh pkfg,a ^vk; mriknu ds fofo/k L=ksr* dk vfkz gs vk; mriknu ds u, L=ksrksa dks LVs ku ls tksm+uka d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa 33

53

54

55 I. duvsav mriknu vksj izksxzkfeax (Content Generation and Programming) 1.1 lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ds dk;zdze fuekz.k dh izfdz;k esa kkfey O;fDr;ksa (tks LVs ku ds dezpkjh ugha gsa) dk fdruk izfr kr leqnk; ls gs\ Hkkxhnkjh dk izfr kr dk;z 75% vksj vf/kd (vfrmrre) 50-74% (mrre) 30-49% (larks ktud) 10-29% (de) 0-9% (dksbz Hkkxhnkjh ugha) dk;zdze dh ;kstuk rs;kj djuk dk;zdze mriknu dk;zdze esa Hkkxhnkjh mriknu&i pkr izfdz;k 1.2. lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dh izksxzkfeax (programming) izfdz;k esa fdrus izfr kr yksx oafpr oxz ls vkrs gsa\ (mnkgj.k%,l-lh (SC),,l-Vh (ST), vyila[;d izoklh)a Hkkxhnkjh dk izfr kr dk;z 75% vksj vf/kd (vfrmrre) 50-74% (mrre) 30-49% (larks ktud) 10-29% (de) 0-9% (dksbz Hkkxhnkjh ugha) dk;zdze dh ;kstuk rs;kj djuk dk;zdze mriknu dk;zdze esa Hkkxhnkjh mriknu&i pkr izfdz;k 1.3. lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dh izksxzkfeax (programming) esa kkfey O;fDr;ksa esa fdruh izfr kr efgyk,a gsa\ Hkkxhnkjh dk izfr kr dk;z 75% vksj vf/kd (vfrmrre) 50-74% (mrre) 30-49% (larks ktud) 10-29% (de) 0-9% (dksbz Hkkxhnkjh ugha) dk;zdze dh ;kstuk rs;kj djuk dk;zdze dk mriknu dk;zdze esa Hkkxhnkjh mriknu&i pkr izfdz;k 34

56 1.4. fofhkuu vk;q oxz ds O;fDr;ksa dk fdruk izfr kr lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds duvsav (content) mriknu vksj izksxzkfeax (programming) esa kkfey gs\ (tc vki gj mez ds lnl;ksa ds izfr kr dks tksm+saxs rks mls yxhkx lks izfr kr gksuk pkfg,a) Hkkxhnkjh dk izfr kr dk;z 75% vksj vf/kd (vfrmrre) 50-74% (mrre) 30-49% (larks ktud) 10-29% (de) 0-9% (dksbz Hkkxhnkjh ugh) 5-12 o kz o kz o kz o kz 50 vksj vf/kd 1.5 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds euksjatu iznku djus okys dk;zdzeksa esa ls fdruk izfr kr dk;zdze LFkkuh; dykdkjksa@izfrhkk dks c<+kok@izksrlkgu nsrk gs\ a) 0 25% b) 26 50% c) 51 75% d) % 1.6 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds Kku@tkudkjh iznku djus okys dk;zdzeksa esa fdrus izfr kr LFkkuh; fo ks kk kkfey gksrs gsa\ a) 0 25% b) 26 50% c) 51 75% d) % 1.7 lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) vius dk;zdzeksa dk fdl&fdl fofo/k QkWesZV@<+kaps esa izlkj.k djrk gs\ (d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djasa) a. lekpkj@rkt+k tkudkjh b. fqyeh xkus c. LFkkuh; xhr@yksd xhr@yksd ukvd d. okrkz@ckrphr e. lk{kkrdkj f. okwdl ikwi (Vox Pop) g. fopkj&foe kz 35

57 h. dfkk okpu i. ukvd ;k,dkadh (drama) j. k. ykbo izlkj.k l. VSysaV kkst+ (talent shows) m. esxt+hu (magazine) n. vu; 1.8 fueukafdr esa ls fdruh vof/k ds fy;s lhvkj (CR) LVs ku us vius dk;zdzeksa dk laxzg dk;e j[kk gs\ a. finys 3 eghus rd ds dk;zde [us kuy lhvkj (CR) ikwafylh }kjk vuqc)] b. finys 6 eghuksa rd ds dk;zdze c. finys 1 lky ds dk;zdze d. finys 2 lky ds dk;zdze e. vu; f. lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dh LFkkiuk ds le; ls 1.9 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dk;zdze fuekz.k ds nksjku fdruh ckj ^{kerk&fuekz.k dk;zdze*(capacity building) vk;ksftr djrk gs\ a. vk;kstu ugha djrk gs b. dhkh&dhkh c. lky esa 1 ckj vk;ksftr djrk gs d. 6 eghus esa,d ckj vk;ksftr djrk gs e. vdlj] tc t+:jr gks 36

