ABSTRACT. Thai J. For. 26 : 1-11 (2007) 26: 1-11 (2550)

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1 Thai J. For. 26 : 1-11 (2007) 26: 1-11 (2550) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก Clumps and Culms Establishment of Gigantochloa albociliata and Cephalostachyum pergracile after Gregarious Flowering in the Mixed Deciduous Forest at Mae Klong Watershed Research Station, Kanchanaburi Province 1 Arisa Tonwoot 1 ก ก 1 Dokrak Marod 1 1 ก ก ก Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand, dokrak.m@ku.ac.th ABSTRACT All studies were conducted at Mae Klong Watershed Research Station, Kanchanaburi province during June 2005 to October The 20 sample plots of 1 m x 1 m were used for both species in each different site, open gap and under crown canopy. All clumps were dug from the sample plots and washed to measure the size according to their ages and species for their growth analyses. Light conditions were taken by hemispherical photos at the same sites both in the rainy and dry. The results showed that growth of bamboos was highly correlated to their aged clumps. Their growth was significantly different between the sites for both Gigantochloa albociliata and Cephalostachyum pergracile (Z = and , p < 0.001, respectively). Light intensity played an important role on clump establishment. The standard overcast sky distribution (SOC %) was higher in the dry season than in the rainy season of both areas; open gap (16.26 and 7.75%, respectively) and under crown canopy (4.21 and 2.18%, respectively). To estimate the period on clump establishment, the growth rate equations were analyzed and applied. The results showed that both G. albociliata and C. pergracile rapidly succeeded to establish in the short time period, especially under gap condition, ± and ± 0.87 years, respectively and much longer time under the crown canopy condition, ±0.70 and ± 2.05 years, respectively. To promote the bamboo plantations, thus, light intensity in the planting sites should be considered as the principle components. In addition, sources of planting matenals are also important in rough approximation of flowering periods. Keywords: Gigantochloa albociliata, Cephalostachyum pergracile, mixed deciduous forest, forest dynamics, bamboo flowering

2 2 Thai J. For. 26 : 1-11 (2007) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก x 1 ก ก 20 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Z= , p < 0.001, ) ก ก ก ก ก กก ( % ) ( % ) กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ± ± 0.87 ก ก ก 66.74? ? 2.05 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก : ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (monocarpic species) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1) ก ก 2) ก ก 3) ก กก (Marod et al., 2005) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

3 26: 1-11 (2550) 3 ก (mature clump) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 (Gigantochloa albociliata) (Cephalostachyum pergracile) ก ก (Marod et al., 2005) ก ก ก (forest dynamics) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( 10 ) ก ก ก ก (longevity) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 109 ก ก , ก (Table 1) ( ก, 2549) Table 1. Climatic data of Mae Klong Watershed Research Station during

4 4 Thai J. For. 26 : 1-11 (2007) 4 1) (mixed deciduous forest) ก (Tectona grandis) ก ก ก (G. albociliata) ก (G. hasskarliana) (Bambusa tulda) (C. pergracile) 2) (deciduous dipterocarp forest) (Shorea obtusa) (S. siamensis) ก (Quercus kerrii) ก ก (Vitex peduncularis) 3) (dry evergreen forest) ก ก (Dipterocarpus turbinatus) (D. alatus) (Parashorea stellata) (Hopea odorata) 4) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Suksawang, 1993) ก (Trema orientalis) ก (Musa acuminata) (Eupatorium odoratum) (Arundo donax) (climbers) ( ก ก, 2538) ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก (treatments) (open gap) ก ก (under crown canopy) ก 1 x 1 20 ก ก ก ก ก (diameter at basal height, Do) ก ก ก ก ก (sympodial rhizome) ก 2 ก ก 1 3 ก ก 2 (Figure 1) ก ก ก ก ก ก (McClure,1966 ) Figure 1. The characteristics of sympodial rhizome bamboos and the estimation of aged culms. Source: McClure (1966).

5 26: 1-11 (2550) 5 ก ก ก ก (exponential) ก ก ก (exponential growth) Y = ae rx Y = ก ( ) X = ก ( ) a r = ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (fisheye lens) ก (standard overcast sky distribution, SOC%) ก ก FEW 52 b (Ishizuka and Kanazawa, 1991) ก ก ก ก ก ก Kruskal Wallis Test ก ก ก ก ก Mann-Whitney U Test ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Table 2) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 1 ก (Z= -0.89, p=0.369) กก ก ก ก 1 ก ก ก 8 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก Y = e (x), R2 = Y = e (x), R 2 = (Figure 2) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ± ± 0.70 ก 6 ก ก ก

6 6 Thai J. For. 26 : 1-11 (2007) ก ก ก ก Y = e (x), R2 = Y = e 0.132(x), R2 = (Figure 2) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ± 2.05 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (suppress sapling clumps) ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 2 ก ก 1 10 (p< 0.001) (Table 2) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 10 ก Y = 0.186e (X), R2 = 0.97 Y = 0.168e 0.159(X), R2 = 0.97 (Figure 3) ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ± ± 0.47 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก กก Marod et al., (2005) ก ก ก ก 1, % ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

7 26: 1-11 (2550) 7 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (, 2534) ก ก ก ก (, 2535) ก ก ก (, 2542; Salisbury and Ross, 1992) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (, 2544; Marod et al., 1999) ก ก ก ก ก ก (, 2548) ก ก ก 0.99 (Marod et al., 2005) ก ก (, 2528) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ก ) ( ก ) ก ก ก ก ( กก 40 ) ก ก ก กก ก ก (Kozlowski et al., 1991) ก ก ก (dormancy clump) ก ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก (standard overcast sky distribution, SOC%) ก ก (Z= -4.57, p< 0.001) (Z= -4.70, p< 0.001) ก ก ก ก ก Marod et al., (2002)

8 8 Thai J. For. 26 : 1-11 (2007) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (Z = -0.53, p = 0.594) ก (Z = , p < 0.001) ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก (Marod et al., 1999;, 2528) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก Oliver and Larsen (1996) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก (p < 0.001) ก 1 ก ก (Z=-0.89, p=0.369) ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( Z= -4.57, p< 0.001) ก (Z= -4.70, p< 0.001) ( ) ( ) ก ก ก ก ก (Z= , p < 0.001, ) ก ก กก ก (suppress clump) ก 10 ก ก ก ก ก (p< 0.001) ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก

9 26: 1-11 (2550) 9 ก Y = e (x), R Y = e (x), R ก ก ก ก ก ± ± 0.87 ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ( ± 0.44 ) ก ก ก ก ก กก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก 4-5 ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก ก., ก ก. : http//www. forest.go.th/private/taken3.htm, ก ก 3 ก., ก ก ก ก ก ก., ก , ก. ก ก. ก, ก SPSS., ก.

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11 26: 1-11 (2550) 11 J. Watson Comparative physiological studies on the growth of field crops I. Variation in net assimilateion rate and leaf area between species and varieties, and within and between years. Ann. Bot. 11: Pearcy, R.W Sunflecks and photosynthesis in plant canopies. Annual Review of Plant Physiology. Plant Mol. Biol. 41: Salisbury, F.B. and C.W. Ross, Plant Physiology. Wadsworth Publishing Company, California. Suksawang, S Site Overview: Thong Phaphoom Study Site. Royal Forest Department, Bangkok.