(12) Oversettelse av europeisk patentskrift (11) NO/EP 2715162 B1 (19) NO NORGE (51) Int Cl. Patentstyret F16C 19/18 (2006.01) F16C 33/58 (2006.01) (21) Oversettelse publisert 2015.10.19 (80) Dato for Den Europeiske Patentmyndighets publisering av det meddelte patentet 2015.05.13 (86) Europeisk søknadsnr 12722732.0 (86) Europeisk innleveringsdag 2012.05.21 (87) Den europeiske søknadens Publiseringsdato 2014.04.09 (30) Prioritet 2011.06.01, DE, 102011076872 (84) Utpekte stater AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR Utpekte samarbeidende stater BA ME (73) Innehaver Wobben Properties GmbH, Dreekamp 5, 26605 Aurich, DE-Tyskland (72) Oppfinner JEPSEN, Torsten, Abraham-Wolffs-Straße 8, 26603 Aurich, DE-Tyskland (74) Fullmektig Tandbergs Patentkontor AS, Postboks 1570 Vika, 0118 OSLO, Norge (54) Benevnelse LARGE ROLLER BEARING (56) Anførte publikasjoner DD-A5-46 126 DE-U1-202006 007 434 JP-A- 2009 047 206 US-A1-2011 085 756
- 1 - The present invention relates to a large roller bearing, which is constructed as a multi-row ball bearing slewing rim for receiving axial loads, radial loads and tilting torques, having an outer ring, an inner ring, a first ball row and a second ball row, wherein the first ball row and the second ball row are arranged so as to be axially spaced apart with respect to each other in a four-point bearing, there being associated with the first ball row four race portions and with the second ball row four race portions which each have a face for receiving the ball race. Large roller bearings are used in machine and installation construction for producing a rotary connection in the event of large loads. In particular race circle diameters of 300 mm and more are referred to as large roller bearings. Depending on installation conditions and depending on the forces to be received, the race circle diameters of the large roller bearings are certainly also several 1000 mm. With bearings of this order of magnitude, the large roller bearings themselves have a significant inherent weight and require considerable assembly complexity. Against this background, it is desirable to use integrated bearings which have a single unit which can be assembled and which are configured to receive axial forces, radial forces and optionally tilting moments. For this reason, roller bearings in multi-row form are mainly used when the receiving of axial forces, radial forces and tilting moments is required. It is also known, inter alia, to use multi-row four-point bearings. In selecting the correct bearing, constructors are faced with the conflicting objective of providing a bearing with the highest possible level of durability with the smallest possible assembly space and the lowest possible assembly
- 2 - complexity. In cases where a predetermined limited structural space has to be complied with for structural reasons or (rare) cases of the retrofitting of large roller bearings in an existing environment with the objective of retrofitting a bearing with a higher level of durability (in comparison with the one which was installed there previously), there is the problem that a higher level of stability with known bearing types cannot readily be achieved without providing a larger structural space in an axial or radial direction, which is linked with high structural complexity. Reference is generally made to the following documents as prior art at this point: DE 10 2008 049 813 A1, DE 10 2004 023 774 A1, DE 10 2004 051 054 A1, DD 46 126 A5, DE 18 55 303 U and DE 10 2006 031 956 A1. US-A-2011/0085756 sets out the features of the preamble of claim 1. Against this background, an object of the present invention was to provide a large roller bearing of the type mentioned in the introduction with improved load capacity with the smallest possible installation dimensions. The object addressed by the invention is solved by the invention with a large roller bearing of the type mentioned in the introduction by the face of a race portion provided in the inner ring being greater than the face of the adjacent race portion provided in the inner ring, respectively, and equal to the face of the race portion which is provided diametrically opposite in the outer ring, respectively. The invention is based on the recognition that the ball row of a four-point bearing has a total of four contact points with
- 3 - separate face portions in the inner and outer ring, respectively. These contact points are not constant at the same location - with respect to the cross-section of the bearing - but change in accordance with the load situation. This also applies to the case of reversal of load. The greater the force acting on the bearing in an axial direction becomes, the more significantly the contact point moves in the loaded race portions in the direction of the bearing gap between the inner ring and the outer ring. This is a result of the fact that the balls and race faces as a result of the axial force which occurs are subjected to deformation and each produce a planar contact with the race portion. In order to be able to achieve a degree of running tolerance, in fourpoint bearings the radius of curvature of the balls is slightly smaller than the radius of curvature of the corresponding race portions (in cross-section). Consequently, when large axial forces occur, the inner ring and the outer ring are subjected to an action of force which drives them apart, whereby the contact region between the respective balls and the corresponding loaded race face can move. According to the invention, there are increased in particular the faces of the race portions which are subjected to greater loading in the event of a preferential loading of the large roller bearing. Regardless of whether the load is a supported load or a lifting load, the bearing is intended to be configured according to the invention in such a manner that the faces of the race portions which are more heavily loaded in the preferential direction are increased. Since each race portion in the bearing is finite, when a critical axial load is reached, a point is reached at which the contact region between the ball and race face (in the sense of: the face available for the race) moves to the edge
