f}rh; v/;k; lalfkkxr laxhr,oa laxhr f k{k.k dh fof/k;ka
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- Ludvig Nygaard
- 4 år siden
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Transkript
1 f}rh; v/;k; lalfkkxr laxhr,oa laxhr f k{k.k dh fof/k;ka
2 laxhr&f k{k.k dh fofhkuu fof/k;ka ^f k{k.k* kcn dk lkeku; vfkz gs&fl[kkuka f k{kd vksj Nk= ds chp pyus okyh m)s ;iw.kz izfø;k ^f k{k.k* dgykrh gsa dksbz Hkh f k{kd vius fo k; dks i<+kus es a rc rd lqy ugha gksrk tc rd fd mldk m)s ; Li V u gksa bl m)s ; dh izkfir ds fy, gh f k{k.k f k{kk iznku djrk gsa lk/kkj.k rfkk ;g ekuk tkrk gs fd Nk= lh[krk gs rks f k{kd fl[kkrk gsa fl[kkus dh fof/k;ka fhkuu gks ldrh gsa mnkgj.k ds rksj ij ge dg ldrs gsa fd xf.kr ds iz u gy djus] bfrgkl ds rf; crkus] fokku ds fl)kar le>us vkfn ds fy, vyx&2 fof/k;ks a dks viukuk im+rk gsa f k{kd vius Nk=ks a dks tks dqn Hkh fl[kkuk ;k i<+kuk pkgrk gs mlds fy, ftl izfø;k dks og viukrk gs og f k{k.k dgykrh gsa laxhr f k{kk dk rkri;z,slh f k{kk ls gs tks lkekftd Hkkouk ls ifjiw.kz O;fDrRo dk fodkl djsa laxhr eq[; :i ls fø;kred fo k; gs rfkk bldk leca/k vkokt ls gs vksj vkokt Jo.kh; gsa vkokt ns[kh ;k fy[kh ugha tk ldrh blfy, blds mn~hko&lfkkuksa dks dyk eezk gh xys ls ;k oknu }kjk O;Dr djds le>k vksj lquk ldrk gsa ;gh dkj.k gs fd laxhr fo k; ds f k{k.k ds fy, dqn
3 izeq[k fof/k;ksa dk fodkl gqvk gsa ftlesa izn kzu&vuqdj.k fof/k dk LFkku izeq[k gsa ijurq laxhr ds fofhkuu ls)kfurd,oa fø;kred i{kks a,oa igyqvksa dk Kku iznku djus ds fy, Hkk k.k] laxhr xks Bh] rdz kkwi] lsehukj vkfn fof/k;ka lgk;d :i esa iz;qdr gksrh gsa fo k vksj dyk lald`fr dk xkek gsa blh xkes dks lald`fr dh psru; kfdr lafpr jgrh gsa izkphudkyhu laxhr ds,sfrgkfld n`f Vdks.k ls ;g Li V gks tkrk gs fd izr;sd ;qx es a laxhr dh dyk ds lkfk&2,d uslfxzd fo k ds :i esa Hkh iz;kzir egro jgk gsa D;ksafd laxhr dsoy euksjatu gh gh olrq ugha gs] cfyd,d ukn fo k gsa O;fDr dks lh; lqlald`r le>s tkus gsrq vu; fo kvks a dh Hkkafr laxhr fo k dk Kku Hkh vfuok;z le>k tkrk FkkA blfy, laxhr ds v/;;u&v/;kiu dk Øe izkphudky ls vk/kqfud dky rd vfofpnuu :i ls pyk vk jgk gsa ijurq izkphu vksj vk/kqfud laxhr f k{k.k dh fof/k;ksa esa iz;kzir vurj ik;k tkrk gsa ;g varj mlh vuqikr esa c<+k gs ftrus vuqikr esa nks ;qxksa ds fo kffkz;ksa esa vurj vk;k gsa ^laxhr&f k{kk dk vfure vax gsa f k{kk dk eq[; m)s ; ekuo rfkk le:i fodkl& kkjhfjd] cksf)d] lksun;z&leca/kh]
4 usfrd] lkekftd rfkk vk/;kfred djuk gsa vksj laxhr bl m)s ; dks iwfrz esa iw.kzr% [kjk mrjrk gsa* 1 eksfy;j(molier) dk fo okl gs fd laxhr dh f k{kk fo o kkafr LFkkfir djus esa lgk;d gks ldrh gs & If all men learn music, would it not be a mean of agreeing together in concord and establishing universal peace in the world 2 vu; thoui;ksxh dykvks a dh f k{kk ds vfrfjdr ekuo tkfr ds fy, laxhr dh f k{kk dk egroiw.kz LFkku ;g izd`fr iznr izfrhkk dks LFkkf;Ro iznku djus esa lgk;d gksrh gs vksj gekjs fø;kdykiks a dks vf/kd vkuune; cuk nsrh gsa ik pkr; laxhr kkl=h oh- gkjuj ds vuqlkj & Music education is concerned with musical literacy, eartraining, creating of music and the emotiicnal and aesthetic growth of the pupils as well as the enjoyment of music. 3
5 f k{kk dh izkphu i)fr Hkk kk] dyk vksj fokku vkfn egroiw.kz fo k;ksa ls ifjiw.kz gsaa vksj lalkj dh dksbz Hkh Hkk kk] dyk vksj fokku laxhr ds fcuk v/kwjh fn[kkbz nsrh gsa laxhr esa fo eku nks /kkrq&loj vksj y; gsa Loj e/kqjrk vksj y; xhr dk izrhd gs x/k gks vfkok i ] lhkh esa ek/kq;z rfkk xhr dk gksuk vko ;d gsa lkeku;r% lhkh izkf.k;ksa esa,d rro lnso fo eku jgrk gs vksj og gs lkafxfrd cks/ka ogh thfor izkf.k;ksa esa ls,dek=,slk izk.kh gs tks vius fopkjksa vksj Hkkoukvksa dks vfhko;dr djus dh {kerk j[krk gs vksj viuh cqf) rfkk foosd ds cy ij nwljs O;fDr;ks a ds O;ogkj dk voyksdu djds mugs a viuk ldrk gsa blfy, ;g Li V gs fd lhkh ;qxksa rfkk lhkh le;ksa ij laxhr dks ekuoh f k{kk,oa lald`fr dk,d egroiw.kz vax ekuk x;k gsa laxhr f k{k.k dh lcls izkphu fof/k xq#&f k ; ijeijk jgh gsa fø;kred laxhr f k{k.k ds fy, bls lozjs B fof/k Lohdkj fd;k x;k gsa bl fof/k
6 ds varxzr f k ; dks xq# ds vkj; dk?kj es a jgdj vfkok ogka tkdj laxhr dh f k{kk izkir djuh gksrh FkhA lqik= gksus ij gh xq# dh f k ;rk izkir gksrh FkhA f k ; vius xq# dh lelr fo ks krkvks a,oa dyk dh ckjhfd;ksa dks ;Fkk kfdr xzg.k djrk FkkA mldh lqyrk xq# ds izfr:i cu tkus es a gh ekuh tkrh FkhA Loj&lk/kuk] jkx folrkj] cafn k vkfn eksf[kd :i ls gh fl[kk, tkrs Fks rfkk dkxt&dye dks lansg dh n`f V ls ns[kk tkrk FkkA bl izdkj laxhr tks eq[;r% eksf[kd,oa izn kzukred dyk gs xq#eq[k ls gh lh[kdj vkrelkr dh tkrh FkhA laxhr txr esa xq# dks lokszpp ntkz izkir FkkA bl i)fr }kjk lqjf{kr Kku] dky ds FkisM+ksa ls cprk gqvk vkt Hkh fdlh u fdlh :i es a izkir gsa laxhr dyk ds ls)kfurd,oa dykred nksuksa i{kks a dk laj{k.k,oa fodkl blh eksf[kd ijeijk }kjk o kksza rd gksrk jgk gsa ^^izkphudky es a egku dykdkj vksj fo}ku Lo;a,sls fo kffkz;ksa dh [kkst esa jgrs Fks ftugsa os viuh fo k vksj dyk dk nku dj ldsa vksj tks Kkunku ds egro dks le> ldsaa** Hkkjrh; laxhr ds ftrus Hkh mpp dksfv ds dykdkj gq, gsa] mudk laca/k xq#&f k ; ijeijk ls gsa,d vpnk dykdkj cuus ds fy, o kksza xq# ds
7 fujh{k.k es a f k{k rfkk fujarj vh;kl dh vko ;drk gksrh gsa gekjs Hkkjrh; laxhr ds lanhkz esa f k ; ds fy,,d vu; egroiw.kz xq.k visf{kr gsa 1- Lkaxhr ekfld if=dk & Mk-,l-,u- jkrkatsdj tu- Qj i`0 16 vksj og gs lk/ku & vfkkzr iw.kzrue;rk ds lkfk vh;kl ¼fj;kt½ djuka xq# ds izfr,dfu Brk] vklfkk rfkk leiz.k dh Hkkouk vksj vius vh;kl ds izfr ryyhurk & ;s nks,sls miknku gsa ftuls fdlh dyk] fo ks kr% laxhr&dyk] dh vkrek esa izos k fd;k tk ldrk gsa ia- jfo kadj ds fueufyf[kr dfku ls Hkh ;gh /ofur gksrk gs & The third principal term associated with our music is Sadhana which means practice and discipline eventually leading to self realization. It means practicing with a fanatic zeal and ardent dedication to the Guru and the Music.
