Language course NIH. Part 4. Anne- Beate Stenstøen

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1 Language course NIH Part 4 Anne- Beate Stenstøen

2 PAST TENSE Past tense of Norwegian verbs fall into two large categories: REGULAR and IRREGULAR. REGULAR VERBS Regular verbs are verbs that maintain the same vowel in the stem of the verb. To make the past tense you add an ending with et, te, de, dde. INFINITIVE PRESENT PAST å jobbe jobber jobbet å spise spiser spiste å prøve prøver prøvde å bo bor bodde IRREGULAR VERBS Many common verbs in Norwegian have irregular forms for the past tense. You can`t guess the form, so you have to learn each of them. INFINITIVE PRESENT PAST å dra drar dro å drikke drikker drakk å få får fikk å gjøre gjør gjorde å gå går gikk å komme kommer kom å se ser så å sitte sitter satt å være er var Exercise 1 Try to translate the sentences into past tense Jeg jobber i Oslo. Han bor på Skøyen Hun går til jobben. De spiser kjøttkaker. 2

3 Verbs from part 1-4 Norwegian begynne begynner - begynte betale betaler - betalte bo bor - bodde bruke bruker - brukte dra drar - dro drikke drikker - drakk få får - fikk gjøre gjør - gjorde glede seg gleder seg gledet seg gå går - gikk ha har - hadde handle handler - handlet hete heter - het invitere inviterer - inviterte jobbe jobber - jobbet kjøpe kjøper - kjøpte komme kommer - kom koste koster - kostet lage lager - laget lese leser - leste like liker - likte planlegge planlegger - planla pleie pleier - pleide se ser - så servere serverer- serverte slappe av slapper av slappet av smake smaker- smakte spise spiser - spiste starte starter - startet studere studerer - studerte svømme svømmer - svømte sykle sykler - syklet ta tar - tok trene trener - trente være er - var ønske seg ønsker seg ønsket seg English begin pay live, stay use go (in the meaning of going somewhere) drink get do look forward to walk have shop be named invite work buy come cost make read like plan use to (do something) see,, look, watch serve relax taste eat start study swim bike take train, work out be want (for your self) 3

4 THE USE OF PAST TENSE Past tense is used to describe events that began and ended at a given time in the past, or events that is definitely ended. If you can get an answer asking a question with when something happened, you have to use the past tense. Jeg bodde i Oslo i fjor ( I lived in Oslo last year.) Når bodde du i Oslo? (When did you live in Oslo?) Norwegian does not use the past continuous form. (was eating) Some useful phrases that always require past tense I dag tidlig this morning I fjor last year I går yesterday I går kveld last evening I forrige uke last week forrige helg last weekend for.siden ago for en måned siden a month ago for to år siden two years ago tidligere earlier før before da when (in past) Jeg drakk kaffe i dag tidlig. Han jobbet i Tyskland i fjor. I går var hun i Oslo. Jeg slappet av i går kveld. De dro på ferie i forrige uke. Forrige helg så jeg en film. De kjøpte et hus for en måned siden. For to år siden studerte hun på universitetet. Tidligere pleide jeg å sykle hver dag. Før hun kom til Norge, bodde hun i USA. Da han var på ferie, drakk han mye vin. 4

5 Exercise 2 Please try to say these sentences in Norwegian. I bought a jacket yesterday. Last year she worked in Sweden. I made fish for dinner last night. He relaxed last week. They got a cat four days ago. 5 years ago we lived in Denmark. Last weekend we went to Paris. Before she came here she was watching a film. He was here 5 minutes ago. The difference between her/hit and der/dit With a verb expressing motion you have to use hit/dit. Jeg kom hit i går. (I came here yesterday) Jeg var her i går. (I was here yesterday.) Jeg dro dit for to dager siden. (I went there two days ago.) Jeg var der for to dager siden. (I was there two days ago.) 5

6 Kari hadde middagsgjester. I går kveld inviterte Kari noen venner på middag. Hun serverte stekt kylling med ris, grønnsaker og saus. Alle sa at det smakte veldig godt. De drakk rødvin til maten. Til dessert spiste de bringebær med vaniljesaus. Deilig! I kveld skal Kari spise ute med en venninne. De har planlagt å gå på en ny restaurant i sentrum. Kari gleder seg. Exercise 3 Hva gjorde Kari i går? Spiste Karis venner fisk til middag? Likte gjestene maten? Hva skal Kari gjøre i kveld? Exercise 4 Use the vocabulary list at next page and tell the person beside you what you bought yesterday. Example: Hva kjøpte du i går? Jeg kjøpte. Hvor mye kostet det? Det kostet 6

