Informasjonsflyt i en BIM-basert byggeprosess!

Transkript

1 Katrine Brevik Opdahl Masteroppgave Informasjonsflyt i en BIM-basert byggeprosess Oslo, 10. juni 2009 NTNU Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet Fakultet for ingeniørvitenskap og teknologi Institutt for bygg, anlegg og transport

2

3 NORGES TEKNISK- NATURVITENSKAPELIGE UNIVERSITET INSTITUTT FOR BYGG, ANLEGG OG TRANSPORT Oppgavens tittel: Dato: 14. juni 2009 Antall sider (inkl. bilag): 90 Masteroppgave X Prosjektoppgave Navn: Stud.techn. Katrine Brevik Opdahl Faglærer/veileder: Amund Bruland Eventuelle eksterne faglige kontakter/veiledere: Ole Petter Haugen, Skanska Norge Ekstrakt: Problemer med informasjonsflyt i dag: Interoperabilitet på et teknisk nivå, å få riktig informasjon til riktig tid.og oppdatering og utvikling av informasjon Det mangler et integrert system som kan styre produksjon, revisjon og utveksling av informasjon når dette skjer simultant hos flere parter i byggeprosjektet. Systemet må også kunne styre informasjonsoverføringen fra en prosjektfase til neste. Systemet må tilrettelegge for produksjon av informasjon med god kvalitet fra begynnelsen, og ivareta informasjonen gjennom hele byggeprosjektet. BIM muliggjør en mer nøyaktig prosjektering, kalkulering og produksjonsplanlegging, noe som gjør det mulig å korte ned produksjonstiden og minimere feil. Det er også av interesse å effektivisere prosjekterings-, kalkulasjonsog planleggingsprosessene. Ved implementering av BIM vil man produsere informasjon av bedre kvalitet og detaljgrad, men fortsatt er det slik at alle fag har ansvar for å utvikle egne tegninger/modeller for sine egne løsninger. Disse delmodellene må da integreres i en samlet modell til slutt. For å effektivisere prosessene er det nødvendig å endre måten man utveksler informasjon og kommuniserer på. En IDM beskriver bakgrunnsprosessene i byggeprosjekter, informasjonen som behøves for å gjennomføre prosessene, og resultatene av prosessene. Den tar for seg informasjonsutveksling både på organisatorisk og teknisk plan og baserer seg på bruk av BIM og IFC. Målene med IDM er å standardisere informasjonen som utveksles for typiske aktiviteter i byggeprosjekter, å utvikle informasjon basert på åpne filformater, benyttet av alle parter, stille krav til programvareleverandører og å forbedre byggeprosessen ved å ha informasjon tilgjengelig når den behøves og at kvaliteten til enhver tid samsvarer med behovet til brukeren. IDM er et dokument-sett som består av prosesskart, exchange requirements og functional parts For å effektivisere prosessen vil man gjøre det mulig for flere parter å arbeide samtidig og også sørge for teknisk interoperabilitet slik at man kan være sikker på kvaliteten på informasjonen som overføres digitalt. Samarbeidet om design kan forbedres ved å bruke BIM i kombinasjon med en modellserver. Dette er også en forutsetning for at IDM skal fungere optimalt. Siden det er dyrt å bruke en BIM server er det interessant å teste om en gratis open-source BIM server fungerer like godt som en kommersiell server-løsning. Stikkord: 1. Informasjonsflyt 2. Bygningsinformasjonsmodell, BIM 3. Information Delivery Manual, IDM 4. BIM server (sign.)

4

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

6 ""

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

9 ,**-".$% 4$#$#7************************************************************************************************************************************* 8 9(33&.7#(/ ********************************************************************************************************************* $57**********************************************************************************************************************************: 42/1#52%)& ***************************************************************************************************************************:88 ;* <3#(""$#)&. *************************************************************************************************************; ;*; =('/#1..$/>$#3?5******************************************************************************************************** ; ;*@ <""AB//2./************************************************************************************************************************ ; ;*C 4$#1)%&).2./&#$/(D/#&.%.2./&#****************************************************************************** F&.&#&5)$3>$#%'.2./%3&)$7&********************************************************************************** :(5/(D3&)$7& ***************************************************************************************************************** G?B?BR X1))$*')/*()/21/&BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB`?B?B? 7+*(98BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBa C* 92)1(%H$.&.27(/********************************************************************************************************I C*; =B//&"#$%&%%&.27(/***************************************************************************************************** I C*@ 8.>$#3(%H$.%>5B)27(/**************************************************************************************************** I bb?br U/%2$% BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBc bb?b? [%)*$,*$%9*$% BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBA C*C JK%.2./******************************************************************************************************************************;@ L* MD(&#=8E$/84N**************************************************************************************************** ;C L*; =8E *************************************************************************************************************************************;C L*@ 84N***************************************************************************************************************************************;L G* =8E2AB//&"#$%&%%&.******************************************************************************************** ;I G*; =8E2'(5'15(%H$.$/"5(.5&//2./*****************************************************************************@O P* P*; MD$#>$#8QE ********************************************************************************************************************@; P*@ MD(&#8QE ***********************************************************************************************************************@@ P*C 9)(.7(#72%&#2./(D8QE***********************************************************************************************@C I* I*; 6#$%&%%'(#) *********************************************************************************************************************@S cbrbr :+)'(H+%BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB?A cbrb? =)3+*&1%-'.2+8/&$%)'(H+%BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBbR cbrbb V6'-$$)"#JIFJ:21'-*'& BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBbR I*@ T+,-(./&U&012#&3&.)% *********************************************************************************************CS cb?br V6'-$[\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)( BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBbA I*C 41.,)2$.(56(#)%*************************************************************************************************************L; cbbbr V6'-$7/%G)1+%'6F'*)(BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBdR V* =8E%&#D&#***************************************************************************************************************** LC V*; MD$#>$#=8E%&#D&#W*****************************************************************************************************LC V*@ T2&#%'("$/(.%D(#%>$#-$57***************************************************************************************LV V*C X')1&55&84N3$7&55%&#D&#& **************************************************************************************LS ebbbr [#J BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBdA ebbb? <:C(I"J($*.$*BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB`? S* Y&%)(D=2E%&#D&#*************************************************************************************************** GG Y

10 S*; S*C S*L =&%'#2D&5%&(D>$#%K'&)***********************************************************************************************GP FH&..$3>K#2./ ***************************************************************************************************************GI Q2%'1%H$.(D>$#%K'&) **************************************************************************************************PI Z$.'51%H$. **********************************************************************************************************************PI ;O* Q2%'1%H$. **************************************************************************************************************** PS ;O*; Q2%'1%H$.[Y&$#2>#(52))&#()1#%)17213 ***************************************************************PS Q2%'1%H$.[8QE$/9'(.%'(6#$71,)Q&%2/. ******************************************************IO ;O*C Q2%'1%H$.[=8E%&#D&#$/9'(.%'(6#$71,)Q&%2/.*****************************************I; ;O*L Q2%'1%H$.[T2&#>$#-$57$/'$.)#(-&#2./D&7A#1'(D=8E$/=8E%&#D&# ;;* Z$.'51%H$. ************************************************************************************************************* IC U&>&#(.%&#************************************************************************************************************** IG :&75&//******************************************************************************************************************************* II :&75&//;[Y&'.2%'A&%'#2D&5%&(DN-&,'\$1)>1.'%H$.&.2TQEE$7&59&#D&# *II Y"

11 /+0#./12)% )%*+(,-.,/01+#$%&,2*,11+#$%&,3$21,4563'$7,899:;<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<= )%*+(,A.,)2('#BCC,DE,321CC,31,2*,+$0,%0$(2D(6F%C%$$,4)%'GH(,$,6C<7,899I; <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<-- )%*+(,=.,J6FCC,2&(,#2'$061(,"2(F+01$,31,1E(C%*,%0$(2D(6F%C%$$,4K6'$360,$,6C<7,899:; <<<<<<<<<<-8 )%*+(,I.,L'#(%&C',6&,/)M,5GH36,4K6'$360,$,6C<7,899:; <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<-I )%*+(,N.,K01(%0*,%,2(*60%'6'B20'"2(H2C1,&1,F(+#,6&,L/O,4K6'$360,$,6C<7,899:; <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<-P <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<8A )%*+(,--.,V"(60'D(2'''(,%,/SO,4K'D12##07,899N1;,4T%U7,899P6;<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<8= )%*+(,-A.,J36(,%,/SO,4T%U7,899PF;<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<8N <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<A8 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<=9 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<AA <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<AA <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<=8 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<AI <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<AP )%*+(,8I.,)+0G$%206C,\6($,4T%U7,899P6;<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<=- )%*+(,8P.,J(,'G06(%(,"2(,%0"2(36'B20'+$&#'C%0*<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<=N )%*+(,8:.,_2&1#23D200$(,KSO'(&(,4`^(*0'0,$,6C<7,899:;<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<II )%*+(,A9.,O21CC0,F(+#$,%,"2('^#$ <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<II )%*+(,A-.,5(&(0',F(+#(<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<IP )%*+(,A8.,\(2'B#$,1$6CB(<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<I: )%*+(,AA.,V&%'B20,- <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<I: )%*+(,AI.,501,$2,L/O'(&(<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<N9 )%*+(,AN.,a5+GG''"+CCQ,R(%$$0,(&%'%20a<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<N9 )%*+(,AP.,/00C2**%0*,L(+#(,8 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<N- )%*+(,A:.,V&%'B20'C2** <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<N8 <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<N8 )%*+(,=9.,V&%'B20'C2**,&%'(,2DD16$(%0* <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<NA )%*+(,=-.,5D^((%0*0,4b+(Q;<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<N= )%*+(,=8.,V'+C$(01,/)M,"%C,"(6,'D^((%0*<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<N= )%*+(,=A.,5D^((%0*,Yc/S <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<NI )%*+(,==.,V'+C$(01,/)M,"%C,"(6,'D^((%0*,23,Yc/S <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<NI Y""

12 % Y"""

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

14 "%)$*+,$*'0161)$)&$66+&,*+(H$8)3'($*$*$%.18)1-2$6'.+,,-'.$%5&$% *',,+*)$%3+*24,$*($-188$1)$8%1(8$69(%1%-$*5(+&,*+-*'&.'*$+- +.$*39*1%-(3+*&')$*/)+.$*"7QB?

