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2 dpps eu dh dksjh izhr i

3 Publishing-in-support-of, EDUCREATION PUBLISHING RZ 94, Sector - 6, Dwarka, New Delhi Shubham Vihar, Mangla, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh Website: Copyright, Author All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of its writer. ISBN: Price: ` The opinions/ contents expressed in this book are solely of the author and do not represent the opinions/ standings/ thoughts of Educreation. Printed in India ii

4 dpps eu dh dksjh izhr lfjrk xqirk EDUCREATION PUBLISHING (Since 2011) iii

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6 Lusg&lefiZr çse dks] çse dh çfrewfrz Jh jk/ks ".k dks vksj gj dksjs eu dks ftlus dpph çhr vksj fojg&osnuk dks Mwc dj th;k gsa v

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8 iqlrd niz.k ¼ƒ½ çhr gh iwtk] çhr lekf/k] çse fcuk ;g nqfu;k vk/kh] çhr gh var] çhr gh vkfn] çse gh eu dh igyh vkf/ka ¼ ½ cjcl cka/ks usg dh Mksjh] u;uksa ds jlrs psu dh pksjh] djs <+hbkbz]djs lhuktksjh] dpps eu dh çhr dksjha ¼ ½ fojg&çhr fpj l[kk&lafxuh] vfhko;fä budh fç; uafnuha ¼ ½ gksrs gsa NksVs fnu [kqf'k;ks a ds] vksj fojg dh jsu yach] ik u ldsa ;s eafty viuh] y?kq çhr dh dpph ixmamha vii

9 a a dfo ifjp; uke % lfjrk xqirk tue frffk % vkretk % Jherh xksjh xqirk,oa Jh /kqzo ukjk;.k lafxuh % Jh vkyksd jatu?kks"k tuuh % lqjh vk k f'k{kk % Lukrd ¼tarq fokku½ lsokjr % Hkkjrh; LVsV csad ¼2005½ vfhk:fp % ys[ku] /;ku] lkekftd dk;z esa lghkkfxrka ys[ku&çdk'ku % 1992 ls i,oa x jpuka 1993 esa LFkkuh; ikf{kd lekpkj&i= es a dgkuh dk çdk'kua 2007 esa csad dh var%if=dk es dfork çdk'kua 2016 es a lkfgr;&dqat es dfork çdk'kua viii

10 vkhkkj 1- bz'oj dk ftlus thou fn;k] izse&fojg ds {k.k fn;s laosnu'khy eu vksj vfhko;fdr dh dyk nha 2- ekrk&firk dk ftugksaus tue fn;k] Lohdkj fd;k] viuh ckr Li"V j[kus dk lkgl fn;ka 3- thoulkfkh dk ftlus eq>s esjs Lo:i esa Lohdkjk vksj gj ifjflfkfr esa lkfk fuhkk;ka 4- mu lhkh dk ftugksaus] dgus dk volj ugha fn;k] ckr tks dg ugha ik;h ogh dkxt ij j[k fn;ka 5- mu lhkh dk ftugksaus esjh jpukvksa dks Lohdkjk] ljkgk vksj laokjka 6- mu lhkh dk tks ys[ku vksj izdk'ku dh ;k=k esa] iszjd vksj lgk;d LraHk jgs aa 7- var es a Le`r&foLe`r lhkh fe=ksa vksj ifjokj ds lhkh lnl;ksa dk ftudk izr;{k vksj vizr;{k :i ls eq>s vksj esjh ys[kuh dks Lusg] lg;ksx] vk'khokzn feyrk jgka ix