8 xq# dk leeku fou; vksj lk/kuk ;gh xq#&f k ; ijeijk ds egroiw.kz igyw gsaa xq# dks,d vk/;kfred f k{kd vfkok ekxzn kzd dgk x;k gs] ftlls fo kfkhz vfkok f k ; fdlh fo ks k fo k; ;k dyk ds ckjs esa Kku izkir djrk gsa Hkkjrh; lald`fr esa xq# dk ntkz lnso gh Å pk vksj leeku ;ksx; ekuk x;k gs tkuk tkrk gs tks ftruk vpnk f k ; gksxk og mruk gh vpnk dykdkj cusxka vpnk dykdkj cuus ds fy, fnu jkr lk/kuk djuh im+rh gsa 1. My Music : My Life, Pt. Ravi Sankar, P-12 ijurq vkt lkeku; oxz ds vf/kdkf/kd Nk= vius lhfer lk/kuksa }kjk laxhr dh f k{kk izkir djuk pkgrs gsaa ;g lqfo/kk mugsa orzeku le; esa egkfo ky;ksa vfkok fo ofo ky;ksa esa izkir gsa laxhr&f k{k.k ds fy, fueu fof/k;ks a dk fodkl gqvk gs & ¼d½ lsfeukj & bl fof/k esa dksbz f k{kd vfkok Nk= fdlh,d fo k; ij vius fopkj izlrqr djrk gsa vksj vu; Nk= ml fo k; ij ppkz djrs gsaa
9 lsfeukj esa fø;kred rfkk ls)kafrd nksuksa :iksa dk vk;kstu fd;k tk ldrk gsa ;g fof/k mpp Lrjh; laxhr f k{k.k ds fy, mi;qdr gsa ¼[k½ fleiksft;e & lsfeukj vksj fleiksft;e esa dsoy bruk gh varj gs fd lsfeukj esa,d gh fo k; ij ppkz dh tkrh gs tcfd fleiksft;e es a vusd fo k;ksa ija bles a ys[k i<+us rfkk ml ys[k ij vu; Nk=ksa dh izfrfø;kvksa dks tkuus dk volj feyrk gsa fopkj foe kz }kjk fo k; ds fofhkuu igyqvksa ij ppkz dh tkrh gsa ;g fof/k Hkh mpp Lrjh; f k{kk ds fy, gh iz;qdr dh tkrh gsa ¼x½ ifj;kstuk & bl fof/k esa,d dk;z dks leiuu djus ds fy, rdz,oa dyiuk kfdr dk lgkjk ysuk im+rk gsa bl fof/k dks m)s ; <ax ls fd;k tkrk gs rfkk blesa lgh ewy;kadu djus o fu.kz; ysus dh Hkh vko ;drk im+rh gsa ifj;kstuk ds pkj pj.k ekus x, gsa & 1- flfkfr iznku djuk 2- ifj;kstuk dk p;u 2- ;kstuk cukuk 4- ;kstuk dks dk;kzfuor djuka
10 ¼?k½ dk;z kkyk & vktdy bl fof/k dk iz;ksx dkqh gksrk gsa laxhr f k{kk ds {ks= ls tqm+s fo}kuksa dks vkefu=r fd;k tkrk gsa fdlh fo k; dks ysdj Nk= vius fopkj,oa lel;k,a izlrqr djrs gs a rfkk vkeaf=r fo}ku mu fopkjksa dks lqfu;ksftr djds fo k; dk Li Vhdj.k djrs gs aa bl ek/;e ls nks izdkj ls f k{kk nh tk ldrh gs & 1- ppkz ds ek/;e ls 2- lkafxfrd ;a=ksa dh dk;ziz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls blls Nk=ksa esa,d gh fo k; dks vusd igyqvksa ls le>us dh {kerk dk fodkl gksrk gsa ok ksa dh cukov] lkeqfgd :i ls laxhr Lojkofy;ksa dk iz;ksx] d B lk/kuk ds fy, vko ;d O;k;ke djus dh {kerk dk fodkl gksrk gsa ¼M+½ fofhkuu dykdkjksa }kjk dyk izn kzu & laxhr,slk fo k; gs ftldks ftrus vf/kd dykdkjksa ls lquk tk,xk mles a mruk gh vf/kd fu[kkj vkrk gsa blfy, le;&2 ij Nk=ksa dks mpp dksvh ds dykdkjks a dk xk;u&oknu lquokuk vr;ar vko ;d,oa ykhknk;d gksrk gsa dykdkjksa ds izn kzu }kjk f k{kdksa rfkk Nk=ks a nksuks dks gh iz sj.kk feyrh gsa os mls
11 ns[k lqudj viuh dyk esa vksj vf/kd o`f),oa fu[kkj yk ldrs gsaa bl izdkj ds vk;kstuks a ds ek/;e ls izsj.kk izkir dj Nk= Lo;a dks laxhr lk/kuk rfkk vh;kl esa ryyhu djus es a lefkz gksrs gsaa ¼p½ izn kzu,oa vuqdj.k fof/k & laxhr ds ls)kfurd,oa fø;kred nksuksa gh i{kks a dk LFkku leku gksrs gq, Hkh vf/kd egro fø;kred i{k dks gh fn;k tkrk gsa tslk fd lozfofnr gs laxhr dk laca/k /ofu ls gs vksj /ofu ns[kh ;k fy[kh ugha tk ldrh] dsoy lquh tk ldrh gsa bldks f k{kd ;k laxhrk xk ctkdj le>k,oa lquk ldrk gsa vr% laxhr dk f k{k.k eq[; :i ls izn kzu ij gh vk/kkfjr gsa laxhr f k{k.k dh ;g lcls izkphu i)fr gsa blds varxzr f k{kd Nk=ksa ds Lrj ds vuqlkj laxhr dh fo k; olrq dks vkn kz xk;u ;k oknu ds :i esa izlrqr djrk gsa fqj Nk= mldk vuqdj.k djrs gsaa bl izdkj ;g fof/k dsoy izn kzu u gksdj ^izn kzu vuqdj.k* fof/k gsa Nk= vuqdj.k }kjk laxhr leiknu djus ds rjhds dks le>us dk iz;kl djrs gsaa os ns[k lqudj gh mls vius Kku o dks ky dk vax cuk ysrs gs aa\
12 Laxhr ds Nk= vuqdj.k }kjk gh lh[krs gs aa blfy, f k{kd ds fy, ;g vr;ar vko ;d gs fd mldk izn kzu kq),oa izhkko kkyh gksuk pkfg,a izn kzu iwoz fu;ksftr,oa Øec) gksuk pkfg,] tsls xhr fl[kkrs le; igys Loj fyfi rfkk fqj cksy xk, tk,aa laxhr oknu ds izn kzu ds le; f k{kd dks,sls LFkku ij csbuk pkfg, ftlls Nk=ksa dks gkfk dh fø;k,a Li V,oa Bhd ls fn[kkbz ns ldsaa laxhr f k{k.k esa vuqdj.k izn kzu dk izfrqy gsa izn kzu ftruk izhkko kkyh gksxk] Nk=ksa dh mrlqdrk,oa lh[kus dh bpnk mruh gh c<+sxha laxhr esa izn kzu ;fn Li Vhdj.k vfkok O;k[;k lfgr fd;k tk, rks vf/kd mi;ksxh,oa lqy fl) gksrk gs bl fof/k dh lqyrk f k{kd dh dq kyrk ij fuhkzj djrh gsa ¼N½ Hkk k.k fof/k & kcnks a ds }kjk vfhko;dr fof/k dks] ftlls Nk= Kku izkir dj ldsa Hkk k.k fof/k dgk tkrk gsa bl fof/k esa f k{kd fo k; olrq dks fuf pr Øe,oa lqlaxfbr :i esa eksf[kd :i ls gh Nk= ds le{k izlrqr djrk gsa ;g fof/k laxhr fo k; ds ls)kfurd i{k tsls & FkkV] tkfr],sfrgkfld i{k vkfn ds f k{k.k ds fy, iz;qdr dh tkrh gsa blds }kjk f k{kd fo k; olrq dks Li V,oa kq)re :i es a egroiw.kz LFkyks a ij
13 cy nsdj izlrqr dj ldrk gsa f k{kd dsoy Hkk kk ds ek/;e ls gh viuh ckr dks Li V djrk gsa blesa egroiw.kz Hkwfedk dsoy f k{kd dh gh jgrh gsa f k{kd fø;k khy jgrk gs rfkk Nk=ksa dk dksbz ;ksxnku ugha gksrka fdurq mugs a ltxrk,oa,dkxzrk cuk, j[kuh im+rh gsa ;g izfø;k eksf[kd gs rfkk fø;k dk blesa dksbz LFkku ugha gsa ;g fof/k ljy,oa lqxe gsa bl fof/k ds }kjk de le; esa vf/kd Nk=ksa dks f k{kk iznku dh tk ldrh gsa blls le; dh cpr gksrh gsa ;g fof/k ljy,oa lqxe gsa Laxhr dhbl f k{k.k i}fr dk iz;ksx laxhr ds ls)kfurd i{k ds v/;;u rfkk fø;kred laxhr ds ikb ds le; fn, x, laf{kir dfkuksa ds :i esa gksrk gsa bl fof/k ds }kjk f k{kd vius ikb dks fo k; ds vuqlkj #fpdj,oa vkd kzd cuk ldrk gsa bl fof/k dh lqyrk iw.kzr;k f k{kd dh dq kyrk ij fuhkzj djrh gsa f k{kd vius fo k; ij vkf/kir; gksuk cgqr vko ;d gsa ;g fof/k fueu rfkk ek/;fed Lrj ds Nk=ksa ds fy, mi;qdr ugha gsa D;ksafd NksVs cpps vf/kd le; rd,d gh olrq ij /;ku dsfunzr ugha dj ldrsa blls Nk=ksa dh fø;k khyrk dh Hkh vogsyuk gksrh gsa Hkk k.k fof/k ls ml le; vf/kd ykhk gksrk gs tc mlesa vu; fof/k;ksa tsls
14 iz uksùkj] izn kzu vkfn dk lekos k gsa Hkk k.k dh ;kstuk lko/kkuh iwozd cukbz tkuh pkfg,a Hkk kk Li V,oa ljy gksuh pkfg,a f k{kd dks ;g Hkh /;ku j[kuk pkfg, fd og vko ;drkuqlkj viuh vkokt dh rhozrk,oa Hkko dks cnyrk jgsa Hkk k.k dk fodkl mnkgj.k rfkk vu; lgk;d lkexzh vkfn ds ek/;e ls fd;k tkuk pkfg,a ek/;fed,oa mpprj ek/;fed d{kkvksa es a laxhr f k{k.k esa bldk iz;ksx lhfer gsa mpp Lrjh; f k{k.k ds fy, ;g vr;ar mi;ksxh fof/k gsa ¼t½ laxhr xks Bh &laxhr ds ls)kfurd i{k dks le>uk] lh[kuk rfkk kadkvksa ds fuokj.k ds fy, laxhr xksf B;ksa dk vk;kstu cgqr ykhknk;d fl) gksrk gsa budk kqhkkjahk lu 1925 esa Hkkr[k.Ms th }kjk gqvk FkkA ijurq Lora=rk ds i pkr laxhr xksf B;ksa ds vk;kstu esa larks ktud o`f) gqbz gsa laxhr f k{k.k dks vf/kd ls vf/kd izhkko kkyh cukus esa laxhr xksf B;ksa dk vk;kstu cgqr mi;ksxh gsa bles a mppdksvh ds fo}kuks a,oa dykdkjksa dks vius vius fopkj izlrqr djus ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;k tkrk gsa dykdkjksa ds izn kzu }kjk f k{kdksa,oa Nk=ksa dks viuh dyk dks laokjus,oa fu[kkjus esa lgk;rk feyrh gsa blhfy, le;&2 ij Nk=ksa dks vpns&2