15 ;43 A)*)#).2%"(%9"#18*/*+1()2"$)% [%3+*(8%1%-(,*+($(((8'6L$6()0$()>'.396-$%2$)*1%%N J2($%'#,*(+00C6*.X1))$*')/*-H$%%+&-'%-3+*>$)'06$*$ 8/%%(8',(()')/( )2(3+C(,HQD2$'(.E.86'*$>*('8(('&&$%L$%-$*+-'&01(H+%(%1.> [D(6'B206C%'(,F*(D(.,E.86'*$0$-*$,(L1$*'*81+-&>6$%1.> c$&%#c,"2('#0%0*'1'%*0.e.86'*$1%3+*&'(h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f(+&2$*$))$* 8'%)$()$(.$22$2/8)1.3+*(8%1%-+-8'%(8H$$)'06$*$%48/%%(8',g b

16 "#$%&'()*+)#,#$%&'()-,&*#, ;*(,1)*+ &,*1',1 "#$%67*" <1'"6'==,1 B=,1/67*",33,)#,0'"'67*",1 C,#$%67*"./%&/)01/)-23'"+4) *56,1(/67*"4) '"&,1(7$4),&8.*1%3/1'"+,1)*+ 0*1$&6'+,36,1 >D)B366*" *+)AD)AE1,"6,"4)FGGH 9'1%,3'+:,&," NTNU Fordypningsfag " Forskningsmetode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aradigme 5,&,+",1)#,)0,33,64)*0&,)$6%1,(",)6='33,1,+3,14)6*-) Y'6121)$)$%f-4621-L$)$%g(18*$(.$2>.$6-$*18)1-$1%218')+*$*5(+&/).$)421--1* (.'*,>2$)&'%9%(8$*>&>6$B7+*>8.'61)$)((18*$3+*(8%1%-$%4))$*61-$*$$* Paradigmeskifte,1),&)6?6&,-/&'6%)6%'0&,)')-2&,)2 &,"%,)=2 6*-),1) &'%%92))16>.$6-$1%218')+*$*&$2.'*1'06$*(+&8'%&>6$(1L.$*)3+*(985(618 /()5,&?#,3'+)6&I11,36,)*+)1,%%,('##,D) ')*$(/6)')$%$061*('&&$%61-%0'*$B J,*6&/&'6%, KL):,3'*6,"&1'6%,)(,1#,"65'3#,)MN*=,1"'8$6O [%$%)421-8.'61)')1.1%218')+*8*$.$*%+*&'6)36$*$,*$(1($*1%-$*$%%$%$%)421- A%/=,36,6&,*1',")KL)S&('%3'"+63Q1,")MC/1T'"O 8.'%)1)')1.1%218')+*53+*$8($&,$6N "%218')+*fL.'(+&(8'6&>6$(g =).'6-fL.$&g J$%-2$fL.+*&4$g </1/#'+-, 0I1,1)&'3),"))5,6&,-&)=1*53,-3I6,"#,4)('&,"6%/=,3'+)=1/%6'6) P/15*:?#1/&,1)KL):?#1*%/15*",1)'),1"Q1'"+)MR,"%'"6O U,3/&'('&,&6&,*1',")MV'"6&,'"O A,"&1/3'6,1&),",1+'=1*#$%67*")KL)WWW, MU'0%'"O d NTNU Fordypningsfag # Forskningsmetode

17 U.'61)$)fL.+*-+2)g <12f%>*g D)$2fL.+*g #$)31%%$(36$*$&$)+2$*3+*2')'1%%('&61%- I*/8'.$8(1()$*$%2$2')' #1*$8)$+0($*.'(H+%Z&>61%- "%)$*.H/&$2%988$6,$*(+%$* 7+8/($*)$-*/,,$1%)$*.H/ =3+*&$66(,9**$/%2$*(98$6($ Q'($()/21$ #$6)'8$%2$+0($*.'(H+% 7+*&$66(,9**$/%2$*(98$6($ Y'6-$)'.&$)+2$3+*2')'1%%('&61%-8*$.$*$%./*2$*1%-'.$-%$)L$)f.16 &$)+2$%&>6$2$)&'%.16&>6$g5)16-H$%-$61-L$),>)12+-*$((/*($*5('&)$%./*2$*1%-'.8162$%$f8'%8162$% $%(8'33$1%3+*&'(H+%$%g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`

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h1%218')+*$*h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a

19 >4 &/20'1E"*)*%/%$'+% >43 7=++)6#"1)11)*%/%$'+% I4--$,*+(H$8)$*$*'66)12/%18$5($6.+&&'%-$'.2$('&&$2$6,*+($(($%$+- )$8%1(8$69(%1%-$%$1%%->*1'66$BI4--$,*+(H$8)$*.'*1$*$*L+.$2('861-1(8'6'5 0>2$98+%+&1(8+-&$2)'%8$,>)12+-*$((/*($*BD)9**$6($%+-8+&,6$8(1)$)$% )1604--$,*+(H$8)$*$*2$)(+&+3)$()(8',$*,*+06$&$*B#$)$*(>&'%-$ 1%.+6.$*)$,'*)$*5+-(>&'%-$3+*(8H$661-$&>)$*>+*-'%1($*$21(($,>5')2$) 31%%$(3>()'%2'*21($*)$+*-'%1('(H+%(&+2$66$*B F*+($((8'*)(+&.1($*3'($*1$)04--$,*+(H$8).1($*(+&*$-$6$%,$%*$88$'. ($8.$%(1$66$3'($*52$*8*'.()166$(1,*+-*'&&$*1%-(3'($%+-2$(1-%3'($%8/% +,,3466$*8*'.$%$B".1*8$61-L$)$%0$()>*$)04--$,*+(H$8)'.$%1)$*')1.,*+($((5 [%86'((1(8&+2$66'.04--$,*+($(($%0$()>*'.21(($3'($%$N D81(($3'($ 7+*,*+(H$8) [()1&$*1%- F*+(H$8)$*1%- #$)'6H,*+(H$8)$*1%- U'68/6'(H+% F*+2/8(H+%(,6'%6$--1%- U+%)*'L$*1%- F*+2/8(H+% 7$*21-()166$6($ #*13) "2'-$*2$).'%61-')$%8$6)$3'($*+.$*6',,$*L.$*'%2*$BF*+2/8(H+%()'*)$* -H$*%$39*,*+(H$8)$*1%-$%$*L$6)3$*21-B#$(1-%$)$*18+%)1%/$*61-/).1861%-5 +-(>/%2$*,*+2/8(H+%B >4;,*9"#('1E"*19.=2%/%$'+% "$%()/21$3+*$)'))+&i"<06$2$)'.2$88$))+L+.$2,*+06$&$*&$2 1%3+*&'(H+%(0$L'%261%-104--$,*+($(($%N 7*'8/%2$%(,$*(,$8)1.f04--L$**$gN[%)*$,*$%9*$%-1*188$-+2%+8 0$(6/)%1%-(()9))$-H$%%+&,*+($(($%BS$(/6)')$)()$&&$*188$&$22$) +,,*1%%$61-$2$(1-%$)B 7*'$%)*$,*$%9*$%($-$),$*(,$8)1.N#>*61-1%3+*&'(H+%+-2>*61-()4*1%- '.1%3+*&'(H+%(364)5(,$(1$6)&$2)'%8$,>2$61%-+-1%)$-*$*1%-'. 1%3+*&'(H+%B fx'1)1%$%5raaeg >4;43 F0*$)*% :>*2$)-H$62$*8/%2$0$L'%261%-$*2$%()9*()$/)3+*2*1%-$%>(8'33$ 1%3+*&'(H+%(+&$*0*/80'*(+&-*/%%6'-3+*0$(6/)%1%-(()9))$BfX'1)1%$%5RAAeg c

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fX'1)1%$%5RAAegE%(.'*$)3+*8.'61)$)$%,>2$(1-%$)61--$*(+&*$-$6L+(,*+(H$8)$*1%-(6$2$*5+-8.'61)$)((18*1%-$%$* 2$*3+*+3)$0'($*)8/%,>,*+(H$8)$*1%-(6$2$*((4%(,/%8)+-(8H9%%B F*+(H$8)$*1%-$%0'($*$*($-,>*+&,*+-*'&&$)+-)1261-$'*81)$8))$-%1%-$*51 ()$2$)3+*8+%)1%/$*61-8+&&/%18'(H+%&$28/%2$%BJ'%8'%H+3+*()>') (6/)),*+2/8)$)'..18$*3*'8/%2$%(+,,*1%%$61-$3+*.$%)%1%-$*BfX'1)1%$%5RAAeg e

21 7+*86'*1%-)1671-/*? U/%2$%$*188$1()'%2)16>/))*488$(1%$3+*.$%)%1%-$*53+*&$6)$66$* &/%)61- #$(1-%$*$%)+68$*8/%2$%(8*'.,>$%'%%$%&>)$$%8/%2$%'%)'*B #$%)$8%1(8$69(%1%-$%(+&$*.'6-))163*$2(()166$*188$8*'.$%$B [%)*$,*$%9*$%)'*L$%(4%)16-H$%%+&39*1%-(,*+06$&$*1,6'%6$--1%-$%5 %+$(+&188$('&(.'*$*&$28/%2$%($66$*2$(1-%$*$%(L$%(18)B F*+2/8(H+%$%'..18$*3*',6'%$%$5,>-*/%%'.2>*61-8.'61)$)(8+%)*+66 +(.B I4--$)2*1.$(+-3+*.'6)$(188$1L$%L+62)161%()*/8(H+%$*Z7#Y 2+8/&$%)'(H+%B fx'1)1%$%5raaeg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fX'1)1%$%5RAAeg A

22 5,*2,'./-62-",&)'.*+,32-7+.) #$)$*188$8/%&'%-$63/662+8/&$%)$*1%-'.8/%2$%(8*'.(+&(8',$*,*+06$&$*B[%'%%$%-*/%%)162>*61-8.'61)$)61--$*1)160'8$&$621%-(3/%8(H+%$% L+(0>2$8/%2$%+-$%)*$,*$%9*B#$)31%%$(188$*/)1%$*3+*>0*/8$1%3+*&'(H+% 3*'*$3$*'%($,*+(H$8)$*5+-$*3'*1%-(2')'3*'0*/8$*%$+-/)04--$*$*(H$62$% )16-H$%-$61-1()'*)3'($%'.$)%4)),*+(H$8)BU+%($8.$%($%$'.2$))$$*')./*2$*1%-$*'.98+%+&1+-*$((/*(0*/85('&)61.((486/(./*2$*1%-$*0'($*$*($-,>0$-*$%($)8/%%(8',BfX'1)1%$%5RAAeg J'%-$6,>0$(6/)%1%-(()9))$13+*&'.$*3'*1%-(2')'-H$62$*+-(>3+* $%)*$,*$%9*$*(+&0'($*$*(1%2$(1-%,>$)($))&$2()'%2'*269(%1%-$*5(618 D8'%(8':+*-$+3)$-H9*BD618$()'%2'*21($*)$69(%1%-$*$*(+&*$-$60'($*),> ($6(8',$)(0$();,*'G)1($B:>*&'%39*()L'*86'*)>8'*)6$--$0$();,*'G)1($ 69(%1%-$%$.16&'%'%)'')$*3'*1%-(+.$*39*1%-$%1($6(8',$)$*-+2B#$))$$*188$ %92.$%21-.1()163$66$BD8'%(8'L'*1%-$%"6'$*/)1%$*,>>*$-1()*$*$$*3'*1%-$*5 +-1%3+*&'(H+%$%(+&6'-*$(061*2$*3+*%$()$%/0*/8$61-(+& 8&("%-4'./) "%3+*&'(H+%(/).$8(61%-12'-396-$*$%2+8/&$%)($%)*1(8&+2$6652$*,',1*; 2+8/&$%)$*$*.'%61-BE)&'%0'($*$*($-,>?#)$-%1%-$*5,>,',1*$66$*QE#; 3+*&')5*$(/6)$*$*1$%)*$-+-1%$33$8)1.,*+($((BfX'1)1%$%5RAAeg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fX'1)1%$%5RAAeg [)618$()+*),*+06$&$*')'66$,'*)$%$L'*3+*(8H$661-$0$L+.+-()166$* 3+*(8H$661-$8*'.)16)4,$1%3+*&'(H+%+-2$)'6H%1.>B"2'-+.$*($%2$(()+*$316$*+- 2+8/&$%)$*&$23+*&4$$66$*3+*61)$1%3+*&'(H+%5$66$*&$23$16)4,$ 1%3+*&'(H+%BfX'1)1%$%5RAAeg