58 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 37

59 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 38

60 II. uhfr;ka vksj fn kkfunsz ku 2.1 fueukafdrksa esa ls fdu&fdu dks jk Vzh; lhvkj (CR) uhfr;ksa ij lhvkj (CR) LVs ku izf k{k.k iznku djrk gs% (d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djasa) a. dksbz izf k{k.k iznku ugha djrk gs b. dezpkjh oxz c. d. lhvkj (CR) izca/ku lehfr ds lnl; e. Jksrk f. vu; 2.2 D;k lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds ikl viuk n`f Vdks.k ku (mission) gs tks LVs ku ds dk;zdzeksa dks funszf kr djrk gs\ a. gka b. ugha 2.3 D;k lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds ikl dksbz fyf[kr uhfr gs (LFkkuh; Hkk kk esa) tks budk lekos k djrh gs% (d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djasa) a. dksbz fyf[kr uhfr ugha gs b. tsamj (gender)@fyax c. vyila[;d d. oafpr oxz e. vu; 2.4 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dh uhfr esa kkfey gs% (d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djasa) a. dezpkfj;ksa vksj Lo;alsodksaa ds fy, vkpkj lafgrk b. U;wure osru dk izko/kku c. ;ksu mrihm+u ds f[+kykq uhfr d. f kdk;rksa dh lquokbz ds fy, uhfr e. LVs ku dfez;ksa dh lqj{kk ds fy, uhfr f. vu; 39

61 2-5 D;k leqnk; ds gj oxz ls tqm+s eqn~nksa ds izzlkj.k dks lqfuf pr djus ds fy, jsfm;ks ds ikl dksbz izksxzkfeax (programming) uhfr gs\ (d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djasa) a.,slh dksbz uhfr ugha gs b. leqnk; ds gj oxz ds fy,,d folr`r uhfr gs c. leqnk; dh efgykvksa ds fy,,d [k+kl uhfr gs d. leqnk; esa oafpr oxz ds fy,,d [k+kl uhfr gs e. leqnk; ds vyila[;d lewg ds fy, [k+kl uhfr gs f. leqnk; ds ;qok vksj cppksa ds fy,,d [k+kl uhfr gs g. leqnk; ds lhfu;j flfvt+u (senior ds fy,,d [k+kl uhfr gs h. leqnk; ds kkjhfjd vksj ekufld rksj ij fodykaxksa ds fy, [k+kl uhfr gs i. vu; 2.6 leqnk; ds gj oxz dh t+:jrksa dk /;ku j[kus okys duvsav (content) dk izlkj.k lqfuf pr djus ds fy, jsfm;ks ds ikl D;k dksbz izksxzkfeax (programming) uhfr gs\ (d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djasa) a.,slh dksbz uhfr ugha gs b. Lkeqnk; ds gj oxz ds fy, duvsav (programming) ij,d folr`r uhfr gs c. leqnk; dh efgykvksa ds fy, (programming) ij,d [k+kl uhfr gs d. leqnk; esa oafpr oxz ds fy, duvsav (programming) ij,d [k+kl uhfr gs e. leqnk; ds vyila[;d lewg ds fy, duvsav izksxzkfeax (programming) ij,d [k+kl uhfr gs f. leqnk; ds ;qok vksj cppksa ds fy, duvsav izksxzkfeax (programming) ij,d [k+kl uhfr gs g. leqnk; ds lhfu;j flfvt+u (senior cqt+qxksza ds fy, duvsav (programming) ij,d [k+kl uhfr gs h. leqnk; ds kkjhfjd vksj ekufld rksj ij fodykaxksa ds fy, duvsav (programming) ij,d [k+kl uhfr gs i. vu; 40

62 2.7 ftl izdkj ds fokkiu dk lhvkj (CR) LVs ku izlkj.k djuk Lohdkj djrk gs mlds fy, LVs ku esa fdl izdkj dh uhfr gs] ;fn gs rks\ a. flqz jk Vzh; O;kolkf;d fu;eksa dk ikyu djrk gs b. flqz LFkkuh; olrqvksa vksj lsokvksa dk fokkiu c. LVs ku ds ewy fl)karksa dk myya?ku djus okys fokkiuksa dks LFkku ugha nsrk ugha djrk gs d. vu; 2.8 D;k lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds ikl LFkkuh; Hkk kk esa dksbz fyf[kr vkpkj lafgrk gs\ (d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djasa) a. dksbz vkpkj lafgrk ugha gs b. lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds fy,,d vke vkpkj lafgrk gs] (mnkgj.k% /kqeziku fu ks/k gs] vkfn) c. dezpkfj;ksa ds fy, vkpkj lafgrk d. Lo;alsodksa ds fy, vkpkj lafgrk e. leqnk; ds lghkkfx;ksa ds fy, vkpkj lafgrk f. vkxarqdksa ds fy, vkpkj lafgrk g. vu; 2.9 D;k lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds ikl fu;fer :i ls leqnk; dh {kerk fuekz.k (capacity building) ds fy, fyf[kr uhfr gs\ a. gka b. ugha 2.10 lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) viuh vkarfjd uhfr;ksa dh tkudkjh bugsa iznku djrk gs% (d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djasa) a. dksbz,slh uhfr ugha gs b. dezpkfj;ksa dks c. Lo;alsodksa dks d. lhvkj (CR) izca/ku ds lnl;ksa dks e. forr iznku djus okyh lalfkk dks f. leqnk; dks g. vu; 41

