(d) fganh dh eksf[kd vksj yksdlkfgr; ijaijk

Transkript

1 1 HDSE Elective lseslvj&5 (5-3) (d) fganh dh eksf[kd vksj yksdlkfgr; ijaijk funsz'k % ls¼kafrd fcanqvksa dk lkeku; ifjp; visf{kr gsa yksdxhrksa dh izlrqfr;k vksj yksdukv~; ds izn'kzuksa dks lquus&ns[kus dk volj Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa ds fy, mi;ksxh gksxka bdkbz&1 % eksf[kd lkfgr; dh voèkkj.kk % lkeku; ifjp;] eksf[kd lkfgr; vksj fyf[kr lkfgr; dk lacaèk lkfgr; ds fofoèk :i & yksdxhr] yksddfkk] yksdxkfkk, ] yksdukv~;] yksdksfdr;k ] igsfy;k &cq>ksoy vksj eqgkojs fganh izns'k dh tuinh; cksfy;k vksj mudk lkfgr; (lkeku; ifjp;) eksf[kd lkfgr; vksj lekta bdkbz&2 % yksdxhr % okfpd vksj eqfnzr laldkj xhr % lksgj] fookg] eaxyxhr br;kfna lksgj Hkkstiqjh % Hkkstiqjh laldkj xhr & Jh gal dqekj frokjh & fcgkj jk"vªhkk"kk ifj"kn] i`"b&8] xhr la[;k&4 lksgj voèkh µ fganh izns'k ds yksdxhr & Ñ".k nso mikè;k; & i`"b 110] 111 (lkfgr; Hkou] bykgkckn) ;Kksiohr & Hkkjrh; yksd&lkfgr;_ ijaijk vksj ifjn`'; & fo k flugk] i`"b 88&89 fookg & Hkkstiqjh & Hkkjrh; yksd lkfgr; % ijaijk vksj ifjn`'; µ fo k flugk] i`"b 116 ½rqlacaèkh xhr % ckjgeklk] gksyh] psrh] dtjh br;kfna ikb % fganh izns'k ds yksdxhr % Ñ".k nso mikè;k;] i`"b 205 gfj;k.kk izns'k dk yksdlkfgr; % 'kadj yky ;kno] i`"b 231 okfpd dfork % Hkkstiqjh % ia- fo kfuokl fej] i`"b 51 Jelacaèkh xhr % dvuh] t rlj] n ouh] jksiuh br;kfna dvuh ds xhr] voèkh 2 xhr & fganh izns'k ds yksdxhr % Ñ".knso mikè;k; i`"b 134] 135 tarlkjh % Hkkstiqjh & Hkkjrh; yksd lkfgr; ijaijk vksj ifjn`';] fo k flugk] i`"b 140] 141 fofoèk xhr %?kq?kqfr & dqekmauh % dfork dkseqnh % xzkexhr % ia- jkeujs'k f=kikbh] i`"b 802] 803

2 2 bdkbz&3 % bdkbz&4 % yksddfkk,,oa yksdxkfkk, foèkk dk lkeku; ifjp; vksj izfl¼ yksddfkkvksa,oa yksdxkfkkvksa vkygk] yksfjd] lkjaxk&lnko`{k] fcgqyk jktlfkkuh yksd dfkk ua- 2] fganh lkfgr; dk c`gr~ bfrgkl] ia- jkgqy lkañr;k;u] i`"b 10] 11 lksygok Hkkx ekyoh yksd dfkk ua- 2] fganh lkfgr; dk c`gr~ bfrgkl] ia- jkgqy lkañr;k;u] i`"b 461&462 voèkh yksd dfkk ua- 2] fganh lkfgr; dk c`gr~ bfrgkl] ia- jkgqy lkañr;k;u] i`"b 187&188 yksdukv~; % foèkk dk ifjp;] fofoèk Hkk"kk {ks=kksa ds fofoèk ukv~;:i vksj 'ksfy;k ] jkeyhyk_ jklyhyk ekyok dk ukp_ jktlfkku dk [;ky] mùkj izns'k dh uksvadh] HkkaM] jklyhyk_ fcgkj&fcnsfl;k_ gfj;k.kk&lkax (d) ikb % laf{kir in~ekor lkax jkfxuh la[;k 1] 3] 6] 7] 8] 13] 14] 17] 18] 19] 28] 34] 37] 38] 43] 58] 60] 67- (y[kehpan xzafkkoyh] la- izks- iwjupan 'kekz] gfj;k.kk lkfgr; vdkneh] ([k) fcnsfl;k % fhk[kkjh Bkdqj d`r yksdukv~; lgk;d xzafk fganh izns'k ds yksdxhr µ Ñ".knso mikè;k; gfj;k.kk izns'k dk yksdlkfgr; µ 'kadj yky ;kno ehv ekbz ihiy µ nsosunz lr;kfkhz ekyoh yksd&lkfgr; dk vè;;u µ ';ke ijekj jleatjh & lqfprk jkenhu_ egkrek xka/h lalfkku] ekwjh'kl fganh lkfgr; dk c`gr~ bfrgkl µ ia- jkgqy lkañr;k;u_ lksygok Hkkx okfpd dfork % Hkkstiqjh µ ia- fo kfuokl fej Hkkjrh; yksd lkfgr; % ijaijk vksj ifjn`'; & fo k flugk dfork dkseqnh % xzkexhr µ ia- jkeujs'k f=kikbh y[kehpan dk dko;&oshko µ gfjpunz ca/q lw=k/kj µ latho fgunh lkfgr; dks gfj;k.kk izns'k dh nsu µ gfj;k.kk lkfgr; vdkneh dk izdk'ku eè;izns'k yksd dyk vdkneh dh if=kdk & pkseklk phuh yksddfkk, µ vfuy jk;