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fX'1)1%$%5RAAeg [)'%%$),*+06$&$*')1%)$-*$*1%-$%&$66+&"<(4()$&$%$(+&0*/8$($*2>*61-B "%3+*&'(H+%3*'$%',,618'(H+%8'%+3)$188$+.$*39*$()16$%'%%$%BfX'1)1%$%5 RAAeg"<69(%1%-$*L'*-H+*)2$)&/61->,*+2/($*$)$-%1%-$*+-&+2$66$*&$2 L942$)'6H-*'25+--H9*+-(>L>%2)$*1%-$%'.316$*61))6$))$*$BX18$.$639*$*2$))16 &4$&'%/$6)'*0$12+-)','.1%3+*&'(H+%%>*'66$0*/8$*3+*(8H$661-$(4()$&$* +-',,618'(H+%$*BE*0$12$)&$2+&3+*$%)$3163+*&')$*L'*8+&&$)6'%-)2$(1()$ >*$%$5&$%2$)$*L+.$2('8$61-0'($*),>',,618'(H+%$* *&')$*(+& 0*/8$(1%)$*%)1L.$*3'($+-188$&$66+&3'($%$BJ4$'*0$12-H$%()>*2$*(+& &'%(8'68/%%$+.$*39*$316$*3*'2$)'6H,*+(H$8)$*1%-)168'68/6'(H+%/)$%)','. 1%3+*&'(H+%B *$(/6)')'.2>*61-1%)$*+,$*'0161)$)5$66$*$.%$)161%3+*&'(H+%(/).$8(61%-N C.$*36921-$2')'(4()$&$*51%$33$8)1.()4*1%-'.,*+(H$8),*+($(($%5 +.$*36921-$'%('))$)16"<;()9))$B RR

24 OH$%)'))&'%/$6)'*0$12&$2>6$--$1%%2')'50$L+.3+*()9))$)16 1%3+*&'(H+%(L>%2)$*1%- [8()*'8+()%'2$*3*'3+*(1%8$6($*$66$*292)121'*0$12(,*+($(($%$ U+()%'2$%$3+*0/%2$)&$22>*61-1%)$*+,$*'0161)$)1=DE.1($(171-/*d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f"%1)1'6O*',L1G([\GL'%-$D,$G131G')1+%g06$/).186$) "2'-$*2$)$)()+*+,,&$*8(+&L$)*/%2)"E"(1%1)1')1.&+)>/).186$$% 2')'&+2$664/)M,'GH36;(+&()9))$*$%1%3+*&'(H+%(*18*$,*$($%)'(H+%'. 04-%1%-$*5I"JB#$))$$*)160*/8-H$%%+&2$(1-%+-()4*1%-'.$),*+(H$8)+- 6$--$*('&)121-)16*$))$3+*1%3+*&'(H+%(/).$8(61%-&$66+&3'-BfJ1)GL$66'%2 1&,6$&$%)$*$(L+(()'21-36$*$0$2*13)$*104--$0*'%(H$%B H43 I"J()>*3+*)+3+*(8H$661-$0$-*$,$*N I4-%1%-(1%3+*&'(H+%(&+2$66P#$)(+&,*+2/($*$( I4-%1%-(1%3+*&'(H+%(&+2$66$*1%-PE*0$12(,*+($(($%$(+&1%%->*1,*+2/8(H+%$%'.$%&+2$66B #$)$*&'%-$(+&)$%8$*,>b#&+2$66$*%>*2$L9*$*0$-*$,$)I"JB Y1(/'61($*1%-'.8+%()*/8(H+%$*1b#$*2$*1&+)0'*$$%61)$%2$6'.2$)(+& 1%%->*1I"JB#$).18)1-()$&$2I"J$*%0"2(36'B20BJ+2$66$%0$()>*'.2FB#$(, &$2*0'#6D(B[)+0H$8)8'%3+*$8($&,$6.^*$$%29*5&$2$-$%(8',$*(+& 0*'%%86'(($5/;.$*215-$+&$)*1(8()9**$6($+-,6'(($*1%-53'*-$5&')$*1'6$*+(.B",*1%(1,,$)8'%&'%6$--$)16/$%2$61-&4$1%3+*&'(H+%(+&8'%L$%)$(/)1 $*N #1-1)'6 S+&61-fb#g J>60'*fU.'%)131($*0'*521&$%(H+%$*0'*5(,9*;0'*4Z+(Q;g 7+*()>$61-f#$(1-%&$%)3+*>+&3+*$%$+-8+&&/%1($*$504-%1%-(4)$6($5 -H$%%+&39*0'*L$)51%%$L+62$*($8.$%(1$66$+-98+%+&1(8$'(,$8)$*.$2 &$)+2$*+-*$((/*($*g <16-H$%-$61-f7+*L$6$04--;+-'%6$--(0*'%(H$%-H$%%+&$)1%)$*+,$*'016) +-1%)/1)1.)-*$%($(%1))g Y'*1-fI*/80'*-H$%%+&'66$3'($*1,*+(H$8)$*(61.((486/(g Rb

26 ",*'8(1(0$()>*I"J+2$66$*1%-'.)*$L+.$2$6$&$%)$*N X'-*1%-(3+*&') <$*&1%+6+-1 F*+($(( 7+*')1%3+*&'(H+%$%(8'68/%%$/).$8(6$(+-L'('&&$0$)42%1%-3+*'66$5&> &'%L'$)+&3+*$%)6'-*1%-(3+*&')5"7Q5+-2$)&>.^*$$%1-L$)+& )$*&1%+6+-1$%5"7#B84Q$*04-2+,,(+&$)*$3$*'%($01061+)$8+-$*+-(> )16-H$%-$61-,>1%)$*%$))NTTTB132;610*'*4B+*-B7+*')2$*18)1-$,$*(+%$%$3>* *18)1-1%3+*&'(H+%&>I"J8+06$()162$3+**$)%1%-(,*+($(($*(+&1%%->*1 cb H4;,J% "7Q()>*3+*"%2/()*47+/%2')1+%Q6'(($(+-$*$%2')'&+2$663+* 3163+*&')(+&(8'68/%%$6'-*$'661%3+*&'(H+%(+&$*%92.$%21-1$) 04--$,*+(H$8)B#$))$1%86/2$*$**$,*$($%)'(H+%'.2$34(1(8$ 04-%1%-(8+&,+%$%)$%$5&$2'66$)16L9*$%2$2')'51)166$--)16188$;34(1(8$$66$* "7Q&+2$66$%('*81)$8)/*$*04--$)+,,'.(8H$&')1(8$2')'&+2$66$*()*/8)/*$*) 131*$L+.$26'-50$(8*$.$),>%$()$(12$f($31-/*`g Rd

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fU$*%$6 DGL$&'g2$31%$*$*8H$*%$8+%($,)$*5(+&'8)9*5-*/,,$5,*+($((5,*+2/8)5 *$6'(H+%+(.BUH$*%$/).12$6($%$0$()>*'.8+%)*+665,*+2/8)+-,*+($((B 0.&",+A",26'4'&"&-42/):0.&",+A",26'4'&=)<2=",>?#$))$6'-$)1%%$L+62$*+0H$8)$* (+&2$6$('.36$*$3'-BM+.$2+0H$8)$*104-%1%-$*5(+&2$88$*5.$--$*5)'85 0H$68$*5(946$*+-)*',,$*)16L9*$*188$$)0$()$&)3'-5+-($))$(2'1hDL'*$2 I/1621%-[6$&$%)(hBF>('&&$&>)$L'*&'%hDL'*$2I/1621%-D$*.1G$( [6$&$%)(h(GL$&'(+&1%%$L+62$*$-$%(8',$*3+*6425..(21&$%(H+%$*1%-5 R`

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k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a

29 K4 #'-$%(8+%)*'L$*1%-L1%2*$*+3)$1%3+*&'(H+%(364)$%+-$33$8)1.0*/8'.I"J.$*8)94B[%)*'21(H+%$66+*-'%1('(H+%(&+2$661%.+6.$*$*8+%)*'8)$*&$66+& 04--L$**$5'*81)$8)+-)+)'6$%)*$,*$%9*B#1(($L+.$2'8)9*$%$L'*1-H$% 8+%)*'8)$*&$28+%(/6$%)$*5/%2$*$%)*$,*$%9*$*+-6$.$*'%29*$*B7+*>8/%%$ 1%)$-*$*$1%3+*&'(H+%+-0$%4))$($-'.I"J$*'.L$%-1-L$)(3+*L+62$%$5 166/()*$*)131-/*aB M$6)*/8%$61%H$*.1($*3+*L+62$%$(6182$$*1$%)*'21(H+%$66+*-'%1('(H+%5+- ()1,6$2$61%H$*.1($*L.+*2'%3+*L+62$%$&>.^*$2$*(+&&'%(8'62*'%4))$'. [%2*1%-'.2$%3+*&$66$+*-'%1('(H+%$%,>2$%%$&>)$%.16($6.('-)$%2*$ 8+%)*'8)(()*')$-1$*52'$1$*(8','.1%3+*&'(H+%$%&>2$6$(+-'%(.'*(3+*L *'%%$*6$2$(B#$))$21(8/)$*$(.12$*$18',1))$6eB Y$21&,6$&$%)$*1%-'.I"J.16&'%,*+2/($*$1%3+*&'(H+%'.0$2*$8.'61)$)+- 2$)'6H-*'2BI4--L$**$%(8*'..168/%%$2+8/&$%)$*$(0$2*$5+-)1261-$ '*81)$8)(81(($*.16-1$)0$2*$1%3+*&'(H+%(-*/%%6'-3+*.12$*$,*+(H$8)$*1%-B #$)$*.1()').$2>0*/8$b#,*+-*'&.'*$50*/8$*'*81)$8)$%$&$*)121 )1261-3'($%&$2>/)*$2$2$(1-%'6)$*%')1.$*5+-2$0*/8$*&1%2*$)12,>>,*+2/($*$'*0$12()$-%1%-$*B[%b#&+2$ $%0$2*$.1(/'61($*1%-'. "31-/*c($*&'%$%3+*$)*/88$)2$(1%-,*+($((BY$2>0*/8$&$*)12+-*$((/*($* Rc

30 ,*+(H$8)$)5+-&'%8'%2'-H9*$()9**$$%2*1%-$*)1261-$*$5)16$%6'.$*$8+()%'2B L+.$2,*+(H$8)Z'%0/2(3'($5-H$*%$&$28+()0'*1%%6$1$'.3+68,> 8+*))12(8+%)*'8)$*3+*>8+&&$1L'.%1&$2'.)'6)$6$.$*'%($*B RNJ/61-L$))16>,>.1*8$8+()%'2+-3/%8(H+%'61)$)?NU+()%'2$*(+&396-$'.2$(1-%$%2*1%-$* bn<*'21(h+%$662$(1-%,*+($(( dn7+*$)*/88$)2$(1-%,*+($(( F#NF*$;2$(1-%fD81(($2$(1-%g D#NDGL$&')1G#$(1-%f7+*$69,1-2$(1-%5*$'61($*1%-'.(81(($2$(1-%g ##N#$(1-%#$.$6+,&$%)f#$)'6H$*)2$(1-%g Q#NQ+%()*/G)1+%#$(1-%f#$)'6H$*)$,6'%$*3+*,*+2/8(H+%g FSNF*+G/*$&$%)fU+%)*'L$*1%-g QENQ+%()*/G)1+%E2&1%1()*')1+%fF*+2/8(H+%(+,,396-1%-g CFNC,$*')1+%f#*13)g J$2I"J.16*$((/*(0*/8$%1,*+(H$8)$*1%-(3'($%3+*(84.$(&+) )1261-3'($,*+(H$8)$*1%-53*'L+.$2,*+(H$8)$*1%-B#$%%$&+2$66$%8'%188$ 1&,6$&$%)$*$(12$36$()$)*'21(H+%$66$,*+(H$8),*+($(($*52')*'21(H+%$66$,*+($(($*188$6$--$*)16*$))$3+*)16()*$88$61-('&'*0$12B7+*')2$))$(8'6 3/%-$*$$33$8)1.)5+--1$%0$2*$2$(1-%)1261-$*$58*$.$*2$)&$*3+*,618)$6($3*' ('&)61-$1%.+6.$*)$,'*)$*BY$2-+2)('&'*0$12+-1%)$-*$*)2$(1-%3*' 0$-4%%$6($%'..16)+)'68+()%'2$%$1,*+(H$8)$)&1%1&$*$(.$2>L'3^**$ Re