63 2.11 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku viuh lafgrk dh tkudkjh vius dezpkfj;ksa vkssj leqnk; dks fdl rjhds ls iznku djrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. izf k{k.k l= }kjk b. dk;z kkykvksa }kjk c. lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) esa miyc/k pkvz~l (charts)] izn kzu] vksj ipksza }kjk d. usjksdkflvax (narrowcasting) ds nksjku e. vksiu gkml (open house) l= ds nksjku f. lks ky vkwfmv ehfvax (social audit meeting) ds nksjku g. LVs ku ls izlkj.k }kjk h. osclkbv (website),oa lks ky ehfm;k (social media) ds ek/;e ls i. vu; 42

64 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 43

65 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 44

66 III. Lo;alsod/okyaVh;lZ (Volunteers) 3.1 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku esa fdrus izfr kr yksx Lo;alsod/okyaVh;j (volunteers) dh rjg dk;zjr gsa\ a. 0 9% b % c % d % e. 75% vksj vf/kd 3.2 Lo;alsod dks HkrhZ@vkdf kzr djus ds fy, lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dksu lh izfdz;k viukrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. dqn ugha djrk gs b. lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ls?kks k.kk dk izlkj.k djrk gs@lhvkj (CR) LVs ku fokkiu nsrk gs c. {kerk fuekz.k (capacity building) dk;z kkyk dk vk;kstu djrk gs d. vksiu gkml (open house)/[kqyk njckj dk vk;kstu djrk gs e. leqnk; ds lkfk le; ij ehfvax@csbdksa dk vk;kstu djrk gs f. vuksipkfjd ikjlifjd laidksaza }kjk g. nwljs LFkkuh; ehfm;k esa fokkiu nsrk gs h. osclkbv (website) ij?kks k.kk djrk gs i. vu; 3.3 fueukafdr esa fdl&fdl Jksrk ls Lo;alsodksaa dks vkdf kzr djus ds fy, lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds ikl ldzh; uhfr gsa\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. Ykkxw ugha gksrk gs b. iwjs leqnk; ls c. oafpr oxz ls d. efgyk e. vyila[;d lewg f. cpps g. ;qok h. lhfu;j flfvt+u (senior citizen)@cqt+qxz i. fodykax yksx j. vu; 45

67 3.4 vius dk;zdze esa Lo;alsodksa dks kkfey djus ds fy, lhvkj (CR) LVs ku D;k djrk gs\ (d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyiksa dks fvd djasa) a. dqn ugha djrk gs b. lgdfez;ksa ds chp lh[kus dh izfdz;k dks c<+kok nsrk gs c. izf k{k.k dk;z kkyk dk vk;kstu djrk gs d. LVs ku ds ikl izf k{k.k VwyfdV/iSdst (package ) gs e. vu; 3.5 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku Lo;alsod dh lsokvksa dks fdl :i ls eqvkot+k iznku djrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. fdlh izdkj dk eqvkot+k iznku ugha djrk gs b. ;k=k HkRrk iznku djrk gs c. [kku&iku dh O;oLFkk djrk gs d. jsfm;ks mriknu dk eqq~r izf k{k.k iznku djrk gs e. eqq~r dei;wvj f k{kk dk izko/kku j[krk gs f. olrqvksa ds :i esa eqvkot+k iznku djrk gs g. izek.k i= nsrk gs h. LFkkuh; nqdkukas esa NwV fnyk dj i. jsfm;ks if=dk@lksouh;j iznku dj j. r; ekuns; iznku dj k. vu; 3.6 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku Lo;alsodksa ds fo ks k ;ksxnkuksa dks fdl izdkj eku;rk iznku djrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. izek.k i= b. migkj c. vfhkuunu }kjk d. vu; LVs kuksa ij vknku&iznku ;k=k djus ds fy, lgk;rk e. izf k{k.k@ikb~;dze ds fy, QSyksf ki (fellowship) f. LVs ku dezpkjh cuus dk volj g. vu; 46