- 4 - of the race face or beyond. Consequently, both the balls and the edges of the race portions are subjected to significant wear. Based on this recognition, the invention exploits the fact that, when configuring the bearing, it is already known in which direction - when viewed axially - the load on the bearing will be greater. The bearing can thus be selectively adapted to receive higher loads from one axial direction than from the other direction. Since, as a result of the axial load, two diagonally opposing race portions are always more heavily loaded then the other opposing race portions, the invention makes use of the knowledge relating to the displacement of the contact region within the race faces, by the faces which are anticipated to be more heavily loaded being increased in comparison with the faces which are anticipated to be less heavily loaded. The additional structural space which is required as a result of a face enlargement can thus be compensated for by the corresponding less heavily loaded face in each case being reduced in accordance with the enlargement of one face. The invention is advantageously developed in that the face of the race portion provided in the inner ring is equal to the face of the race portion which is provided diametrically opposite in the outer ring, respectively. In a further preferred manner, the larger faces of the race portions are of the same size. The term faces of the same size is intended to be understood in this instance to mean that, taking into account technical production-related tolerances, the length of a race face in cross-section is not intended to change by more than ±3%.
- 5 - When, as above or below, faces are mentioned, it is generally the cross-section face and not the actual peripheral face which is intended. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inner ring for the first ball row has an annular first inner shoulder and an annular second inner shoulder which each delimit one of the faces for receiving a ball race of the first ball row. Furthermore, the inner ring for the second ball row has an annular third inner shoulder and an annular fourth inner shoulder which each delimit one of the faces for receiving the ball race of the second ball row, wherein a maximum diameter of the fourth inner shoulder is different from a maximum diameter of the first inner shoulder. As a result of the increase of the diameters of the inner shoulders in the above-mentioned manner, a face enlargement is enabled in a manner which can be readily geometrically predicted and calculated, without on the whole having to completely reconfigure the geometry of the bearing. According to a preferred embodiment, the maximum diameter of the third inner shoulder is different from the maximum diameter of the second inner shoulder. Preferably, the outer ring for the first ball row has a first annular outer shoulder and a second annular outer shoulder which each delimit one of the faces for receiving the ball races of the first ball row. The outer ring additionally has for the second ball row a third annular outer shoulder and a fourth annular outer shoulder which each delimit one of the faces for receiving the ball races of the second ball row, the minimum diameter of the fourth outer shoulder being
- 6 - different from the minimum diameter of the first outer shoulder. The outer ring and the race portions which are provided in the outer ring are preferably constructed so as to correspond to the respective portions of the inner ring in order to compensate equally for a symmetrically resulting displacement of the contact region between the balls and the faces of the race portions both in the inner ring and in the outer ring. Preferably, the minimum diameter of the third outer shoulder is different from the minimum diameter of the second outer shoulder. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the largest of the maximum diameters of the inner shoulders is smaller than or equal to the smallest of the minimum diameters of the outer shoulders. This embodiment has the additional advantage that the inner ring, in spite of an increase according to the invention of the faces of the race portions which are anticipated to be more heavily loaded, can be inserted as before completely through the outer ring, whereby the assembly and disassembly of the bearing is considerably simplified. In a preferred embodiment, the balls of the first ball row are arranged together with the balls of the second ball row along a first race circle diameter. Preferably, the largest of the maximum diameters of the inner shoulders and/or the smallest of the minimum diameters of the outer shoulders is equal to or in a range up to 0.5 mm below the first race circle diameter of the first and second ball row.
