2017 IJSRST Volume 3 Issue 6 Print ISSN: 2395-6011 Online ISSN: 2395-602X Themed Section: Science and Technology izkphu Hkkjr es a x.kjkt; MkW nkuiky flag 0177A dkthiqj[kqnz] xksj[kiqj] miza ;fn ge ^x.k* ds kkfcnd vfkz ij fopkj djas rks bldk oklrfod vfkz gs lewga bl izdkj x.k ls vk k; ^yksxks a ds lewg* ls gsa bl izphure myys[k _Xosn eas izkir gksrk gsa blds vfrfjdr vu; osfnd xzufkkas eas Hkh bldk myys[k cgqyrk ls feyrk gsa x.k dk myys[k _Xosn eas fn;kyhl ckj] vfkozosn eas uks ckj vksj czkã.k xzufkkas eas vusd ckj gqvk gsa bl fofo/k osfnd lunhkksza eas bl kcn dk Hkko fdlh lewg] lhkk rfkk lsuk ls gsa 1 ^x.k* kcn dh O;qRifRr ^x.k* /kkrq ls gq;h gs] ftldk vfkz gs fxuuk kkfcnd :i ls x.k dk vfkz tutkfr ugha gs vfirq ;g cfyd dqn yksxkas ds f kffky lewg dk lwpd gs rfkkfik,slk izrhr gksrk gs fd osfnd lkfgr; eas vusd LFkykas ij ;g tutkrh; laxbu ds vfkz eas iz;qdr gqvk gsa osfnd lkfgr; eas nsorkvkas ds x.kkas ds vusd myys[k gsa 2 iksjf.kd vksj egkdko; lkfgr; eas] ftleas gekjk izkphure vkuqjqfrd bfrgkl of.kzr gs] nsokas vksj vlqjkas ds x.kkas ds iq dy myys[k gsa ;s vksj dqn ugha cfyd ekuo lekt ls fo eku x.k laxbu ds izkjfehkd izfrfckec gsa iwoz rfkk mrrj osfnd lkfgr; eas x.k ds myys[kkas ds v/;;u ls izdv gksrk gs fd ;g eq[; :i ls Hkkjrh; vk;kas dk,d izdkj dk tkrh; laxbu FkkA 3 e#r dk o.kzu :nz ds mupkl iq=ksa 4 ;k uks&uks ds lewgksa eas fohkdr frjlb iq=kas5 ds :i eas gqvk gsa bl o.kzu ls osfnd x.kkas dk tutkrh; Lo:i gks tkrk gs iksjkf.kd rfkk egkdko; lkfgr; eas of.kzr vusd x.k ekr`uke ¼esVªkfufeDl½ /kkj.k djus okys gsa n` VkarLo:i] vkfnr;kas dk x.k vfnfr ls fudyk FkkA 6 egkhkkjr eas Ldan dkfrzds; ds o.kzu eas crk;k x;k gs fd og lkr ekr`x.kkas ds lkfk nsr;kas ds fo:) ym+us yxka 7,d nwljs LFkku ij] tgk ekrkvkas dh iz kflr vafdr gs] ges dbz x.kkas eas fohkdr,d lks ls vf/kd ekrkvkas ds uke feyrs gsa 8 osfndx.k lhkk ds :i eas Hkh dk;z djrk FkkA fxfqfk us _Xosn ds vuqokn eas vusd LFkyksa ij bls nsorkvkas ;k euq ;kas dh lhkk dgk gsa _d~ vksj vfkozosfnd lafgrkvkas eas e#rkas ds cy kkyh vksj vkstlohx.kks dh ppkz ckj&ckj lsuk ds vfkz eas gq;h gsa 9 bl lsuk dk usr`ro djrs gq, dhkh&dhkh lw;z ;k banz dks Hkh fn[kk;k x;k gsa 10 vkfne vksj izkjfehkd dky ds yksxka s ds tkrh; laxbu ds lkn` ; ds vk/kkj ij ;g dgk tk ldrk gs fd x.k viuh bpnkuqlkj dke djus okyk l kl= laxbu Fkk ftldk izr;sd lnl; kl= /kkj.k djrk FkkA osfndx.k /kkfezd lhkk dk Hkh dke djrk FkkA osfndx.k dh fof k Vrk Fkh fd bleas oxzhksn ugha FkkA e#r tks fd x.k lekt ds fo ks k n` Vkar gs] fo k% ;k tu ds :i eas of.kzr gsa IJSRST184946 Received : 09 July 2017 Accepted : 25 July 2017 July-August-2017 [(3) 6 : 783-788 ] 783