15 dykdkjksa dk xk;u&oknu lquokuk] fo}kuksa ds lkfk ppkz djuk rfkk mugsa mudh izfrhkk,oa Kku ds fo k; esa vkhkkl djokuk vfr vko ;d gsa blls Nk= laxhr fo k; laca/kh u,&2 rf;ksa dk Kku izkir djrs gs aa ¼>½ laxhr leesyu & buds }kjk dykdkjks a dks viuh izfrhkk izn kzu dk volj izkir gksrk gs rfkk lkfk gh mugsa viuh izfrhkk dks vkadus dk volj Hkh izkir gksrk gsa leesyuks a esa Nk= viuh izfrhkk dk izn kzu djrs gsaa bl izdkj dqn gn rd u, dykdkjksa rfkk Nk=ks a dks laxhr dh f k{kk Hkh izkir gksrh gsa izkphu Hkkjr esa Hkh ^leu* rfkk ^lettk* uked laxhr leesyu gqvk djrs Fks ftlesa ;qod ;qofr;ka viuh lkafxfrd izfrhkk dk izn kzu djrs FksA Rduhdh fodkl ds lkfk&2 f k{k.k ds :i esa,d cnyko vk;k gsa f k{k.k ds {ks= esa f k{k.k] e khu] dei;wvj] nwjn kzu] nwjhkk k] ohfm;ks&ifjppkz vkfn tulapkj ds vu; lalk/kuksa dh lgk;rk Hkh yh tkus yxh gsa orzeku ;qx dks fokku,oa rduhdh ;qx dgk tk ldrk gsa chloha krkcnh esa thou ds izr;sd {ks= esa rhoz xfr ls gq, ifjorzuksa dks Li V
16 ns[kk tk ldrk gsa fokku us tgk,d vksj euq ; ds izk;% gj igyq dks izhkkfor fd;k gs ogha f k{kk dk {ks= Hkh mlls vnwrk ugha jgka orzeku le; esa fokku ds perdkj ls n` ;&JO; midj.kksa dk iz;ksx f k{kk ds gj Lrj ij fd;k tk jgk gsa Hkkjrh; lald`fr,oa dyk Hkh fokku ds izhkko ls vnwrh ugha jgha laxhr dk {ks= Hkh blls izhkkfor gqvk gsa laxhr ds {ks= esa oskkfud izhkko ds dkj.k vusd midj.k tsls &jsfm;ks] VsifjdkMZj] Vsyhfotu] oh-lh-vkj-] dei;wvj] bysdvªksfud rkuiqjk vkfn us kkl=h;,oa lqxe laxhr ds f k{k.k es a vdfkuh; ;ksxnku fn;k gsa laxhr f k{k.k esa JO;&n` ; midj.kksa dks Hkh vr;ar egroiw.kz LFkku fn;k x;k gsa laxhr f k{k.k dh vusd fof/k;ksa ds lkfk&2 JO;&n` ; midj.kksa ds }kjk Hkh laxhr ds ls)kfurd,oa fø;kred nksuksa gh i{kksa dks le`) cukus esa cgqr lg;ksx feyk gs] ftlls laxhr dh f k{kk] izpkj,oa izn kzu lhkh dqn izhkkfor gq,a ;g midj.k xq# dk LFkku rks ugha ys ldrs ijurq f k{kkffkz;ksa ds fy, cgqr mi;ksxh,oa lgk;d fl) gksrs gs aa laxhr ds izpkj izlkj es a rfkk mlds Lrj dks Åij mbkus esa Hkh bu midj.kks a dk lg;ksx,oa egro vdfkuh; gsa laxhr f k{k.k ds fy, mfpr JO;&n` ; midj.kks a
17 dk iz;ksx djus ls f k{kd,oa fo kfkhz nksuksa ds fy, gh laxhr f k{k.k izfø;k lqxe gks tkrh gsa JO; n` ; midj.kksa dks rhu Jsf.k;ksa es a fohkdr fd;k tk ldrk gs %& ¼d½ n` ;kred midj.k %& blds vurxzr ekwmy] fp= vkfn dk leuo; gksrk gs ftuds ek/;e ls laxhr ds kkl=h; i{k rfkk dqn,sfrgkfld rf;ksa vkfn dks izkekf.kd :i ls xzg.k fd;k tk ldrk gsa ekwmy & dqn izkphu ok tks vklkuh ls fo kffkz;ks a dks miyc/k ugha gksrs mugsa ekwmy ds :i esa izlrqr djds mugsa muds vkdkj izdkj vkfn ds ckjs esa le>k;k tk ldrk gsa ;fn ekwmy dk jax rfkk vkdkj ewy olrq ls feyrk tqyrk gks rks mldk izhkko vf/kd im+rk gsa fp= & fp=ksa ds }kjk fo kffkz;ksa dks fofhkuu laxhrkksa rfkk dykdkjksa ls ifjfpr djk;k tk ldrk gsa buds ek/;e ls fof k V ok ks a dh cukov o mudks ctkus ds fy, oknd dh csbd] u`r; dh eqnzk,a] yksd u`r;ks a dh :ijs[kk vkfn ls Nk= ifjfpr gks tkrk gsa laxhr ds mi;qdr okrkoj.k dk fp= mlds eflr d esa vafdr gks tkrk gsa
18 ¼[k½ JO;kRed midj.k & jsfm;ks] VsifjdkMZj] dkeisdv fmld] VªkaftLVj] bysdvªkfud rcyk] bysdvªkfud rkuiqjk vkfn midj.k JO;kRed midj.kksa dh Js.kh es a vkrs gs aa ;g midj.k laxhr f k{k.k ds {ks= es a egroiw.kz lkfcr gks jgs gsaa jsfm;ks o VªkaftLVj & f k{k.k ds fy, jsfm;ks vfkok VªkaftLVj lozjs B ek/;e Lohdkj fd, x, gs aa jsfm;ks rfkk VªkaftLVj nksuks a,d tsls gh midj.k gs aa chloha lnh ds iwokz)z rd jsfm;ks }kjk laxhr ds thoar dk;zøe gh izlkfjr fd, tkrs FksA lu 1948 bz- esa VªkaftLVj tsls midj.k dk vkfo dkj gks pqdk Fkk] ftl ij vkdk kok.kh ds dk;zøe fcuk fdlh fo qrh; midj.k ds lg;ksx ls lqus tk ldrs FksA ftls vklkuh ls dgha Hkh ys tkuk lahko FkkA orzeku le; esa ns k fons k dh?kvukvksa dk C;kSjk nsus okys ;g,sls midj.k gsa ftugs a llrk] lqunj vksj fvdkå midj.k dg ldrs gs aa budh dher vke O;fDr dh igqap esa gsa jsfm;ks ds vkfo dkj ls iwoz laxhr dk {ks= ladqfpr FkkA fdlh Hkh dykdkj dk xk;u&oknu dsoy mlds vklikl dh turk gh lqu ldrh FkhA ijurq jsfm;ks ds vkfo dkj us lelr izfl) dykdkjksa dk xk;u&oknu leiw.kz fo o ds dksus&2 rd
19 igqapk fn;k gsa laxhr ds izpkj izlkj ds fy, jsfm;ks,d l kdr ek/;e fl) gqvk gsa jsfm;ks dh lgk;rk ls laxhr bruk lqyhk gks x;k gs fd tks O;fDr /ku O;; djds dk;zøeksa dks ns[kus o lquus izr;sd LFkku ij ugha igqap ldrk og?kj csbs&2 gh viuh ilan ds dykdkjksa dks lqudj mlds laxhr dk ykhk,oa vkuun izkir dj ldrk gsa vkdk kok.kh ds dsanzksa ls izlkfjr fofhkuu dk;zøeks a }kjk laxhr f k{kk,oa f k{k.k dks Hkh fn kk iznku dh xbz gsa le;&2 ij ikb ;kstuk ds vurxzr f k{k.k laca/kh dk;zøe izlkfjr fd, tkrs gs aa ftugsa lqudj laxhr izseh?kj csbs&2 gh vius Kku esa o`f) dj ldrs gsaa izkphu le; es a dykdkjksa dh dyk dks lqjf{kr j[kus dk dksbz lk/ku ugha FkkA vkdk kok.kh ds laxzgky;ksa esa dykdkjksa dh jpukvksa dks lqjf{kr j[kk tkrk gsa vkdk kok.kh us dykdkjks a dks lekt es a leeku fnyok;k vksj jk Vªh; Lrj rd igqapk;k gsa vkdk kok.kh ij yxhkx lkjk fnu gh fdlh u fdlh dk;zøe dk izlkj.k gksrk jgrk gs] ijurq vf/kdka k le; laxhr ds dk;zøeksa dks gh fn;k tkrk gsa dsoy vkdk kok.kh gh ugha fokku us vkt bruh muufr dj yh gs fd lsvsykbv ds ek/;e ls cgqr ls,q-,e psuyksa dk vkfo dkj gks x;k gsa
20 jsfm;ks fephz],q-,e xksym],q-,e jsucks] jsfm;k ou vkfn psuyksa ij Hkh laxhr ds brus vpns dk;zøe izlrqr gksrs gsa ftuds }kjk?kj csbs gh laxhre; okrkoj.k dk ykhk mbk;k tk ldrk gsa th-lh- volfkh dh ^czkmdkflvax bu bf.m;k* ds vuqlkj ^10 tqykbz 1951 ds fnu vkdk kok.kh ds fnyyh dsunz ls laxhr ds jk Vªh; dk;zøe dk izfke iz;kl ns k dks lkald`frd,drk ds lw= esa cka/kus dh fn kk es a cgqr gh egroiw.kz FkkA* jsfm;ks }kjk izlkfjr laxhr ds jk Vªh; izlkj.k ds dk;zøeksa esa ns k ds mpp dksvh ds laxhrkksa,oa dykdkjksa dks vkeaf=r fd;k tkrk gs rfkk vu; mhkjrs ;qok dykdkjksa dks Hkh dyk izn kzu dk volj iznku fd;k tkrk gsa vkdk kok.kh ds fofhkuu psuyks a }kjk kkl=h; laxhr ij vk/kkfjr dk;zøeksa dk izlkj.k Hkh fu/kkzfjr le;,oa fnu dks gksrk gsa ns khkj esa tks Hkh egroiw.kz laxhr lhkk,a ;k lekjksg vk;ksftr fd, tkrs gs a] mudh fjdkwfmzax Hkh vkdk kok.kh ij izlkfjr dh tkrh gsa ^laxhr if=dk* dk;zøe ds vurxzr LVwfM;ks esa mppdksvh ds laxhrkksa dks vkeaf=r fd;k tkrk gs rfkk vkykspd] f k{kd rfkk dykdkj fdlh xgu
21 fo k; ij i{k vksj foi{k nksuksa igyqvksa ij ppkz djrs gs aa vkdk kok.kh }kjk izlkfjr,d vu; dk;zøe ^laxhr ikb* esa LVwfM;ks esa gh d{kk dh rjg fo kffkz;ksa dks f k{kk nh tkrh FkhA 1- vk/kqfud dky es a kkl=h; laxhr & MkW- gqdepun i`- 32 Jksrkx.k blls cgqr ykhkkfuor gksrs FksA Loj lewgksa vfkok xhr dk ckj&2 vh;kl djk;k tkrk FkkA Jksrkvksa }kjk Hksth lel;kvks a vksj iz uksa dk lek/kku Hkh bl dk;zøe esa fd;k tkrk FkkA orzeku esa ;g dk;zøe fdlh dkj.ko k can gks x;k gsa vkdk kok.kh ds laxzgky;ks a esa vusd Js B xk;dksa rfkk okndksa dh ppkz,a] ifjlaokn] Hkk k.k,oa xk;u&oknu dh fjdkwfmzax miyc/k gs] ftudk le;&2 ij jsfm;ks ij izlkj.k fd;k tkrk gsa jsfm;ks ij izlkfjr gksus okys dk;zøeksa esa laxhr&f k{k.k ds dk;zøeksa dk izlkj.k] mppdksfv ds laxhrkksa dk xk;u&oknu] kkl= ppkz vkfn laxhr ds fy, cgqr gh mi;ksxh rfkk ykhkizn gs dsoy ikb~; iqlrdks a ds ek/;e ls izkir f k{kk es a tks fopkj.kh; rf; Li V ugha gks ikrs og bu dk;zøeks a ds