3 3 vfkok ([k) vflerkewyd foe'kz vksj fganh lkfgr; bdkbz&1 % foe'kks± dh ls¼kafrdh ¼d½ nfyr foe'kz % voèkkj.kk vksj vkanksyu] iqqys vksj vecsmdj ¼[k½ L=kh foe'kz % voèkkj.kk, vksj eqfdr vkanksyu ¼ik'pkR; vksj Hkkjrh;½ jsfmdy] ekwdlzoknh] mnkjoknh vkfn] ;ksfudrk] fyaxhksn] fir`lùkk] leysafxdrk ¼x½ vkfnoklh foe'kz % voèkkj.kk vksj vkanksyu ty] taxy] tehu vksj igpku dk loky bdkbz&2 % foe'kzewyd dfkk lkfgr; % 1- vkseizdk'k ckyehfd & lyke] 2- gfjjke eh.kk & èkw.kh ris rhj] i`"b la[;k 158& ukfljk 'kekz & [kqnk dh okilh bdkbz&3 % foe'kzewyd dfork % (d) nfyr dfork % vnwrkuan ¼nfyr dgk rd im+s jgsaxs½] uxhuk flag ¼fdruh O;Fkk½ ekrk izlkn ¼lksuok dk fiatjk½ ([k) L=kh dfork % 1- dhfrz pks/jh % lhek js[kk 2- dkr;k;uh % lkr Hkkb;ksa ds chp peik 3- lfork flag % ^esa fdldh vksjr gw \* bdkbz&4 % foe'kzewyd vu; x foèkk, % 1- izhkk [ksrku] i`"b 28&42 % vu;k ls vuu;k rd 2- rqylhjke eqnzfg;k ¼pkSèkjh pkpk ls izkjahk_ i`"b la[;k 125 ls 135½ 3- egknsoh oekz % ^L=kh ds vfkz Lokra=; dk iz'u* lgk;d xzafk % fleksu n cksmok & L=kh misf{krk

4 xqykexhjh & T;ksfrck iqqys vacsmdj jpukoyh & Hkkx&1 izhkk [ksrku & mifuos'k esa L=kh L=kh vflerk lkfgr; vksj fopkjèkkjk & lqèkk flag ewd uk;d] cfg"ñr Hkkjr & vacsmdj f'kdats dk nnz & lq'khyk VkadHkkSajs twbu & vkseizdk'k ckyehfd nfyr lkfgr; dk lksan;z'kkl=k & 'kj.k dqekj fyackys nfyr lkfgr; dk lksan;z'kkl=k & vkseizdk'k ckyehfd nfyr vkanksyu dk bfrgkl & eksgunkl usfe'kjk; ukjhoknh jktuhfr & ftuh fuosfnrk fganh nfyr dfkk lkfgr; % voèkkj.kk,oa fo/k, & jtr jkuh ^ehuw* vksjr gksus dh ltk & vjfoan tsu vkfnoklh vflerk dk ladv & jef.kdk xqirk 4