- 7 - In a further preferred manner, the smallest of the minimum diameters of the outer shoulders is equal to or in a range up to 0.5 mm above the first race circle diameter of the first and second ball row. According to an advantageous development of this embodiment, the maximum diameter of the first inner shoulder is equal to the maximum diameter of the third inner shoulder and greater than the maximum diameter of the second and fourth inner shoulder, respectively. In a further preferred manner, the minimum diameter of the second outer shoulder is equal to the minimum diameter of the fourth outer shoulder and smaller than the minimum diameter of the first and third outer shoulder, respectively. According to an alternative embodiment, the balls of the first ball row are arranged along the first race circle diameter and the balls of the second ball row are arranged along a second race circle diameter which is different from the diameter of the first ball row. This affords the advantage that the possible pressure angle, that is to say, the possible displacement of the contact points in the direction of the gap between the inner ring and outer ring of the bearing can be changed to a significantly greater extent than would be the case if the balls of all the rows were arranged on the same race circle diameter. The extent of the increase is produced in accordance with the size of the displacement between the first race circle diameter and the second race circle diameter.
- 8 - According to this alternative embodiment, the maximum diameter of the first inner shoulder is preferably greater than the maximum diameter of the second inner shoulder, and the maximum diameter of the third inner shoulder is greater than the maximum diameter of the fourth inner shoulder. In a further preferred manner, the minimum diameter of the fourth outer shoulder is smaller than the minimum diameter of the third outer shoulder, and the minimum diameter of the second outer shoulder is smaller than the minimum diameter of the first inner shoulder. According to another preferred embodiment, the first ball row comprises balls having a first ball diameter, and the second ball row comprises balls having a second ball diameter which is different from the first ball diameter. According to another preferred embodiment, the large roller bearing has one or more additional ball rows. The one or more additional ball rows are preferably constructed in accordance with the first ball row and/or second ball row according to the preferred embodiments explained above. This relates in particular to the configuration of opposing shoulders, race portions, ball diameters and/or race circle diameters. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the large roller bearing has a third ball row. The invention further relates to a wind turbine having a tower which has a tower head and having a pod which is configured to receive a rotor, the pod being rotatably supported relative to the tower by means of an azimuth bearing. The above-mentioned wind turbine is improved according to the invention in that the azimuth bearing is
- 9 - constructed as a large roller bearing according to one of the preferred embodiments explained above. The invention is described in greater detail below with reference to two preferred embodiments and with reference to the appended Figures, in which: Figure 1 is a detailed view of a large roller bearing according to a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 is a detailed view of a large roller bearing according to a second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 shows a large roller bearing from the prior art in a first state; Figure 4 shows the large roller bearing from Figure 3 in a second state; Figure 5 is a detailed view of the large roller bearing according to the first embodiment in a first state, similar to Figure 3; and Figure 6 is a detailed view of the large roller bearing according to the first embodiment of the invention in a second state, similar to Figure 4. The Figures described in greater detail below explain the invention with reference to an exemplary load situation. This load situation represents a supported load which, with reference to Figures 1 to 6, acts in a vertical direction from above on the inner ring of the bearing which is illustrated in each case. It can be seen that the corresponding construction and numbering of the shoulders and ball rows can be transposed in accordance with the load case taking into account the orientation of the bearings in the Figures in order to depict another load case in each case.
