Oppgaver Oppgavetype Vurdering Status 1 OF / Flervalg Automatisk poengsum Levert

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1 OF Oversetting norsk - fremmedspråk Kandidat-ID: 7505 Oppgaver Oppgavetype Vurdering Status 1 OF / Flervalg Automatisk poengsum Levert 2 OF / Skriveoppgave Manuell poengsum Levert OF Oversetting norsk - fremmedspråk Emnekode OF-308 Vurderingsform OF-308 Starttidspunkt: :45 Sluttidspunkt: :45 Sensurfrist PDF opprettet :24 Opprettet av Kristina Andersen Antall sider 8 Oppgaver inkludert Ja Skriv ut automatisk rettede Ja 1

2 Seksjon 1 1 OPPGAVE OF / Emnekode: OF-308 Emnenavn: Oversetting norsk - fremmedspråk Dato: 15. Desember 2015 Varighet: 4 timer Tillatte hjelpemidler: alle (inkl. internett), dog ikke innbyrdes kommunikasjon Merknader: Det forekommer av og til spørsmål om bruk av eksamensbesvarelser til undervisnings- og læringsformål. Universitetet trenger kandidatens tillatelse til at besvarelsen kan benyttes til dette. Besvarelsen vil være anonym. Tillater du at din eksamensbesvarelse blir brukt til slikt formål? Ja Nei OF Oversetting norsk - fremmedspråk Page 2 av 8

3 2 OPPGAVE OF / Write your answer here: BESVARELSE Finnemarka - a presentation The name "Finnemarka" originally derives from the areas around Lake Glitre in the Norwegian county of Buskerud where Finns settled in the middle of the seventeenth century, however in this book the whole area between Tyrifjord, Drammensvassdraget and Lierdalen in Buskerud is referred to as Finnemarka. Important industries The important industries in the region of Finnemarka are animal husbandry, hunting, and last but not least, forestry. You can read more about hunting in the chapter on fauna. In the early days there were mountain pastures here and the impact on grazing land was completely different to what it is today. (You can read more about this in the chapter on cow calls and cowbells). Despite this, more than 6,500 grazing animals still walk around the summer pastures and enjoy themselves with a bit of green grass. Fortunately, since these vegetarians stop the vegetation from becoming overgrown in the areas they visit the most. These animals can be seen in all the five municipalities of the Finnemarka area, but they are more seldom seen in the municipalities of Nedre Eiker and Drammen. In the municipality of Drammen the obligation to put up a fence is not enforced, and the cattle grids there have been filled with gravel. Sometimes, animals may come down to the gardens of private houses in the Drammen boroughs of Bråtan and Underlia and create havoc. Among the farm animals in this area, there are 6,000 sheep, approximately 500 cattle, and a few horses. The last ten years the total number of farm animals has generally varied between 6,000 and 7,000 animals. The owners of these farm animals have organized themselves in Finnemarka Mountain Farmers' Union, and a grazing plan has been set up which regulates grazing in the entire area. Cow calls, cowbells and cabins It was not just the Finns that made use of Finnemarka, there have been permanent settlements here long before the Finns immigrated to the area. For many centuries, the farmers in the village used Finnemarka actively for mountain pastures, and near the end of the 1880s the first mountain cabins were built here. Today the era of mountain pastures is long gone, however, there are more than a thousand cabins in Finnemarka. It is difficult to determine when the first cow call could be heard in Finnemarka, but some claim that mountain dairy farming is as old as Norwegian agriculture. Among the oldest documents to describe mountain pastures in Finnemarka is a document from 1333 which defined borderlines in Eiker, a historical district located in the county of Buskerud. This document established that the farm of Lilleby would share its grazing fields and mountain pasture with the farms of Lerberg and Hobbelstad. According to old mountain pasture registers it OF Oversetting norsk - fremmedspråk Page 3 av 8

4 looks as though all the mountain pastures were located within the correct municipality border. Therefore, it may simply look like the municipality borders in Finnemarka are actually borders between old mountain pastures. Mountain pastures All the five municipalities of Finnemarka have at one point been home to mountain pastures. If you look at a map you will see many references to mountain pastures. A majority of the farms in the lowlying village had a pasture in the forest, like mountain farms would have a mountain pasture. This took place because farmers wanted to take advantage of the outlying grazing fields in the forest areas for their cattle and sheep. At that time, farmers would not leave the animals in the forest and then come back to retrieve them again in autumn. In stead, they would move with the animals, live in the mountain pasture, and keep and eye on them there. Remember that this occured at a time when there were large predators in Finnemarka. Farmers could not be compensated if they lost some of their livestock because of these predators, so they had to look after the animals themselves. Source: Helgesen, Tom, og Tom Schandy Fantastiske Finnemarka. Vestfossen: Forlaget Tom & Tom Reflection note Introduction This text deals with an area in Norway called Finnemarka. It also talks about animal husbandry in the region and the history connected with it. The text is an informative text in that it attempts to explain to the reader certai concepts related to life in Finnemarka. Allthough some of its content may be a little heavy, it is not written in a very formal style. The informative elements and the style boh needed to be explained as it was in the source text. Global translation strategies When translating this text I made a series of translation choices, both global and local. One of the issues I encountered was to explain to a non-norwegian the geography of the text. Whereas most Norwegians would know where Drammen, Tyrifjorden and Drammensvassdraget are located, an Englishman or an American most likely would not know that Glitre and Finnemarka are located in the Norwegian county of Buskerud, that Eiker is a historical district, or that Bråtan and Underlia are boroughs of Drammen. Consequently, this needs to be explained in the text so that readers know that Buskerud is a municipality and that Glitre, for instance, is a lake. I decided to change the order of some of the senteces so that it would hopefully flow better in the English translation. For example, "Jakt kan du lese mer om..." became "You can read more about hunting..." which has a much better idiomatic feeling to it and flows better in English where sentence structure is a little more fixed than it generally is in Norwegian. I also had a problem with the first sentence in the second paragraph, "Når det gjelder næringsmessig virksomhet... The sentence in Norwegian was difficult to reproduce exactly as it is in Norwegian into English, so I made the choice of altering the entire sentence into "The important industries in the region of Finnemark are...". This sentence gets straight to the point and is perhaps a bit more informative than the Norwegian sentence which, considering its length and extensive use of commas is perhaps a bit more difficult to read. The sentence in the target text, however, is hopefully a bit more clear and informative. OF Oversetting norsk - fremmedspråk Page 4 av 8