11 viuh ckr ek ds xhkz esa],d NksVs ls fiam esa] tc bz'oj us çk.k Mkys] mlds lkfk gh,d papy eu Hkh fn;k] tks rc ls Hkkx gh jgk gs] /km+duksa ls vkxs] çdk'k dh xfr ls Hkh rsta mldh xfr ds lkfk u rks vfhko;fä pyrh gs] u Le`frA cl mlus viuh,d nqfu;k clk j[kh gs] vuns[kh vlhfer] fdarq vius eu&eflr"d dh nhokjksa rd lhfera ckgj dh nqfu;k es a [kwc f[kyf[kyk;h vksj vanj,dkar es a ngkm+ ekj dj jks fy;k] dhkh ckgj,dne pqi vksj vanj vius lkfk vuojr okrkz] g lh&fbbksyh] çse] n'kzu] fo'ys"k.k&vkøks'k] lcdqn fdarq viuh pkjnhokjh ds vanja tc <+kbz o"kz dh Fkh rks iwoz tue dh dqn /kqa/kyh Le`fr;k ] ekul&ivy ij mhkjh vksj lcls dgk Hkh] fdlh us fole; ls lquk fdlh us lansg ls]dqn us fo'okl Hkh fd;k] dqn us ckrquh cpph dh diksy&dfyir dgkuh le> dj etk Hkh fy;ka tgk rd esjh Le`fr&lqf/k igq p ikrh gs] rks eq>s yxrk gs ;gha ls] ltx volfkk es a LosPNk ls] esjs eu us,d dkyifud nqfu;k dh jpuk dj yh] eupkgh phtsa] eupkgs yksx] dksbz vojks/k ugha] Lo;a funsz'kd] Lo;a vfhkus=h] tc eu esa vk;k] jaxeap dk ';] ivdfkk vksj vfhkusrk cny fn;s x, vksj blh nqfu;k es a] jkst u;h jpuk, gksus yxha mez c<+rh x;h vksj ifjflfkfr;ksa x

12 a vksj vko';drkuqlkj eu ds lkfkh dk Lo:i vksj volfkk HkhA cpiu ls og viuh gh Nfo Fkh] eu es cm+s&cm+s ç'u vksj fopkj mbrs] yxrk fd ckgj fdlh dks dgk rks lc etkd mm+k;s axs] bl Hk; ls mlh ls dgrha le; ds lkfk eu dk laxh cm+k Hkh gqvk vksj esjh Nfo ds lkfk&lkfk] dksbz çse&çfrewfrz dh ifjdyiuk Hkh vkdkj ysus yxha vksj tc rd fd thou es a] çse lkdkj :i es a esjs le{k [km+k ugha gqvk rc rd og Nfo esjs lkfk gh cuh jgha eu es a çfrf"br ewfrz] Lo;a jph] Lo;a ltk;h] vksj mlh çse es a nsoro ds n'kzu Hkh fd;s] vksj Lo;a dks viz.k HkhA dq okjh fd'kksjh dk eu]niz.k dh rjg tks lehi vk;k] eu dh rg rd >k d x;k] eu dh ewfrz es a mlh dh Nfo fn[kha eu gh es a :Bh] dhkh mls euk;k] dhkh mlus euk;k rks eu esa gh cg x;ha jks;h] eqldqjk;h] I;kj ls [kqn dks gh xys yxk;k] vksj oklrfodrk dh /kjkry ls nwj ml dyiuk dh nqfu;k es a çse vksj fojg ds {k.kks a dks] Mwc dj thrh jgh]?kw V&?kw V çse ihrh jgha pw fd gj ckr eu esa Fkh] fdlh ls dgk ugha] blfy, viuh lkjh Hkkouk;sa dkxt&dye dks gh lqiqnz djrh vk;ha dkyøe es a] tc fd'kksjh ls ;qorh gqbz] vksj thoulkfkh lk{kkr lkfk gks pys rks dgha eu dh bl dfyir Nfo dh vko';drk 'ks"k gks pyha vanj dh nqfu;k lekir rks ugha gqbz] ij lhfer vo'; gks x;ha vc vanj dqn lqlfttr ;k dfyir ugha Fkk] cl es a Fkh vius ÞeSaß :i es a]dhkh vkgr dksey eu fy,] dhkh oká&voyksdu ij Lofo'ys"k.k fy,] dhkh vkøks'k vksj xi