5 5 vfkok (x) Hkkjrh;,oa ik'pkr; jaxeap fl¼kar bdkbz&1 % bdkbz&2 % bdkbz&3 % bdkbz&4 % ukvd dh foèkkxr fof'k"vrk] ukv~;rùo (Hkkjrh;,oa ik'pkr;)] ukvd vksj jaxeap dk var%lacaèk] n`'; vksj JO; rùoksa dk lek;kstu rfkk ukv~;kuqhkwfr vksj jaxkuqhkwfr jaxdez % ukvddkj] funsz'kd] vfhkusrk] ik'ozdez] ukvd ds lanhkz esa Hkjreqfu ds jl&fl¼kar,oa vjlrw ds fojspu&fl¼kar dk fof'k"v vè;;u if'peh ukv~;hksn µ =kklnh] dkenh] esyksmªkek,oa iqklz (lkeku; ifjp;)] ukvd ds lanhkz esa Hkjreqfu ds jl&fl¼kar,oa vjlrw ds fojspu&fl¼kar dk fof'k"v vè;;u izkphu Hkkjrh; ukv~;:i µ :id] mi:id rfkk buds Hksn (lkeku; ifjp;)] vkèkqfud Hkkjrh; ukv~;:i µ,dkadh] dko; ukvd] jsfm;ks ukvd,oa uqddm+ ukvd] VsyhfiQYe vksj èkkjkokfgd (lkeku; ifjp;) lgk;d xazfk % jaxeap µ cyoar xkxhz jaxeap dyk vksj n`f"v µ xksfoan pkrd jaxn'kzu µ usfepan tsu jaxeap ns[kuk vksj tkuuk µ y{ehukjk;.k yky Hkjr vksj Hkkjrh; ukv~;dyk µ lqjsanzukfk nhf{kr ukv~;'kkl=k fo'odks"k µ jkèkkoyyhk f=kikbh jaxdez µ ohjsanz ukjk;.k jax&lfkkir; µ,p-oh- 'kekz Hkkjrh; vksj ik'pkr; jaxeap µ lhrkjke prqosznh

6 6 lseslvj&5 (5-4) (d) fganh Hkk"kk dk O;kogkfjd O;kdj.k bdkbz&1 % Hkk"kk vksj O;kdj.k Hkk"kk dh ifjhkk"kk vksj fo'ks"krk, O;kdj.k dh ifjhkk"kk] egùo] Hkk"kk vksj O;kdj.k dk var%laca/ èofu vksj o.kz fganh dh èofu;ksa dk oxhzdj.k (Loj] O;atu vksj ek=kk, ) bdkbz&2 % 'kcn&fopkj 'kcn dh ifjhkk"kk vksj mlds Hksn (jpuk,oa lzksr ds vk/kj ij) 'kcnksa dh O;kdjf.kd dksfv;k (lakk] lozuke] fo'ks"k.k] fø;k vkfn) (dsoy ifjhkk"kk,oa Hksn) 'kcnksa dk :ikarj.k] 'kcnxr v'kqf¼;k 'kcn&fuekz.k (milxz] izr;;] laf/ vksj lekl) bdkbz&3 % in&fopkj 'kcn vksj in esa varj fodkjh 'kcnksa dh :i&jpuk (lakk] lozuke] fo'ks"k.k] fø;k) vfodkjh 'kcn (vo;;) bdkbz&4 % okd;&fopkj okd; dh ifjhkk"kk vksj mlds vax okd; ds Hksn (jpuk,oa vfkz ds vk/kj ij) okd; lajpuk (inøe] vfuofr vksj fojke&fpé)

7 7 okd;xr v'kqf¼;k lgk;d xzafk % fganh Hkk"kk dk bfrgkl µ /hjsanz oekz Hkkjrh; iqjkfyfi µ MkW- jktcfy ik.ms; fganh Hkk"kk dk mn~xe vksj fodkl µ mn;ukjk;.k frokjh fganh Hkk"kk dh igpku ls izfr"bk rd µ MkW- guqekuizlkn 'kqdy fyfi dh dgkuh µ xq.kkdj eqys Hkk"kk vksj lekt µ jkefoykl 'kekz fganh Hkk"kk dk mn~xe vksj fodkl µ mn;ukjk;.k frokjh fganh Hkk"kk % lajpuk ds fofo/ vk;ke µ johanzukfk JhokLro fganh O;kdj.k µ dkerkizlkn xq# fganh 'kcnkuq'kklu µ fd'kksjhnkl oktis;h A Grammar of the Hindi Language Kellog Hindi Linguistics R.N. Shrivastava fganh Hkk"kk dh lajpuk µ HkksykukFk frokjh fganh O;kdj.k µ,u-lh-bz-vkj-vh-