22 ek/;e ls jkspd rfkk ljy gks tkrs gsa] ftugsa dsoy i<+dj gh ugha vfirq lqudj Nk= T;knk vpnh rjg ls xzg.k dj ysrs gsaa ;g lr; gh gs fd jsfm;ks laxhr ds izpkj] izlkj,oa f k{k.k dh n`f V ls Nk=ksa ds fy,,d l kdr,oa mi;ksxh ek/;e fl) gqvk gs vksj orzeku le; esa Hkh ;g viuh Hkwfedk iwjh fu Bk ds lkfk fuhkk jgk gsa VsifjdkWMZj & le; ds ifjorzu ds lkfk&2 Hkkjrh; laxhr f k{k.k iz.kkyh es a Hkh ifjorzu gqvk gsa vkt dh rst jqrkj ftunxh esa le;khkko ds dkj.k xq#&f k ; ijeijk }kjk laxhr lh[kuk izk;% dfbu lk gks x;k gsa fdurq izfl) xk;dks a&okndksa ds fjdkwmksza ds }kjk mudh xk;u ksyh dks dqn gn rd le>uk lahko gks x;k gsa Vsi&fjdkWMZj ds }kjk d{kk es a f k{kd }kjk fn[kkbz xbz cafn k vfkok xr dks fjdkwmz fd;k tk ldrk gsa ftls ckj&ckj lqudj fo kfkhz mls ;kn dj ysrs gs aa Vsi&fjdkWMZj dh i)fr LVwfM;ks fjdkwmzj dh rqyuk es a vr;ar ljy,oa llrh gsa ;g midj.k vklkuh ls,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku rd ys tk;k tk ldrk gsa fdlh Hkh dykdkj dk xk;u&oknu fjdkwmz fd;k tk ldrk gs vksj ckj&ckj lqudj mls dkqh gn rd lh[kk Hkh tk ldrk gsa cgqr ls dykdkj tks vkt
23 gekjs chp ugha gsa mugsa Hkh Vsi&fjdkWMZj ds ek/;e ls lquk tk ldrk gsa blds fy, fdlh Hkh cm+s LVwfM;ks dh vko ;drk ugha gksrha fdlh Hkh iqjkuh fjdkwfmzax dks fevkdj ubz fjdkwfmzax djuk vr;ar lgt gsa izr;sd fo kfkhz laxhr leesyuks a ds fy, /ku,oa le; O;; ugha dj ldrk ysfdu mughsa dk;zøeksa ds fjdkwmz fd, gq, dslsv miyc/k gks tkrs gsa vksj vklkuh ls mldk vkuun fy;k tk ldrk gsa n`f Vghu Nk=ks a ds fy, rks ;g midj.k ojnku lkfcr gqvk gsa os fø;kred i{k ds lkfk&2 kkl=h; i{k Hkh fjdkwmz djds mls vpnh rjg le> ldrs gsaa lk/kkj.k kcnksa esa dqn gn rd VsifjdkWMZj f k{kd dk dk;z dj ldrk gsa ^ia- f ko dqekj kekz* dk dfku gs & ^^,d pht es a dgqaxk fd Record tks gs og xq# dh txg ugha ys ldrka u gh dhkh fy;k gs vksj ugh ys ldrk gsa ;g vkidks help dj ldrk gs] tc vki xq# ls lgh rjhds ls rkyhe ys jgs gs a] vkidk lgh ekxzn kzu gks jgk gs] mlds ckn vki mldh ;kfu Record dh help ys ldrs gsaa vkius tks rkyhe yh gs] mldks
24 Record dj yhft, tks vkidks ;g lgk;rk fey tk,xh fd vki fqj ls nqckjk ¼fjokbt½ dj ldrs gsa] fqj ls lqu ldrs gsaa** 2 Vsi&fjdkMZj ds ek/;e ls fo kffkz;ksa esa laxhr ds izfr #fp tkx`r djus rfkk muds }kjk vius xk;u&oknu dks Vsi djds] mls fqj ls lqudj Lo;a viuh dfe;ksa dks tkuus o mudks nwj djus dh izo`fùk mriuu dh tk ldrh gsa 2- Hkkjrh; laxhr esa oskkfud midj.kksa dk iz;ksx & vuhrk xksre] i`- 77 orzeku le; esa f k{k.k iz.kkyh es a bldk c[kwch mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gsa fu%lansg bl midj.k dh cgqr vf/kd mi;ksfxrk gs vksj mpp Lrjh; laxhr f k{k.k ds {ks= esa bldk mi;ksx,oa egro vis{kkd`r vf/kd gsa VsifjdkMZj ds vkfo dkj,oa bldh lgt miyfc/k ls gj laxhr ftkklq dks viuh vkokt fjdkwmz djus vksj mls vkadus dk vklku rjhdk miyc/k gqvk gsa
25 dkweisdv fmld & orzeku le; esa dkweisdv fmld kkl=h; laxhr tslh dyk ds fy,,d vr;k/kqfud egroiw.kz ek/;e gsa ftlls u dsoy /ofu dks lqjf{kr fd;k x;k gs oju kkl=h; laxhr dh iqjkuh fjdkwfmz ax dks Hkh /ou;kred xq.kork dh n`f V ls vksj vf/kd mrd` V cukdj Nk=ks a dks ykhkfuor fd;k x;k gsa bldk iz;ksx laxhr fpfdrlk gsrq Hkh fd;k tk jgk gsa lekpkj i= ^VkbZEl vkwq bf.m;k* esa izdkf kr lk{kkrdkj ds vuqlkj ^yksukoyk* ds ikl dkjyk uke xkao ds ^MkW- ckykth rkacs* us laxhr fpfdrlk gsrq Lo;a dh nks lh-mh- rs;kj dh gsa & I have used music therepy in my too c.d s Healing Music for Energy and Healing Music for Relaxation 3 3- VkbZEl vkwq bf.m;k gh VªhVl;w fon E;wftd fnukad vfkkzr es a laxhr fpfdrlk esa viuh nks lh-mh- dk mi;ksx djrk gw A ÅtkZ ds fy, laxhr rfkk vkkjke nsus ds fy, laxhra bysdvªksfud rcyk,oa bysdvªkwfud rkuiqjk
26 oskkfud ;qx dk,d vksj vkfo dkj dqn,sls midj.k gsa tks laxfr,oa fj;kt ds fy, mi;ksxh fl) gq, gsaa bysdvªkfud rcyk] rkyekyk ;k fj;kt eklvj,d NksVk lk ;a= gsa blesa fofhkuu rkys fjdkwmz gksrh gs a vksj viuh bpnkuqlkj fdlh Hkh rky dks ctk;k tk ldrk gsa blesa rky dh xfr dks?kvk;k ;k c<+k;k tk ldrk gsa ;g,d cgqr gh mi;ksxh ;a= gsa tc dhkh d{kk esa rcyk oknd ugha gksrs rks ogka Nk=ksa dks bl midj.k ds ek/;e ls rky dh f k{kk nh tk ldrh gsa Nk=?kj ij Hkh fj;kt ds le; bldk iz;ksx dj ldrs gsaa bysdvªkwfud rkuiqjk Hkh vkdkj esa bysdvªkwfud rcys ds leku gh gksrk gsa blesa rkuiqjs ds Loj fjdkwmz gksrs gsa vksj xk;d vius Loj ds vuqlkj bls feykdj xk;u&oknu dj ldrk gsa bl midj.k es a ckj ckj rkj VwVus dk dksbz Mj ugha jgrk vksj u gh rkuiqjs ds rqecs ds leku ;g uktqd gksrk gsa bldks vklkuh ls dgha Hkh j[kk tk ldrk gsa bls ckj&2 feykuk Hkh ugha im+rka bu midj.kks a ds vkfo dkj esa vusd O;fDr;ksa dk egroiw.kz lg;ksx jgk gs ftuesa cs axyksj ds bysdvªkfud bathfu;j Jh th- jktukjk;.k rfkk t; flag HkkbZ ds uke fo ks k myys[kuh; gsaa
27 3-JO; n` ;kred midj.k & f k{kk ds gj Lrj ij vfkkzr iwoz izkfkfed Lrj ls ysdj mpprj f k{kk rd JO; n` ;kred midj.kks a dk egro vis{kkd`r vf/kd gsa /ofu dks fjdkwmz djus ds fy, xzkeksqksu dk vkfo dkj,d egroiw.kz dk;z Fkk] ijurq blesa fjdkfmzax djuk bruk vklku u Fkk] fdurq Vsi&fjdkMZj ds vkfo dkj ls vksj mlds vklkuh ls miyc/k gksus ls laxhr ds Nk=ksa dks viuk xk;u&oknu fjdkwmz djus vksj mls vkadus dk,d vklku rjhdk miyc/k gqvka ysfdu cnyrs le; ds lkfk&lkfk fokku us vksj rjddh dh rfkk /ofu ds lkfk&2 fp= dks Hkh fjdkmz djus dk vkfo dkj gks x;ka ftl izdkj Vsi fjdkmzj esa /ofu rjaxksa dks esxusv dh kfdr es a ifjofrzr djds fjdkwmz djrs gs a mlh izdkj ls fp= dks Hkh igys fo qr rjaxksa esa cnydj fqj mldks esxusv dh kfdr esa ifjofrzr djds fjdkwmz djuk vkjehk fd;k x;ka orzeku le; f k{k.k lalfkkvksa es a Hkh bu JO;&n` ;kred midj.kksa dh lgk;rk yh tkrh gsa fofhkuu laxhrkksa,oa dykdkjksa dh ohfm;ks fjdkwfmzax miyc/k gs ftldk ykhk Nk= mbk jgs gs aa bu midj.kksa ds ek/;e ls laxhr f k{kk ljy] Li V] LFkk;h o #fpdj gks xbz gsa bu midj.kksa esa izeq[k fueu gs &
28 Vsyhfotu & Vsyhfotu fokku dh,d vn~hkqr nsu gsa fo kffkz;ksa ds fy, rks ;g vkd kz.k dk ds anz gsa Vsyhfotu dks euksjatu dk loks ZÙke lk/ku ekuk tkrk gsa ;g fctyh dh lgk;rk ls pyrk gsa igyk nwjn kzu dsanz lu 1959 esa fnyyh esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k tks fd vkdk kok.kh ds,d vax ds :i esa FkkA nwljk nwjn kzu dsunz 2 vdvwcj lu 1972 esa eqecbz esa [kksyk x;ka vizsy lu 1976 esa nwjn kzu dsunz us vkdk kok.kh ls vyx,d Lora= fohkkx ds :i esa dk;z djuk vkjehk fd;ka igys nwjn kzu ls osr& ;ke izlkj.k gksrk FkkA 15 vxlr lu 1982 es a ns khkj esa jk Vªh; Lrj ij lsvsykbv bulsv I-A ds }kjk nwjn kzu dk jaxhu izlkj.k izkjehk fd;k x;ka vkt?kj&2 esa Vh-oh- miyc/k gs rfkk bl ij lhkh izdkj ds dk;zøe fn[kk, tkrs gsaa fokku us vkt bruh rjddh dj yh gs fd lsvsykbv ds ek/;e ls nwjn kzu ds cgqr ls psuyks a dk vkfo dkj gks x;k gsa nwjn kzu ds ek/;e ls laxhr dks Hkh c<+kok feyk gsa vf[ky Hkkjrh; laxhr ds dk;zøe ds vurxzr tkus ekus dykdkjksa dk xk;u&oknu,oa u`r; izlrqr fd;k