tgk rd Hkkjr eas x.kra=kred jkt; dh izkphurk dk lecu/k gs] bl ckr dks ekuus ds fy, dqn vk/kkj miyc/k gs fd osfnd dky eas Hkh og vkkr ugha FkkA _Xosn dh v/kksfufnz V _pk eas ftej dks vyi tura= dk Li V fpug fn[kk;h nsrk gsa 11 ^^ftl izdkj jktk yksx ¼jktku%½ lfefr;kas eas,d= gksrs gsa] mlh izdkj vks kf/k;ka mleas,d= gksrh gs] tks fhk kt~ dgykrk gs tks O;kfFk dks nwj djrk gs vksj jk{kl dh u V djrk gsa** ftej dk fopkj gs fd bl _pk eas kklu dh ml i)fr dk myys[k gs] ftleas jkt; ij,d jktk kklu ugha djrk] vfirq jkt ifjokj ds vusd lnl; la;qdr :i ls jkt; djrs gsa mudk fo okl gs fd jktkvkas ds fuokzpu ls lec) vfkozosn ds ea=kas eas ls dqn olrqr% vyi tura= ds lhkh lnl;kas ij,d lnl; ds gksus okyh LiFkkZ dh vksj ladsr djrs gsa viuh /kkj.kk ds lefkzu eas os vfkozosn ds fueufufnz V ea=kas dk myys[k djrs gs& ¼1½ ¼2½ ¼3½ vfkozosn 1]9]3 ftleas lokaszpprk ds izr;k kh dks mlds lkffk;kas ¼ltkr½ ds Åij izfrf Br djus ds fy, bunz ls izkfkzuk dh x;h gsaa vfkozosn 3]4]3 tgk lqy izr;k kh ds izfr ;g kqhk dkeuk O;Dr dh x;h gs fd] rsjs lkfkh rsjs ikl vk;saa vfkozosn 4] 22] 1&2] ftleas bunz ls dgk x;k gs fd og ^^{kf=;kas dks iztk dk,dkffkifr** cuk;s vksj mls ^^jktk ds :i eas jktdqy ¼J=k.kke~½ ds Åij izfrf Br djasa 12 Jh dk kh izlkn tk;loky us osfnd dky eas kklu ds x.kra=kred :i ds vflrro ds i{k eas,d vksj izek.k izlrqr fd;k gsa 13 os,srjs; czkã.k ds,dopu ¼7]3]14½ dk myys[k djrs gs ftleas dgk x;k gs fd mrrjdq#vkas vksj mrrjenkas eas kklu ds fy, lelr leqnk; dk vfhk ksd fd;k tkrk Fkk rfkk mudh lalfkk,a ^^osjkt; vfkok x.kra=kkred jkt;** dgykrh FkhA ^^osjkt;** kcn ftls tk;loky us x.kru=kred jkt; ds vfkz eas fy;k gs] esdmkuy vksj dhfk ds vuqlkj,d izdkj dh jkt kfdr dk okpd gsa 14 vfkozosn eas lunhkz ¼5]18]10½ gs tks osfnd dky eas x.kru=kred kklu dk fuf pr izek.k izrhr gksrk gsa ;g eu= czkã.k dh xk; dh gr;k ds dkj.k fn;s x;s kkikas dh,d yech ym+h ds e/; eas izkir gksrk gsa ;g bl izdkj gs& ^^;s lglza vjktuuklu~ n k krkmra rs czkã.kl; xka tx/kk osrgo;k ijkhkou~aa** fogvus bl eu= dk vuqokn bl izdkj djrs gsa& ^^os osrgo;] tks,d lglz yksxka s ij jkt; djrs Fks vksj nl lks Fks] czkã.k dh xk; dks [kkdj&u V gks x;s gsa** 15 784