68 3.7 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku esa fueukafdr esa ls dksu ls dk;z vke rksj ij Lo;alsodksaa }kjk fd;s tkrs gsa\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. ykxw ugha gksrk gs b. vius vksj vkl&ikl ds yksaxksa dks djuk c. vius im+ksl esa duvsav (content) fuekz.k d. dk;zdze dh ;kstuk cukus esa e. dk;zdze dh djus esa f. mriknu&ik pkr izfdz;k g. dk;zdze ds izlkj.k esa h. dh ns[khkky esa i. fokkiu tqvkus esa j. Lkhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds ckgj dk;zdze vk;ksftr djus esa k. nwljs Lo;alsodksaa dks izf kf{kr djus esa l. lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds iz kklu laca/kh dk;ksza esa m. vu; 3.8 buesa ls fdl fof/k }kjk lhvkj (CR) LVs ku vius Lo;alsodksasa dk izca/ku djrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. dksbz fof/k ugha gs b. dk;z LFky ij t+:jr vkus ij dke ns dj c. Lo;alsodksa dh {kerk ds vuqlkj] mudh lwph cukdj d. dk;z fu/kkzj.k ds fy, csbd vk;ksftr dj e. lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dh fdlh [k+kl Vhe ds lkfk tksm+ dj f. Vhe (team)/ lewg dks iznrr M~;wVh pkvz }kjk g. vu; 47

69 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 48

70 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 49

71 IV. rduhd% mi;ksx vksj izca/ku 4.1 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku esa midj.kkas ds mi;ksx dk volj fdl dks iznku fd;k tkrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. O;kolkf;d rksj ij izf kf{kr O;fDr;ksa dks b. iq# kksa dks c. efgykvksa dks d. oafpr oxz dks e. vu; 4.2 fueukafdr esa ls fdl izdkj dk rduhdh izf k{k.k lhvkj (CR) LVs ku le; ij vius dezpkfj;ksa dks iznku djrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. dezpkjh dke ds nksjku lh[krs gsa b. dezpkfj;ksa ds fy, vkwq&lkbv (off-site) izf k{k.k c. O;kolkf;dksa }kjk vkwu&lkbv (on-site) izf k{k.k d. lgdfez;ksa ls lh[kus dh izfdz;k }kjk e. vu; 4.3 lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) fur; :i ls vius dezpkfj;ksa vksj leqnk; ds lnl;ksa ds fy, rduhdh izf k{k.k dk;z kkykvksa dk vk;kstu fdruh vof/k ds ckn djrk gs\ a. vk;ksftr ugha djrk gs b. dhkh&dhkh c. o kz esa,d ckj d. N% eghus esa,d ckj e. vdlj] tc t+:jr gks 4.4 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku esa rduhd esa lq/kkj ykus ;k fdlh [kkl rduhd esa cnyko ykus dk izlrko dgka ls vkrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. vfhkhkkod lalfkk ls@forr iznku djus okyh lalfkk ls b. lhvkj (CR) izca/ku lehfr ls & lh-vkj-,e-lh (CRMC) c. rduhd fo ks kk ds lkfk LVs ku izca/kd }kjk d. rduhd fo ks kk ds lkfk LVs ku dezpkfj;ksa }kjk 50

72 4.5 lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ij lkeku; rduhdh j[kj[kko dksu djrk gs\ a. flqz bl mn~ns ; ls fu;qdr@fdjk, ij cqyk;s x, is ksoj }kjk b. vkaf kd :i ls is ksoj] vkaf kd :i ls dezpkjh oxz }kjk c. vkaf kd :i ls dezpkjh oxz] vkaf kd :i ls leqnk; ds lnl; }kjk d. iwjh rjg ls leqnk; ds lnl;ksa }kjk 4.6 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku okjavh dh vof/k ds ckn midj.kksa dh ns[khkky vksj ejeer dsls djrk gs\ a. gj rjg dh lgk;rk ds fy, ckgjh is ksoj ij fuhkzj djrk gs b. NksVs eksvs ejeer ds fy, LFkkuh; tkudkjksa dh enn ysrk gs ij cm+h lel;k dk lek/kku ckgjh is ksoj dh enn ls djrk gs c. iwjh rjg ls LFkkuh; fo ks kkrk dk blrseky djrk gs 4.7 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds ikl midj.k ds blrseky vksj j[kj[kko lecu/kh dksbz iqflrdk/fn kk&funszf kdk miyc/k gs\ a. midj.k ds blrseky vksj j[kj[kko laca/kh dksbz iqflrdk ;k fn kkfunszf kdk miyc/k ugha gs b. fuekzrk }kjk iznrr iqflrdk ij fuhkzj c. lhvkj (CR) LVs ku }kjk LFkkuh; Hkk kk esa fufezr fn kkfunszf kdk 4.8 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku us fueukafdr esa ls fdu midj.kksa dks vutkuh nq?kzvukvksa ls cpko ds fy, chek djk;k gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. fdlh midj.k dk chek ugha b. VzkUlehVj c. Vkoj vksj,uvhuk d. LVwfM;ks ds lkjs midj.k e. QhYM ds midj.k (fjdkmzlz] iksvzcyl fedllz vkfn) f. vu; 4.9 vkids LVs ku esa fctyh dh lel;kvksa ds lek/kku ds fy, dksu ls osdfyid mik; gsa\ a. tujsvj (generator) b. vkbzih,l@;wih,l (IPS/UPS) c. v{k; L=ksr (mnkgj.k% lksyj] ck;ksxsl] vkfn) 51