13 dhkh viuh ckr Li"V u dg ikus dh O;Fkk fy,a tc viuh ckr lkeus ls Li"V ugha j[k ik;h rks dkxt ij j[k fn;k] igys vfhko;fä viuh Hkkoukvksa rd lhfer Fkh] fqj budk nk;jk c<+k vksj ;g O;fäokpd ls tkfrokpd gks pyha esjh ys[kuh fdruksa dh vudgh dks 'kcn nsus yxhadksbz dgus dk lkgl ugha tqvk ik;k]fdlhdks 'kcn ugha feys fdlhdks dgus dk voljamu yksxks a dks yxk fd esjh jpukvksa esa muds Hkkoukvks a dh vfhko;fä gqbz gs rks ys[ku dks xfr feyh] cy feyk vksj vc esjh jpuk;sa] esjh ngyht ikj dj] yksxks a ds chp vkus yxh] vksj le; ij vk/kh&vkcknh vksj oxz&fo'ks"k dh vulquh ckrksa dks] lcds le{k j[kus yxha fd'kksj eu ds çse&fojg dh lksan;z&ohfkh ls fudy dj] ;s jpuk;sa] oklrfodrk dh tehu ij vk x;havksj budh Hkk"kk es a foæksg vksj Økafr dh [kud Hkh lquk;h nha dhkh eu] v/;kre vksj /;ku es a Mwck rks lgt&lr; ls lk{kkrdkj gqvk vksj nk'kzfud eu us viuh jpukvksa es a] lr;&n'kzu Hkh çlrqr fd;k A finys nks n'kdksa es a bu jpukvksa us yach ;k=k r; dh gs] vkt ;s dfork, Nan&eqä gks pyh gsaafopkjksa vksj lanhkz dks ;Fkkor j[kus ds ç;kl es a lksan;z dh ç/kkurk dgha xks.k gks x;h gsa ;g ladyu fd'kksj eu ls mith] dksjh Hkkoukvksa dk gs]mudh VwVh&QwVh dpph vfhko;fä dk gsa vcrd dhkh buds çdk'ku ij fopkj ugha fd;k] fdarq vkt nks n'kd ckn viuh jpukvksa ds ladyu vksj çdk'ku dk xii

14 fopkj vk;k rks] muds 'ks'kokolfkk dh mis{kk ugha dj ik;ha lkspk FkksM+k la'kks/ku d: exj ys[kuh tks çks<+ gks pyh oks fd'kksjkolfkk esa yksv ugha ik;h]vksj yxk fd,d ifjido eu dpph Hkkoukvksa dh vfhko;fä ds lkfk mfpr U;k; ugha dj ik,xk] blfy, v/kwjh gh lgh] mugsa ewy:i es a jgus fn;ka lr; rks ;gh gs] ;gh f'k'kq dfork;sa vkt dh çks<+ jpukvksa dh tuuh gs]budk lksun;z buds dpps gksus es a gh gsaesjh vfhko;fä dk mn~xe bugha dforkvksa ls gqvk vksj bugha us ys[kuh dk ekxz ç'klr fd;k] viuh ckr j[kus dk cy fn;ka esjh jpuk;sa esjh rjg le; ls igys] fd'kksjh] ;qorh vksj çks<+ gks pyh gsaa vk'kk djrh gw ] fd vki lc fd'kksjkolfkk ds bu dpps eukshkkoks a dks mlds dksjs :i esa lgt Lohdkj djsaxs vksj esjh vifjido vcks/k jpukvksa dks f'k'kq tslk gh I;kj nsaxsa 3 tqykbz 2017 lfjrk xqirk vjoya xiii

15 Hkwfedk lfjrk xqirk th dh yxhkx lhkh jpukvksa dks i<+us dk lqvolj eq>s çkir gqvk gsa orzeku fgunh txr esa,d l'kdr dof;=h ds :i es a çfr"bkfir gks ldus dh vikj {kerk buesa fo eku çrhr gks jgh gsa budh dforkvksa es a lkfgr; dh fofhkuu fo/kkvksa] blds vk;keks a dks cm+h lgtrk vksj lpps ân; ls laokjk x;k gsa ukf;dk dk fç;re ds çfr vuu; leiz.k] {kf.kd vfkok y?kqdkfyd fojg ls çse&hkjk lgt vkøks'k rfkk osnuk] viuh bdyksrh iq=h ds cky; dky dh fø;kvksa dk ltho fp=.k vksj dgha&dgha ukjh ds vanj fufgr vikj 'kfdr;ksa ds çfr iq:"k&txr dks vkxkg djkus dh fouez osnuk ;s lc budh jpukvksa es a] ru esa jdr dh Hkkafr lfuufgr gsaa bugks aus egknsoh oekz] lqhkæk dqekjh pksgku] fnudj tslh egku fohkwfr;ksa dh udy rks ugha dh] vfirq mudh Le`fr;ks a dks rktk dj fn;ka ßeSa uhj Hkjh nq%[k dh cnjhþ dh Nki budh jpukvksa es a fo eku gsa T;knk u cksydj es a budh Lof.kZe çxfr ds fy, ân; ls vk'kh"k nsus gsrq Lo;a dks HkkX;'kkyh eglwl djrk gw A eaxy dkeuk lfgr] MkW0 viwoz jatu çkpk;z] okaxpk jktdqekj 'kkldh; egkfo ky; nsoekyh] ftyk&frjki] v:.kkpy çns'k xiv

