EU prosjektet BERAS Implementation et helhetlig ökologisk alternativ for landbruk, mat og bygdeutvikling Kommunesamlingen 2013 Framtidstro og vekst landbruk i hele Buskerud! 13 og 14 februar 2013 Jostein Hertwig, Head BERAS Secretariate
EU program:baltic Sea Region Programme 2007 2013 www.eu.baltic.net Prosjektnavn: BERAS Implementation # 53, www.beras.eu Prosjektperiode: September 2010 september 2013 Prosjektpartnere: 24 Ass. Organisasjoner: 35 Totalt Budsjett: 4.4 millioner euro
Hovedelementer i prosjektet Forskning Undervisningsprogrammer Rådgivning Praktiske tiltak - Bygdeutvikling Sustainable Food Societies - Østersjøvennlig mat ( offentlig sektor og privat sektor) Internasjonalt nettverk
Et hav i ubalanse
The problem Phytoplankton bloom 2/18/2013 AG
. Minskende oksygen og död havbunn Oxygen deficiency Source: Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. www.internat.naturvardsverket.se/documents/pollutants/overgod/eutro/havsyree.html 2/18/2013 AG
Gross load nitrogen BSR from human activities Year 2000: 562 000 tonnes (Tot 822 000 incl backgr 260 000) N%/P% 2001-2006 Aver. annual 641 000 tonnes 10 % 8 % 13 % 0 % 2 % 59 % agriculture forestry deposition priv ww industries Agricult. 59/55 8 % munic ww fishfarms Privat waste 2001-2006 Aver. annual 30 200 tonnes Gross load phosphorus BSR from human activities Year 2000: 29 000 tonnes (Tot 40 000 incl backgr 11 000) (HELCOM 2005) 10/14 4 % 24 % 14 % 0 % 55 % agriculture forestry deposition priv ww industries munic ww Municip al waste 13/24 2 % 1 % fishfarms 2/18/2013 AG
Ha N kg/ha N kg/ha 140 120 N-surplus kg/ha Swedish Agriculture 1950-2010 N-surplus kg/ha conventional Swedish Agriculture 1950-2010 140 120 Tot. input 100 80 60 40 20 0 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 0 5 10 Tot. input Imp. fodder Artifiz. fertilizer Output agric prod 100 80 60 40 20 0 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 0 5 10 Imp. fodder + artific. fertilizer Artific. fertilizer 600 500 400 300 Output200 agric. 100 prod. 0 Ecological agriculture Sweden 90 95 0 5 10 9
Average annual waterborne inputs of nitrogen and phosphorus from rivers and coastal point sources in 2006. The visualization of the distribution of the inputs to the sea area is based on a simple linear extrapolation of the inputs (tonnes) (Helcom proc 122 PLC 5 2010
Noen årsaker
Specialized crop farm 150 N 100 N 2/18/2013 AG 50 N
Specialized animal production 200 N Fodder Fertilizers 50 N 150 N 2/18/2013 AG
Nkg/ha Increased surplus and losses Input - Output Agricultural Sweden In Sweden, from 1950 to 1980 the average use of artificial nitrogen fertilizers increased from 20 kg to 80 kg per N kg/ha 140 120 100 80 60 Tot. input Artifiz. fertilizer Output agric prod Surplus ha and year. 40 20 2/18/2013 AG 0 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 Year 2000
With regional concentration
Kretslöpsjordbruket historisk betraktning og en närmere beskrivelse
The changing agricultural landscape example from Roslagen central Sweden the hay making agriculture (slåtterjordbruket) The meadow - the mother of arable land - dominated until the beginning of the 18th century Brusewitz & Emmelin 2/18/2013 AG
Resirkulering av näringsstoffer, mangfold i naturen og oppbygging av humus i jorden 2/18/2013 AG
Ley with Leguminosis was the sunlight driven nature resource used to create a multiple doubled food production during 150 years before the introduction of artificial fertilizers and chemicals Energy from the sunlight Nitrogen and carbon from the atmosphere Minerals and water from the ground 2/18/2013 AG
Millions of people Lack of food in the end of 18th centuary 9 8 7 6 Sw edish population The inhabitants in Sweden increased from 2 millions to 7 million between 1800 to 1950 before the introduction of artificial fertilizers and pesticides. How was the increased demand for food met? 5 4 3 2 1 0 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 1800 Ye ar 1950 2/18/2013 AG
Kretslöpsjordbruk Mulige lösninger på avrenningproblematikken
Kretsløpsjordbruk (def): Selvforsørget med fór og gjødsel (90%) Balansert vekstskifte og med kløver (legiminoser) ( flerårig eng og ettårige vekster) Balansert dyrehold ( ca. 0,5 LU pr. ha under nordiske forhold) Part-financed by The European Union
A B Skilleby försöksgård Järna Lokalisering typgårdar I Östersjöprojektet BERAS
Looking after the sea border for 5 000 years ago, Skilleby farm 2006.