ftej] E;wj rfkk vu; fo}ku bldk vuqokn dqn fhkuu izdkj ls djrs gsaa ^^ohrgo; ds oa kt] tks,d gtkj yksxka s ij jkt; djrs Fks vksj la[;k eas nl lks Fks] czkã.k dh xk; dks [kkus ds ckn ijkhkwr gks x;sa**¼e;wj] lald`r VsDLV~l ftyn 1 i``0 285½ pkgs tks Hkh Hksn D;kas u gks ;g ewyhkwr lr; gs fd osrgo; tks la[;k eas 1000 Fks],d izns k ij jkt; djrs Fks] vksj bleas lunsg ugha fd ;g vyi&turu=kred vfkok x.kru=kred 16 tu dk,d mnkgj.k gsa ikf.kfu dh v?vk/;k;h eas mfyyf[kr osnksrrj dky eas kklu ds yksdlrrkred :iksa dk vflrro vusd izek.kkas ls Hkyh&Hkk fr fl) gksrk gsa dky n`f V ls ikf.kfu dk O;kdj.k xzufk izkphure~ gs ftleas jktuhfrd la?kksa ds Li V fpug feyrs gsa bleas lunfhkzr&^^l³~/k pkuksrrjk/;sz** 17 lw= ls Li V gksrk gs fd ikf.kfu ds le; eas la?k dk Li:i vpnh rjg Kkr Fkk] D;kasfd ;gk la?k vksj lk/kkj.k HkhM+ ;k leqnk; ds e/; Li V fohksn fn[kk;k x;k gs] ftlls ;g lwfpr gksrk gs fd la?k dkuwu rfkk fu;ekas ls ca/kk,d fuf pr laxbu FkkA v?vk/;k;h ds,d vu; lw= 18 ls Hkh ;gh fu d kz fudyrk gsa oş ;kdj.k bl rf; dh vksj ladsr djrs gsa fd la?kkr kcn dh Hkkafr la?k kcn&dsoy,d lewg dk okpd u gksdj x.k vfkkzr~,d fof k V izdkj ds lewg vfkok ^l³~?k l`f V lewg* dk okpd gsa Jh ds0ih0 tk;loky us gekjk /;ku if.kfu ds,d vu; lw= dh vksj vkd` V fd;k gsa ;g lw= bl izdkj gs& ^^l³~?kk³~dy{k.ks o ;ftuke.ka** bldk vfkz ;g gs fd ^^l³/kkas ds vaxdksa vksj y{k.kkas ds lecu/k eas ¼vFkkZr mugs O;Dr djus ds fy,½ v Ur vksj ; Ur lakkvkas ls v.k izr;; gksrk gsa 19 ;g dsoy la?k ds vflrro dks izkef.kr gh ugha djrk oju~ ;g Hkh Li V djrk gs fd izr;ds la?k dk viuk vaxd vfkok y{k.k gksrk Fkk] ftldh igpku tk;loky vkxs pydj mrrjdkyhu lald`r lkfgr; eas of.kzr ykanu ls djrs gsa 20 ikf.kfu us la?k vksj x.k dks i;kz;okph ekuk gs rfkk la?k ds vurxzr v Vk/;k;h eas tsls ;ks/ks; 21 ] Hknz 22 ] o`ft 23 vkfn ftu jkt;kas dk myys[k fd;k x;k gs os lc x.kru=kred vfkok iztkru=kred jkt; gh gsa ikf.kfu }kjk mfyyf[kr la?k vksj x.k dks dfri; fo)kukas us,d fuf pr vk k; gsrq O;fDr;kas dh laxfbr lalfkk ls fy;k gsa 24 vkj0lh0 etwenkj us bugas fu;ekas vksj dkuwukas }kjk ca/kh fuf pr lalfkk ds vfkz eas fy;k gsa 25 ijurq dk kh izlkn tk;loky us ikf.kfu rfkk ikfy d`fr;kas ds lunhkkasz ds vk/kkj ij ;g fu d kz fudkyk gs fd ewyr% la?k vksj x.k dk iz;ksx x.kra=kred jkt;kas ds fy, gqvk Fkk vksj /kkfezd la?kkas ds fy, budk iz;ksx ckn eas gqvka 26 cks) lkfgr; fo ks kdj tkrdkas eas ^x.k* dk vfkz,d,slh lalfkk ;k lfefr ls gs] ftleas lnl;x.k feydj,d gks tkrs FksA bldk nwljk vfkz x.kjkt; Hkh gsa cks)dky eas ^x.k* kcn dk iz;ksx Li V :i ls 785