31 71-/*e$*$%('&&$%618%1%-'.)+)*'21(H+%$66$&+2$66$*fE+-Ig+-$%&+2$66 &$298)('&'*0$12+-1%)$-*$*1%-12$(1-%3'($%fQg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b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aBbgB#$))$-H9*2$)&/61-> M.$*,*+($((52$6,*+($(($66$*+,,-'.$(+&12$%)131($*$($*8%4))$)+,,&+)8*'. 1%21.12/$6)1"#J$%BM.$*0$(8*1.$6($$*)+2$6)52$*39*()$2$6L$%.$%2$*($-)16 7+*0*/8$*$%$*1%3+*&'(H+%$%0$(8*$.$),>$%188$;)$8%1(8&>)$5-H$%%+& bt+,-(./&#&012#&3&.)%b_(618')&'%188$0$l9.$*>l'3+*8/%%(8',$*+&"7q (GL$&'B[)$\GL'%-$*$]/1*$&$%)$*$)($))&$21%3+*&'(H+%(+&&>/).$8(6$( &>)163+*>/)39*$$%+,,-'.$Z,*+($((+-L.168$%1%3+*&'(H+%(+&061*,*+2/($*)B 7+*L.$*)1%3+*&'(H+%($6$&$%)12$%)131($*)1$%[\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)$*2$) +-(>$%L$%.1(%1%-)16%+8$%[\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)$66$*$%7/%G)1+%'6F'*)B 41.,)2$.(56(#)%$*2$%)$8%1(8$0$(8*1.$6($%(+&L$%.$%2$*($-)16 ")166$--L'*&'%hI/(1%$((*/6$(h+-hY$*131G')1+%)$()(hBI/(1%$((*/6$($* 0$-*$%(%1%-$*(+&($))$(,>1%3+*&'(H+%0*/8)1$%0$()$&),*+($((B7+* $8($&,$61%)$*%'(H+%'6$()'%2'*2$*BI/(1%$((*/6$(0*/8$((618')&'%8'%3>$) '%%$)*$(/6)')'.>0*/8$$)(GL$&'/)$%>$%2*$2$)BY$*131G')1+%)$()($**$))+- (6$)))$()1%-'.,*+-*'&.'*$3+*>.$*131($*$%94'8)1-L$)$%'.,*+-*'&.'*$%(

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fOFFgB#1(($8'66$(*$3$*'%($,*+($(($*1"#JB[%+.$*(18)$*-1)) D)')(04--L'*2$31%$*)21(($,*+($(($%$.$2LH$6,'.()'%2'*21($*)$3'($*5 )1261-$*$0$(8*$.$)131-/*AB?b

36

37 Z#(D)B"&#28QE

38

39 U$55&#28QE

40 ?e

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f)4,1(83*''%2*$$\GL'%-$*$]/1*$&$%)( +-'%2*$1%3+*&'(H+%(8162$*g M'*0$()$&)+/),/)1%3+*&'(H+%f)4,1(8)16'%2*$$\GL'%-$*$]/1*$&$%)(g I*/8$**$((/*($* M'*$)'%)'66'8)1.1)$)$*(+&-H$%%+&39*$(5-H$*%$1$%.1((*$88$396-$ U'%,>.1*8$&$*$%%$%+*-'%1('(H+%($%L$) D8',$*.$*213+*8/%2$% ""#J.16,*+($((8'*)$%$($))$-*$%($%$3+*+&3'%-$)'.1%3+*&'(H+%1$%,*+($((5$)'06$*$'8)1.1)$)$*(+&1%%->*1$%,*+($((+-2$%6+-1(8$($8.$%($% 3+*/)39*$6($%5+-0$()$&&$*$3$*'%($,*+($(($*B M+.$2&>6$)&$2,*+($((8'*)$*>N "2$%)131($*$1L.168$,*+(H$8)3'($*'.04--$,*+($(($%2$)/).$8(6$( 1%3+*&'(H+%3+*0$()$&)$3+**$)%1%-(,*+($(($*B[%3+**$)%1%-(,*+($(( 8'%3+*$8($&,$6.^*$$%$*-1'%'64($$66$*,*+(H$8)$*1%-'.$6$8)*1(8 '%6$--B "2$%)131($*$'66$[\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)(3+*3+**$)%1%-(,*+($(($%B [\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)((+&188$$*'.L$%-1-$'."7Qf(+&()'%2'*2$*5 6+.$*+(.g.16(+&*$-$6.^*$1%,/))16,*+($(($%B "2$%)131($*$&>6$)&$23+**$)%1%-(,*+($(($%+-/%2$*;,*+($(($%$ "2$%)131($*$**$(/6)')$).$2/)39*$6($%'.,*+($(($%P+/),/) N4343 Q"2'1E"*% +,,'.0+8($*5,16$*+-*$-6$*B:>*21(($$*('))('&&$%1$)(4()$&5(8'62$)?A

42 %$2$%3+*5(+&$8($&,$6Bf:"D<5RAAbg 42/1#;G[T'%&3"&58QT4O^J(2)2.&._;SSV`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l$0 D$*.1G$(fIF[XdlDg5(+&0$-4%%$*>061$%()'%2'*2mJX0'($*))16%^*&1%-3+* :988$6+0H$8)$%$1$)"#JIFJ:21'-*'&$*N 5R%33%0*,D22C',&$2,'R%3C60', >G$%&%$%', K&0$', Y6$R6Q', M200G$%0*,2FBG$', S6$6,2FBG$',

43 N434; O29"#(/*+%'?%$"80()*2'1E"*% [),*+($((8'*)0$()>*188$8/%'.IFJ:21'-*'&&$*52'21(($+-(>&> 2+8/&$%)$*$(B[)"#J,*+($((8'*)L'*396-$%2$2$6$*N M&(7&#["%%$L+62$*'2&1%1()*')1.1%3+*&'(H+%+&,*+($((8'*)$)+- 12$%)13(1($*$*L.168$[\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)((+&)163*$2(()166$*8*'.$%$)16,*+($(($%B[%L$'2$*1%86/2$*$*%'.%5"2$%)131$*f$%/%1812$%)1318')+*g5QL'%-$ X+-+-[\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)(B <D&#D2&aNC.$*(18)(2$6$%1%%$L+62$*$%188$;)$8%1(80$(8*1.$6($'.2$% +.$*+*2%$2$,*+($(($%1,*+($((8'*)$)BI162$*8'%0*/8$(3+*>166/()*$*$$%8$6)$,/%8)$*1+.$*(18)$%B 79*()$2$6'.+.$*(18)$%0*/8$((+&h$8()*'8)h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a(B%NM.$*Q++*21%')1+%F+1%) O')$T'4-1($%8+*)0$(8*1.$6($'.%'.%+-L$%(18)B N434> N434>43 &S/((/*+%6"".1%"+%1S/(.'*)1% #1(($(8166$*/)2$1%.+6.$*)$,'*)$%$BE8)1.1)$)$%$3+*L.$*,'*)$*.1()1$% 31*8'%)$)0$L+62$*(+&8'66$($%5R%33%0*,D22CBF++6$%8'%.1($(L+*1(+%)'6) $66$*.$*)18'6)1$)8'*)5+-L.$*L'*$)%'.%(+&12$%)131($*$*L.168$%,'*)2$% E8)1.1)$)$*8'%+*-'%1($*$(3+*(8H$661-3+*L.$*'.2$1%.+6.$*)$,'*)$%$B[%&>)$ >+*-'%1($*$'8)1.1)$)$*,>$*$))$*'.2$61%-$*B#$))$8'%-H9*$(.$2>2$6$,++6$% br

44 N434>4; TU2/?/2/)1% EG)1.1)45$66$*'8)1.1)$)5$*$)-$%$*$6)%'.%,>'66$'*0$12(+,,-'.$*(+&8'% ($))$(1%%1$),*+($((8'*)B[%'8)1.1)$)$*(+&*$-$6.1()13+*&'.$)*$8)'%-$6 &$2'.*/%2$2$LH9*%$*BE8)1.1)$)$%$%'.%6$--$(.$239*()>0$(8*1.$L.'(+& (8'6-H9*$(+-2$*$))$*+0H$8)$)(+&'8)1.1)$)$%(8'6/)39*$(,>$66$*3+*5'6)(> h'g)1+%n+0h$g)hb7+*$8($&,$6n#1&$%(h+%$*$i^*$(4()$&be8)1.1)$)$* 12$%)131($*$(.'%61-.1(+-(>,>$%'%%$%&>)$53+*$8($&,$6.$2LH$6,'.$) E8)1.1)$)$*8'%2$6$(1%%1)+)4,$*5 $%)$%6$23%G$66$*G23D2+01B[%')+&1G '8)1.1)$)8'%188$0*4)$(%$21&1%2*$ '8)1.1)$)$*5&$%($%G+&,+/%2'8)1.1)$) 8'%0*4)$(%$2136$*$'8)1.1)$)$*5L$6) %$2)16$)(1()$%1.>(+&2'.160$()>'. ')+&1G'8)1.1)$)$*BE)$%'8)1.1)$)$* G+&,+/%21%218$*$(.$2$),6/((;)$-%B #$36$()$'8)1.1)$)$*.16L'$% )160'8$&$621%-(6988$5$66$*h3$$20'G8 6++,h5(+&-H9*2$)&/61-3+*+/),/) 1%3+*&'(H+%$%>8+**1-$*$(B VL'&'%-$(618$6++,(18'*)$).16-1$) *+)$)$1%%)*488BJ$%5&4$'. )160'8$&$621%-$%$31%%$*()$21($6.$ '8)1.1)$)$%5'6)(>h($633$$20'G8hB[%(618 42/1#;I[X')2D2)&)&#_X)$32,$/N$3"$1.7 b?