29 tkrk gsa blds }kjk dykdkjksa dks Hkh vf/kd [;kfr izkir gqbz gsa laxhr xksf B;ksa] leesyuksa] lk{kkrdkj vkfn Vsyhfotu ij iznf kzr fd, tkus okys,sls dk;zøe gsa ftugsa ns[k lqudj fo kfkhz vklkuh ls mlesa fufgr lkafxfrd rf;ksa dks le> ysrs gsa fo ofo ky; vuqnku vk;ksx }kjk Hkh Vsyhfotu ij le;&2 ij laxhr ds Js B dykdkjksa dks vkeaf=r djds muds dk;zøe n kkz;s tkrs gsaa Vsyhfotu ds dqn psuy rks dsoy laxhr ds psuy gh gsaa bu psuyksa ij vius ns k ds lkfk&2 fons kh laxhr Hkh ns[kus lquus dks feyrk gsa lksuh] th-vh-oh-] LVkj Iyl vkfn psuyksa ij laxhr ds mppdksvh ds dk;zøe izlrqr gksrs gsa ftuds }kjk?kj csbs gh laxhr dk vkuun izkir fd;k tk ldrk gsa ^LVkj Iyl* psuy ij ^okwbl vkwq bf.m;k* uked dk;zøe n kkz;k tkrk FkkA ftles a fofhkuu izns kksa ds ;qok xk;d viuk xk;u izlrqr djrs FksA blh psuy ds ek/;e ls ^NksVs mlrkn* dk;zøe Hkh izlrqr fd;k x;k ftles a ns k ds dksus&2 ls cppksa us Hkkx fy;ka bu uugsa dykdkjksa dk xk;u lqudj
30 ks k cppks a esa Hkh laxhr ds izfr #fp mriuu gks xbza bl izdkj ds dk;zøeksa esa le;&2 ij fqye txr ls tqm+h gflr;ka,oa laxhr txr ds Js B yksxksa dks fo ks k vfrffk ds :i esa vkeaf=r fd;k tkrk gs tks dykdkjksa dk gkslyk c<+krs gsa rfkk vius vewy; fopkjksa,oa fn kk funsz ku }kjk lhkh tks ykhkkfuor djrs gsaa blh izdkj th-vh-oh- ij fn[kk;k tkus okyk dk;zøe ^lk js x e i* dks Hkh turk us cgqr ljkgka bl dk;zøe dks fofhkuu Lrjksa ij izlrqr fd;k x;ka blesa fofhkuu izns kksa ls laxhr ds fo kffkz;ksa us Hkkx ysdj viuh dyk dk izn kzu fd;ka ^lk js x e i psysat 2006 esa fofhkuu ns kksa ds dykdkjksa us fgllk fy;ka,d vu; dk;zøe ^ lk js x e i fyfvy pseil* esa uugsa dykdkjks a us viuh lkafxfrd izfrhkk dk izn kzu djds lcdk eu eksg fy;ka ns k fons k ds izfl) dykdkjksa,oa lqxe laxhr ds laxhrdkjksa us bu laxhr izfr;ksfxrkvksa dk fu.kz; fd;ka tqykbz 2000 es a fn[kk, x,,d dk;zøe esa ^ia- jfo kadj* us dgk Fkk fd ftl izdkj ^lk js x e i* dk;zøe us xk;u ds {ks= dks bruk vf/kd fodflr fd;k gs mls ns[krs gq,
31 ,d vu; dk;zøe ^i /k fu lka* dh kq#vkr dh tkuh pkfg, ftles a oknu ds {ks= dks c<+kok feysa ^lksuh* psuy ij ^cwxh&cwxh* uked u`r; dk dk;zøe fn[kk;k tkrk gsa blesa fofhkuu vk;q ds fo kffkz;ksa dh u`r; izfr;ksfxrk gksrh gs dqn,filksml esa 5 ls 8 o kz rd ds cpps] dqn esa 9 ls 12 o kz rd ds cpps] dqn esa 13 ls 15 o kz rd ds cpps] dqn esa egkfo ky; rfkk dqn esa fo ofo ky; Lrj ds fo kfkhz viuh dyk dk izn kzu djrs gsaa,d dk;zøe ^eeeh Lis ky* esa efgykvks a us viuh dyk dk izn kzu fd;ka,dy u`r; lewg u`r; vkfn dh vyx&2 izfr;ksfxrk,a Hkh gksrh gsa oh-lh-vkj &,d vu; JO; dslsv fjdkmzj dk fooj.k nsuk Hkh vko ;d gsa nwjn kzu ij ge fdlh Hkh dk;zøe dks dsoy,d ckj gh ns[k ldrs gs aa oh-lh-vkj- }kjk ge nwjn kzu ij izlrqr dk;zøe dks fjdkwmz djds tc Hkh eu pkgs mls fqj ls ns[k ldrs gs aa vkt f k{k.k lalfkkvks a esa Hkh bl midj.k dh lgk;rk yh tk jgh gsa cktkj es a laxhr kkfl=;ksa,oa dykdkjksa ds xk;u&oknu,oa lk{kkrdkjksa dh ohfm;ks fjdkwfmz ax miyc/k gs]
32 ftlls vc?kj esa csbdj gh vius eu ilan dykdkjks a dks ns[kk lquk tk ldrk gsa dei;wvj &vkt dk ;qx dei;wvj dk ;qx dgk tk ldrk gsa leiw.kz fo o esa vkt dei;wvj dk gh cksyckyk gsa dei;wvj dh lgk;rk ls laxhr dh /ofu ds fo ys k.k ds fy, dqn xf.krh; dk;z fd, tkrs gsaa blls lkafxfrd /ofu dh vko`fr] rkjrk vkfn xq.kksa dks ukik tk ldrk gsa dei;wvj esa izksxzke dh lgk;rk ls laxhr dh /kqu o jkx Hkh igpkus tk ldrs gs a vksj lq{e =qfv;ka Hkh Kkr dh tk ldrh gsaa dei;wvj dh lgk;rk ls /ofu gh ugha cfyd laxhr dh /kquksa,oa jkxksa dh jpuk Hkh dh tk ldrh gs rfkk dbz /kquksa dks tksm+dj u,&2 jkxksa dh jpuk Hkh lahko gsa dei;wvj ij vusdksa csclkbv miyc/k gs ftu ij laxhr leca/kh cgqr lh lkexzh izkir dh tk ldrh gsa oh-lh-mh-,oa Mh-oh-Mh- &orzeku le; esa oh-lh-mh-,oa Mh-oh-Mh- kkl=h; laxhr tslh dyk ds fy,,d vr;k/kqfud egroiw.kz ek/;e gsa ftlls u dsoy /ofu dks lqjf{kr j[kk tk ldrk gs oju laxhr dh iqjkuh fjdkwfmzax
33 dks Hkh /ou;kred xq.kork dh n`f V ls vksj vf/kd mrd` V cuk;k tk ldrk gsa ;g lr; gs fd vkt ds bl oskkfud ;qx esa laxhr f k{k.k ds {ks= esa u,&2 midj.k cgqr gh egroiw.kz Hkwfedk fuhkk jgs gs aa jsfm;ks] Vh-oh- dslsv vkfn ds }kjk muds egroiw.kz funsz kksa ds Vsi lqudj ;k ohfm;ks ns[kdj f k{kd dh vuqiflfkfr es a fofhkuu dykdkjksa dh ksfy;ksa dk vuqdj.k dj ikuk lahko gks x;k gsa bl izdkj fo kfkhz,d rks ubz&2 ckrks a dks lh[krk gs] nwljs mlesa vkre fuhkzjrk dh Hkkouk tkx`r gksrh gsa bl izdkj fof k V?kjkuks a ds izfrfuf/k;ksa dks lqurs gq, og Lo;a ;g fo ys k.k djus esa l{ke gks tkrk gs fd muds xk;u&oknu dh fo ks krkvks a dk fø;kred Lo:I D;k gsa blds vfrfjdr bu izpkj ek/;eks a ij fofhkuu lkafxfrd fo k;ksa ls lecaf/kr izlkfjr okrkz,a],sfrgkfld tkudkjh] jkx /;ku ls lecaf/kr fp=] o`anoknu] fhkuu&2 ksfy;ksa ds u`r; vkfn ds dk;zøe rfkk muls lecf/kr fo ys k.kkred fooj.k vkfn dk izlkj.k u dsoy lkeku; euksjatu dk midj.k curk gs cfyd laxhr ds ks{kf.kd i{k dks
34 Hkh le`) djrk gsa fdurq jsfm;ks rfkk nwjn kzu tks izeq[k izpkj ek/;e gs mudk /;ku Hkh fokkiuksa ij vf/kd gsa kkl=h; laxhr finm+ x;k gsa lqxe laxhr ds uke ij fp=gkj rfkk fofhkuu psuyksa ij izlkfjr gksus okyk fqyeh laxhr gsa ogka tks dqn Hkh xk;u ds uke ij gsa mles a xk;u de mnydwn T;knk gsa bl fygkt ls yksdlaxhr dh dk;zøeks a dh flfkfr dqn csgrj izrhr gksrh gsa laxhr,d lk/kuk gs] bls tynh esa u rks lh[kk gh tk ldrk gs vksj u gh le>k tk ldrk gsa blesa ifjje ds lkfk leiz.k dh Hkkouk dh Hkh vko ;drk gsa laxhr dh f k{kk vu; fo k;ks a dh f k{kk ls fhkuu gsa ;gka dsoy iqlrd vfkok iz;ksx kkyk Hkj ls dke ugha py ldrka laxhr ds izfr lefizr jgdj] xq#&f k ; ijeijk dk fuokzg djds gh bldks lgha <ax ls vkrelkr fd;k tk ldrk gsa laxhr lh[kus ds fy, xq# vko ;d gs ftlds funsz ku esa gh laxhr dh ckjhfd;ka lh[kh tk ldrh gsaa xq# dne&2 ij f k ; dks jkg fn[kkrk gsa xq#&f k ; ijeijk dks fø;kred laxhr f k{kk ds fy, Js B fof/k Lohdkj fd;k x;k gsa,d vpnk dykdkj cuus ds fy, o kks Za rd xq# ds fujh{k.k esa f k{kk rfkk vh;kl dh vko ;drk gksrh gsa
35 orzeku le; esa dkweisdv fmld,e-ih- 3 vkfn O;olkf;d lk/kuksa }kjk laxhr laj{k.k dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gsa dei;wvj dh lgk;rk ls laxhr ds oskkfud rroksa dk fo ys k.k dj mugsa le>k tk ldrk gsa ijurq bysdvªkfud midj.kksa ds c<+rs iz;ksx us xq#&f k ; ijeijk dh laxhr ksyh dh,dfu Brk] kkl=h; laxhr ds fo k;c) v/;;u vkfn lhkh {ks=ksa esa fod`fr mriuu dj nh gsa bu lhkh dfe;ksa dks nwj djus ds fy, olrqr% xq# f k ; ijeijk f k{k.k iz.kkyh dh xgu f k{k.k i)fr dh vpnkb;ks a dks lfeefyr dj lkewfgd f k{k.k iznku fd;k tkuk pkfg, rfkk la[;kred izlkj ds LFkku ij xq.kkred izlkj dks egùkk nsdj fqj ls laxhr ds fxjrs Lrj dks lq/kkjk tk ldrk gsa