8 8 vfkok ([k) dks'k fokku % 'kcndks'k vksj fo'odks'k bdkbz&1 % dks'k ifjp; vfkz vksj ifjhkk"kk mi;ksfxrk vksj egùo fganh dks'k ds mi;ksx ds fu;e (o.kkzuqøe] Loj dh ek=kk, ] vuqlokj,oa vuqukfld] la;qdr O;atu o.kz) bdkbz&2 % dks'k fuekz.k 'kcn ladyu,oa p;u izfof"v (orzuh] Øe] O;kdjf.kd dksfv vksj lzksr) 'kcn dk vfkz,oa folrkj 'kcn iz;qfdr;k bdkbz&3 % dks'k ds izdkj dks'k % oxhzdj.k ds vk/kj fo"k; ds vk/kj ij (Hkwxksy dks'k] bfrgkl dks'k] euksfokku dks'k vkfn) Hkk"kk ds vk/kj ij (,dhkk"kh] f}hkk"kh vksj cgqhkk"kh) vkdkj ds vk/kj ij (lkeku; vksj fo'odks'k) ikfjhkkf"kd 'kcnkoyh bdkbz&4 % izeq[k dks'kksa dk ifjp; fganh&fganh 'kcndks'k µ c`gr~ fganh 'kcndks'k] KkueaMy vaxzs kh&fganh 'kcndks'k µ iqknj dkfey cqyds fganh&vaxzsth 'kcndks'k µ HkksykukFk frokjh vksj egsanz prqosznh fo'odks'k µ fganh 'kcnlkxj µ ukxjh izpkfj.kh lhkk bz&dks'k

9 9 lgk;d xzafk % dks'k fokku µ HkksykukFk frokjh fganh dks'k jpuk] izdkj vksj :i µ jkepanz oekz fganh dks'k lkfgr; µ vpykuan t[keksyk fganh 'kcn lkxj µ ukxjh izpkfj.kh lhkk] iz;kx fganh lkfg; dks'k µ /hjsanz oekz dks'k fokku % fl¼kar,oa iz;ksx µ jke vk/kj flag dks'k fuekz.k % izfof/,oa iz;ksx µ f=khkqouukfk 'kqdy Lexicography : An Introduction Howarel Jackson Hkkjr esa dks'k fokku ij fo'ks"k µ xos"k.kk_ vad 93_ tuojh&ekpz] 2009 uohu dks'k cuke izkphu dks'k µ iq"iyrk rustk_ ^Hkk"kk* fganh if=kdk esa ys[k osc irk (hindishabdsagar)

10 10 vfkok (x) Hkkjrh; lkfgr; dh laf{kir :ijs[kk bdkbz&1 % Hkkjrh; vflerk dk Lo:i % HkkSxksfyd] Hkkf"kd vksj lkalñfrd Hkkjr dh HkkSxksfyd] Hkkf"kd vksj lkalñfrd fofoèkrk fofoèkrk esa,drk ds var%lw=k % Hkk"kk] lalñfr vksj lkfgr; dk varllacaèk Hkkjrh; lkfgr; dh ladyiuk] Hkkjrh; lkfgr; ds vkèkkj&rùo Hkkjrh; lkfgr; dk lkekfld Lo:i bdkbz&2 % Hkkjrh; lkfgr; dk ifjp; osfnd lkfgr;] yksfdd lalñr lkfgr; ikfy] izkñr,oa vihkza'k lkfgr; izkphu rfey lkfgr; bdkbz&3 % Hkkjrh; lkfgr; dk lkeku; ifjp; vkèkqfudrk&iwoz Hkkjrh; lkfgr; % rfey] duum+] rsyqxw] ey;kye] ejkbh] xqtjkrh] ckaxyk] mfm+;k] vlfe;k] ef.kiqjh] mnwz] iatkch] d'ehjh] fganh bdkbz&4 % Hkkjrh; lkfgr; dk lkeku; ifjp; vkèkqfud Hkkjrh; lkfgr;] Hkkjrh; lkfgr; ds izeq[k vkanksyu &HkfDr vkanksyu] uotkxj.k,oa jk"vªh; vkanksyu] Lokèkhurk vkanksyu] Lokra=;ksÙkj Hkkjrh; lkfgr;] mùkj vkèkqfud lanhkz lgk;d xzafk vkt dk Hkkjrh; lkfgr; µ izhkkdj ekpos osfnd lalñfr dk fodkl µ rdzrhfkz y{e.k 'kkl=kh Hkkjrh; lkfgr; dk lesfdr bfrgkl µ MkW- uxsanz Hkkjrh; lkfgr; dks'k µ MkW- uxsanz Hkk"kk] lkfgr; vksj lalñfr µ laik- foeys'kdkafr oekz ckaxyk lkfgr; dk bfrgkl µ lqdqekj lsu_ vuq- fuezyk tsu ey;kye lkfgr; dk bfrgkl µ ih-ds- ijes'oju uk;j