45 N434>4> G?)*21% [.$%)($*L$%2$6($*1,*+($(($%B[.$%)(,>.1*8$*,*+($((364)$%+-L'*(+&*$-$6 $%/)69($*f>*('8g+-$%1%%.1*8%1%-f*$(/6)')gB #$)31%%$()*$3+*(8H$661-$)4,$*N RB D)'*)[.$%)(PD8H$*10$-4%%$6($%'.$%,*+($((?B "%)$*&$21')$[.$%)(PD8H$*169,$)'.$%,*+($(( bb [%2[.$%)(PD8H$*1(6/))$%'.5$66$*'.(6/))$*5$%,*+($(( #$)31%%$(36$*$)4,$*/)69($%2$L$%2$6($*5$66$*[\)$%21%-[.$%)(B"%)$*%$ &'*89*$*1L$%2$6($%$1%218$*$*L.168$%)4,$/)69($*5$66$*h)*1--$*hL$%2$6($% bb

46 N434>4H A'2)S'=1% O')$T'4($*,/%8)$*2$*($8.$%($*5d5Z+0G,)C2R'd721.$*-$*$*$66$* 8+%.$*-$*$*5'6)(>,/%8)$*2$*0$(6/)%1%-$*)'(BO')$T'4(1%218$*$(.$2$) 21'&'%)3+*&$)(4&0+6B"%)$*%$&'*89*$*1%218$*$*3+*(8H$661-$)4,$*'23$*2 4dFH6&%2(,G20$(2C'd;1-')$T'4(B#1(($166/()*$*$(131-/*??5h[\)$%21%- bd

47 J'%L'*+-(>Q++*21%')1+%-')$T'4(5(+&$*,/%8)$*2$*1%3+*&'(H+%3*'36$*$ [\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)(($))$(('&&$%3+*/%2$*(98$6($50$)*'8)%1%-$66$* N434>4K J"**)U2/*+%"<E)U21% Q+%%$G)1%-+0H$G)(8%4))$*('&&$%+0H$8)$*18'*)$)B#$0$()>*'.3+*(8H$661-$ )4,$*,16$*+-61%H$*B E8)1.1)$)$*8%4))$(('&&$%.$2LH$6,'.,16$*B 5Z+0G,>((2R.[%L$6)*/88$%,16(+&8%4))$*('&&$%'8)1.1)$)$*1 ('&&$(T1&&1%-,++6$66$*(T1&6'%$B O''6*,>((2R.[%()1,6$),16(+&0*/8$()16>+.$*39*$1%3+*&'(H+% &$66+&'8)1.1)$)$*13+*(8H$661-$(T1&&1%-,++6($66$*(T1&6'%$(B b`

48 M201%$%206C,5Z+0G,)C2R.[%D$]/$%G$76+T&$23+*0$L+62(+& $.'6/$*$(.$2+,,()'*)3+*>0$()$&&$+&($8.$%($%(8'6-H$%%+&39*$(B S"6+C$,5Z+0G,)C2R.D$))$*$%D$]/$%$76+T(+&()'%2'*2.$2$% -')$T'4(+&21.$*-$*$*B >''2G%6$%20.U%4))$*1%3+*&'(H+%)16+0H$8)$*1$%D$]/$%G$76+TB N434>4L M'2'%"<E)U21% #')'+0H$G)(2$31%$*$*1%3+*&'(H+%$%(+&(8'6/).$8(6$(&$66+&'8)1.1)$)$*5 '6)(>L.'(+&(8'6/)39*$(1$%'8)1.1)$)+-L.'$%'8)1.1)$),*+2/($*$*B#')' +0H$G)($*8%4))$))16D$]/$%G$76+T(1,*+($((8'*)$)5.'%61-.1(.$2LH$6,'.$% +0H$G)(B ba

49 N434>4N T*$#)%1=(<".)#% >002$6$%20'.O1*/)3466$%2$1%3+*&'(H+%)166$($*$%'.$)IFJ:21'-*'&B Y(2+D.[%-*/,,$*1%-'.'8)1.1)$)$*(+&188$,>.1*8$*D$]/$%G$76+TB N434>4V [%8$6)$'.)$8%188$%$1IFJ:0*/8$(,>(,$(1$66$&>)$*%>*&'%6'-$*$%"#J5 +-0$-*$%($*/).1861%-$%'.8'*)$))16$%.1((-*'2B M.$*),*+($((8'*)L'*8/%k%5R%33%0*,D22C<:'.%$),>,++6$% 12$%)131($*$*8'*)$)B E8)1.1)$)$%$3+*L.$*1%.+6.$*)$,'*).1($(1($,'*')$'R%3C60'<D$6.$ 1%3+*&'(H+%(&+2$66$%5h"%3+*&')1+%J+2$66h5.1($(+-(>1$%$-$% (T1&6'%$5+-L'*$%$-$%*+66$18'*)$)B KUGH60*,(Z+%(30$'$*'66)12166/()*$*)(+&16$6,2FBG$'1 1%3+*&'(H+%(&+2$66$%((T1&6'%$B [)$8($&,$6,>,*+($((8'*)&$2IFJ:%+)'(H+%$*.1(),>%$()$(12$ bc

50 % be

51 N4; GXU-'*+)%Y)Z0/#)()*21% [\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)(5$66$*/).$8(61%-(8*'.50$(8*1.$*L.168$%1%3+*&'(H+% (+&8*$.$(3+*>/)39*$$%L'%261%-1$),*+($((8'*)$66$*1%3+*&'(H+%$%(+& 0/*2$061,*+2/($*)-H$%%+&/)39*$6($%B[\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)($*$%8$6) 3+*86'*)8+%)*'8)$%(+&0$(8*1.$*1%3+*&'(H+%(/).$8(61%-$%&$66+&2$ M+.$2&>6$%$&$2[\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)($*N V0$(8*1.$1%3+*&'(H+%$%(+&8*$.$(3+*')$%,*+($((8'%0$-4%%$B "%,/)1%3+*&'(H+%fL.168$%1%3+*&'(H+%3*'L.$&ZL.'g8'%.^*$ *$(/6)')$)3*'$%'%%$%,*+($((B V0$(8*1.$1%3+*&'(H+%$%(+&&>39*$(3*'$%,*+($((3+*')%$()$,*+($((8'%0$-4%%$B V12$%)131($*$2$1%.+6.$*)$,'*)$%$(+&($%2$*+-&+))'*1%3+*&'(H+%1,*+($(($%$))$**+66$B V0$(8*1.$%>*1%3+*&'(H+%(/).$8(61%-&>(8H$B V0$(8*1.$$%)'0$66+.$*1%3+*&'(H+%($%L$)$*(+&0$L9.$(3+*>&9)$ 8*'.$%$f'%2*$[\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)(+-7/%G)1+%'6F'*)(g V2$31%$*$+&0*/8'.1%3+*&'(H+%($%L$)$%$*+061-')+*1(8$66$*.'6-3*1)) 3+*2$%'8)/$66$$\GL'%-$*$]/1*$&$%)B V(,$(131($*$L.168$%3/%G)1+%'6,'*)(+&)163*$2(()166$* 1%3+*&'(H+%($%L$)$%B [%[\L'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)$*.'%61-.1(/%181$%,*+(H$8)3'($B#$)$*2$*1&+).'%61-'),*+($(($*L'*$%(4861(8($8.$%(&$66+&,*+(H$8)3'($*B#$)$*10/%%+- -*/%%2$)'6H-*'2$%(+&$%2*$(3*'3'($)163'($5+-1%3+*&'(H+%$%061*&$* (,$(13188B[\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)(+-F*+($((8'*)$%$$*'.L$%-1-$'.L.$*'%2*$B #$*3+*$*2$).$($%)61-')2$8++*21%$*$(3+*>()9))$L$6$,*+(H$8)$),>$%-+2 N4;43 R%.'+)%GXU-'*+)%Y)Z0/#)()*21% [%3+*/)($)%1%-3+*>6'-$[\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)($*')&'%'66$*$2$L'* I$()$&)3'($* I$(8*$.$)+.$*(18) #$31%$*)L'%261%-$* 7+*L.$*L'%261%-&> M'%261%-$%0$(8*1.$( [-$%(8',$*(,$(131($*$( U*'.)4,$*3+*2')'$%$0$()$&&$( :92.$%21-$.$*21$*0$()$&&$( 7/%G)1+%'6F'*)(12$%)131($*$( M'%261%-$*/)39*$(3+*>0$()$&&$.$*21$%'.2')'f1%3+*&'(H+%($%L$)g$66$*3+* >$%2*$$%$8(1()$*$%2$.$*21B ba

52 [%[\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)0$(8*1.$**+66$%$)16,'*)$%$(+&/)39*$*$%L'%261%-5,'*)$%$(+&(8'33$*1%,/);1%3+*&'(H+%+-2$(+&3>*/)04))$'.+/),/); 1%3+*&'(H+%B[\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)(L'*%'.%(+&0$(8*1.$*L$%(18)53+* $8($&,$6h$\GL'%-$o0/1621%-o&+2$6h+-$*2$31%$*)'.3'-$8(,$*)$*B 76$*$*$(/6)')$*8'%8+&&$'.$%[\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)BS$(/6)')$%$8'% 86'((131($*$($))$*)4,$53+*$8($&,$6321CC7,12#+30$7,UGH60*,(Z+%(30$7, 'D'%"%#6'B207,+(.BS$(/6)')$%$12$%)131($*$*N "%3+*&'(H+%$%(+&061*-1)) C&2$%$*+061-')+*1(8$66$*.'6-3*1>0*/8$ J+))'8$*$$))$**+66$ "2$%)1318')+*f3+*$8($&,$6'DG%"%G6$%20,("(0Gg [\GL'%-$S$]/1*$&$%)(0$()>*'.396-$%2$2$6$*N M&(7&#["%%$L+62$*'2&1%1()*')1.1%3+*&'(H+%(+&%'.%5$%/%181%2$%)1318')+*5 QL'%-$X+-+-L.168$,*+(H$8)3'($*2$%0*/8$(1B <D&#D2&a[I$(8*1.$*L$%(18)$%&$2[S+-1%%L+62,>$%188$;)$8%1(8&>)$B C.$*.1$T(8'68/%%$3+*()>('.$%0*/8$*(+&&>.1)$L.'$%[\GL'%-$ S$]/1*$&$%)(8'6+,,%>5&$%188$%92.$%21-.1()*$%-$*>.1)$H&2(1602$)(8'6 +,,%>(B"66/()*'(H+%$*8'%0*/8$(3+*>0$64($$%8$6)$,/%8)$*1+.$*(18)$%B Y&'.2%'A&%'#2D&5%&[#$%%$2$6$%0$()>*'.$%)'0$66&$21%3+*&'(H+%($%L$)$* %92.$%21-$3+*>)163*$2()166$[Sf3+*$8($&,$6D(2BG$7,R6CC7,R%012R+(.gB I$(8*1.$6($%$*)$8%1(8,>2$%&>)$%')2$%-1*2$%%92.$%21-$1%3+*&'(H+%$% 3+*>/)39*$)$8%1(8$+,,-'.$*1$),*+(H$8)5&$%188$,>2$%&>)$%')2$%-1* 1%3+*&'(H+%&$22$)'6H-*'2$%(+&,*+-*'&.'*$.166$8*$.2B #$%39*()$1%3+*&'(H+%($%L$)$%(+&0$(8*1.$($*($))$)&$2D(G201%$%20'3+* 2$)'8)/$66$$\GL'%-$*$]/1*$&$%)B[%D(G201%$%20$*$%L'%261%-f13+*&'.$% $\GL'%-$*$]/1*$&$%)g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

53 N4> 0*U2/"*'.%P'#21% 7/%G)1+%'6F'*)($*2$%&$())$8%1(8$01)$%'."#J&$) $%B[\GL'%-$ S$]/1*$&$%)(0$(8*1.$*1%3+*&'(H+%$%,>.'%61-(,*>85+-7/%G)1+%'6F'*)( 0*/8$(2')16>3+*&126$'66$2$)$8%1(8$2$)'6H$%$13+*01%2$6($&$2 1%3+*&'(H+%(/).$8(61%-B [%7/%G)1+%'6F'*)3+8/($*$*,>2$1%21.12/$66$+,,'.$%$(+&/)39*$(1$%,*+($((B[%+,,-'.$0*/8$*$%0$()$&)1%3+*&'(H+%($%L$)3*'$%[\GL'%-$ S$]/1*$&$%)B[)$8($&,$6$*.1()131-/*?`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f,*+,$*)1$(*$]/1*$2g dr