2/18/2013 AG
BERAS prosjektet fra 2003-2006 danner det vitenskapelige grunnlaget 20 partnere fra 8 land Pilot studier på 48 gårder Näringsbalanser Måling av utslipp Energiforbruk og utslippsmåling Forbrukerstudier 2/18/2013 AG BERAS Implementation
Ökologisk kretslöpsgård Införsel-, utförsel och överskott av kväve kg/ha/år 57 N 22 N Average 12 BERAS farms. Granstedt et al 2008. Biol. Agric. And Hotic. Vol 26 pp 279-307 AG 36 N -2 P
To alternativer for landene rundt Östersjöen business as usual eller BERAS Nitrogen- och phosphurus surplus kg/ha and year 2/18/2013 AG
Humusinnholdet i jorden
Kretslöpsjordbruk Positive resultater for Humusuppbygging i marken Forsök i 25 år på Skilleby gård i Järna visar en humusuppbygging på 400 kg C /ha/år.
C-org kg/ha 0-20 cm Cange C % units in top soil 75000 Top soil Organic Carbon HV 1 HV I 73000 71000 69000 67000 FYM L WW 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,18 0,16 0,16 0,22 65000 63000 61000 59000 57000 55000 1991 1993 Year 1991 63 500 kg C/ha 2005 69 225 kg C/ha Increase 5 725 kg C/ha 1995 1997 1999 Obs C kg/ha L L 2001 S+ins 2003 2005 Calc C kg/ha 2007 0,10 0,05 0,00 2,12 % - 2,31 % 0,05 0,03 1995 2000 2005 FM CM
Humusinnhold og klima
FAO/OECD Expert Meeting on Greening the Economy with Agriculture Session one: Green Economy Perspectives Paris, 5 September 2011 Presented by: Ulrich HOFFMANN, UNCTAD secretariat
Contribution of Agriculture to Global GHG Emissions 34 Source: GRAIN/UNCTAD, 2011 Source: Bellarby et al. (2008)
Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration More than a Silver Lining 35 Land makes up ¼ of the Earth s surface, and its soil and plants hold three times as much carbon as the atmosphere. Agricultural land: 1.6 bn ha cropland and 3.4 bn ha grassland/savannah (a significant part used for pasture). Land/soil degradation: annual loss of about 10 million ha of cropland. Estimates suggest that top soil in key agricultural producing countries has lost some 7-10% of its carbon content in the last 50 years. Key task: Continuously building up soil organic matter will result in: Huge carbon sequestration of soils Improving soil fertility Enhancing water-holding capacity Improving soil biodiversity preservation Thus enhancing resilience of production
Conclusions 36 Building up soil organic matter is an effective way of removing large amounts of carbon from the atmosphere, effectively checking the growth of global GHG emissions. Skills and technology are readily available, but flanking R&D and extension systems required for up-scaling. Soil carbon sequestration is one of the most inexpensive sequestration methods. No other sector in the global economy has potentially the same weight in climate-change mitigation and has all means readily available. Building up soil organic matter will have many catalytic (pro-poor) developmental effects. However, this will require a fundamental transformation away from external input dependent and agro-chemical intensive agriculture to biological intensification and integrated forms of sustainable agriculture, fully using the potential of smallholders.
