Hvilken forskning og monitorering foregår? Hvilke dataserier eksisterer? Hvilken forskning og monitorering kan komme til at foregå?

Transkript

1 SIAEOS: Terrestriske observasjonsplattformer og dataserier på Svalbard - integrering av meteorologi, permafrost og landskapsutvikling med biologi Hvilken forskning og monitorering foregår? Hvilke dataserier eksisterer? Hvilken forskning og monitorering kan komme til at foregå? Stab fra Arctic Biology, Arctic Geophysics and Arctic Geology Universitetssenteret på Svalbard, UNIS 1

2 Current UNIS meteorological stations around Longyearbyen Meteorological station used to study exchange processes between the sea and the atmosphere A new station (10 m with measurements at several levels) will replace a 10 year old station this spring. Gives a valuable contribution to a terrestrial observational platform in Adventdalen Normal meteorological stations Meteorological stations used to study exchange processes in connection with avalanches within the project CRYOLSLOPE 2

3 Online forskjellige forsknings og monitorerings stasjoner på Svalbard 3

4 Energy exchange processes between terrestrial ground and the atmosphere Important for all terrestrial scientific activity, including biological and geological studies. The physical exchange processes are badly described in today s climate models. In order to improve the uncertainty involved in estimated climate change, more measurements and a more thorough understanding of the exchange processes are needed. Due to highly local conditions on Svalbard, a few representative focus areas should be defined in co-operation with other terrestrial projects. The problem with the current stations is that they use different instruments and measuring techniques, and only a few of them can be used for energy exchange studies. A standard therefore needs to be developed and implemented at the focus areas 4

5 Permafrost Observatory Project: A contribution to The Thermal State of Permafrost in Norway and in Svalbard (TSP Norway) Project focus: 1) Permafrost temperatures in boreholes - snapshot 2) Permafrost landform activity 3) Permafrost observatories in Troms and in Svalbard 4) National permafrost database 5) Permafrost modelling first permafrost map of Norway 6) Permafrost Int. University Course in Svalbard and Greenland 5

6 TSP Norway 8 new and 2 existing boreholes in different landforms Longyearbyen Adventdalen permafrost temp. dataseries 6

7 Ny-Ålesund NÅ-B-1 10 m Adventdalen / Longyeardalen area Kapp Linne 1 KL-B-1 30 m Kapp Linne 2 KL-B-2 38 m Kapp Linne 3 KL-B-3 4 m Colesbukta 1 CB-B-1 Not instr. Colesbukta 2 CB-B-2 Not instr. Nordenskioldland Permafrost Observatory Norsk Permafrost Database: NORPERM inneholder alle TSP Norway 14 borehuller ialt 207 m fra Svalbard 7

8 Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) in Svalbard since 2000 UNISCALM 8

9 Thaw progression in the UNISCALM Probed from 8 to 15 times annually Active layer average: 94 cm, min: 74 cm, max: 105 cm 9

10 CRYOSLOPE Svalbard Climate change effects on high arctic mountain slope processes and their impact on traffic in Svalbard Konsept: -) Første systematiske registrering av skråningsprosesser (vinter og sommer) og detail meteorologi udført av forskere som bor i feltområdet. -) Første detail geomorfologiske kart til planerings formål bidrage til skrednett.no -) Bruke skråningslandskapsformer som arkiver datering av tidligere aktivitet -) Scenarier for fremtidig skråningsaktivitet. NFR Norklima prosjekt

11 CRYOSLOPE Svalbard feltområde 11

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13 Building the first systematic database with all slope activity to access meteorological control on snow avalanches 13

14 Reconstruction of past ecosystems in lake sediments of Kongressvatnet Kapp Linné/Isjord Radio used as logistics platform High logistics demands: coring equipment, snowmobiles, technical support 14

15 Environmental biological research facilities and dataseries Currently: Open Top Chambers (ITEX) Only small scale experiments possible Needs a net of meteorological stations ITEX, Point Barrow 15

16 Macro-scale environmental research facilities Technology exist to make environmental experiments on macro scale Research facilities located close to Longyearbyen or Ny-Ålesund. Manipulate: ambient temperature soil temperature precipitation snow cover wind speed etc. LTER Munich International Rice Research Institute, Philippines 16

17 Laboratory facilities I Sample preparation room/wet lab for handling dirty samples e.g. soil and water, frozen samples, bedrock laboratory 17

18 Laboratory facilities II Phytotrons and climate chambers for studies of live plants and animals 18

19 Laboratory facilities III Physiology / clean lab 1) Bench space for electronic equipment Gas chromatograph / HPLC Physiological equipment» Low temperature physiology» Thermal hysteresis» Metabolic characteristics 2) Sinks (plumbed with fresh and salt water)/ extraction hoods / Incubators / gas supply 19

20 Laboratory facilities IV Molecular laboratory for studies of gene expression. PolarBOLI - Polar Barcode of Life. Climate change threats biodiversity. Use DNA to identify species. Centre of Arctic Barcoding at UNIS 20

21 Additional basic facilities Access to digital elevation model for Svalbard Access to all aerial photographs of Svalbard Access satellite images from Svalbard 21

22 Long-term environmental climate and biological monitoring A parallel to the Zackenberg ZERO concept (Zackenberg Ecological Research operations) BioBasis, ClimateBasis, GeoBasis, GlacioBasis, MarineBasis Framework for all other scientific activities 22

23 Monitoring along climatic gradient One station in each bioclimatic zone One should be located next to environmental manipulations facilities 23

24 Terrestrial investments Environmental research facilities Laboratory facilities Setup of monitoring Field equipment Technicians to take care of research facilities. Staff to gather and organize the time series data. 24