54 I$(8*1.$*'))*10/))$%$(.$*215(+&8'%($))$($66$*0$-*$%($(3+*>&9)$ 0$()$&)$0$L+.B [%7/%G)1+%'6F'*)0$()>*'.396-$%2$2$6$*N M&(7&#["%%$L+62$*'2&1%1()*')1.1%3+*&'(H+%+&7/%G)1+%'6F'*)B#$))$ 1%86/2$*$*%'.%5"7QS$6$'($fL.168$%.$*(H+%'."7Q3+*&')$)7F$* *g5 "2$%)131$*f$%/%1812$%)1318')+*g+-QL'%-$X+- <D&#D2&a[I$(8*1.$*7F(L$%(18)+-1%%L+62,>$%188$;)$8%1(8&>)$B U&%15)%[U+*)0$(8*1.$6($'.*$(/6)')$)$%7F-1* Y&,-.2,(5%&,)2$.[#$%)$8%1(8$2$6$%-1*$%2$)'6H$*)%$20*4)%1%-'. 1%3+*&'(H+%$%-1))'.7FB#$%0$(8*1.$*2$%92.$%21-$"7Q$%)1)$)$%$+-,*+,$*)4($)(('&&$%&$2')*10/))$%$+-$-$%(8',$%$(+&(8'60*/8$(B "%3+*&'(H+%$%$*-1))1)'0$663+*&5&$20$(8*1.$6($5(,$(131($*1%-'.$%)1)$)$*+(.5 +-8*'.)4,$f($8',1))$6a3+*8*'.)4,$*g J2%)%[#$%%$2$6$%1%%$L+62$*$%('&&$%('))61()$&$22$3+*(8H$661-$"7Q 8+&,+%$%)$%$(+&0*/8$(B [%)1)$)$*NU6'(($%$'.1%)$*$(($12$%'8)/$66$7/%G)1+%'6F'*) #')')4,$*N:'.%-1))$2')')4,$*(+&8'%0*/8$(17/%G)1+%'6F'*)5(+& o "7Q6'0$65)$8()0$(8*1.$6($*512$%)1318')+*$* o :/&$*$*)$/).'6-'.&/61-$.$*21$* o E6)$*%')1.$.'6-'..$1-H$%%+&DGL$&' 7/%G)1+%NS$-6$*(+&8'%0*/8$()16>.'612$*$2')' F*+,$*)4D$)(N#$,*+,$*)4($)((+&$*$6$.'%)$3+*2$%'8)/$66$ 7/%G)1+%'6F'*) 7/%G)1+%'6F'*)(NE%2*$7F(+&0*/8$(12$%'8)/$66$7F F*+,+(1)1+%(NS$-6$*+-3/%8(H+%$*(+&0*/8$(12$%'8)/$66$7F51)166$-- )162$(+&$*$%2$6'.2$)8+&,6$))$"7Q(GL$&'B 9,-&3(NO1*$%3+*&$660$(8*1.$6($'.L.168$2$6$*'."7Q(GL$&'(+&0*/8$(B #$%%$2$6$%$*(,$(1318)*$))$)&+)6$.$*'%29*$*'.I"JZ"7Q69(%1%-$*5+-188$ &+)0*/8$*$%B T+(3"5&[#$%%$2$6$%1%%$L+62$*0$()$&)$$8($&,6$*(+&.1($*L.+*2'%2$% '8)/$66$7/%G)1+%'6F'*)8'%0*/8$(B#$)$*%4))1->-1&$*2$)'6H$*).$16$2%1%-5 +-$8($&,6$%$8'%0*/8$(3+*>)$()$+&1&,6$&$%)$*)$69(%1%-$*-1*8+**$8)$ *$(/6)')$*B fl1\5?@@c'g d?

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k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a+-?c($*,>)*$3+*(8H$661-$&+2$66$*3+* 1%3+*&'(H+%(+.$*39*1%-.$2LH$6,'.21-1)'6$.$*8)94B db

56 dd

57 d`

58 J+2$66$%$0$(8*$.$)1)'0$66$%$8'%0$()('&&$%61-%$(&$23+*(8H$66$%&$66+& 316;0'($*)$*$-%$'*8f(+&[\G$6;316$*g5316;0'($*)$2')'0'($*f(+&EGG$((g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h6$(2$))$h$66$*h(8*1.2$))$h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h'2L+Gh (,9**1%-$* S$.1(H+%(8+%)*+66 <*'%('8(H+%(0$L'%261%- O(*%0*5D'&&$%394%1%-'.2$6&+2$66$*51%)$-*$*1%-'.3'-5 ('&&$%394%1%-'.&+2$66+-+,,2')$*1%-$* M94L'()1-L$)54)$6($51%)$-*1)$) U+%)*+66f796-$*0*/8$**+66$*50$(6/)%1%-$*+-*$.1(H+%Z/)-'.$g I$(84))$6($'.2')'f0'G8/,g X+--39*1%-'.&+2$66+,,2')$*1%- X'-*1%- da

59 J/61-$3+*2$6$*>L$%)$/)'.I"J($*.$*N 76$8(10$6()4*1%-'.36$*$3'- <$))$*$8+061%-&$66+&3'-;+-',,618'(H+%(2')' U'%6$))+,,(8'6$*$()160*/83+*()+*$,*+(H$8)$* I*$2+-)16()*$88$61-()9))$)16,*+(H$8)$*1%-'.8+%()*/8(H+%()$8%1(8$ 69(%1%-$*+-()9))$3/%8(H+%$*3+*.1*8$61-$,*+(H$8)$* D)9))$-H$%%+&L$6$61.((486/($% D4()$&3+*$1$*(8',+-(188$*L$) [)L.$*)/).'6-'.2')'&'%)*$%-$* D)4*1%-(3/%8(H+%$*3+*6'%-$)*'%('8(H+%$*+-8+%)*+66+,,-'.$* dc

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p #$*(+&'66$1%.+6.$*)$,'*)$*$1$*(1%$-$%2$6'.I"J$%5L.$&(8'62'0$)'6$3+* +,,0$.'*1%-'.2$%%$p[)'%%$)(,9*(&>6$*+&&'%$*,618)1-)16>+-(> h+,,0$.'*$h,*+-*'&.'*$%(+&0*/8$(b#$))$8'%+.$*36$*$>*061(.^*)24*)b [1$*(8',$*188$2$)$%$()$3+*L+62$)(+&&>./*2$*$(B:4$8+%)*'8)(3+*&$*3+*,*+(H$8)$*1%-+-/)39*$6($&>+-(>/).186$(B#$*(+&0*/8'."#J+-I"J($*.$* 061*8+%)*'8)(3$()$)&>&'%($,>%4$'*0$12(3+*&$*+-,*+($(($*BU+%)*'8)$* &>-H$%(,$16$2$%%^*&$*$('&L'%261%-$%&$66+&,'*)$%$(+&0*/8'.I"J ($*.$*+-"#J.1639*$)16BC-(>,*+($24*$*.$2,*+2/8(H+%+-/)39*$6($&>./*2$*$(,>%4))5&$2)'%8$,>'*0$12(+*2*$+-$%2*1%-$*BD8'6&'%3+*)(')) 0'($*$($-,>'*0$12()$-%1%-$*5$66$*(8'636$*$3>)16-'%-)16&+2$66$%pM.+*2'% (8'6$%2*1%-$**$-1()*$*$(p :>*'661%3+*&'(H+%$*2$6),>$%I"J($*.$*.162$)3>*$))(61-$1&,618'(H+%$*3+* '%(.'*(;+-*1(18+3+*2$61%-$BD'&) &'%8'%(8H$L'()*$%-$*$ '8)(+&L$)(8*'.%>*,*+(H$8)2$6)'8$*%$3>*0$2*$1%%(18)1,*+($(($%+-0$2*$ +,,-'.$3+*()>$6($B de

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fJDJgB <16-'%-)16&+2$66($*.$*$%8+%)*+66$*$(.$2 0*/8$*%'.%+-,'((+*2B[%8$6)$0*/8$*$8'%L' 0$-*$%($2$*$))1-L$)$*)163+*$8($&,$6+,,2')$*1%-(+,,-'.$*BOH$%%+&2$%%$ 3/%8(H+%'61)$)$%$*2$)+-(>&/61->3+*(1%8$)16-'%-$%)16&+2$66$*3+*$%8$6)$ 0*/8$*$B #$6'.C2*%0,*+($24*$%$*>.$6-$) %-(&$)+2$5<QF$66$*L)),5+-.'6-'. 2')'0'%8f(D2'%$2(Qg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da

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c0%Z+,/10$%"%( fo="#gl>%2)$*$(*18)1-b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bb S$.1(H+%(L>%2)$*1%- db "%)$-*$*1%-'.3'-&+2$66$* `B =);+-1%%(H$881%-+-&$*-1%- :>*&'%6'()$*+,,$%"7Q&+2$666$--$(2$%%$1$%.'6-)2')'0'%85+-"7Q ()*/8)/*$%+-+0H$8)$*.1($(1JDJBY$2%$26'()1%-6'-*$(316$%21*$8)$,>21(85+- 1&,+*)$*$(2$*$))$*)16$)&+2$66$*1%-(.$*8)94$66$*$%"7Q.1$T$*B:>*$)+0H$8) $*&'*8$*)53+*$8($&,$6/)M,F+%C1%0*7,/)M,'$2(Q$66$*/)M,L+%C1%0*,KC30$58'% +0H$8)$%$.1($(21*$8)$1CG)'-'J+2$66$*"7QY1$T$*BJ'%0*/8$*&$%4$%+-.$6-$*e(#$^Q+-2$*$))$*[G$6*6,e%R(B J+2$66$*8'%$%2*$(1+-2$*$))$*$8(,+*)$*$(3*'&+2$66$*1%-(.$*8)9453+* $8($&,$6E*GL1QE#B:>*$%$%2*$)&+2$666'()$(+,,,>($*.$*$%.162$%6'-*$( 2$*(+&$%%4.$*(H+%B#$))$$*1%218$*).$2')%'.%$),>&+2$66$%)166$--$($).$*(H+%(%/&&$*5ho.Rh$66$*ho.?h+(.B ")$()$%06$2$)/)39*)$%2*1%-$*,>&+2$66$%1E*GL1QE#2$*2$)06$6'-))16"7Q +0H$8)$*8%4))$))16.$%)16'(H+%3*'2$%($,'*')$YYD&+2$66$%B#$))$.'*3+*> )$()$1%)$-*$*1%-$%&$66+&3'-5+-3+*>($L.+*()+*$2$6$*'."7Q(GL$&'(+& 8/%%$L>%2)$*$('.($*.$*$%BC,,6'()1%-+-6'-*1%-,>($*.$*$%(+&%4.$*(H+% -1880*'B:+$%3>,*+06$&$*+,,()+5(+&')2$)188$06$6'-$)L/661.$--$%$)16 *9*5&$%(+&%$.%))1261-$*$$*2$)/*$'61()1(8>3+*.$%)$3/661%)$*+,$*'0161)$) 8/%-H$%%+&"7QB

63 QL$G8;+/)+-QL$G8;1%3/%8(H+%$%$06$)$()$).$2>(H$88$/))+(946$*5$%0H$68$5 )+.$--$*+-$)2$88$B[%01)'.)*'G$;316$%3*'($*.$*$%.1($*2'396-$%2$N (G,%0'$60G',f.,N, #$%%$)*'G$;316$%1&,+*)$*$()16E*GL1QE#('&&$%&$22$6&+2$66$%B[))$* $%2*1%-'.+0H$8)$%$+-$8(,+*)3*'E*GL1QE#6'()$(316$%+,,)16($*.$*$%1-H$% -H$%%+&$%GL$G8;1%)16('&&$&+2$66(+&06$(H$88$)/)BC0H$8)$%$3*' 2$6&+2$66$%$*()'))$*2$)16(.'*$%2$+0H$8)$%$,>&+2$66($*.$*$%5+-&'%($* 2$*&$2')&$*-1%-;3/%8(H+%$%-H9*$%8+**$8)('&&$%394%1%-'.2$%-'&6$+- "88$'66$2$.18)1-()$3/%8(H+%$%$.$2$%I"J($*.$*06$)$()$)5&$%$% 3/%-$*$%2$&$*-1%-;3/%8(H+%$*$%-+21%218'(H+%,>')[#J($*.$*$*$%-+2) /).186$)I"J($*.$*69(%1%-B `R

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f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`?

