GREEN: A TCP Equation-Based Approach to Active Queue Management

GREEN: A TCP EquationBased Approach to Active Queue Management Apu Kapadia Dept. of Computer Science University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign 21 N. Goodwin Urbana, IL 6181 akapadia@uiuc.edu Wuchun Feng Computer & Computational Sciences Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 87545 feng@lanl.gov Roy H. Campbell Dept. of Computer Science University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign 21 N. Goodwin Urbana, IL 6181 rhc@uiuc.edu ABSTRACT!#"$#%&!"& #%('()*+*$#)!',/.13254 768#!#%&#"/9'(""9:'("/;5*<'("%()/)'("=> )?!/@)A"%B"CD*%(*C=%() '(EFEG()"H;5*!#"> #""%5*%(*D"IJ>K'("F@L'L;M?$#9:I(N'(@#"=D*'()ON KP 1 Q#??*5I"'L;1=%(5'(ER*3#=>S 36R *$,>'&)'(ET.132U9'(""9'&" 'V=)'(?/?$#9:I(?)'&(9:,&S&@(*W?),&""%X'("%#,&=Y. 32[Z$'L;5\E])'(^,&)\"=9"%X9'("%& '("FP/_ B#'`?),&"&D*'()O)V)'("=>a)?b/dca e.3. f1z$'l;1 E])'&g%()#66"%1/'()*$#"J*)hEa#)F*$#) '(EW6$#"=>;1=>*FPe\'("> "AS&@D ï")`x9:*j*%(*)`eg#)"`6rk;\" Z$'L;1\*$#"d'#*)3W:!("$#%(/"59*/P _l"8#5;\'()im'&"g n,##$=o*d?p)e]'()!("9q'&ev#" =#B r)'&>)@ ;1*9:*j;3#q#/=j'<*$,U%('(6$# IW"'L;5=%(+'(Eb#9:*s"=,W=$#dZ$'L;D4 Q e.5.jpct$)o*)/'&)#@ *m#%('&)a*u;5#v9?>6w'q,&)w"=)ox>k#'&" '(Ey*o"Iz6$#"=>;1=>*^"{*o?)"9j'(È *'()O,&={'() 'L;3 6$#"=>;1=>*Z$'L;1P.}'m(==)Y*q*'()O9'(!"%&@3;\?)"7("["9",&x6$(=w'(>'&"U;1*)YZ$';1B6p":~/6S X6R=="%V*) 9))"\ e.3.oo!# "/*1. 32M*#=)P H*"X?)"&)AeEG'()#"X_l J v#?x6$#=x'(>'("d;1*) * )'(>)HOY\VZ$'L;D4 \ e.5.q6&sy?r)e]'()!"%x''(iw?\" q'w9#\_l J q(?7=$#6$#(pw WX#'&"[)7=/'(").3*o;\'()Iƒ;3(o??R'&)O=s6S *+ BP ppy?$#)o/"q'(e ")%#S *)'&%(*r N'(+ˆ 8#/'( #'&"$#[ N#6p'()'()OSi9'("> )#9 lš# &Œ& Ll V 1lŽ( `;5*[E]"="%q?)'L,>==w6&SU*Y V J }#6R'&)'()OSWx )9=m 1()9*<#"=<,&'&?/"&Y2 )'(%()#dp.5*y?$(?r)cy,##8#6v#c N'(Cˆ 8#/'(C "!A=o 1# 9*"9#>)?R'()O5ca Nˆ1 3lŒ# # Œ> Š(fN#e;\>#e _l JM9:*"9# )?R'&)ODca _l J\ V5 x 5k #Œ(Œ# #k &Œ& & _l N 1 V l (Œ(Œ# # LŠW Œf:P ˆ?Q D#?$#=8[;3#CEG"==j"j?$#)Oy6&S*v BP pp\ J?>P '(E ")%#ST4 b %(*>l2})e]'()y#"9<\'(!?>)[ W9"9<t$'L;1*? *)'(%&*q N'( ˆ 8#!'( '("$#} }#6R'()#'()OS&@T N;1)"9X N,&)O!'() '("$#W N(6R'()'&)OS(@(#"=/ >#"=81 #'&"$# N(6R'()'&)OS(P *$1'&)1(%&'()* 1)"5EG'()56R'(*`'("%(x,&=d#5;\N# *'()Ox,&=d#"=`'L;3 6$#"=>;1=>*`9'(""9'&"P 1. l;3'()io9'("%('&"j"=9=g6&sj. \2ƒ)# /9U(=y'm'( INTRODUCTION?$#9:I(@y;3(O"%z#C*j)'()9m*$m*g?$#9:I(<9'("> /=Y'("CH;3S/EG)'(^'&)9 'B="$'("FPeˆ 9,&!("$#%(/"Mcaˆ bfc9*/d9:* #d 1 š œ @V Hoš #œ @ ˆNž iša L Lœ @h 1 ŸšA œ @N#"=M2 _7š LŒœ #9,&Sv=:9D9'("%('&" #)SC("=`#??)'&?)#SC)#93'7!?R"="%79'("%(O'("C*$# ;\'(=U'#*)O;5X~$e*/!("=U9(!y6)OD'(E?$(9I( =)'(?P{ M@52 _@3#"=jˆNž #)b=%("=j'w"9)#v* "IM>K'("<!b)'(>)7;5*y!#"#""%v!(\W KPN 'L;\,&)@L*:SV=' "'#N?)'L,>=H#=$ Ea#)"@;1*9* 7#9)A~$9=7*y9'(7'&E1*%(*)/>K'("FP *C #"=U HX;\)7=%("=v'C#6KXW7KV#J';z, @3te'L; #"='( #)Sm )'(?+cate VfdšA (œ #"=j '9:*$#O 9vtR#)y Hmc Wt 5fvš LœJ/?)'L,&q'("Q*)y?R)E]'()Y#"9v6&S '(?p)#"%y5*jz$';,&xp te z#"=q Wt g/?>3'/"> *$#"9\*)'(%(*?> EG#)"6pl;\"XZ$'L;16&SX?R"$#K"%JZ$';1 '(Eh*%&*)\6$#"=>;5=>*F@>6>\;\ *'L;o*$#H* #??)'#9*\=' "'#H?p)EG'(){;\;5*!Z$'L;5 *$H*$,&1;5=SX,(#)OSW"%B e.5.3p 1 š œ}3 $ ( xª]«# 5 $ $ H / # R ±W :! $ ²a³J µy H9:*! ;1*9:*/)%(8.132UZ$'L;5 ',)*5(/3"ID'DJEG#) "=> "%b)(@ #"=m*"9(@?),&"x* E])'( "=9"%U9'("%(O '("FP{ ='y'[6s"%[*viw"';1=%(q'&ev.13254 (=>S O#56R*$,W'()PtR"%B:\(aPTš œr?)"&h?)'(!"%v?) /"$#)OSU)BEG'()Xb ƒ)'&>)@e;1*9*w: >*6B*%(* EG#)"5;1A*dZ$'L;5 '(E};1=ASy,##)OS>"%Y e.3.5p\ 'L;\,&)@$*) =%("b>¹t) EG)'(n,&)7"=)Ox>K#'&"v"v*7?)"9 '(ET*'()O A,=!'&) 'L;3 6$#"=>;1=>*/Z$';1P}tR)O*)!'()(@* #> *'() #/D%('(6$(N e.3. IW"'L;5=%(B'(EeZ$'L;1 1*B)'(>)P _l"y*3?$#?p)@;3?)'l,>=v7?)#99(f(%&'()*ƒe]'() #"=!*'L;*$ '()H#??)'&#9:*Y#9*,& *%(*/"IX>K'("/" *1?)"9 '&ET*'&)Ox,&=!'() 'L;3 6$#"=>;1=>*!Z$'L;5P 1?)'#?R'&!OV e.3. OY'("v9:*"DE]'()X 1 ƒ#"= *'; *'L;z!*%(*v=%()X'(EEG#)" J#9*,&=FP "9(@F'() '(>'&"y1?)#99(he]'()5)#o9v=?'ls>/"& #"=d',)9'(! :,)(F/'("\'&E B@#5?)'&?R'(=`"Mš œ P 1 B4 9'("%('(">x?),&""%@?)'&(9:,&(@!("$#%(/"D9*/!B6$#=M'&"[d!*Y9(!'= '(E