11 11 duum+ lkfgr; dk bfrgkl µ,l- eqxyh rfey lkfgr; dk bfrgkl µ eq- ojnjktu lkfgr; vdkneh }kjk Hkkjrh; ys[kdksa ij cuh lh-mh- mnwz Hkk"kk vksj lkfgr; µ fiqjkd xksj[kiqjh Hkkjrh; lkfgr; µ fnyyh fo'ofo ky; dk izdk'ku Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds lkfgr; dk :in'kzu µ xksjh'kadj iam~;k vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkfgr; % fofoèk vk;ke µ laik- lrh'k dqekj jksgjk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk lkfgr; µ fohkwfr fej

12 12 lseslvj&6 (6-3) (d) yksdukv~; bdkbz&1 % yksdukv~; % voèkkj.kk] Lo:i vksj bfrgkl (izeq[k :iksa dk ifjp;,oa ikb) yksdukv~; jkeyhyk] jklyhyk] lkax] [;ky] ekp] fcnsfl;k,oa uksvadh µ lqyrkuk Mkdw bdkbz&2 % fcnsfl;k µ fhk[kkjh Bkdqj bdkbz&3 % lkax µ y[kehpan bdkbz&4 % ekp µ xq# cky eqdqan lgk;d xzafk % fganh lkfgr; dk c`gr~ bfrgkl] ia- jkgqy lkañr;k;u] lksygok Hkkx okfpd dfork % Hkkstiqjh µ ia- fo kfuokl fej Hkkjrh; yksd lkfgr; % ijaijk vksj ifjn`'; & fo k flugk y[kehpan dk dko;&oshko µ gfjpunz ca/q lw=k/kj µ latho fgunh lkfgr; dks gfj;k.kk izns'k dh nsu µ gfj;k.kk lkfgr; vdkneh dk izdk'ku e/;izns'k yksd dyk vdkneh dh if=kdk & pkseklk gfj;k.kk dh yksdukv~; ijeijk

13 13 vfkok ([k) fgunh dh Hkkf"kd fofo/rk, bdkbz&1 (d) okfpd fgunh ds {ks=kh; :i & fcgkjh] cecb;k] dydfr;k] eæklh] igkm+h lkfgr;] flusek] ukvd vksj ehfm;k esa {ks=kh; fgunh dk ç;ksx ([k) lkfgfr;d Hkk"kk ds :i esa fgunh dh fofo/rk & vkjfehkd fgunh dfork ¼dchj] vehj [kqljks ½] ndduh fgunh] mnwz 'kk;jh vksj x ] vk/qfud lkfgfr;d fgunh bdkbz&2 (d) dchj µ geu gsa b'd elrkuk] vehj [kqljks dh eqdfj;k ([k) oyh nduh & fd;k eq> b'd us tkfye dw vkc vkfglrk&vkfglrk fd vkfr'k xqy dw djrh gs xqykc vkfglrk&vkfglrk oiqknkjh us fnycj dh cq>k;k vkfr'k&,&xe dw ] fd xehz n v djrk gs] xqykc vkfglrk&vkfglrk vtc dqn yqrq j[krk gs 'kc&,&[kfyor esa xqy: lw ] f[krkc vkfglrk&vkfglrk] tokc vkfglrk&vkfglrk esjs fny dw fd;k cs[kqn rsjh vaf[k;ksa us vk[kfj dw ] fd T;w csgks'k djrh gs 'kjkc vkfglrk&vkfglrk gqvk rq> b'd lw,s vkfr'kha : fny fejk ikuh] fd T;w xyrk gs vkfr'k lw xqykc vkfglrk&vkfglrk vnk&vks&ukt lw vkrk gs oks jks'ku tcha?kj lw ] fd T;w efjd lw fudys vkiqrkc vkfglrk&vkfglrk ^oyh* eq> fny esa vkrk gs [k;ky&,&;kj&,& csijokg]