- 10 - In Figure 1, a cross-sectional view through a large roller bearing according to the invention according to a first embodiment of the invention is shown in detail. The large roller bearing 1 has an inner ring 3 and an outer ring 5. The large roller bearing 1 illustrated in Figure 1 is a two-row large roller bearing having a first ball row K1 and a second ball row K2. The second ball row K2 is axially spaced apart from the first ball row K1. The first ball row K1 comprises a large number of balls 22 which are arranged along a race circle diameter DL1. The second ball row K2 comprises a large number of balls 24 which are arranged along a second race circle diameter DL2. The inner ring 3 has a first race portion 7 and a second race portion 9 which are associated with the first ball row K1. In addition, the inner ring 3 has a third race portion 11 and a fourth race portion 13 which are associated with the second ball row K2. The first race portion 7 and the second race portion 9 are arranged adjacent to each other and separated from each other by means of a peripheral annular groove. The first race portion 7 is delimited by an annular first inner shoulder 23. The second race portion 9 is delimited by an annular second inner shoulder 25. The first inner shoulder 23 has a maximum diameter d1. The second inner shoulder 25 has a second maximum diameter d2. The maximum diameter d1 of the first inner shoulder 23 is in this instance larger than the maximum diameter d2 of the second inner shoulder 25. The third race portion 11 and the fourth race portion 13 are arranged adjacent to each other in the inner ring 3 and separated from each other by means of a peripheral annular groove. The third race portion 11 is delimited by an annular third inner shoulder 27. The fourth race portion 13 is
- 11 - delimited by an annular fourth inner shoulder 29. The third inner shoulder 27 has a maximum diameter d3. In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the maximum diameter d3 of the third inner shoulder 27 corresponds to the maximum diameter d2 of the second inner shoulder 25. The fourth inner shoulder 29 has a maximum diameter d4. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the maximum diameter d3 of the third inner shoulder 27 is larger than the maximum diameter d4 of the fourth inner shoulder 29. There are formed in the outer ring 5 outer shoulders which correspond to the inner shoulders of the inner ring 3 and which each delimit a race portion which is also provided in the outer ring 5. The outer ring 5 has in particular a first race portion 15 and a second race portion 17 which are associated with the first ball row K1. In addition, the outer ring 5 has a third race portion 19 and a fourth race portion 21, which are associated with the second row K2. The first race portion 15 in the outer ring 5 is constructed in relation to the - with respect to the balls 22 - diametrically opposed second race portion 9 of the inner ring 3. The second race portion 17 in the outer ring 5 is constructed so as to correspond to the - with respect to the balls 22 - diametrically opposed first race portion 7 of the inner ring 3. The third race portion 19 in the outer ring 5 is constructed so as to correspond to the - with respect to the balls 24 - diametrically opposed fourth race portion 13 in the inner ring 3. The fourth race portion 21 in the outer ring 5 is constructed so as to correspond to the - with respect to the balls 24 - diametrically opposed third race portion 11 in the inner ring 3.