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Fairness 1.8.6.4.2 Fairness Index 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 cx&f #"F4 5tR#)"5_l"=Ç,>P X6R)5'(E}te'L;1 Bytes Sent 5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Bytes Sent vs. Flow ID 5 1 15 2 Flow ID ca6rf HSX W"V,>P/te';{_l X@h e.5.z"9)#d#dte'l; _l "9)# Utilization (%) 1 95 9 85 Overall Link Utilization Packet Loss.1.8.6.4.2 Packet Loss 8 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 ca9lf3 1,&)#h h"ic 1K'("C,WP X6p)3'(E}te'L;5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 ca=rf3,&)#h2#9i&: N'(\,>P X6p)5'(E}te'L;5 Avg. Queue Size 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Avg. Queue Size Avg. Queue Size STD 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Avg. Queue Size STD 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 calfhˆ1,>%ph X WKJ,WP X6p)3'(E}te'L;5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 caef3 W.5 "q B WKJ,>P X6p)1'(ENte'L;5 5+ > > 5 O>!@1: >!B A : B6 A B @D Š

1 Fairness Index 1 Overall Link Utilization Fairness.8.6.4.2 Utilization (%) 95 9 85 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 cx&f #"F4 5tR#)"5_l"= y,wp X6R)5'(E}te'L;1 8 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 ca6rf5 1,&)#F N"IY 1K'("C,>P X6R)5'(E}te'L;5 Packet Loss.1.8.6.4.2 Packet Loss Avg. Queue Size 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Avg. Queue Size 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 ca9lf3,&)#h2#9i( h'&3,wp X6R)5'(E}te';1 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 ca=rf\ˆ1,>%p B WKJ,WP X6R)5'&ENte'L;1 Avg. Queue Size STD 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Avg. Queue Size STD 5 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 calf5 W.3 "q X WK,>P X6R)5'(E}te'L;1 5 > > 5 O> @R: [> B A : B6 A+ [B j>: @D

1 Fairness Index 1 Overall Link Utilization Fairness.8.6.4.2 Utilization (%) 95 9 85 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 cx&f #"F4 5tR#)"5_l"= y,wp X6R)5'(E}te'L;1 8 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 ca6rf5 1,&)#F N"IY 1K'("C,>P X6R)5'(E}te'L;5 Packet Loss.1.8.6.4.2 Packet Loss Avg. Queue Size 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Avg. Queue Size 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 ca9lf3,&)#h2#9i( h'&3,wp X6R)5'(E}te';1 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 ca=rf\ˆ1,>%p B WKJ,WP X6R)5'&ENte'L;1 Avg. Queue Size STD 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Avg. Queue Size STD 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 calf5 W.3 "q X WK,>P X6R)5'(E}te'L;1 5 > > 5 O> @R: [> B A : B6 A+ [B 1@D n57d: < @D

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