dqn vizpfyr rkyksa dk ifjp; 'kqhke oekz vfrffk izodrk&laxhr fohkkx N=ifr 'kkgwth egkjkt fo0fo0 dkuiqja lkjka'k ¼ABSTRACT½
dqn vizpfyr rkyksa dk ifjp; 'kqhke oekz vfrffk izodrk&laxhr fohkkx N=ifr 'kkgwth egkjkt fo0fo0 dkuiqja lkjka'k ¼ABSTRACT½ dqn vizpfyr rkyksa dk laf{kir ifjp; mnkgj.k ds lkfk tsls&v"veaxy rky 11 ek=k] bdokbz
Detaljerekuo esa O;oLFkk ekuo esa vksj kjhj ds lg&vflrro ds :i esa
ekuo esa O;oLFkk ekuo vksj ds lg&vflrro ds :i esa Lo;a esa v/;;u 1. v/;;u olrq: a. pkguk - y{; b. djuk - dk;zøe lq[k] le`f) fujarjrk lq[k ¾ laxhr esa] O;oLFkk esa thuk O;oLFkk dks le>uk] O;oLFkk esa thuk
DetaljerPSC, Bank(Clerk/PO), SSC, Railways, S.I., Classes Director Rajeev Sir, Mob.& WhatApp No
INTRODUCTION MATRIX bl dksfv ds iz uksa esa v{kjksa,oa vadks ds nks fefjr lsv~l fn, x, gksrs gs, ftuesaa izr;sd v{kj ds fy, nks-nks vadks dk dwv fu/kkzfjr gksrk gsa iz uksa dk mrrj esfvªlsl esa fn, x,
DetaljerDDE. mi;ksfxrk ¼r`f"Vxq.k½ fo'ys"k.k vksj mihkkssdrk lurqyu dk fu/kkzj.k. Programme. Class: B.A.-I. Subject: Economics
mi;ksfxrk ¼r`f"Vxq.k½ fo'ys"k.k vksj mihkkssdrk lurqyu dk fu/kkzj.k (UTILITY ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION OF CONSUMER s EQUILIBRIUM ) DDE Programme Class: B.A.-I Dr. M.P. Mathur Directorate of Distance Education
DetaljerDDE. le&lhekur rqf"vxq.k dk fu;e ¼Law of Equi-Marginal Utility½. Programme. Class: B.A. I
Lesson: 4 le&lhekur rqf"vxq.k dk fu;e ¼Law of Equi-Marginal Utility½ DDE Programme Class: B.A. I Dr. M.P. Mathur Directorate of Distance Education Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra Subject: Economics
Detaljerjtc ds eghus esa mezk djuk
jtc ds eghus esa mezk djuk لعمر يف شهر جب [ fgunh ] هند & Hindi & eq qgeen lkys sg vy&eq qufttn vuqokn% vrkmjz Zgeku ft+ +;kmyykg 2010-1431 لعمر يف شهر جب» باللغة هلندية «حممد صالح ملنجد ترمجة: عطا لرمحن
Detaljer'kk[kk dk dksm+ 'kk[kk dk uke. Øa la0. r`rh; lseslvj esa fjdr lhvksa la[;k. lalfkk es AICTE }kjk Lohd`r lhvks dh la[;k ( )
¼çk:i&01½ l=&2019&20 MkW,0ih0ts0 vcnqy dyke çkfof/kd fo'ofo ky;] y[kuå ¼mRrj izns'k½ lalfkk dk uke % -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ¼laLFkk
DetaljerUP CONSTABLE MOCK TEST 05 (SOLUTION)
UP CONSTABLE MOCK TEST 0 (SOLUTION) 81. (C) A vksj B dh {kerk dk vuqikr : 140 : 7 A vksj B }kjk dk;z dks djus es a fy, x, le; dk vuqikr 7 : 14 10 B }kjk dk;z dks djus ds fy, x, vhkh"v fnuksa dh la[;k 10
Detaljerfc;kuh xylz ch-,m+ dkwyst] t;iqj¼jktlfkku½ ¼l= ½
'kks/k izfrosnu ßf'k{kd izf'k{k.k egkfo ky;ksa sa esa izf'k{k.k dk izf'k{k.kkffkz;ksa dh v/;kiu] vfhk:fp] vfhko`fùk o vfhk{kerk ij im+us okys izhkkoksa dk v/;;uaþ funsz kd Jh euh"k lsuh ¼O;k[;krk½ izlrqrd=hz
Detaljervkids uke esa bl v{kj dk Qy % ftu O;fä;ksa ds uke dk igyk v{kj vaxzsth o.kzekyk
uke dk v{kj % P dk ^ih* gksrh gs muds vurezu esa Hk;adj VwVu o gkgkdkj gksrk gs] ij vlá d"v gksus ij Hkh os Åij ls 'kkar cus jgrs gsa] dhkh mf}xu gksrs ns[ks ugha tkrsa vius d"vksa vksj jgl;ksa dks fnikrs
DetaljerAnnual Reports Brochures News Letters Maganizes ~ 181 ~
v/;k;&lire 1- ;gka tuleidz fohkkx dk dke] [kknh,oa xzkeks ksx olrqvksa ds ckjsa esa lekpkj izlkfjr djuk gs] ftlls fd tu lk/kkj.k esa [kknh,oa xzkeks ksx ds izfr vpnh Hkkouk isnk gks ldsa dhkh&dhkh ;g fohkkx
Detaljer321] 'kkurh dkwyksuh] bvkok ¼m0iz0½
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DetaljerNw rd u ldsa ;fn vkius ;g dj fy;k gs] rks ge bl lelr iz u esa vkxs c<+ ldrs gsa fd /;ku D;k gsa
;fn lahko gks] rks bl kke esa /;ku ds ckjs esa ppkz djuk pkgwaxka esa bl ckjs esa ckr djuk pkgwaxk] D;kasfd eq>s yxrk gs fd ;g fo k; thou esa lokzf/kd egùoiw.kz gsa ^/;ku* dks le>us ds fy, vksj blesa xgjkbz
Detaljerf'k{kdksa dk f'k{k.k O;ogkj
2018 IJSRST Volume 3 Issue 1 Print ISSN: 2395-6011 Online ISSN: 2395-602X Themed Section: Science and Technology f'k{kdksa dk f'k{k.k O;ogkj Dheerendra Kumar Singh ;wthlh usv&tsvkj,q ¼f k{kk'kkl=½] 'kks/k
Detaljeriz u % vkius dgk gs fd iw.kz vo/kku kqhk gs( rc v kqhk D;k gs\
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DetaljerDownload UPTET Exam Paper "Bal Vikas aur Abhigyan"
Download UPTET Exam Paper - 2013 "Bal Vikas aur Abhigyan" Hkkx 1 cky fodkl o vfhkkku 1- ^laosx O;fDr dh mùksftr n'kk gs* ;g dfku fueukafdr esa ls fdldk gs\ ¼1½ fi;kts ¼2½ oqmofkz ¼3½ osysuvkbu ¼4½ jkwl
Detaljerfoùkiksf"kr,oa LofoÙkiksf"kr ek/;fed fo ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr fo kffkz;ksa ds lek;kstu dk rqyukred v/;;u
2018 IJSRST Volume 4 Issue 7 Print ISSN: 2395-6011 Online ISSN: 2395-602X foùkiksf"kr,oa LofoÙkiksf"kr ek/;fed fo ky;ksa esa v/;;ujr fo kffkz;ksa ds lek;kstu dk rqyukred v/;;u MkW0 jkecyh ;kno 'kks/k&funsz'kd
Detaljervius varl dh vkokt lquuka dgha ;g rqegkjk vgadkj rks ugha tks dg jgk gs fd fdlh ds vuq;klh er cuks\
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Detaljerfcuk fdlh dkj.k ds jet+ku esa jkst+k rksm+ nsuk b rk vksj oskkfud vuqla/kku dh LFkk;h lfefr
fcuk fdlh dkj.k ds jet+ku esa jkst+k rksm+ nsuk لا فطا يف بغري عذ مضا [ fgunh ] هند & Hindi & b rk vksj oskkfud vuqla/kku dh LFkk;h lfefr vuqokn% vrkmjz Zgeku ft+ +;kmyykg 2010-1431 عذ بغري يف مضا لا فطا»
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N=ifr 'kkgw th egkjkt fo'ofo ky;] dkuiqj fo'ofo ky; esa bz&xozusul ¼E-Governance½ lqfo/kk ds folrkj ds dze esa fnukad 01 tuojh] 2015 ls izkjehk dh tkus okyh izlrkfor O;oLFkkvksa dh dk;zfof/k A fo'ofo ky;
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Detaljerppkz ds fcunq Li"Vhdj.k ds fcunq lanhkz
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DetaljerNavchetana Homilies. December 02, 2018
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Detaljer;ejkt dh fn'kk. ek us,d ckj eq>ls dgk Fkk& nf{k.k dh rji+kq isj djosq er lksuk og e`r;q dh fn'kk gs vksj ;ejkt dks ozqq¼ djuk cqf¼ekuh dh ckr ugha
s panzdkar nsorkys panzdkar nsorkys dk tue lu~ 1936 esa xk o tksy[ksm+k] f kyk csrwy] eè; izns'k esa gqvka mpp f'k{kk banksj ls gqbz rfkk ih,p-mh- lkxj fo'ofo ky;] lkxj lsa lkbksùkjh fganh dfork osq izeq[k
Detaljergfj;k.kk xzkeh.k aa a ukekafdr,oa fo ky; ls ckgj cpps fo ky;,oa iwoz izkfkfed fo ky; esa NksVs cpps
lhkh fo'ys"k.k?kjksa ls izkir vk dm+ksa ij vk/kkfjr gsa 20 esa ls 6 ft+ys es aa a ukekafdr,oa ls ckgj cpps Vscy fofhkuu izdkj ds ksa eas cppksa dk izfr'kr 20 vk;q oxz vu; vk;q 6 ls 4 lhkh cpps vk;q 7 ls
Detaljerjk/kk fdrkc jgh gsa
d{kk & igyh @ fo k; & fgunh okfvdk iwa.kkzd & 30 uke ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oxz -------------- jksy ua ---------------fnukad----------------------------
Detaljerekuuh; eq[;ea=h] fcgkj Jh uhrh'k dqekj ds }kjk fnukad& dks dyk lald`fr,oa ;qok fohkkx ds dk;zøe esa fn;s x;s Hkk"k.