7 Shopping for groceries agurk, en appelsin, en bakepulver banan, en biff, en blomkål, en bringebær, et brokkoli, en brød, et drue, en eple, et fisk, en frukt, en gjær, en gryterett, en grønnsak, en gulrot, en jordbær, et juice, en kjøttdeig, en kylling, en kål, en laks, en løk, en margarin, en mel, et melk, en ost, en pasta, en potet, en pølse, en salat, en saus, en smør, et syltetøy, et torsk, en tunfisk, en ørret, en cucumber orange baking powder banana steak cauliflower raspberry broccoli bread grape apple fish fruit yeast stew vegetable carrot strawberry juice minced meat chicken cabbage salmon onion margarine flour milk cheese pasta potato sausage salad sauce butter jam cod tuna trout 7

8 Outdoor life in Norway. Nature and outdoor life is an important part of the country`s national identity. This is actually not only a myth spun by the tourist industry, it is a fact, but why? To understand the unique position nature has in the Norwegian self- image, we have to look at more than one reason. The old times Earlier, being out in the nature was a part of daily work. Fishing, hunting and berry picking was a necessity to survive. In the little leisure time people had, they stayed at home and relaxed. To create a nation After 1850 a wave of nationalism rolled across Europe, and many small countries decided on defining themselves as nations with the right to full political freedom. This was Norway`s intention as well, but what could a country with no rich military, cultural and political history built a nation on? This is where nature comes in to the picture. National poets started to write poems celebrating the mountains, and painters portrayed wild Norwegian scenery. In this way Norway`s national identity gradually took the form of a lifestyle characterized by closeness to and respect for the nature. Skiing as a national sport Skiing has been a natural part of daily life in thousands of year. In 1747 permanent army ski companies were established in Southern Norway, and ski soldiers were for a long time an important part of the Norwegian Army. When people got more leisure time (especially in the cities) as a result of industrial growth and technological developments, skiing became very fashionable in the middle classes. From the ties ski- clubs, ski- cabins and ski- competition emerged, and when the Holmenkollen Line opened in 1898 skiing had become a mass phenomenon. Being a Norwegian was the same as being a skier. Outdoor life today Friluftsliv is defined as physical activity in the nature, mainly in the leisure time. Still; a Norwegian will probably not put the same into the term as a foreigner. To a Norwegian, go for a walk in the forest with the dog is not necessarily friluftsliv. You have just been walking the dog Since outdoor life is such an important part of our identity, we have to bring it on to the next generation and learn them the Norwegian mentality through two very central sayings : Ut på tur, aldri sur! and Det finnes ikke dårlig vær, bare dårlige klær! 8

9 Exercise 5 Present or past? Listen to the audio file and indicate if the statements below are right or wrong. 1) They came three hours ago. 2) We went there yesterday. 3) The coming weekend she is going to Tromsø. 4) What did you do yesterday evening? 5) I worked a lot last week. 6) They are going home in two days. Right Wrong Modal auxiliaries, once more. Modal auxiliaries are also used in past tense. Jeg kunne ikke gjøre det i går. (I was not able to do it yesterday.) Han ville ikke jobbe her i fjor. (He did not want to work here last year.) Vi måtte handle mye forrige helg. (We had to shop a lot last weekend.) Hun skulle lage middag for noen timer siden. (She was going to cook dinner some hours ago. Exercise 6 Please try to say this in Norwegian. I was going to see a movie yesterday evening. They didn`t want to read the book a year ago. She was not able to train last week. Two years ago we had to buy a house. I couldn`t find the flour. I was going to buy chicken yesterday, but it was sold out. 9

10 Exercise 7 Present or past? Listen to the audio file and indicate if the statements below are right or wrong. 1) I was able to come two hours ago. 2) We had to work yesterday evening. 3) Last weekend they wanted to relax. 4) I am going to Krakow the coming weekend. 5) He is going there in some hours. 6) I could plan the party last week. Right Wrong Exercise 8 Svar på spørsmålene. (Answer the questions.) Hva spiste du til frokost i dag tidlig? Hva pleier du å spise til lunsj? Hva gjorde du i går kveld? Hva skal du gjøre i ettermiddag? Hva gjorde du forrige helg? 10

11 Exercise 9 Listen to the audio file and write the numbers you hear in to the sentences. Jeg kjøpte Vi trenger Kjøttdeigen kostet Det er Vi har Det er De kjøpte Vi skal ha bananer. pakker med gjær. kroner. gang han inviterer oss på middag. kg. mel. gulrøtter i pakken. desember spiser vi grøt til lunsj. appelsiner. venner på middag. Exercise 10 Listen to the audio file, and try to answer the questions about Hanna. Hvorfor bodde Hanna i Bergen i fjor? Hva gjorde Hanna forrige helg? Hva skal Hanna gjøre til helgen? 11