73 4.10 D;k vkids LVs ku ds ikl bavjusv (internet) duksd ku (connection) gs\ a. gka b. ugha 4.11 LVs ku ds ikl,slh dksu lh rduhdh (technology) lqfo/kk,a gsa] ftlls og Jksrkvksa dh izksxzkeksa (programmes) esa Hkkxhnkjh dks lqxe cukrs gsa\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. LVs ku dezpkfj;ksa ds eksckby Qksu ds ek/;e ls b. Qksu&bu isuy (phone-in panel) c.,l,e,l xsvos (SMS gateway) d. buvjusv (internet) e. vu; 52

74 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 53

75 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 54

76 V. izlkj.k ds vkwu,;j (On Air) ekud 5.1 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ls izlkfjr gksus okys dk;zdze budk ikyu djrs gs% (d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. vkd kok.kh (All India Radio) }kjk fu/kkzfjr fu;eksa dk b. vfhkhkkod lalfkk }kjk fu/kkzfjr fu;eksa dk c. lhvkj (CR) LVs ku }kjk fu/kkzfjr fu;eksa dk [vkdk kok.kh (AIR) }kjk fu/kkzfjr fu;e vksj dqn LVs ku ds vfrfjdr fu;e] 5.2 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ;g dsls lqfuf pr djrk gs fd mlds dezpkjh vksj Lo;alsod vkdk kok.kh ds fu;eksa ds lkfk&lkfk lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dh fufr;ksa ls Hkh okfdq gsa\ (d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. dke ds nksjku fu;keksa vksj uhfr;ksa ls ifjfpr gks tkrk gs b. izf k{k.k dk;zdzeksa }kjk c. LVs ku esa iznf fyf[kr fn kkfunszf kdk }kjk d. osclkbv ds }kjk e. vu; 5.3 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku fdl izdkj vkdk kok.kh izlkj.k vf/kfu;e vksj LVs ku ds dk;zdze laca/kh ufr;ksa ds vuqikyu dks lqfuf pr djrk gss\ (d`i;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djasa) a. dksbz vuqikyu dkuwu ughaa gs b. le; ij dk;zdzeksa dh vfu;fer leh{kk dj c. LVs ku x.k izlkfjr dk;zdze dks lqurs gsa d. LVs ku x.k dk;zdze dkss izlkj.k ls igys lqurs gsa vksj mlesa vko ;drk vuqlkj la kks/ku djrs gsa e. vu; 5.4 fdlh dk myya?ku gksus ij lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dksu ls dne mbkrk gs\(d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. izlkj.k ds nksjku vkgr Jksrk lewg ls ekqh ekaxrk gs b. myya?ku dks jksdus ds mik; r; djus ds fy, csbd cqykrk gs c. bl xyrh esa kkfey O;fDr dks nsrk gs d. fu;fer :i ls tx:drk dk;z kkyk vk;ksftr djrk gs e. vu; 55

77 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 56

78 VI. kklu 6.1 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds fy, uhfr laca/kh fu.kz; dsls fy;s tkrs gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. vfhkhkkod lalfkk fu.kz; ysrh gs b. LVs ku ds dezpkfj;ksa ds chp fopkj foe kz dj c. leqnk; ds lnl;ksa ds lkfk lykg e kojk dj (mnkgj.k% Jksrkx.k xqzi] Loa; lgk;r lewg (SHGs), vu; laxbu] tu lquokbz) d. lykgdkjh ifj kn ds ek/;e ls e. izca/ku lfefr ds ek/;e ls 6.2 D;k lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds ikl lykgdkjh ifj kn gs\ a. gka b. ugha 6.3 lykgdkjh ifj kn dh csbd fdruh ckj gksrh gs\ a. ykxw ugha gksrk gs b. dksbz [k+kl fu;ferrk ugha gsa c. o kz esa,d ckj d. o kz esa nks ckj e. o kz esa rhu ckj f. eghus esa,d ckj 6.4 lykgdkjh ifj kn fdu ekeyksa ij viuh lykg nsrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. Ykkxw ugha gksrk gs b. LVs ku dh uhfr;ksa dk fuekz.k@leh{kk c. izksxzkfeax (programming) uhfr;ksa dk fuekz.k@leh{kk d. LFkkuh; dykdkjksa@fo ks kkksa ls laca/k cukuk e. usvofdzax (networking) dks et+cwr djuk 6.5 D;k lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds ikl izca/ku lfefr gs\ a. gka b. ugha 57