ekuuh; eq[;ea=h] fcgkj Jh uhrh'k dqekj ds }kjk fnukad& 15-05-2015 dks dyk lald`fr,oa ;qok fohkkx ds dk;zøe esa fn;s x;s Hkk"k.k dk VªkalfØIlu vknj.kh; jth vgen lkgc Jh j?kqifr th] vkyksd /kuoj th],œ,uœ
Detaljer>kj[kam xzkeh.k. aa a ukekafdr,oa fo ky; ls ckgj cpps. fo ky;,oa iwoz izkfkfed fo ky; esa NksVs cpps
lhkh fo'ys"k.k?kjksa ls izkir vk dm+ksa ij vk/kkfjr gsa 22 esa ls 20 ft+ysa es aa a ukekafdr,oa ls ckgj cpps Vscy fofhkuu izdkj ds ksa eas cppksa dk izfr'kr 20 vk;q oxz vu; vk;q 6 ls 4 lhkh cpps vk;q 7
DetaljerLakfxuh tsumj fjlkslz lsuvj th 3/385 xqyeksgj dkyksuh Hkksiky & e/;izns k
Lakfxuh tsumj fjlkslz lsuvj th 3/385 xqyeksgj dkyksuh Hkksiky & e/;izns k gekjs ckjs esa lafxuh dh dke dh kq:zzvkr o"kz 2003 esa ukjhoknh fopkj/kkjk ds lkfk kq: gq;h ftles blds LFkkiuk o"kz ls gh gekjh
Detaljerusfrd lacks/ku %& ckyd fdlh Hkh olrq ds lgh vksj xyr ds n`f"vdks.k dks vius ekrk&firk ls lh[krk gs] muls tkurk gs] le>rk gs vksj vuqikyu djrk gsa og
bdkbz&2 % usfrdrk&cgqlald`fr] /kez,oa iztkrkaf=d lekt esa usfrdrk lajpuk 2-1 ifjp; 2-2 mn~ns'; 2-3 usfrdrk dh izd`fr,oa vfkz 2-4 usfrd fu.kz; ysus ds volj 2-5 lald`fr dk vfkz 2-6 lald`fr dh izd`fr 2-7
Detaljerfm-,q~-,p~-vh % 01 fgunh Hkk kk ds fofo/k izk;ksfxd #i & 4 क र ड ट
fm-,q~-,p~-vh % 01 fgunh Hkk kk ds fofo/k izk;ksfxd #i & 4 क र ड ट bdkbz &01% jk VªHkk kk rfkk jkthkk kk ds #i esa fgunh &2 ØsfMV 1-1 izlrkouk 1-2 mìs ; 1-3 Hkk kk D;k gs \ 1-3-1 Hkk kk dh ifjhkk kk 1-3-2
DetaljerST. XAVIERS SCHOOL, DORANDA SYLLABUS FOR ( ) CLASS PREP
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Detaljerक़ ब र न क क़ मत क सद क़ करन
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Detaljernot to be republished NCERT ljy js[kk, vè;k; 10
10.1 lexz voyksdu (Overviews) ljy js[kk, 10.1.1 js[kk dh
DetaljerSample Copy. Not for Distribution.
emzj Iyku (Murder Plan) i EDUCREATION PUBLISHING Shubham Vihar, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh - 495001 Website: www.educreation.in Copyright, 2017, Vasant Kumar Jha All rights reserved. No part of this
Detaljerek;kokn dh vkykspuk Hkkouk 'kqdyk 'kks/kpnk=k] lal r fohkkx bykgkckn fo'ofo ky;] bykgkckn
2017 IJSRST Volume 3 Issue 3 Print ISSN: 2395-6011 Online ISSN: 2395-602X ek;kokn dh vkykspuk Hkkouk 'kqdyk 'kks/kpnk=k] lal r fohkkx bykgkckn fo'ofo ky;] bykgkckn vkpk;z jkekuqt us 'k³~djkpk;z çfrikfnr
DetaljerHkk0d``0v0i0&dsUnzh; ÒSal vuqla/kku lalfkku] fglkj
Hkk0d``0v0i0&dsUnzh; ÒSal vuqla/kku lalfkku] fglkj uhykeh&lwpuk dsunzh; ÒSal vuqla/kku lalfkku] fglkj ds ifjlj esa fnukwad 1.0.2019 dks izkr% 10 cts fueufyf[kr i'kqvksa dks vke uhykeh }kjk cspk tk;sxk%
Detaljerçlwfr çlqfo/kk vf/kfu;e] 1961
çlwfr çlqfo/kk vf/kfu;e] 1961 izdk'kd % ^U;k; lnu^ >kj[kam jkt; fof/kd lsok izkf/kdkj Mksj.Mk] jk ph çlwfr çlqfo/kk vf/kfu;e] 1961 ;g vf/kfu;e fueufyf[kr izfr"bkuksa ij ykxw gksrk gs& dkj[kkuksa] [kku]
DetaljerANUŚĪLANA, Vol. LXXV, Year 2017, ISSN
ANUŚĪLANA, Vol. LXXV, Year 2017, ISSN 0973-8762 u lks flr çr;;ks yksds ;= dkyks u HkklrsA 1 rknkre;] tks lhkh phtks a dk [kqn ls gksrk gs] vxj ugha gksrk gs rks bldk eryc gksrk gs fd og pht ogh ugha gsa
Detaljerfookg ls lacaf/r fofhkuu ;ksx
fookg ls lacaf/r fofhkuu ;ksx 1-,d fookg ds ;ksx 166 & d:.kk 'kekz lokzfkz fpurkef.k ;fn f}rh;s'k rfkk lires'k nksuksa gh Lojkf'k;ksa esa gksa rks tkrd dh,d L=kh gksrh gsa tkrdhkj.ke~ 1- yxu ls ckjgosa
DetaljerNAVCHETANA HOMILIES 25 DECEMBER 2017
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DetaljerO;kolkf;d lapkj. egf kz n;kuun fo ofo ky; jksgrd& nwjlfk f k{kk funs kky; ch-dkwe- I
1 ch-dkwe- I nwjlfk f k{kk funs kky; egf kz n;kuun fo ofo ky; jksgrd&124 001 2 Copyright 2002, Maharshi Dayanand University, ROHTAK All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
Detaljerjk"vªh; lqj{kk,oa mldk lsu; egro
KAAV INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS, HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES jk"vªh; lqj{kk,oa mldk lsu; egro eerk 'kekz 'kks/k Nk=k, lsu; fokku thokth fo'o fo ky; Xokfy;j ¼e-iz-½ vius ns'k ds fy;s fdlh gn rd viuk
Detaljervkwuykbu dkwmulsfyax dh izfø;k
vkwuykbu dkwmulsfyax dh izfø;k ch-lh-bz-lh-bz-] cksmz }kjk vk;ksftr dh tkusokyh fofhkuu izfr;ksfxrk ijh{kkvksa ds vk/kj ij es k&lg&fodyi ds vuqlkj lhv vkoavu ds fy;s dkwmulsfyax Offline mode ls dh tkrh
Detaljernot to be republished NCERT ikuh vksj èkwi pksngok ikb
pksngok ikb ikuh vksj èkwi vhkh vhkh Fkh èkwi] cjlus yxk dgk ls ;g ikuh fdlus iqksm+?km+s ckny osq dh gs bruh 'ksrkuha lwjt us D;ksa can dj fy;k vius?kj dk njok kk mldh ek us Hkh D;k mldks cqyk fy;k dgdj
Detaljerla[;k ijh{kk dk fooj.k izd`fr ds izdkj&, izd`fr ds izdkj& ch izd`fr ds izdkj& lh 1- izkd`frd kjhj dk fuekz.k 1- nqcyk 2- yack 3- vflr ;qdr
1- izkd`frd kjhj dk fuekz.k 1- nqcyk 2- yack 3- vflr ;qdr e/;e vf/kd ekalisf k;ka 2- Ropk ds jax vksj cukov 1- lkaoyh vksj [kzqnjh 2- kq"d vksj [kzqnjh 3- QVs gq, gkfk&ik o 4- khr-:{k ;qdr 1- xksjh 2-
Detaljereq>s izrhr gksrk gs fd euq"; krkfcn;ksa ls kkafr] eqfdr rfkk ijekuan dh ml flfkfr dks kstrk jgk gs] ftls og bz'oj dgrk gsa bls mlus fhkuu&fhkuu ukeksa
eq>s izrhr gksrk gs fd euq"; krkfcn;ksa ls kkafr] eqfdr rfkk ijekuan dh ml flfkfr dks kstrk jgk gs] ftls og bz'oj dgrk gsa bls mlus fhkuu&fhkuu ukeksa ls vksj bfrgkl ds vyx&vyx dky[kamksa esa
Detaljerbdkbz&2 Hkk"kk ds fodkl dh ;qfdr;kw
bdkbz&2 Hkk"kk ds fodkl dh ;qfdr;kw ifjp; mn~ns'; 1- f}hkk"kkokn 2- cgqhkk"kkckn 3- eksf[kd Hkk"kk mi;ksx ds mikxe dh ;qfdr;kw 3-1 eksf[kd Hkk"kk mi;ksx ds mn~ns';,oa fo'ks"krk,aa 3-2 eksf[kd Hkk"kk mi;ksx
Detaljerpksjh vksj ykirk olrqvks a dks iqu% çkfir
pksjh vksj ykirk olrqvks a dks iqu% çkfir 311 µ eksfudk dkspj 1) pksjh ds ç'u esa dsuæksa dk vfkz %& yxu ls & ç'udùkkz ;k ftlds?kj pksjh gqbz 4H & pksjh xbz olrq dk LFkku 10H & iqfyl blds vfrfjdr pksjh
Detaljerlqlokxre~ ch-dkwe-f}rh; o kz ¼prqFkZ l=½ izlrqrdrkz izk- MkW- mekvs lkbzukfk rqdkjke n;kuan okf.kt; egkfo ky;] ykrwj ftyk ykrwj egkjk Vª
lqlokxre~ ~~ ch-dkwe-f}rh; o kz ¼prqFkZ l=½ izlrqrdrkz izk- MkW- mekvs lkbzukfk rqdkjke n;kuan okf.kt; egkfo ky;] ykrwj ftyk ykrwj egkjk Vª %% iz;kstuewyd fganh dk ukedj.k %% iz;kstuewyd fganh ds lanhkz
Detaljergqde u tkuus ds dkj.k jet+ku ds fnu esa iruh ls dbz ckj lahkksx dj ysus okys dk gqde
gqde u tkuus ds dkj.k jet+ku ds fnu esa iruh ls dbz ckj lahkksx dj ysus okys dk gqde حكم من جامع جته يفنها مضا عد مر جاهلا باحلكم [ fgunh ] هند & Hindi & अ ल म अ द ल अज़ ज़ बन अ द ल ह बन ब ज़ र हमह ल ह vuqokn%
Detaljervkpk;z gtkjh izlkn f}osnh dh ekuorkoknh&n`f"v
vkpk;z gtkjh izlkn f}osnh dh ekuorkoknh&n`f"v MkW- vkj-ih- oekz],lks- izks-,oa v/;{k fgunh fohkkx] jktdh; egkfo ky; xkslkbz[ksm+k] tuin&muuko] m-iz- vkpk;z gtkjh izlkn f}osnh dkjf;=h vksj Hkkof;=h izfrek
Detaljerआश व द हम द बन अब द ल ल इब र ह. vuqokn %vrkmjzgeku ft+;kmyykg