14 14 fd T;w vaf[k;ka esa vkrk gs [okc vkfglrk&vkfglrk bdkbz&3 (d) cukjlhnkl vksj v¼zdfkkud ([k) xkfyc dh 'kk;jh vksj muds [krwr bdkbz&4 (d) ba'kk va'kk vyyk [kka & jkuh dsrdh dh dgkuh ([k) iq.kh'ojukfk js.kq & iapysv lgk;d xzafk % fganh Hkk"kk µ fd'kksjhnkl oktis;h mnwz dk vkjfehkd ;qx µ 'kelqzjgeku iqk#dh Hkk"kk vksj lekt µ jkefoykl 'kekz mnwz Hkk"kk vksj lkfgr; µ fiqjkd xksj[kiqjh

15 15 vfkok (x) Hkkjrh; lkfgr; % ikbijd vè;;u bdkbz&1 bdkbz&2 µ okyehfd µ ^liri.kkz*_ jkedko; dk tue_ i`"b 115&119_ esa egknsoh oekz Ñr vuqokn µ dkfynkl µ ^mùkjes?k*_ ukxktqzu dh pquh gqbz jpuk, _ i`- 345&349_ Nan la- 22 ls 27] 37] 47_ Hkxor'kj.k mikè;k;@ukxktqzu&ñr vuqokn µ ^xkfkk lir'krh*_ MkW- gfjjke vkpk;z_ izkñr Hkkjrh vdkneh] t;iqj_ izfke 'krd_ 'yksd la- 4] 6] 33] 45] 49] 58] 77_ "k"b 'krd_ 'yksd la- 30] 35] 38 (d) ukenso µ lkfgr; vdkneh }kjk izdkf'kr ^fganh Kkus'ojh* ls] vkyokj i 'kadjnso dh jpuk, eè;dkyhu rsyqxq dfo oseuk µ lkfgr; vdkneh ([k) yy n µ Hkk"kk] lkfgr; vksj lalñfr µ foeys'k dkafr oekz d'ehjh lkfgr; dk bfrgkl_ i`- 30&44_ 'kf'k 'ks[kj rks'k[kkuh_ ts,.m ds vdkneh vkwiq vkvz dypj,.m ysaxosts k_ ugj ekxz] teew_ izfke laldj.k 1985_ eq> ij os pkgs galsa xq# us eq>ls dgk ge gh Fks fi;k dks [kkstus nso fiqj iwtk dslh ;g nsork Hkh irfkj gh gs esa lhèks ifk ls gh vk;h bdkbz&3 (d) johanzukfk VSxksj xhrkatyh ds dqn va'k lkfgr; vdkneh ds ^johanz jpuk lap;u* ls_ lkfgr; vdkneh_ izdk'ku o"kz] 1987_ Hkkjr rhfkz] èkwfy eafnj_ i`- 131&135 ([k) lqczg~e.;e Hkkjrh dh dfork, _ lkfgr; vdkneh_ laldj.k 1983_ ^Lora=krk dk xku* i`- 46&47 (x) oyyrksy dh dfork, _ lkfgr; vdkneh- laldj.k 1959_ ^{kek izkfkzuk*_ i`- 82] 83] 84