79 6.6 izca/ku desvh (CRMC) dh csbd fdruh ckj gksrh gs\ a. ykxw ugha gksrk gs b. dksbz [k+kl fu;ferrk ugha gsa c. o kz esa,d ckj d. o kz esa nks ckj e. o kz esa rhu ckj f. vdlj] (d`ik;k vof/k crk,a) 6.7 lhvkj (CR) izca/ku lehfr fdl rjg ds fu.kz; ysrh gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. Ykkxw ugha gksrk gs b. LVs ku dh uhfr;ksa dk fuekz.k@leh{kk c. forr laca/kh ;kstuk cukus esa d.,pvkj (HR) laca/kh ekeyksa ij lykg nsrh gs e. izksxzkfeax (programming) laca/kh lykg f. rduhdh fodyiksa ij lykg nsuk vksj vuqeksnu djuk g. LFkkuh; izca/ku ls laca/k cukuk h. usvofdzax (networking) dks et+cwr djuk i. jk Vzh; lhvkj (CR) uhfr;ksa ds fy, lykgdkj dh Hkwfedk j. vu; 6.8 lhvkj (CR) izca/ku lfefr esa fueukafdr oxz ds izfrfuf/k gsa (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. Ykkxw ugha b. Ekfgyk c. vyila[;d (minority) d. oafpr oxz [mnkgj.k%,l-lh@,l-vh (e.g. SC/ST)] e. cpps f. ;qok oxz g. lhfu;j flvht+u (senior citizen) /cqt+qxz h. fodykax i. ysafxd rksj ij gkf k;kdj.k ds f kdkj (le ysafxd] xs] yslfc;u vksj VzkaltsaMj xqzi) 58

80 j. vu; 6.9 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku vius dezpkfj;ksa dk p;u fdl izdkj djrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. vfhkhkkod lalfkk }kjk p;fur (NGO) }kjk fu;qfdr dh tkrh gs b. lhvkj (CR) izca/ku lehfr dh flqkfj k ij c. LVs ku }kjk inksa dh?kks k.kk ds ckn p;u izfdz;k }kjk d. LVs ku }kjk Lo;alsodkas ds e/; ls p;u e. LVs ku dh lfefr;ksa }kjk izlrkfor meehnokj f. vu; 6.10 lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) dh lhvkj (CR) izzca/ku desvh/lykgdkj lfefr vius Jksrkx.k xqziksa] Loa; lgk;rk lewgksa (SHGs), vu; laxbuksa vkfn ls fdruh ckj feyrh gs\ a. O;ofLFkr ;k ;kstukc) rjhds ls dksbz csbd ugha gksrh gs b. o kz esa,d ckj c. N% eghuksa esa,d ckj d. rhu eghus esa,d ckj e. vdlj] d`ik;k vof/k crk,a 6.11 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku fdl izdkj ls leqnk; ds lnl;ksa ds vkxeu ;k HksaV dks izksrlkfgr djrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. bl rjg ds vkxeu dks izksrlkfgr djus ds fy, dksbz uhfr ugha gs b. vfu;fer eqykd+kr }kjk c. vksiu gkml (open house) }kjk le; le; ij d. ;kstukc) rjhds ls leqnk; ;k xkao ds yksaxksa ds lkfk eqykdkr dj e. fu;fer csbd }kjk f. nwljs [k+kl dk;zdzeksa }kjk (mnkgj.k% LokLF; dsai) g. vu; 6.12 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku fdl izdkj leqnk; dks vius kklu i)fr ls ifjfpr djkrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. Ykkxw ugha b. leqnk; ds lkfk csbd dj 59

81 c. lhvkj (CR) LVs ku esa iznf kzr pkvz vksj ikslvj }kjk d. usjksdkflvax (narrowcasting) l= ds }kjk e. vksiu gkml (open house) l= ds }kjk f. lks ky vkwfmv ds nksjku g. lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ij?kks k.kk }kjk h. nwljs LFkkuh; ehfm;k esa?kks k.kk }kjk i. osclkbv (website)/lks ky ehfm;k (social media) ds ek/;e ls j. vu; - 60

82 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 61

83 VII. izfrfdz;k,a vksj f kdk;rsa 7.1 fueukafdr esa ls fdu izfdz;kvksa }kjk Jksrk lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dks viuh izfrfdz;k,a iznku djrk gss\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. Jksrkvksa dk losz{k.k b. fpfv~b;ka c. Qksu dkwy d.,l-,e-,le. bz&esyl f. lks ky usvofdzax osclkbv~l g. vkeus&lkeus okrkz h. lq>ko ckwdl i. vu; 7.2 Jksrkvksa dh izfrfdz;kvksa ij dkjzokbz djus ds fy, lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dksu lh izfdz;k viukrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. dksbz izfdz;k ugha gs b. izfrfdz;kvksa dks bdv~bk dj mldk fo ys k.k djrs gsa c. fu;fer dezpkjh csbd esa izfrfdz;kvksa ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gs d. izfrfdz;k ij dkjzokbz djus ds fy, vfhkhkkod lalfkk ds lkfk ppkz dh tkrh gs e. fu;fer :i ls izfrfdz;k dk izlkj.k dj f. vu; 7.3 fueukafdr esa ls fdl izfdz;k }kjk Jksrk lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dks viuh f kdk;rsa ntz djk ldrs gsa\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. Jksrkvksa dk losz{k.k b. fpfv~b;ka c. Qksu dkwy d.,l-,e-,l- e. bz&esyl f. lks ky usvofdzax osclkbv~l g. vkeus&lkeus okrkz h. f kdk;r ckwdl 62