turu=kred jkt;kas ds fy, gksus yxk FkkA bl ckr ds lcy vur%lk{; gs fd cq) ds vkfrhkkzo&dky eas vusd Lor+= dchys fo eku Fks] tks viuk iz kklu ;k rks iztkrkfu=d ;k dqyhu ra=h; O;oLFkk ds vurxzr pykrs FksA 27 jht MsfoM~l us cqf)lv bafm;k eas x.kru=kred i)fr ls iz kflr blh dksfv ds jkt;kas dh vksj ladsr fd;k gsa 28 ds0ih0 tk;loky us tsu xzufk vkpkjkaxlw= ds vk/kkj ij x.k ds vflrro dk myys[k fd;k gsa ^^x.k** dk vfkz gs& la[;ka vr% x.kjkt; dk vfkz gqvk&^^la[;k dk kklu**a ikf.kfu us ^ls?kkas nz/kksx.k iz kal;ks%* eas la?k dks x.k ds vfkz eas fy;k gsa muds dky eas ^^la?k** ls ^^x.k** dk cks/k gksrk Fkk] fdurq ml le; rd /kkfezd la?k us egro /kkj.k ugha fd;k FkkA eft>e fudk; eas ^^la?k** vksj ^^x.k** lkfk&lkfk iz;qdr gq, gsaa 29 tk;loky dk dfku gs fd dqn fons kh fo}kukas&^eksfu;j fofy;e*] ^ yhv*] ^Cgwyj* vkfn us x.k dk vuqokn ^^tu** ds vfkz eas fd;k gs] tks xyr gsa fdurq Vkel us bldk ogh vfkz ekuk gs tks tk;loky us fd;k gsa 30 vyrsdj dk dfku gs fd x.k dk vfkz,d fof k V jkt; O;oLFkk ls gs tks u`iru= ls furkur fhkuu gsa 31 mugksaus vonku krd ds,d lanhkz dh vksj ladsr fd;k gs ftlls jkt;kas ds lkfk&lkfk x.kra=kred jkt;kas dk vflrkro vr;ur fu.kkz;d :i ls flk) gks tkrk gsa vonku la[;k 88 eas dgk x;k gs fd e/; ns k&ds dqn O;kikfj;kas us nf{k.k dh ;k=k dh rfkk muds ns k eas izpfyr kklu ds Lo:i ds lecu/k eas iwns tkus ij mugksaus mrrj fn;k&^dqn jkt; jktkvksa ds v/khu gs vksj dqn x.kkas dsa* 32,d izkphure~ tsu xzufk vkpkjkaxlw=- Hkh x.kjk; ¼x.k {kjk kkflr izns k½ dk myys[k djrk gsa 33 eft>e fukdk; eas iztkra=kred jkt;kas ds fy, la?k vksj x.k kcn lkfk&lkfk iz;qdr fd;s x;s gsa f=fivd ls Kkr gksrk gs fd orzeku mrrj izns k ds xksj[kiqj vksj mrrjh fcgkj ds izns kkas eas vusd x.kra= fo eku Fks vksj bleas rks ys kek= Hkh lunsg ugha fd cq) ds dky eas eyy] fypnfo] fonsg vkfn jkt; x.kra= FksA vuds im+slh ex/k vksj dks ky ds jktk mugsa ckj&ckj thrus dk iz;ru djrs Fks] blfy, viuh j{kk ds fy, ;s x.kr= viuk,d la;qdr jkt; ¼la?k½ chp&chp eas cukrs FksA vr% mi;qzdr rf;kas ds voyksdu ls ;g ckr Li V gs fd x.k dk vfkz lewg ls gsa vr,o x.kjkt; dk vfkz gs& lewg lapkfyr jkt; iz.kkyha jktra=srj kklu i)fr ds cht vrhr dh lalfkkvkas eas fnis FksA le; chrus ij os u dsoy iyyfor gq, oju~ dqn LFkkuksa ij lqn`<+ cu x;sa 34 cq)dkyhu x.kjkt;kas ds vflrro ds izfr ladsr djus okys izfke fo}ku jht MsfoM~l gsaa mugksaus cks) lkfgr; eas fodh.kz lwpukvkas dk ladyu dj ml ;qx eas fo eku vusd ^x.kra=kred jkt;kas ij izdk k Mkyk gsa 35 rnqijkur dk khizlkn tk;loky us ekmuz fjo;w 36 eas RkFkk nsonùk jked`.k Hk.Mkjdj us vius dkekzbdsy O;k[;kuksa 37 eas bl fo k; dk folr`r foospu izlrqr fd;ka ; fi bu fo}kukas dh lelr LFkkiukvkas ls lger gksuk dfbu gs] rfkkfi Hkkjr eas x.kjkt;kas ds vflrro ds lecu/k eas buds }kjk izlrqr izek.kkas dks vc lk/kkj.kr% Lohdkj dj fy;k x;k gsa 786