16 अन क रमण क Ø0 fo"k; i`"b la0 1. rqe vksj esa 1 2. esjs vkjk/; 3 3. vfhkyk"kk 5 4. lq[k dh,d Nk g ns nsuk 7 5. cht çse ds fdl {k.k rsjh ;kn u vk;h D;k nw rqedks esa migkj vk tkvks rqe,d ckj] usg fuea=.k ek xrh gw rqels {k.k Hkj ds fy, rqe vkrs gks vafre lk l rd NksM+uk ugha VwV u tk;s fo'okl gekjk vk dj pyk x;k e/kqekl 35 xv

17 15. dgk x, _rqjkt dk'k dhkh rqe Lo;a vk tkrs vk;k rks Fkk esa }kj rqegkjs ,d ihm+k esjh le> u ik;s ?kcjkrs D;ks a gks] fç; fojg ls fojg lafxuh Hkfä jkx ikou&ân;&lianu rqe çhr dh dpph ixmamh 58 xvi

18 1 rqe vksj esa tks rqe gksrs osjkxh ] osjkx; dh esa vjkf/kdk gksrh] gksrs tc rqe ".k&eqjkjh] rks esa rqegkjh jkf/kdk gksrha {k.k&çfr{k.k çrh{kk es a rsjs] mj&vf{k vo'k&v/khj gksrh ] çse&ç.k; ds iqyd&ik'k esa] fç;oj esa rsjh fç;rk gksrha lk/;] rqe J)k&fo'okl ds] Lusg gh esjh lk/kuk gksrh ] in&iq"iksa ds jtd.k dks] u;uksa ds usg&uhj ls /kksrh A gksrs rqe esjs ije vkjk/;] vuqjkx gh esjh vjk/kuk gksrh ] dpps eu dh dksjh izhr lfjrk xqirk

19 v{kr&vuar dh gksrh mikfldk] thou esjk] rsjh mikluk gksrha 2 4 twu 2000 dpps eu dh dksjh izhr lfjrk xqirk

20 3 esjs vkjk/; l`f"v ds lqanj] ifo= laokn] esjh iwtk ds iq.; çlkn] rqe Hkh gks esjs vkjk/;] rqe gh vkjk/; dk vk'khokzna Lusg&lq/kk dh gw esa lk/kd] vksj rqe gh gks esjs lk/;] vatqfy esa viuh Hkj yks rqe] mj esa lafpr] vlhe vuqjkxa g"kz&jaftr] iyd&ikvy] Lusg&flä vf{k ds ckny] mem+&?kqem+ dj v?;z ns jgs] lq/kk lj ds fody&vapya v/kjksa ij vafdr] e`nq dey ny] ljoj flafpr] ljl&lqdksey] dpps eu dh dksjh izhr lfjrk xqirk

21 vfizr dj jgs] vo;ä vuqjkx] iqyfdr ân; dk iq"i&ijkxa 4 tx&tyf/k es çse eafku] eu ls fudys lir jkx] vn~hkqr Lusg dk vvwv ca/ku] tsls iadt&iq"dj] ckrh&fpjkxa 17 vçsy 2000 dpps eu dh dksjh izhr lfjrk xqirk

