Utfordringer og muligheter

Transkript

1 Att bekampa manniskohandel for sexuella andamål och betydelsen av internationellt polisarbete Utfordringer og muligheter Rudolf Christoffersen, Eurojust

2 Disposisjon Endringer i kriminalitetsbilde i Europa og betydningen av internasjonalt samarbeid. Hva er Eurojust og Europol? Menneskehandel i Europa Menneskehandel i Norge

3 EUROJUST - Samarbeidsenheten for påtalemyndighetene i EU

4 Samarbeid med 3 -land

5 Samarbeid Europol - Eurojust EUROPOL EUROJUST Etterretning Etterforskning Iretteføring

6 Endringer i kriminalitetsbildet i Europa Globalisering! Internasjonal samarbeid viktig for selv de minste tjenestesteder Kriminaliteten er grenseløs, strafferettssystemene er nasjonale Internett har endret verden Internett som kriminalitetsarena (overgrep på internett, salg av sex på internett) Internett som kommunikasjonskanal Endret modus på flere kriminalitetsområder. Kriminaliteten har blitt mer kompleks

7 Utfordringer for Politi og Åklagare Bevisene befinner seg i større grad i utlandet Tar tid å innhente Har noen ganger en annen «form» enn hva vi er vant med Må oversettes før de kan brukes. Ulike prosessuelle regler for innhenting av bevis.

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9 Menneskehandel i Europa Noen fakta 1. Utnyttelse til prostitusjon og andre seksuelle formål er den mest vanlige form for menneskehandel i Europa med 69 % av de identifiserte ofrene, men utnyttelse til arbeid og kriminalitet antas å øke betydelig i årene som kommer. 2. Flertallet av ofrene kommer fra EU-land og Øst-europa. 3. Ofrene roteres ofte mellom ulike land for å gjøre politiets arbeid mer vanskelig. 4. Grunn til å anta at det i økende grad vil være saker med link mellom menneskesmugling og menneskehandel.

10 Total number of THB cases (until ) THB for the purpose of sexual exploitation THB for other purposes THB for the purpose of labour exploitation Total One case can have more than one subcategory Case Analysis Unit

11 Since the migrant crisis, the world has fundamentally changed and due to the vulnerability of the migrants a sharp increase of in particular labour exploitation, but also sexual exploitation cases can be expected. Several new THB related modi operandi have links to illegal immigration cases in Europe.

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13 Cases registered at Eurojust related to Trafficking in Human Beings with Children in the period to (until ) THB all Children involved

14 THB in The Netherlands 2013: 1437 Possible victims identified. 2014: 1561 Possible victims identified. The largest group of victims were exploited in the sexindustry. 84 % of the victims were women and almost a fifth were minors. The largest group of possible victims have Dutch nationality (30%), followed by Romanian (14%), Bulgarian (10%) and Polish (6 %). Source: National Rapporteur on Trafficking in Human Beings

15 Almost one-quarter of identified trafficking victims were children. The majority of identified sex trafficking victims have been exploited in bars and brothels. Approximately one third of identified sex trafficking victims reported that they had agreed initially to engage in prostitution. Members of ethnic minorities, such as Roma, as well as foreign unaccompanied minors who arrived in Germany, were particularly vulnerable to human trafficking.

16 The use of internet as facilitator of THB Dark Web Advertisements (recruitments)

17 THB and the Internet Rapid innovations in information and communications technologies facilitate the trafficking in human beings by exposing a growing number of victims to traffickers. These traffickers use social networks and online classified sites to market, recruit, sell and exploit their victims. The internet has shifted the recruitment, advertising and selling process from the street to the digital domain. Criminals and victims leave permanent traces, which facilitates identification, but not necessarily intervention.

18 KEY TRENDS Exploitation is heavily facilitated by websites that aid setting up encounters with customers. New modi operandi have emerged in the context of exploitation such as the digital surveillance or blackmailing of victims. The use of internet platforms allows Organiced Criminal Groups to exploit victims of sex trafficking on a much larger scale. In the context of child sexual exploitation, social media outlets allow perpetrators easier access to potensial victims and greatly facilitate their recruitment.

19 Commercial online child sexual exploitation According to Europol live streaming of abuse for payment is no longer an emerging trend but an established reality.

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21 Skreddersydde overgrepsbilder på bestilling Fattige mennesker selger egne barn til denne type virksomhet. Kidnapping av barn Gatebarn i fattige land utnyttes

22 CYBERCRIME Child Abuse Images

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24 Where are the evidence in Cyber crime cases?

25 Hvorledes etterforsker vi denne type saker og hvorledes sikrer vi bevis?

26 Judisielle utfordringer EUROPOL: The rapid evolution of cyber threats has led to a situation in which certain conduct is criminalised in some countries, but not in others. An example is the live streaming of child sexual abuse. Even within the EU, there are countries where the act of streaming is not separately criminalized, while at the same time it cannot be captured under «possession». Similarly, wilful facilitation of the hosting of illicit content is not criminalized in a number of countries, effectively creating a safe haven for bulletproof hosters.

27 NOEN GENERELLE UTFORDRINGER I MENNESKEHANDELSAKER

28 Lack of knowledge and experience in THB cases Lack of basic knowledge, awareness and experience among police, prosecution and social workers. Problem understanding the entire THB phenomenon Difficulties in detecting traffickers and victims. National authorities focus on the national dimension of investigations.

29 Identification requires knowledge Traffickers Victim Exploitation methods

30 If you don t know what to look for you don t see it

31 Stereotype perceptions of a victim strongly guide the identification and related proceedings: Important to overcome stereotypes

32 I am not a victim! I have no problem! Stay away from my friends! What is wrong with the police in this country? When can I leave?

33 Human trafficking is not about the victims s morality, but of exploitation

34 And what about the male victims?

35 Hva har vi gjort i Norge Egne «THB team» i de 5 største byene. Nasjonal kompetansegruppe bestående av etterforskere og politijurister/åklagare fra de 5 største politidistriktene pluss KRIPOS og Eurojust. Vi er politi Ikke sosial-arbeidere. Undervisning på skoler om sammenhengen mellom THB og prostitusjon Bruk av «skreddersydde» undervisningspakker ment for ungdom.

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37 «Demand for sexual services feeds organized crime»

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39 Hvordan møter politiet ofre for menneskehandel? I will only tell my story if you care about it

40 SPØRSMÅL Takk for oppmerksomheten. Rudolf Christoffersen, Eurojust