- 12 - The first race portion 15 is delimited by a first annular outer shoulder 31 which has a minimum diameter D1. The second race portion 17 is delimited by a second annular outer shoulder 33 which has a minimum diameter of D2. The third race portion 19 is delimited by a third annular outer shoulder 35 which has a minimum diameter D3. The fourth race portion 21 is delimited by an annular fourth outer shoulder 37 which has a minimum diameter D4. The balls 22 of the first ball row K1 are arranged along a first race circle diameter DL1. The balls 24 of the second ball row K2 are arranged along a second race circle diameter DL2. According to Figure 1, DL1 is greater than DL2. The face of the first race portion 7 of the inner ring 3 is increased by the diameter d1 of the first inner shoulder 23 being greater than the diameter d2 of the second inner shoulder 25. According to Figure 1, d1 is also greater than DL1. The face of the second race portion 17 of the outer ring is enlarged so as to correspond to the face of the first race portion 7 of the inner ring 3 by the diameter D2 being smaller than the diameter D1 of the first outer shoulder 31. The diameter D2 of the second outer shoulder 33 is smaller than the first race circle diameter DL1 by the same amount as the diameter d1 of the first inner shoulder 23 is larger than DL1. The race portions of the second ball row K2 are also constructed in a similar manner to the first ball row K1. The third race portion 11 has an enlarged face which is precisely as large as the face of the fourth race portion 21 of the
- 13 - outer ring 5. The diameter d3 of the third inner shoulder 27 is greater than the race circle diameter DL2 of the second ball row K2 by the same amount as the diameter D4 of the fourth outer shoulder 37 of the fourth race portion 21 of the outer ring 5 is smaller than the second race circle diameter DL2. The race portions 13 and 19 of the inner ring 3 and outer ring 5 which are diametrically opposed with respect to the balls 24 are reduced in the same manner relative to the race portions 11 and 21, as already set out above with reference to the first ball row K1 and the race portions 9 and 15. Figure 2 shows a large roller bearing 1 of the present invention according to a second embodiment. The large roller bearing 1 according to Figure 2 resembles in terms of its structure the large roller bearing 1 according to Figure 1 with respect to the arrangement of the first ball row K1 and second ball row K2. With respect to the inner shoulders, the race portions which are delimited thereby, the outer shoulders and the race portions which are delimited thereby, reference is made in this regard to the explanations relating to Figure 1, insofar as identical reference numerals have been allocated. However, the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 differ with respect to the dimensions of the shoulders. The inner ring 3 according to Figure 2 is in particular constructed as follows: The first inner shoulder 23 of the inner ring 3 has a maximum diameter d1 which is equal to the race circle diameter DL1 of the first ball row K1. The minimum diameter D1 of the first outer shoulder 31 of the outer ring 5 is in contrast greater than the race circle diameter DL1 of the first ball row K1.
- 14 - The second inner shoulder 25 of the inner ring 3 has a maximum diameter d2, which is smaller than the race circle diameter DL1 of the first ball row K1. The corresponding minimum diameter D2 in the outer ring 5 of the second outer shoulder 33 has a minimum diameter D2 which is equal to the race circle diameter DL1 of the first ball row K1. The maximum diameter d3 of the third inner shoulder 27 in the inner ring 3 is equal to the maximum diameter d1 of the first inner shoulder 23 of the first ball row K1. The race circle diameter DL1 of the first ball row K1, according to the embodiment shown in Figure 2, also corresponds to the race circle diameter of the second ball row K2. In contrast to Figure 1, therefore, the two ball rows K1 and K2 are arranged on an identical race circle diameter DL1 and axially spaced apart from each other. The minimum diameter D3 of the third outer shoulder 35 in the outer ring 5 is in turn greater than the race circle diameter DL1. D3 is equal to D1. The maximum diameter d4 of the fourth inner shoulder 29 of the inner ring 3 is equal to the diameter d2 of the second inner shoulder 25. The corresponding minimum diameter D4 of the fourth outer shoulder 37 of the outer ring 5 is equal to the minimum diameter D2 of the second outer shoulder 33. In the embodiment according to Figure 2, the race circle diameter DL1 acts as a reference variable. Between the outer ring and the inner ring, there is formed a gap which varies by the same amount in the direction of the outer ring or inner ring, whereby diametrically opposed (with respect to the respective ball row K1, K2), uniformly increased and decreased race portions are formed. At the same time, the inner ring 3 after the balls 22, 24 have been removed or
- 15 - before the balls 22, 24 have been introduced, can be inserted completely through the outer ring 3 since there is no intersection. With reference to Figures 3 to 6, the operating method of a large roller bearing 1 according to the invention in comparison with a large roller bearing 101 from the prior art is intended to be illustrated. Figures 3 and 4 first show a large roller bearing 101 from the prior art. The large roller bearing 101 has an inner ring 103 and an outer ring 105. Between the inner ring 103 and the outer ring 105, two ball rows K11 and K12 are arranged. The large roller bearing 101 from the prior art is a two-row four-point bearing. The balls of the first ball row K11 each have two contact points with the inner ring 103 and the outer ring 105. The contact points are each arranged in a separate race portion 107, 109, 115 and 117. The pressure angle α1 is formed relative to a radial axis. For the second ball row K12, with respect to the race portions 111, 113, 119 and 121, the same applies as for the first ball row K11. The faces of the race portion 107, 109, 111, 113, 115, 117, 119 and 121 are each substantially of the same size. Figure 4 shows the bearing from Figure 3 when a large supported axial load is introduced via the inner ring and acts on the bearing. The inner ring 103 is pressed downwards against the outer ring 105. As a result of the positioning of the balls of the first ball row K11 and the second ball row K12 against the faces of the race portions, the inner ring 103 and the outer ring 105 are driven apart, which is illustrated in Figure 4 in an exaggerated manner. As a result of this relative movement between the inner ring and the outer ring and an additional deformation of the balls 122,