lanhkz lwph 1& ;qok l ek:rks x.klros"kjfkks vus %] 'kqhka ;kokizfr"dqr%a _Xosn] V 61-13- 2& x.knsokuke~ _Hko% lqglrk%a_xosn] IV,35-3] rs0czk0] II,8-6-4] 'k0czk0]xiii 2-8-4 3& 'kekz vkj-,l- izkphu Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd fopkj,oa lalfkk,a i`0 114 4&,dksUiapk'kUe:rks fohkork vfi x.k:is.kso orzursa rk.m~; egkczkã.k] XIX.14. 5& 'k0czk0] II, 5-1-12 _Xosn] VIII, 96-9- rs0 czk0] I,6.2.3. 6& vkfnioz] 60-36&39 7& lir ekr`x.kk'pso lektxeqfoz'kkairs--------a 8& 'ky; ioz ¼dqacdksue laldj.k½] 45-29] 47-33&34 9& ;qok lk ek:rks x.klros"kjfkks vus %] 'kqhka ;kokizfr"dqr%a _Xosn] V, 61.13 vfkoz0] XIII,4.8 ;ke~ vkhktks e:rsunqlkses;sfroke~ vo/kzuuhkou~x.klrs------------- 10& _Xosn] III 35.9 11& _Xosn] 10] 9] 16 12& "An der Spitze der Koniglichen Familie Stehedieser als Konig, Zimmer, Aetindisched P.165" fogv~us dk vuqokn ¼ftYn 1] i`0 188½ 13& ekmuz fjo;w] 1913] i`0 538 14& 5] 1] 2 i`0 22 15& fogvus] vfkozosn] i`0 251 16& ;fn ge E;wj vksj ftej dk vuqokn&,d gtkj yksxks a ij 1000 yksxks a dk 'kklu&eku ys a rks 'kklu dk :i yksdrkaf=d gksuk pkfg,a 1000 :<+ la[;k tku im+rh gsa 17& ikf.kfu dh v"vk/;k;h 3] 3] 42 18& 3] 3] 36 19& t0fo0m0_ lks] ftyn 5 i`0 27 20& t0fo0m0_ lks] ftyn 5] i`0 27 21& ikf.kfu] v"vk/;k;h] 513&16 22& r=so] 412&13 23& r=so] 6@2@24 24& MkW0 Hk.Mkdj] Mh0vkj0] ysdpj vkwu,u';suv fglvªh vkwq bf.m;k] i`0 142&46 25& MkW0 etewnkj] vkj0lh0] dkjiksjsv ykbq bu,u';suv bf.m;k] i`0 121 26& MkW0 tk;loky] dk'khizlkn] fgunw ikfyvh] i`0 31] 32] 49] 51 27& jht MsfoM~l] Vh0MCyw0] cqf)lv bf.m;k] i`0 9 28& r=so] i`0 15 29& eft>e fudk;] 1@415&35 30& tk;loky] ds0ih0] iwokszdr] i`0 24 31& Mk0 vyrsdj],0,l0] iwokszdr] i`0 149 32& dsfpn~ns'kk x.kk/khuk% dsfonzktk/khuk%a 787
33& vkpkjkaxlw=] 2@3@1@101 vjk;sf.k okx.kjk;f.k ok tqojk;f.k oknksjttf.k ok csjttf.k ok fo:)jttf.k oka 'kklu ds x.kru=kred :i ds vflrro dks izekf.kr djus okys vu; opuksa ds fy, folrkj ls nz"vo; Jh jht MsfoM~l] Jh tk;loky,oa izks0 Mh0vkj0 Hk.MkjdjA 34& ijekrek'kj.k] izkphu Hkkjr es a jktuhfrd fopkj,oa lalfkk,a] i`0 385 35& cqf)lv bf.m;k] i`0 1] 2] 19,oa vkxs 36& ekmuz fjo;w] 1993] i`0 535 vksj vkxs 37& ftyn,d] i`0 146 vksj vkxs 788