65 `b

66 `d

67 ]4 [%I"J'.$%$%8$604-%1%-,>"7Q3+*&')0$%4))$(1$)$%8$6)3+*(983+*>($,> L.+*2'%<:C(+,$%;(+/*G$I"J($*.$*3/%-$*$*B D+&%$.%)$*2$)24*)>,>8+()$($-0*/8'.$%I"J($*.$*B#$*3+*$*2$) 1%)$*$(('%)>)$()$+&$%-*')1(+,$%;(+/*G$I"J($*.$*3/%-$*$*618$-+2)(+& $%8+&&$*(1$66($*.$*;69(%1%-B E$7&55&. "7Q&+2$66$%0$%4))$)13+*(98$)$*'.$%$%8$6)+;$)'(H$(04-%1%-B"&+2$66$%$* 188$2$)$8%1(8$3'-&+2$66$%fYYD+-[6g1%86/2$*)BJ+2$66$%$*$%)$()&+2$66 /)6>%)'.D8'%(8':+*-$+-$*51396-$1%3+*&'(H+%6'-*$)1"7Q316$%5&+2$66$*)1 E*GL1QE#RR'.</*1M$1$*''(B 42/1#CO[E$7&55&.A#1')2>$#%K'&) =2E%&#D&# I61*0$(8*$.$)18',1))$6eBbB? ``

68 ]43 7)18#/?).1)%'?%9"#1D8)2% 7+*(98$)06$2$6)1%%1`()$-5$))$*2$)(+&06$./*2$*)(+&2$.18)1-()$ 3/%8(H+%'61)$)$%$.$2$%I"J($*.$*B#$)06$($)),>L.+*2'%<:C(+,$%;(+/*G$ I"J($*.$*3/%-$*$*&$2L$%(4%,>N I*/8$**$))1-L$)$*$))$*,*+(H$8)*+66$* "%3+*&'(H+%(/).$8(61%-;X'()$+,,316$*+-L$%)$%$2316$* f0*/8$*-*$%($(%1))g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`a

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bRB 42/1#C;[9&#D&#&.%A#1'&#& #$)$*.$*2)>&$*8$')%>*0*/8$*Rf8')*1%+,g6')160*/8$*?f)L+&'(0'g $0*/8$*?%+$.'6-+&>)'88$H'$66$*%$150*/8$*$%31880'*$'/)+&')1(8 )16-'%-)16,*+(H$8)$)B#$))$$*188$$%-+2)1%-1$)3'8)1(8,*+(H$8)52'&'%-H$*%$.16L'*$%8+%)*+66,>L.168$,*+(H$8)$*&'%$*8+06$)+,,&+)B#$)$*+-(>$%0*' 8+%)*+66,>')2$)188$$*061))-1))$%1%.1)'(H+%.$23$16B#$).18)1->&1%%$+&') 2$%%$.$*(H+%$%'.($*.$*$%$*$%)1261-.$*(H+%5+-2$)$*%')/*61->'%)'') 2$%%$3/%8(H+%'61)$)$%.168+&&$13*$&)121-$.$*(H+%$*B "7Q&+2$66$%'.04-%1%-$%06$6'()$)+,,)16($*.$*$%.$2LH$6,'.2$)T$0; 0'($*)$0*/8$*-*$%($(%1))$)5(+&.1()131-/*b?BI$--$0*/8$*$8/%%$6'()$%$2 316$%+--H9*$$%2*1%-$*B `c

70 =%2$*3'%$%hS$.1(1+%(h10*/8$*-*$%($(%1))$)31%%$*&'%+.$*(18)+.$* *$.1(H+%$*'.&+2$66$*1,*+(H$8)$)B"31-/*bb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`e

71 "3+*(98$)06$2$)0$%4))$)$)-*')1(+,$%;(+/*G$"7Q;,*+-*'&8'6)"7Q0*+T($*B #$))$,*+-*'&&$)$*/)168$)'.<:C(+&+-(>/).186$*I"J($*.$*BF*+-*'&&$) 6$($*"7Q316$*+-.1($*,'*'&$)*1(81%3+*&'(H+%+&+0H$8)$%$1&+2$66$% ('&&$%&$2$%b#;*$,*$($%)'(H+%'.-$+&$)*1B#$)$*+-(>&/61->-H9*$ $%2*1%-$*,>2$36$()$,'*'&$)*$5&$%2$)$*188$&/61->$%2*$-$+&$)*152' 2$))$188$$*&$%)>.^*$$)&+2$66$*1%-(.$*8)94(+&S$.1)$66$*E*GL1QE#B 42/1#CL[84NA#$a%&# "7Q0*+T($*L'*51)166$--)16>6$($+-(8*1.$"7Q;316$*6+8'6),>21(85+-(>$% 1%%$04-23/%8(H+%3+*8+&&/%18'(H+%21*$8)$&+)I"J($*.$*13+*&'. &/61-L$)3+*>>,%$316$*3*'($*.$*+-6'-*$316$*(+&.1()9.$*()1&$%461%H$%1 31-/*bdB 7+*>)$()$3/%8(H+%$%'."7Q0*+T($*&+)I"J($.$*06$"7Q;&+2$66$%3+*(98) 6'()$)%$23*'($*.$*1,*+-*'&&$)3+*2$*$))$*>0616'()$)+,,1-H$%)16($*.$*$%B #$))$06$/)39*).$2>3466$1%%0*/8$*%'.%+-,'((+*25('&)+(C3+*,*+(H$8)$)1 "7Q0*+T($*$%BF*+-*'&&$)31888+%)'8)&$2($*.$*$%+-&+2$66$%06$.$66488$) 6'()$)%$2B<16(.'*$%2$06$&+2$66$%6'-*$))16($*.$*$%,>('&&$&>)$(+&.1()1 31-/*b` `A

72 42/1#CG[9&.7)$=8E%&#D&# F*+-*'&&$),*$($%)$*)$$)1%3+*&'(H+%(.1%2/(+&+,,64()$')*$.1(H+%$%.'* 061))6'-*$).$66488$),>($*.$*$%f31-/*bagB 42/1#CP[f91,,&%%>155Ba#2))&.#&D2%2$.f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hC,$*')1+% )1&$;+/)hBY$22$%%$3$16&$621%-$%(8H$22$$%'.)*$(G$%'*1$*N

73 RB #$)06$188$3+*$)'))%+$%$%2*1%-,>($*.$*$%B#$))$$*%+8(G$%'*1$)(+& $*3+*.$%)$).$2$%(6183$16$&$621%-5(+&H+%$))+,,0/*2$(1-%'61($*$') 3+*(98$),>6'-*1%-3188$%h)1&$;+/)h5(+&.16(1'),*+-*'&&$)188$ %)'8)&$2($*.$*$%B?B :4*$.1(H+%06$6'()$)+,,)16($*.$*,>)*+(('.3$16&$621%-$%B bb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f3*'I*/8$*Rg6'()$)%$2'.I*/8$*?B"%%6+--1%-'.I*/8$*?,> ($*.$*$%12$)T$0;0'($*)$0*/8$*-*$%($(%1))$)$*.1()131-/*bcB D+&.1()131-/*bc$*(1()$*$.1(H+%%*B?B#$%2$)'6H$*)$*$.1(H+%(6+--$%$*.1()1 31-/*beBM$*.1($(+-(>L.+*2'%0*/8$*$%8'%.$6-$&$66+&>6'()$%$2 &+2$66$%5$66$*>(H$88$/)&+2$66$%B ar

74 42/1#CV[U&D2%H$.%5$// "396-$0*/8$*2+8/&$%)'(H+%$%.16%$26'()1%-&$239*$')&+2$66$%061*6'()$) %$2(+&$%"7Q316B=)(H$881%-fQL$G8+/)g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a?

75 42/1#LO[U&D2%H$.%5$//D2%&#$""7()&#2./ #+T%6+'2 I*/8$*R6'()$*%$2"7Q316$%5 *$.1(H+%R I*/8$*R-H9*$%$%2*1%-,> &+2$66$%1S$.1) I*/8$*R$8(,+*)$*$*"7Q3163*' S$.1))1621(8 I*/8$*R6'()$*+,,%4.$*(H+%'. "7Q316$%1T$01%)$*3'G$ I1J($*.$**$-1()*$*$*2$%%4$.$*(H+%$%(+&*$.1(H+%? QL$G8;+/) I*/8$*R(H$88$*/)"7Q316$%5 *$.1(H+%? I*/8$*R-H9*$%$%2*1%-,> &+2$66$%1S$.1)B I*/8$*R$8(,+*)$*$*"7Q3163*' S$.1))1621(8 I*/8$*R6'()$*+,,%4.$*(H+%'. "7Q316$%1T$01%)$*3'G$ I1J($*.$**$-1()*$*$*2$%%4$.$*(H+%$%(+&*$.1(H+%b E.3*$&-'%-(&>)$%+.$*3+*($*&'%')#+T%6+'2;+-QL$G8+/);3/%8(H+%'61)$)$% -1*('&&$*$(/6)')5 =%2$*)$()1%-$%06$$),+)$%(1$6),*+06$&+,,2'-$)N I*/8$*R(H$88$*/)&+2$66$%5*$.1(H+%RB I*/8$*R-H9*$%$%2*1%-,>"7Q&+2$66$%1S$.1)B I*/8$*?(H$88$*/)&+2$66$%5*$.1(H+%RB I*/8$*?-H9*$%$%2*1%-,>"7Q&+2$66$%1E*GL1QE# I*/8$*R6'()$*+,,2$%$%2*$2$&+2$66$%5(+&*$-1()*$*$((+&*$.1(H+%?B I*/8$*?6'()$*+,,2$%$%2*$2$*$.1(H+%R5(+&*$-1()*$*$((+&*$.1(H+% bb #$*(+&%$()$0*/8$*2'6'()$*%$2(1()$*$.1(H+%5.16$%2*1%-$%-H+*)'.I*/8$*R ->)',)B#$))$$*$),*+06$&5+--*/%%$%)16')0>2$QL$G8+/)3/%8(H+%$%&$2 &$*-1%-5+-0*/8$**$))1-L$)$*$*(>.18)1-3+*%4))$.$*21$%'.$%I1J($*.$*B ab

76 9)&/L[g1&#B [%]/$*45$66$*(,9**1%-58'%-H9*$(&+)($*.$*$%3+*>8/%L$%)$/)2$6$*'. &+2$66$%(+&0*/8$*$%8'%.^*$1%)$*$(($*)1B"2$%.$*(H+%$%'.I"J($*.$* (+&%>$*061)))$()$)8'%$%(618(,9**1%-3+*$->,>)+,*1%(1,1$66$&>)$*N -< 5D^((%0*,&1,/)M,#C6'', #$)06$3+*(98)(,9**1%-,>&+2$66.1'"7Q86'(($.$2.$6-$/)')($*.$*$% 8/%(8/66$L$%)$/)1%3+*&'(H+%+&86'(($%"3Gl1%2+T52.(L+.$286'(($% 3+*'66$.1%2/$*1&+2$66$%BD,9**1%-$%12$)T$0;0'($*)$ 0*/8$*-*$%($(%1))$)+-2$%*$(/6)$*$%2$"7Q;316$%$*.1()1LL.B31-/*dR+- 31-/*d? 42/1#L;[9"K##2./&.^g1&#B` 8< 5D^((%0*,&1,YC2F6CCQ,c0%Z+,/S,4Yc/S;, #$)06$+-(>3+*(98)>31%%$+0H$8)$*1&+2$66$%.$2LH$6,'.O="#B#$))$ $*$%/%1812$%)1318')+*(+&L.$*)+0H$8)1$%"7Q&+2$66'/)+&')1(83>* -$%$*$*)+-(+&2$%0$L+62$*-H$%%+&'66$*$.1(H+%$*1$),*+(H$8)BD+& $)$8($&,$6,>$%(618(,9**1%-06$O="#$%)16$).1%2/.'6-)BD,9**1%-$%1 2$)T$0;0'($*)$0*/8$*-*$%($(%1))$)+-2$%*$(/6)$*$%2$"7Q;316$%$*.1() 1LL.B31-/*db+-31-/*ddB ad