- 16-124, there is an increase of the pressure angle α which now assumes the value α2. As a result of the deformation of the balls and race faces, the localised contact of a ball with the face of the race portion touching it is increased to form a face which, with respect to the second ball row K12, is indicated by the ellipse 126. This deformation region is located according to the illustration from Figure 4 in the region of an edge which delimits the race portion 121. The same phenomenon also becomes evident as a result of the symmetrical construction of the bearing with reference to the remaining, heavily loaded race portions 111, 107 and 117. There is greater wear, both at the side of the balls and at the side of the race portions. In contrast to Figures 3 and 4, Figures 5 and 6 show the improved function of the large roller bearing according to the present invention. The operating method shown in Figures 5 and 6 applies to both embodiments of the present invention, but, for the sake of simplicity, reference is made only to the first embodiment of the invention, which has also already been shown and explained in Figure 1. In Figure 5, the large roller bearing from Figure 1 is illustrated in a substantially unloaded state. The contact points of the balls 22, 24 of the first and second ball row K1, K2 are substantially orientated at an angle of α1 with respect to the radial direction of the bearing relative to the centre point of the balls. In the state shown in Figure 6, the inner ring is subjected to an axial load which acts in a downward direction in the orientation shown in Figure 6. As a result of the positioning of the balls 22, 24 of the first ball row K1 and the second ball row K2 against the faces of the race portions, the inner ring 3 and the outer ring 5 are driven apart. As a result, the contact of the balls 22, 24 with the
- 17 - respective race portions is displaced. A contact face which is formed as a result of the deformation of the balls and race faces, illustrated by the ellipse 26, is displaced in the direction of the inner shoulders 23, 27 of the inner ring 3 and the outer shoulders 33, 37 of the outer ring 5. The face of the race portions 9, 15 of the first ball row K1 and the face of the race portions 13, 19 of the second ball row K2 are substantially unloaded, but are in any case significantly loaded to a lesser extent than the previously mentioned faces of the race portions 7, 11, 17, 21. However, as a result of the face of the race portions 7, 17, 11 and 21, which face is increased according to the invention, the ellipse 26, in spite of the significant axial load, is not located in the region of the annular shoulders 23, 33, 27, 37. Consequently, there is no wear of the balls and/or the race portions of the inner ring 3 and outer ring 5. In the case of a similar load situation and similar pressure angle displacement, as with bearings known from the prior art (see Figures 3, 4), a critical operating state is not yet reached in the bearing according to the invention. The present statements relating to preferred embodiments and the above description of the Figures relate to two-row bearings. However, the invention further also relates to other, multi-row embodiments of the large roller bearing according to the present invention. In particular, the invention relates to a three-row large roller bearing, which has a third ball row. The third ball row is arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring in a four-point bearing, the third ball row being axially spaced apart with respect to the first ball row and the second ball row, there being associated with the third ball row four race portions which each have a face for receiving the ball race, and the face of
- 18 - a race portion of the third ball row provided in the inner ring being larger than the face of the adjacent race portion of the third ball row provided in the inner ring, respectively, and equal to the face of the race portion of the third ball row provided diametrically opposite in the outer ring, respectively. Preferred embodiments, which have been set out above with reference to two-row embodiments of the large roller bearing, are in a similar manner also intended to be transferred to the three-row embodiment of the large roller bearing. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are preferably adapted to various application fields by means of additional structural details. The large roller bearings according to the invention may thus, for example, have an inner tooth arrangement, an outer tooth arrangement or no tooth arrangement at all. The large roller bearings may have continuous, axially extending securing holes or other, flange-like or radial securing holes. Furthermore, the bearings according to the invention preferably have spacers between the balls or cages for retaining the balls. According to additional preferred embodiments, the large roller bearings according to the invention have lubrication holes for introducing and discharging lubricants, or openings for introducing or removing the balls from the ball rows.