Electronic Versions can be downloaded through UNCTAD s website main publications THANK YOU 37
Bygdeutvikling gården i sentrum og med deltakelse fra: näringskjeden kompetansekjeden beslutningstakere
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. 16 ökologiske matkluster er under etablering i landene rundt Östersjöen
Järna/Södertälje som inspirasjon for utviklingen av ökologiske mat kluster
Mobilt senter Fullt utstyrt minibuss med BERAS materiell. Bussen besöker landsbygden i alle land rundt Östersjöen og bidrar til dialog for utvikling av lokale kretslöpsinitiativ
Östersjövennlig mat Ref. Diet for a small planet (Diet for a small planet) Smakfull og näringsrik Ökologisk(helst fra kretslöpsgårder) Lokal mat etter sesong Mer vegetabilier, mindre kjött ( 80 20) Reduksjon av matavfall
Interaction between recycling agriculture and the society Necessary for effective recycling and reduction of harmful emissions to water (regional -) and atmospheric (global) consequences
kg CO2 per capita and year Food print basic food CO 2 eq per capita 1500 1000 500 Low input Carbon sink Lacto veg 0 CONV ERA.SOM.LOC ERA.SOM.LOC.BG. VEG Land-use change 220 Agriculture 790 344 120 Processing 80 35 30 Transports 130 66 31
Humusuppbygging + spise ökologisk + lokalt + reduktion av kjött = 60% redusering av matens klimapåvirkning
BERAS-reports CUL Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences Available on www.beras.eu Baltic Ecological Recycling Agriculture and Society (BERAS) Executive Summary (not in printed version) BERAS executive summary, Granstedt. A. 2007. Beras report nr 1 Local and organic food and farming around the Baltic Sea Ekologiskt lantbruk nr 40. Sepännen, L (ed.). Juli 2004. Beras report nr 2 Effective recycling agriculture around the Baltic Sea Ekologiskt lantbruk nr 41. Granstedt, A., Seuri, P. and Thomsson, O.. December 2004. Beras report nr 3 Economical studies within WP3 Ekologiskt lantbruk nr 43. Possibilities for and Economic Consequences of Switching to Local Ecological Recycling Agriculture, Sumelius, J. (Ed). 2005 Beras report nr 4 Obstacles and solutions in Use of Local and Organic Food Ekologiskt lantbruk nr 44. Kakriainen, S., von Essen H. (ed.). Augusti 2005. Beras report nr 5 Environmental impacts of ecological food systems - final report from BERAS Ekologiskt lantbruk nr 46. Granstedt, A., Thomsson, O. and Schneider, T. January 2006. Beras report nr 6 Approaches to Social Sustainability in Alternative Food Systems Ekologiskt lantbruk nr 47. Sumelius, J. & Vesala, K.M. (eds.). December 2005. Beras report nr 7 The Power of Local - Sustainable Food Systems around the Baltic Sea Ekologiskt lantbruk Eds: Kahiluoto, H., Berg, P.G., Granstedt, A., Fisher, H. & Thomsson, O June 2006
BERAS peer reviewed publications: Granstedt, A., Seuri, P and Thomsson, O. 2008. Ecological Recycling Agriculture to Reduce Nutrient Pollution to the Baltic Sea. Journal Biological Agriculture and Horticulture, 2008. Granstedt, A. & Kjellenberg, L. 2008. Organic and biodynamic cultivation a possible way of increasing humus capital, improving soil fertility and be a significant carbon sink in Nordic conditions. Second Scientific ISOFAR Conference in Modena 18-20 June 2008. Granstedt, A., Tyburskij, J., Stalenga J. 2007. Nutrient Balances in Organic Farms. Baltic Sea project BERAS (Baltic Ecological Recycling Agriculture and Society), results from Poland. In: Scientific Agricultural conference Poznan August, 2007. Granstedt, A. 2000. Increasing the efficiency of plant nutrient recycling within the agricultural system as a way of reducing nutrient pollution to the Baltic Sea. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 1570 (2000) 1 17. Elsevier Science B.V. Amsterdam Helmfried, H., Haden, A. and Ljung M. 2007. The Role of Action Research (AR) in Environmental Research: Learning from a Local Organic Food and Farming Research Project. Journal Systemic Practice and Action Research. Larsson, M. and Granstedt, A. 2010. Sustainable governance of the agriculture and the Baltic Sea Agricultural reforms, food production and curbed eutrophication. Ecological Economics 69 (2010) 1943-1951.
Takk for oppmerksomheten For mer informasjon se vår hjemmeside www.beras.eu Vi ser frem til et videre samarbeid Jostein Hertwig BERAS sekretariatet www.beras.eu