84 i. vu; 7.4 Jksrkvksa dh f kdk;rksa ij dkjzokbz djus ds fy, lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dksu lh izfdz;k viukrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. dksbz izfdz;k ugha gsa b. f kdk;rksa dks bdv~bk dj mldk fo ys k.k djrs gsa c. lhvkj (CR) LVs ku izca/kd }kjk f kdk;rksa dks nwj djus gsrq fu.kz; d. fu;fer dezpkjh csbd esa f kdk;rksa ij fopkj fd;k tkrk gs e. f kdk;r ij dkjzokbz djus ds fy, vfhkhkkod lalfkk ds lkfk ppkz dh tkrh gs f. le; ij fu;fer :i ls f kdk;r dk izlkj.k dj g. vu; 7.5 Jksrkvksa dh izfrfdz;kvksa@f kdk;rksa ds vk/kkj ij lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds dk;zdze@izlkj.k esa finys N% eghus esa D;k cnyko yk;k x;k\ d`i;k fdlh [k+kl?kvuk dh ppkz t+:j djsaa 63

85 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 64

86 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 65

87 VIII. duvsav (Content) lghkktu vksj usvofxzad (Networking) 8.1 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku duvsav (content) lghkktu ds fy, fueukafdr esa ls fdl izfdz;k dks viukrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. fdlh izdkj dk lghkktu ugha djrk gs b. dk;zdze dh ;kstuk dk lghkktu c. vfhkys[k dk lghkktu d. dk;zdzeksa dk lghkktu e. vu; 8.2 lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ls izlkfjr gksus okys dk;zdze esa ls fdruk izfr kr d;zdze rhljh ikvhz ls fy;k x;k gsa [mnkgj.k% ;wfulsq(unicef), ;wusldks( UNESCO )] ch-ch-lh oymz lfozl VzLV(BBC World Service Trust)] MhMCyw (Deutsche Welle)] lsles LVzhV(Sesame Street), vkfn] a. 50% ds vkl&ikl b % ds chp c % ds chp d. 20% ls de e. dksbz ugha 8.3 nwljs lhvkj LVs kuksa (CR stations) ds lkfk duvsav (content) lghkktu djrs le;] vius LFkkuh; dykdkjksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh j{kk djus gsrq lhvkj (CR) LVs ku D;k djrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. dksbz uhfr ugha gsa b. lacaf/kr dykdkj ls lgefr ysuk c. vkwu,;j (on air) izlkj.k ds nksjku dykdkj dks Js; nsuk d. vxj izlkj.k ds }kjk nwljs LVs ku dks dksbz O;kolkf;d Q+k;nk gks jgk gks rks dykdkj dks eqvkot+k fnyk dj e. vu; 8.4 lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) vu; LVs kuksa ds lkfk fdl izdkj dk lghkktu djrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. dqn lghkktu ugha djrk b. duvsav (content) dk lghkktu djrk gs c. dk;zdze dh dk d. O;kolkf;d,;j Vkbe (air time) 66

88 e. {kerk f. g. vu; 8.5 D;k lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) nwljs LVs ds lkfk vknku&iznku ;k=kvksa dh lqfo/kk iznku djrk gs\ a. gka b. ugha 8.6 lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) fdu jk Vzh; vksj varjkz Vzh; (vkwu ykbu vksj vkwq ykbu) ls tqm+k gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. de;wfuvh jsfm;ks Qksje vkwwq bafm;k (CRF) b. de;wfuvh jsfm;ks,lksfl, ku vkwwq bafm;k (CRA) c.,-,e-,-vkj-lh. (AMARC) d.,d nqfu;k vusd vkokt+ (EDAA) e. eap (MANCH) f. usvodlz (regional networks) ;fn gsa] rks d`i;k myys[k djsa g. vu; 8.7 D;k lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) lkekftd ds lkfk laxbu djrk gs] tks yksxksa ds vf/kdkjksa ds fy, buesa ls fdlh {ks= esa dke djrs gsa% (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. dksbz dm+h ugha b. vkjvhvkbz (RTI) c. [kku&iku dh lqj{kk d. i;kzoj.k e. taxy vksj vkfnoklh vf/kdkj f. efgykvksa ds vf/kdkj g. cky vf/kdkj h. nfyr vf/kdkj i. f k{kk dk vf/kdkj j. jkst+xkj dk vf/kdkj k. vu; 67