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1 Patentkrav EP2715162 5 10 15 20 25 30 1. Stort rullelager (1), som er konstruert som en multi-rad kulelagersvingkrans for å motta aksiale belastninger, radiale belastninger og vippedreiemomenter, med en ytre ring (5), en indre ring (3), en første rekke med kuler (K1) og en andre kulerekke (K2), der den første kulerekke (K1) og den andre kulerekke (K2) er arrangert slik at de er i aksial avstand i forhold til hverandre i et firepunkts lager, idet den er forbundet med første kulerekke sine fire løpebaner (7, 9, 15, 17) og med den andre kulerekken sine fire løpebaner (11, 13, 19, 21), som hver har en flate for opptagelse av kulebanen, karakterisert ved at flaten av en løpebane (7, 11) anordnet i den indre ring er større enn flaten av den tilstøtende løpebanen (9, 13) anordnet i den indre ring, henholdsvis, og som tilsvarer flaten av løpebanen (17, 21) som er anordnet diametralt motsatt i den ytre ringen, henholdsvis. 2. Stort rullelageret (1) ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at flaten til løpebanen (9, 13) som er anbrakt i den indre ringen (3) er lik forsiden av løpebanen (15, 19) som er anbrakt diametralt motsatt i den ytre ringen (5), henholdsvis. 3. Stor rullelageret (1) ifølge ett av foregående krav, karakterisert ved at den indre ring (3) for den første kulerekke (K1) har en ringformet første indre skulder (23) og en ringformet andre indre skulder (25) som hver avgrenser en av flatene for å motta en kulebane til den første kulerekke (K1), og den indre ringen (3) for den andre kulerekken (K2) har en ringformet tredje indre skulder (27) og en ringformet fjerde indre skulder (29) som hver avgrenser én av flatene for å motta kulebanen til den andre kulerekke (K2), der en maksimum diameter (D4) i den fjerde innvendige skulder (29) er forskjellig fra en maksimal diameter (d1) til den første indre skulder (23). 4. Stor rullelageret (1) ifølge hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at den maksimale diameter (d3) til den tredje indre skulderen (27) er forskjellig fra maksimale diameter (d2) til den andre indre skulderen (25). 35 5. Stor rullelageret (1) ifølge hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at den ytre ring (5) til den første kulerekken (K1) har en første ringformet ytre skulder (31) og en andre ringformet ytre skulder (33) som hver avgrenser en av flatene for mottak av løpebanen til den første kulerekken (K1), og den ytre ring (5) til den andre kulerekken (K2) har en tredje ringformet ytre skulder (35) og
2 en fjerde ringformet ytre skulder (37) som hver avgrenser en av flatene for å motta kulebanen til den andre kulerekken (K2), der den minste diameter (D4) til den fjerde ytre skulder (37) er forskjellig fra den minste diameter (D1) til den første ytre skulder (31). 5 6. Stort rullelager (1) ifølge hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at den minste diameter (D3) til den tredje ytre skulder (35) er forskjellig fra den minste diameter (D2) til det andre, ytre skulder (33). 10 15 20 25 30 35 7. Stort rullelager (1) ifølge hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at den største av de maksimale diametere (d1, d2, d3, d4) til de indre skuldrene (23, 25, 27, 29) er mindre enn eller lik den minste av de minimale diametere (D1, D2, D3, D4) til de ytre skuldrene (31, 33, 35, 37). 8. Stort rullelager (1) ifølge hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at kulene (23) i den første kulerekke(k1) og kulene (24) i den andre kulerekken (K2) er anbrakt langs en første løpesirkeldiameter (DL1). 