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b.16188$/)(H$88$2$+0H$8)$*6>($(3+*'%2*$0*/8$*$B #$*&$206$2$)L$66$*188$*$-1()*$*)%+$%$%2*1%-$*$66$*-H+*)$%&$*-1%-'. 2$%-'&6$+-2$%%4$&+2$66$%B a`

78 #$)31%%$(&/61-L$))16>6'()$+,,%+$8'6)$%QL'%-$D$)316BQL'%-$D$)$*$%B\&6 316(+&()9))$*I"[F()'%2'*2$%BQL'%-$D$)316$%(8'61%%$L+62$$%2*1%-$%$1 &+2$66$%f1%3+*&'(H+%(+&L'*061))6'-))1653H$*%$)$66$*+0H$8)$*(+&$*061)) I*/8$*2+8/&$%)'(H+%$%$*&'%-$63/665+-2$)$*/86'*L$)+&L.+*2'%2$%%$ 316$%(8'6-$%$*$*$(B aa

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ac

80 % ae

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aa

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m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cr

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c?

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cb

86 cd

87 3;4 Y)9)#'*1)#% 36('H6CC.601(R'<, I/1621%-DJES<B Y+%1,$2,L+%C1%0*,/0"2(36$%20,O21C%0*,"2(,[R0('7,O606*('7,S'%*0('7, K0*%0('7,601,M20$(6G$2('7,M+0+8$%5:$TK$*($45K+L%l16$4nD+%(5"%GB L)),NZZ12&B0/1621%-(&'*)B%+ZG+%36/$%G$Z21(,6'4Z"#JZI/1621%-tI6+G8(t L)),NZZ12&B0/1621%-(&'*)B%+ZG+%36/$%G$Z21(,6'4Z"#JZ"#J(qEGG$(($2N L)),NZZ12&B0/1621%-(&'*)B%+ZG+%36/$%G$Z21(,6'4Z"#JZ"#JtJ'8$(t"7Qt L)),NZZ12&B0/1621%-(&'*)B%+ZG+%36/$%G$Z21(,6'4Z"#JZS$3$*$%G$tF*+G$( F*+2/G)J+2$6(N"7QJ+2$6D$*.$*('('F+)$%)1'6D+6/)1+%BM/L,TP:,8801, M20"(0G,20,/0"2(36$%20,JGH02C2*Q,%0,M20'$(+G$%20<#*$(2$%5O$*&'%45 1%;L+/($,/061(L1%-B L)),NZZTTTB()*$((; 3*$$BG+B%vZ01&($*.$*o'%2o)L$o,+)$%)1'6o+3o($*.$*(12$o01&qEGG$(($2N G2CC6F2(6$%20<, KwSO[:D[:5UBEB5DUE=O[5KB5QMS"D<"E:DDC:5FB5DY"#<5UB5DwS[:D[:5UBIBn E'*L/(DGL++6+3E*GL1)$G)/*$B c`

88 J+2$6(5Q"7[<$GL%1G'6S$,+*)xRaRBM0$(,"2(,/0$*(6$1,)6G%C%$Q, K0*%0(%0*<D)'%3+*2=%1.$*(1)4B XE"<":[:5KBfRAAegJ+2$6I'($2Q+%()*/G)1+%F*+G$((J'%'-$&$%)B M20'$(+G$%20,O606*30$,601,KG2023%G'<D)+G8L+6&5S+4'6"%()1)/)$+3 <$GL%+6+-4B 0/1621%-&+2$6yX$'*%1%-3*+&$\,$*1$%G$B>+$236$%20,%0,M20'$(+G$%207 Ra_?e;baB :"D<fRAAbg":<[OSE<"C:#[7":"<"C:7CS7=:Q<"C: /0"2(36$%20,\(2G''%0*,5$6016(1',\+FC%G6$%20'<, F*+2/G)#$(1-%fF*+(H$8)+,,-'.$gB:<:=B QCl"ZS>2-1.$%2$"%-$%19*$*(7+*$%1%-B D)$2(0'($*),6'%6$--1%-+-d#B/0'$%$+$$,"2(,FQ**7,60C**,2*,$(60'D2($7, )6#+C$$,"2(,%0*0%^(&%$0'#6D,2*,$#02C2*%<:<:=B L)),NZZTTTB()')(04--B%+Z716D4()$&Z316$(Z,*+(H$8)$*ZI"JZDI; I"J&'%/'6R;R&Y$26B,23B #$.$6+,&$%)J$)L+2(5.$*(1+%RBRB0/1621%-DJES<;"%)$*%')1+%'6 E661'%G$+3"%)$*+,$*'0161)4B L)),NZZ12&B0/1621%-(&'*)B%+ZG+%36/$%G$Z21(,6'4Z"#JZ"#Jt<L$&$( L)),NZZTTTB1'1B%+Z12&Z12&o6$'*%1%-ZlDRo"#JoO$%$*'664B,23qEGG$(($2N L)),NZZTTTB1'1B%+Z12&Z12&o6$'*%1%-ZlDdo"#JoF*+G$((J',,1%-B,23 ca

89 B)$.)++% ) B)$.)++%3_%\)8*/18%<)18#/?).1)%'?%J-)U8W"02%90*81E"*)*%/%GM@%@"$).% &)#?)#% B)$.)++%;_%&8'*18'%P#"$0U2%M)1/+*%`%F"*1)62<)18#/?).1)% % cc

90 ) ce

91 1'4#"?)KwSO[:D[:5UBEB5DUE=O[5KB5QMS"D<"E:DDC:5FB5DY"#<5UB5DwS[:D[:5 E'60+*-'%2E'*L/(DGL++6+3E*GL1)$G)/*$B QL$G8C/)D$6$G)$2C0H$G)( <L$G+&,6$)$&+2$6+*'%4,'*)1'6&+2$6G'%0$GL$G8$2+/)04/($+3)L$GL$G8; +/)0/))+%(+*042*'-;'%2;2*+,B<L$*$'*$)T+2133$*$%)GL$G8;+/)+,$*')1+%(N T1)L'%2T1)L+/)6+G81%-BX+G81%-+3+0H$G)(&$'%()L')+%64)L$/($*5TL1GL,$*3+*&$2)L$GL$G8+/)5G'%'3)$*T'*2(GL$G8;1%)L$+0H$G)('-'1%+**$6$'($)L$ 6+G8(BE3+62$*(L+/620$,*$,'*$21%l1%2+T([\,6+*$*B :+)$N"3')*'G$*$,+*)(L+/620$-$%$*')$25)L1(&/()0$&'*8$21%)L$zC,)1+%(z &$%/Nz#$0/-)*'G$zB "%)L$JDJ)*$$;.1$T5+0H$G)(G'%0$&'*8$204L+621%-2+T%)L${G)*6 8$4B"% +*2$*)+GL$G8;+/))L$+0H$G)(T1)L6+G81%-58$$,L+621%-)L$8$42+T%52*'-)L$ +0H$G)()+)L$3+62$*'%22*+,)L$($6$G)1+%1%)L$,*$,'*$23+62$*BE()L$"7Q316$ T1660$%'&$2'()L$6'()+0H$G)&'*8$251)1(G+%.$%1$%)31%'664)+&'*8'% '221)1+%'6%+2$3+*316$%'&1%-f61-L)06/$g5$B-B','*$%)%+2$+3)L$+0H$G)(5 "7QDXEIB )%*+(.,[FBG$',36(#1,"2(,GHG#2+$<S6(#,FC+,2FBG$',6(,36(#1,"2(,GHG#,2+$, 601,6,C%*H$,FC+,%',36(#1,"2(,"%C,063%0* E,+((106$)*'G$*$,+*)1((L+T%1%'($,'*')$T1%2+TN ca

92 )%*+(.,J(6G,(D2($,"(23,6,GHG#X2+$,2",'CG$1,2FBG$', <L$*$,+*)(L+T(N #')'($):'&$P)L$%'&$+3)L$2')'($)'))L$($*.$*5TL1GLL+62(2')' '0+/))L$GL$G8;+/)B#')''0+/))L1(2')'($)'*$1%G6/2$21%)L$"7Q316$'( 'G/()+&,*+,$*)4($)B")1(1&,+*)'%))L'))L1(,*+,$*)4($)1(,*$($*.$204 )L$&+2$661%-',,61G')1+%3+*6')$*GL$G8;1%B E61()+3)L$GL$G8$2;+/)+0H$G)(P1%)L1(G'($)T+B <L$%'&$'%2*+6$+3)L$/($*B<L$($.'6/$('*$'22$2)+)L$GL$G8;+/) 316$'('%"3GF$*(+%+0H$G)5'%"3GC*-'%1v')1+%+0H$G)'%2'% "3GF$*(+%E%2C*-'%1v')1+%+0H$G)B )%*+(.,JH,/)M,"%C,R%$H,GHG#1X2+$,2FBG$',

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er

94 I4--$,6'))3+*&$%0$()>*'.)+)4,$*&+2/6$*N J+2/6$*(+&0$()>*'.3+*L>%2(2$31%$*)$()'%2'*2+0H$8)$* o F;8H$66$* o S>04-- o M/662$88$* o D)>6(946$* o E28+&()(H'8)$* o <$8%1(8$(H'8)$* o I'2$*+&(&+2/6 J+2/6$*(+&/)39*$($))$*-1))$,*1%(1,,$* o i))$*.$--$* o X$161-L$)(;+-*+&(8166$.$--$* o C.$*-/6. o <'8 o I'68+%-$* o <$8%1(8$*+& J+2/6$%$8'%.12$*$0*4)$(%$218+&,+%$%)$*B#$3+*(8H$661-$69(%1%-$%$5 (,$(1$6)3+*.$--$*+-)'858'%8+&01%$*$(&$2L.$*'%2*$5%+$(+&-1*()9**$ &/61-L$)3+*.'*1'(H+%B S>04--$)396-$*3'()$,*1%(1,,$*3+*/)3+*&1%-50'($*),>()'%2'*221&$%(H+%$%$ )16+0H$8)$%$(+&0$%4))$(Bb,*1%(1,,$*396-$(N RB "%)$*.'66+,,2$61%-NI4--$)&>16$%-2$*$)%1%-8/%%$2$6$(+,,1 1%)$*.'66$*,>R5?&B#$))$$*()'%2'*20*$22$,>L/662$88$$6$&$%)$*B?B D946$&+2/6N7'('2$%2$6$(1%%1(946$&+2/6$*52$*$%0^*$%2$(946$&>,6'(($*$(3+*&'8(L.$*)dB1%)$*.'66B bb J+2/661%H$%N[)LH$6,$&122$63+*>8/%%$0$*$-%$04--$)(6$%-2$50*$22$ +-64(>,%1%-,>0'8-*/%%'.04--$,6'))3+*&$% db e?

95

96 ISBN