5 Local translation stragegies Some of the vocabulary in this text was rather difficult to translate since much of it relates to concepts that are unique to Norway. Words like "beitelag", "beitetrykk", "setring" and "gjerdeplikt" are examples of such words in the text. Even within Norway these words are not very common. I interpreted "Beitelag" as some kind of an organised union so therefore this became a union in my translated text. I believe that this term roughly captures the idea of what a "lag" in other English-speaking countries might be. "Bjelleklang" was a word that could cause confusion if I translated this into "jingle bells" as this is very connected with Christmas in English-speaking countries. A better translation perhaps, is "cowbells" in this context. I considered using sheep bell, however to my knowledge a cowbell can be a general term for any bell attached to an animal. Therefore I went with the word "cowbell" in my translation. Conclusion When translating this text I tried to think of what the equivalent word, idiom or phrase for any term would be in English and how it would be written there. I attempted to explain many of the concepts that would otherwise be unknown to a native English-speaker so that he or she would be able to better understand this text. Finally, it may be argued that the choices I made in this translation were made to stay true to the original text while at the same time attempting to keep the target text as idiomatic as possible. Denne oppgaven inneholder en PDF. Se neste side. OF Oversetting norsk - fremmedspråk Page 5 av 8

6 Translate the following text into English and write a reflection about your translation. The reflection should be between 200 and 300 words in length. Finnemarka en presentasjon Navnet Finnemarka stammer opprinnelig fra områdene rundt Glitre der finnene slo seg ned på midten av 1600-tallet, men I denne boka har hele marka mellom Tyrifjorden, Drammensvassdraget og Lierdalen fått betegnelsen Finnemarka. ( ) Næringsmessig betydning Når det gjelder næringsmessig virksomhet i marka, er det beite av husdyr, jakt og ikke minst skogsdrift som har betydning. Jakt kan du lese mer om i kapitlet om faunaen. I tidligere tider var det setervirksomhet og et helt annet beitetrykk i Finnemarka enn i dag. (Se mer om dette i kapitlet om kulokk og bjelleklang.) Likevel går det fremdeles over 6500 beitedyr i Finnemarka sommerstid og koser seg med friskt gress. Heldigvis, for disse vegetarianerne klarer å holde gjengroingen i sjakk i de områdene de ferdes mest. Dyrene kan påtreffes i alle de fem Finnemarka-kommunene, men mer sparsommelig i Nedre Eiker og Drammen. I Drammen kommune blir heller ikke gjerdeplikten lenger opprettholdt, og feristene er fylt igjen med grus. Det kommer gjerne noen sauer ned i villahagene på Bråtan og i Underlia år om annet og lager furore. Husdyrene fordeler seg med ca sau, rundt 500 storfe og noen hester, og de siste ti årene har totalantallet stort sett ligget på mellom 6000 og 7000 dyr. Husdyreierne er for øvrig organisert i Finnemarka beitelag, og det er laget en felles beitebruksplan som regulerer beitebruken i hele området. ( ) Kulokk, bjelleklang og hytter Det var ikke bare finnene som brukte Finnemarka, for her har det vært fast bosetting lenge før finneinnvandringen. I flere århundrer brukte nemlig bøndene i bygda marka aktivt i forbindelse med setring, og på slutten av tallet ble også de første fritidshyttene bygd. I dag er setringen for lengst slutt, men det er over 1000 fritidshytter i Finnemarka. Det er vanskelig å tidsfeste når den første kulokken hørtes inne i marka, men det hevdes at seterbruket er like gammelt som jordbruket her i Norge. Blant de eldste dokumentene som beskriver setring i Finnemarka, er et dokument fra 1333 om grenseoppgang fra Eiker. Her ble det fastslått at gården Lilleby skulle ha mark og seter sammen med gårdene Lerberg og Hobbelstad. Ut fra gamle seterlister ser det ut som om alle setrer lå innenfor den riktige kommunegrensa. Det kan rett og slett se ut som om kommunegrensene i Finnemarka egentlig er gamle setermarksgrenser. OF Oversetting norsk - fremmedspråk Page 6 av 8

7 Setrer Alle de fem Finnemarka-kommunene har hatt setring. Ta for deg kartet, og du vil se mange referanser til setrer. Det var slik at et flertall av gårdene nede i bygda hadde ei seter til skogs, akkurat som fjellgårder hadde seter til fjells. Dette var selvfølgelig for å utnytte utmarksbeitene i skogsområdene for storfe og sau. Den gang sendte man ikke dyra til skogs og hentet dem om høsten. Nei, man flyttet med dyra, bodde på setra, gjette og passet på dem. Husk at dette foregikk på en tid da det fantes store rovdyr i Finnemarka. Det fantes ingen erstatningsordning for tap av husdyr til rovdyr, så man måtte passe på dyra selv. ( ) Fra: Helgesen, Tom, og Tom Schandy Fantastiske Finnemarka. Vestfossen: Forlaget Tom & Tom. OF Oversetting norsk - fremmedspråk Page 7 av 8

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