22 5 vfhkyk"kk,d 'kk'or] fpjaru] lr; ds eez dks] Li'kZ djus dh vfhkyk"kk ] fdlh fuxqz.k] fujkdkj dh ifjdyiuk dks] lkdkj djus dh vfhkyk"kk A bugha es a my>h] [ksy jgh gs vk [k&fepksyh] eu&çkax.k esa vk'kk vksj fujk'kk] dslh gs ;g fomacuk] thou ds lfjrk rv ij] rm+i jgk dksbz I;klkA vk'kkvksa ds dksey&r`.k ls],d uoy&uhm+ cuk] dj&deyksa ds flux/k&li'kz ls] uhm+ ;g lq'kksfhkr djus A Lusg&lq/kk lqjfhkr dj] ;g ân;&dy'k ljflr djus ] dpps eu dh dksjh izhr lfjrk xqirk

23 elrd&eyhu ij] lafpr Lusg&fpà vafdr djus A 6 tx dh Hk; yttk dks NksM+ dj] uhjo&fu'kk dk?ku&frfej vks<+ dj],d {k.k dks Hkh vk tkvks rqe] bl] Lusg dh lqf/k ysus dksa ân;&fogx dj jgk gs fopj.k] vkt Lo dh leh{kk es a] Le`fr&lacy gks tk, lqy] thou dh dfbu ijh{kk es aa gks pys fulrc/k ;s v/kj] u;u&fu"bqj gks jgs gsa fu'py] vc Hkh gs ân;] foºoy&fody] fufuzes"k rqegkjh çrh{kk es aa 23 vçsy 1997 dpps eu dh dksjh izhr lfjrk xqirk

24 7 lq[k dh,d Nk g ns nsuk lq"kqir eu ds lwusiu esa] tue ysrh laosnuk dksbz] lq[k dh uo vuqhkwfr gsa ;s] ugha O;Fkk osnuk dksbza lquus dks çrh{kkjr rqe gks] esa ewd&v/kj dsls dgw ] vkt ifjdyiuk es a djrh gw ] uo&l`f"v rqe l`ftr dj nksa LoIu,d tks esa ns[kw ] lkdkj mls vc rqe dj nks] u;h fn'kk esa <wa<rh gw ] fno;& f"v] x dks rqe ns nksa y{; fl) djus esa pyrh gw ] ifk&vkyksfdr rqe dj nks dpps eu dh dksjh izhr lfjrk xqirk

25 8 viuk vfkz esa <wa< jgh gw ] Lo es a rqe lekfgr dj yksa viukus gsrq vkosnu nsrh gw ] vc bls Loh r dj nks] uez fuosnu esa djrh gw ] lg"kz&lgefr rqe ns nksa esjh&ew<+ vfhko;fä dks] ns[kks rqe Bqdjk u nsuk] tx ls la?k"kz esa djrh gw ] rqe lq[k dh,d Nk g ns nsuka,d&,d frudk es a pqxrh gw ] uhm+ lesfdr rqe dj nsuk] vkys[ku ds 'kcn esa jprh gw ] Loj&vya r rqe dj nsuka feêh dh ewjr esa x<+rh gw ] lksan;z&nku rqe dj nsuk ] vyiuk vkjsf[kr esa djrh gw ] vius jax esa jaftr rqe dj nsuka dpps eu dh dksjh izhr lfjrk xqirk

26 9 xku g"kz ds esa fy[krh gw ] ok.kh ds lirloj rqe >a r dj nsuk] f'kffky im+h laosnuk es a] thou rjafxr rqe dj nsuka,d dgkuh thou dh es a dgw ] lkj mldk rqe dg nsuk] ck/kkvksa ls esa ym+rh gw ] cl,d lgkjk rqe ns nsuka O;fFkr fujk'k ;fn esa gks tkå ] eu dks gf"kzr rqe dj nsuk ] gj iwtu vfizr esa djrh gw ] iw.kkzgqfr cl rqe dj nsuka lhl osnh ij esa j[krh gw ] esjh cfy rqe ns nsuk] u'oj ru viuk nsrh gw ] çk.k rqe vfhkeaf=r dj nsuka uothou dh gj,d?km+h dks] /km+du viuh es a nsrh gw ] dpps eu dh dksjh izhr lfjrk xqirk

27 nksuksa dh bl larfr dks] eu dk vejro rqe ns nsuka vxlr 1998 dpps eu dh dksjh izhr lfjrk xqirk

28 11 Get Complete Book At Educreation Store dpps eu dh dksjh izhr lfjrk xqirk

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