9. Stort rullelager (1) ifølge krav 8, karakterisert ved at den største av de maksimale diametere (d1, d2, d3, d4) til de indre skuldrene (23, 25, 27, 29) er lik eller i et område opptil 0,5 mm mindre enn den første løpesirkeldiameter (DL1) til den første og andre kulerekke. 10. Stort rullelager (1) ifølge krav 8 eller 9, karakterisert ved at den minste av de minste diametere (D1, D2, D3, D4) til de ytre skuldre (31, 33, 35, 37) er lik eller i et område opptil 0,5 mm større enn den første løpesirkeldiameter (DL1) til første og andre kulerekke. 11. Stort rullelager (1) ifølge krav 9 eller 10, karakterisert ved at den maksimale diameter (d1) til den første indre skulderen (23) er lik den maksimale diameter (d3) til den tredje indre skulder (27), og større enn den største diameter (d2, d4) til den andre og fjerde indre skulder (25, 29), henholdsvis. 12. Stort rullelageret (1) ifølge hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at den minste diameter (D2) til den andre ytre skulder (33) er lik den minste diameter (D4) til den fjerde ytre skulder (37), og mindre enn den minste diameter (D1, D3) av den første og tredje ytre skulder (31, 35), henholdsvis.
3 5 13. Stort rullelager (1) ifølge hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at kulene (23) i den første kulerekke (K1) er anbrakt langs den første løpesirkeldiameter (DL1) og kulene (24) til den andre kulerekke(k2) er anordnet langs en andre løpesirkeldiameter (DL2), som er forskjellig fra diameteren (DL1) til den første kulerekken (K1). 10 15 20 25 30 35 14. Stort rullelager (1) ifølge krav 13, karakterisert ved at den maksimale diameter (d1) til den første indre skulderen (23) er større enn den maksimale diameter (d2) til den andre indre skulder (25), og den maksimale diameter (D3) til den tredje indre skulder (27) er større enn den maksimale diameter (D4) til den fjerde innvendige skulder (29). 15. Stort rullelager (1) ifølge krav 13 eller krav 14, karakterisert ved at den minste diameter (D4) til den fjerde ytre skulder (37) er mindre enn den minste diameter (D3) til den tredje ytre skulder (35), og den minste diameter (D2) til den andre ytre skulder (33) er mindre enn den minste diameter (D1) til den første ytre skulder (31). 16. Stort rullelager (1) ifølge hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at den første kulerekken (K1) omfatter kuler (23) som har en første kulediameter, og den andre kulerekken (K2) omfatter kuler (24) som har en andre kulediameter som er forskjellig fra den første kulediameter. 17. Stort rullelager (1) ifølge hvilket som helst av de foregående krav, karakterisert ved at det store rullelageret (1) har ett eller flere ekstra kulerekker, der den ene eller flere kulerekker er anbrakt med aksial innbyrdes avstand i forhold til hverandre i et firepunkts lager, idet de er forbundet med en kulerekke sine fire løpebaner som hver har en flate for opptagelse av kulebanen, og flaten til en løpebane som er anbrakt i den indre ringen er større enn flaten til den tilstøtende løpebanen som er anbrakt i den indre ring, og som tilsvarer flaten til den diametralt motsatte løpebanen som er anbrakt i den ytre ringen. 18. Vindmølle som har et tårn som har et tårnhode og en gondol som er konfigurert til å motta en rotor, der gondolen er roterbart understøttet i forhold til tårnet ved hjelp av et asimutlager, karakterisert ved at asimutlageret er konstruert som et stort rullelager (1) ifølge et hvilket som helst som helst av kravene 1 til 17.