आश व द ] هندي & Hindi [ fgunh & हम द बन अब द ल ल इब र ह vuqokn %vrkmjzgeku ft+;kmyykg 2012-1433 تلفاؤل» اللغة اهلندية «حود بن عبد االله إبراهيم ت مجة : عطاء لرمحن ضياء االله 2012-1433 fcfleyykfgjzgekfujzghe
DetaljerHkk kk f k{k.k %&esjk vuqhko ¼ikVZ&1½
Hkk kk f k{k.k %&esjk vuqhko ¼ikVZ&1½ ge dqn Hkh fl[kuk pkgs mlds fy, Hkk kk dh vko ;drk gksrh gsa og bl vfkz es fd gekjh dyiuk] fopkj] rdz o rqyuk dk vk/kkj Hkk kk gh gsa vr% izkfkfed Lrj ls gh Hkk kk
DetaljerHkk"kk&foKku.,e-,- lalñr ¼iwokZ)Z½. nwjlfk f k{kk funs kky; egf kz n;kuun fo ofo ky; jksgrd&
Hkk"kk&foKku 1,e-,- lalñr ¼iwokZ)Z½ nwjlfk f k{kk funs kky; egf kz n;kuun fo ofo ky; jksgrd&124 001 2 Copyright 2003, Maharshi Dayanand University, ROHTAK All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication
Detaljercky lalkj lalfkk pquksfr;ksa dks volj esa cnyus dh rs;kjh lewg dsfunzr ifjppkz gsrq ekxznf kzdk
cky lalkj lalfkk lewg dsfunzr ifjppkz gsrq ekxznf kzdk fd kksj&fd kksfj;ksa dh eu%flfkfr] ut+fj;s] t:jrksa] liuksa rfkk mudh n`f"v ls lel;kvksa dks le>us gsrkq t;iqj] vtesj,oa Vksad ftys dh 50 xzke iapk;krksa
Detaljer^oksvj ekrk dh t;!* ij dqn leefr;k
oksvj ekrk dh t;! ^oksvj ekrk dh t;!* ij dqn leefr;k fcgkj dh efgyk oksvj dh vkokt dks dksbz ugha dj ldrk ^[+kkeks'k!* µ'k=kq?u flugk fcgkjh efgykvksa dh lkekftd,oa jktuhfrd tkx:drk dk thour izek.ka µiou
DetaljerRashtriy Bhasha Hindi Ka Vikaas Aur Alpsankhyak Vargon Par Uska Prabhav
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Detaljervuqÿef.kdk vè;k; & 1 DBMS vksj RDBMS ifjp;
vuqÿef.kdk vè;k; & 1 DBMS vksj RDBMS ifjp; --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5-18 vè;k; & 2 vkwjsdy RDBMS rfkk DykbaV@loZj dei;wfvax dk ifjp; ---------------------------
Detaljerआध य त म क च नऱ प रस त ततय क स वर ऩ और ववषय व ववध य क अध ययन
KAAV INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTS, HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES A REFEREED BLIND PEER REVIEW QUARTERLY JOURNAL KIJAHS / OCT-DEC (2018) /VOL-5/ISS-4/A11 PAGE NO.59-63 ISSN: 2348-4349 WWW.KAAVPUBLICATIONS.ORG
Detaljeryksd iz'kklu dk vfkz] izd`fr,oa {ks=
s bdkbz&i v/;k; & 1 yksd iz'kklu dk vfkz] izd`fr,oa {ks= (Meaning, Nature and Scope of Public Administration) ekuo,d lkekftd izk.kh gsa og lnso lekt esa jgrk gsa izr;sd lekt dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, dksbz
Detaljerxhkkzolfkk ds nksjku gkbiksfkk;jk;fmte dh tkap
5 ekr` LokLF; ekm~;qy 5 xhkkzolfkk ds nksjku gkbiksfkk;jk;fmte dh tkap (Screening of Hypothyroidism during Pregnancy) jktlfkku ljdkj fpfdrlk] LokLF;,oa ifjokj dy;k.k fohkkx jktlfkku rduhdh lg;ksx % ;qfulsq]
Detaljerizsepan dk,sfrgkfld Hkk"k.k ^lkfgr; dk mn~ns ;* ¼1936½ ¼izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k ds igys leesyu esa izsepan }kjk fn;k x;k v/;{kh; odro;½
Sahitya Ka Uddeshya - Premchand izsepan dk,sfrgkfld Hkk"k.k ^lkfgr; dk mn~ns ;* ¼1936½ ¼izxfr'khy ys[kd la?k ds igys leesyu esa izsepan }kjk fn;k x;k v/;{kh; odro;½ lttuks] ;g leesyu gekjs lkfgr; ds bfrgkl
Detaljerj k " V ª f u e k Z. k d s i F k i j f g U n h
1 j k " V ª f u e k Z. k d s i F k i j f g U n h Xkkft;kckn ckj ls esjk odkyr ds le; ls gh,d e/kqj lecu/k jgk gsa esa ckj esa vkrk tkrk jgk gw A b/kj nl o "kksaz ls ckj esa vkuk ugha gqvka vkus dh bpnk
Detaljerlekpkj izlkj.k ekud fu;ekoyh
1- ifjhkk"kk,a lekpkj izlkj.k ekud fu;ekoyh bu fu;eksa ds mn~ns ; ds fy;s fueufyf[kr 'kcnks a dk vfkz fueu izdkj ls le>k tkuk pkfg, % 1-1 ^^izkf/kdj.k** ¼vkWFkfjVh½ dk vfkz U;wt czkmdklvlz,lksfl, ku ¼^^,uch,**½
Detaljerizfrfu;qfdr (Deputation) gsrq vkosnu i= dk izk:i
Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Investment Program Government of Uttarakhand 777, Satvik Tower, Main Kaulagarh Road, Rajender Nagar, Dehradun Phone : 035-2753894,Fax:035-2754895 Email: uusdip@gmail.com
Detaljerप र क त क त तकत M Y 203. mrrjk[k.m eqdr fo ofo ky; 1
bdkbz&1 çkd`frd fpfdrlk dh ifjhkk"kk çknqhkkzo,oa fodkl 1-1- izlrkouk 1-2- mn~ns ; 1-3- izkd`frd fpfdrlk dk vfkz,oa ifjhkk"kk 1-4- izkd`frd fpfdrlk dk mn~hko 1-5- vk/kqfud izkd`frd fpfdrlk dk fodkl 1-6-
DetaljerLoLFk thou ds fy, ijes oj dh ;kstuk
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Detaljerft Unxh rqels gs dju ctkt
ft Unxh rqels gs dju ctkt 4695] 21&,] nfj;kxat] u;h fnyyh 110 002 'kk[kk v'kksd jktifk] ivuk 800 004 Q ksu% +91 11 23273167 Q SDl% +91 11 23275710 www.vaniprakashan.in vaniprakashan@gmail.com sales@vaniprakashan.in
Detaljervkbz0lh0mh0,l0 kk[kk dqy tula[;k dk vkbz0lh0mh0,l dojst dh flfkfr
vkbz0lh0mh0,l0 kk[kk dqy tu dk vkbz0lh0mh0,l dojst dh flfkfr. जनगणन 2011 क अन स र क ल जनस य क ल सवत जनस य AASR क अन स र जनस य जनगणन 2011 क अन स र लत जनस य जनस य क अ तर 6 म ह -3 वष 3-6 वष गभवत /ध म त य
Detaljernks dne lqyrk dh vksj
nks dne lqyrk dh vksj izsj.kk,d lqyrk dh ;g ys[kuh muds fy, ugha tks le>nkj gsa cfyd muds fy, tks le>uk pkgrs gsa ys[kd izdk'kd v vuqjk/kk izdk'ku] ubz fnyyh dgkuh ^* ek=k,d dyiuk gs fdlh?kvuk vfkok O;fDr
Detaljervkt dk lqfopkj tslk O;ogkj gesa ilan ugha] nwljksa ds lkfk oslk O;ogkj er djks A 01 tuojh mikld lksgu jkt rkrsm+
tslk O;ogkj gesa ilan ugha] nwljksa ds lkfk oslk O;ogkj er djks A 01 tuojh nwljksa ds Hkjksls ftanxh thus okys yksx ges'kk nq%[kh jgrs gsa] blfy, vxj thou esa lq[kh gksuk pkgrs gksa rks vkrefuhkzj cuks
Detaljerfof k V ckyd lewg ¼Special Group of children½,oa ¼Learning Disablities)
fof k V ckyd lewg ¼Special Group of children½,oa vf/kxe&v{kerk, @fu;kzsx;rk, ¼Learning Disablities) 1- fof k V ckyd kkjhfjd] ekufld] lkekftd] vkffkzd vfkok laosxkred n`f V ls lkeku; ckydksa ls Ik;kZIr
Detaljerf' k{kk' kkl=k fo"k; &l wph
I(I-IV) Lukr d i kb~; ozqe f' k{kk' kkl=k fo"k; &l wph bd kbz& 1 %v o/ kj. kkred i zk: i (I) f' k{ k l svfhki zk; ] mís' ;, oai zfozq; k, (II) (III) (IV) (V) f' k{ k osqnk' kzfud] euksoskkfud, oal ekt
Detaljerekuuh; eq[;ea=h] fcgkj Jh uhrh'k dqekj ds }kjk fnukad& dks fn;s x;s Hkk"k.k dk VªkalfØIlu ¼yksd LokLF; vfhk;a=.k fohkkx½
ekuuh; eq[;ea=h] fcgkj Jh uhrh'k dqekj ds }kjk fnukad&15-05-2015 dks fn;s x;s Hkk"k.k dk VªkalfØIlu ¼yksd LokLF; vfhk;a=.k fohkkx½ bl dk;zøe dh v/;{krk dj jgs ekuuh; Hkou fuekz.k,oa yksd LokLF; vfhk;a=.k
Detaljervius thou dk mùkjnkf;ro Hkxoku~ dks lksai nsus dk fu'p; leiz.k gsa bl fu'p; ds fcuk dqn Hkh lahko ugha gsa vxj rqe leiz.k u djks rks ;ksx dk dksbz
leiz.k Jhek,oa Jh vjfoan ds kcnksa esa ls p;fur--- vius thou dk mùkjnkf;ro Hkxoku~ dks lksai nsus dk fu'p; leiz.k gsa bl fu'p; ds fcuk dqn Hkh lahko ugha gsa vxj rqe leiz.k u djks rks ;ksx dk dksbz iz'u
Detaljerizfke v/;k; ^^ftu /ofu&fpg~uksa }kjk euq"; ijlij fopkj fofue; djrk gsa] mudks lef"v :i ls Hkk"kk dgrs gsaa** & MkW- ckcw jke ldlsuk
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Detaljerlkekftd :i ls lfø;] LoLFk rfkk 'kkyhurk ls mejnkj gksuk
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