89 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 68

90 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 69

91 IX. vk; mriknu vksj forrh; tokcnsgh 9.1 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku ds vk; mriknu ds fofhkuu L=ksr D;k gsa\ (tc vki lhkh L=ksarksa ds izfr kr dks tksmsa+xs rc mls yxhkx lks izfr kr gksuk pkfg,a) L=ksr dqy lefkzu dk izfr kr fofhkuu cgqi{kh; lalfkkvksa }kjk forrh; lgk;rk ysuk vfhkhkkod lalfkk fokkiu (ljdkjh) izk;kstu (ljdkjh) fokkiu (O;kolkf;d) dk;zdze ij feyus okyh jkf k [k+kl ifj;kstuk ls vkenkuh,e. vkbz. ch. (MIB) Ldhe ls feyk dks k LVs ku O;kikj lnl;rk kqyd lnl;rk vuqnku vu; L=ksr] d`ik;k myys[k djsa leh{kk dh vof/k esa vkslr :i esa lhvkj (CR) LVs ku,d?kavs esa fdrus feuv ds fokkiu miyc/k dj ik;k gs\ a. dksbz fokkiu ugha b feuv c feuv d feuv 70

92 e feuv f feuv 9.3 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku vk; mriknu ds fy, fueukafdr esa ls dksu ls vuqiwjd L=ksrksa dks viukrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. dksbz vuqiwjd L=ksr ugha b. LVwfM;ks dk fdjk;k c. midj.k dk fdjk;k d. QksVksdkWih e. buvjusv dk blrseky f. izf k{k.k dk vk;kstu g. vu; 9.4 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku fdl fof/k }kjk leqnk; ls fuf/k izkir djrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. izkir ugha djrk b. lnl;rk kqyd c. jde esa pank d. olrqvksa esa pank e. k.kk f. vu; 9.5 lhvkj (CR) LVs ku vius,dkmav ;k vkys[k (account) dk fooj.k leqnk; dks fdruh ckj nsrk gs\ a. ugha nsrk gs b. o kz esa,d ckj c. N% eghus esa,d ckj 9.6 fueukafdr esa ls fdl rjhds ls lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) vius leqnk; dks forrh; fjiksvz (financial report) dk fooj.k iznku djrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. fooj.k ugha nsrk b. lhvkj LVs ku (CR station) ij izn kzu c. osclkbv ij Mky dj d. ekax ij miyc/k djkrk gs 71

93 e. le; ij izlkj.k dj f. vu; 9.7 orzeku vk; mriknu ds rjhds dks csgrj cukus ds fy, lhvkj (CR) LVs ku dksu lh fof/k viukrk gs\ (d`ik;k lhkh mi;qdr fodyi dks fvd djsaa) a. vk; mriknu ds orzeku L=ksr dks c<+kuk b. vk; L=ksrksa esa fofo/krk c. Jksrk dh la[;k c<+kus ds fy, VzkalehVj dh igqap c<+kuk d. [k+kl fnyplih ds dk;zdze dks c<+kok nsuk e. dk;zdze dh xq.korrk dks c<+kuk f. leqnk; dh Hkkxhnkjh dks c<+kok nsuk g. ckgjh usvofdzax xfrfof/k;ksa dks c<+kok nsuk h. vu; 72

94 uksv~l xkssy ikslv 73

95 vkxs dh jhfmaxl (Readings) Buckler, Bill (1996). A learning process model to achieve continuous improvement and innovation, The LearningOrganisation, 3 (3), pp Buckley, Steve (2008). Community broadcasting: good practice in policy, law and regulation, Paper prepared for UNESCO for World Press Freedom Day 2008 by President, World Association for Community Radio Broadcasters. Retrieved from eve+buckley+community+media+-+maputo+wpfd.pdf Community MHz II (2012). Assessing Community Radio Performance in Nepal, retrieved from documents/articles/nepal_communitymhzii.pdf Fraser, Colin and Estrada, Sonia Restrepo (2001). The UNESCO Handbook on Community Radio, Paris: UNESCO Howley, Kevin (2000). Radiocracyrulz! Microradio as electronic activism, International Journal of Cultural Studies, 3(2), pp Langley, G., Nolan, K., Norman, C., & Provost, L. (1996). The Improvement Guide: a practical approach to enhancing organisational performance, San Francisco: Jossy Bass Publishers Lennie, June and Tacchi, Jo (2013). Evaluating Communication for Development: a framework for social change, Oxon, UK: Routledge Mertens, Donna M. (2009). Transformative Research and Evaluation, New York: Guilford Press Ojebode, A. (2009). Doing Community Radio, A toolkit for Nigerian Communities, Lagos: Nigeria Community Radio Coalition Pavarala,Vinod and Malik, Kanchan K. (2007). Other Voices: the struggle for community radio in India, New Delhi: Sage Publications Waldman, Steven (2011). The Information needs of Communities, The changing media landscape in a broadbandage, Federal Communications Commission (FCC), July Retrieved from: Wenger, E., McDermott, R. & Snyder, William M. (2002). Cultivating Communities of Practice, Boston: Harvard Business School Press 74

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