16 16 bdkbz&4 (d) miu;kl&va'k % f'kokth lkoar Ñr ^e`r;qat;*_ laldj.k 39_ o"kz 2012_ Hkkjrh; KkuihB_ izfke [k.m (d.kz)_ i`- 19&117 ([k) thouh&va'k % ukjk;.k nslkbz Ñr ^vfxudqam esa f[kyk xqykc*_ i`- 95&107 (x) ukvd % g;onu_ fxjh'k dukzm_ jkèkkñ".k izdk'ku_ laldj.k&1977_ i`- 17&73 (?k) dgkuh % rd kh f'ko'kadj fiyys &[kwu dk fj'rk (ey;kye dgkfu;k ) Hkkjrh; f'k[kj dfkk dks'k] laik- deys'oj lgk;d xzafk % vkt dk Hkkjrh; lkfgr; µ izhkkdj ekpos osfnd lalñfr dk fodkl µ rdzrhfkz y{e.k 'kkl=kh Hkkjrh; lkfgr; dk lesfdr bfrgkl µ MkW- uxsanz Hkkjrh; lkfgr; dks'k µ MkW- uxsanz Hkk"kk] lkfgr; vksj lalñfr µ laik- foeys'kdkafr oekz ckaxyk lkfgr; dk bfrgkl µ lqdqekj lsu_ vuq- fuezyk tsu ey;kye lkfgr; dk bfrgkl µ ih-ds- ijes'oju uk;j duum+ lkfgr; dk bfrgkl µ,l- eqxyh rfey lkfgr; dk bfrgkl µ eq- ojnjktu lkfgr; vdkneh }kjk Hkkjrh; ys[kdksa ij cuh lh-mh- mnwz Hkk"kk vksj lkfgr; µ fiqjkd xksj[kiqjh Hkkjrh; lkfgr; µ fnyyh fo'ofo ky; dk izdk'ku Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa ds lkfgr; dk :in'kzu µ xksjh'kadj iam~;k vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkfgr; % fofoèk vk;ke µ laik- lrh'k dqekj jsgjk

17 17 lseslvj&6 (6-4) (d) 'kks/&çfof/ bdkbz&1 'kks/ izfof/ & Lo:i ifjp; 'kks/ ls vfhkizk; & Lo:i,oa fo'ks"krk, fganh esa 'kks/ dk vkjahk bdkbz&2 'kks/ ds {ks=k 'kks/ ds izdkj lkfgfr;d 'kks/ dh fo'ks"krk, bdkbz&3 'kks/ vksj fo"k;&p;u 'kks/ vksj rf;&fo'ys"k.k 'kks/ vksj fu"d"kz bdkbz&4 'kks/&laca/h lel;k,,d vpns 'kks/kfkhz ds xq.k fganh esa 'kks/ dh n'kk vksj fn'kk lgk;d xzafk vuqla/ku dk Lo:i & lkfo=kh flugk vuqla/ku dh izfø;k & lkfo=kh Lukrd 'kks/ izfof/ & fou;eksgu 'kekz lkfgr; ds lekt'kkl=k dh Hkwfedk & esustj ik.ms; jkbfvax bu lkslkbvh & jseam fofy;el lajpukred 'ksyh fokku & johunzukfk JhokLro lksf'k;ksykwth vkwiq fyvjspj & Mk;uk floaxoqm

18 18 vfkok ([k) vo/kj.kkred lkfgfr;d in bdkbz&1 % 'kcn&'kfdr] vfhkèkk] y{k.kk] O;atuk] vyadkj] Nan] miek] :id bdkbz&2 % jl vksj jl&fu"ifùk] lkèkkj.khdj.k] dko;&y{k.k] dko;&gsrq] egkdko;] [kamdko;] xhfrdko;] ukvd bdkbz&3 % 'kkl=kokn] LoPNanrkokn] ekuookn] vkykspukred ;FkkFkZokn] lektoknh ;FkkFkZokn] tknqbz ;FkkFkZokn] lajpukokn] mùkj&lajpukokn bdkbz&4 % fojspu] =kklnh] dyiuk] fcec] izrhd] vkèkqfudrk vksj vkèkqfudrkokn] mùkj&vkèkqfudrk] fucaèk] dgkuh] miu;kl lgk;d xzafk % fganh vkykspuk ds cht&'kcn µ cppu flag fganh vkykspuk dks'k µ vejukfk ekufodh ikfjhkkf"kd 'kcndks'k µ laik- MkW- uxsanz yksdfiz; flusek vksj lkekftd ;FkkFkZ µ tcjheyy ikj[k dh omz~l µ fofy;e jse.m, fmd'kujh vkwiq fyvªsjh VElZ µ ts-vh- f'kiys jl&ehekalk µ jkepanz 'kqdy ikfjhkkf"kd dykdks'k µ :iukjk;.k ekfke

19 19 vfkok (x) fganh jaxeap bdkbz&1 (d) ikjaifjd jaxeap (jkeyhyk] jklyhyk] uksvadh] fcnsfl;k] ekp] [;ky] Lokax dk lkeku; ifjp;) ([k) izkphu Hkkjrh; izn'kzu&ijaijk vksj vkèkqfud jaxeap bdkbz&2 fganh jaxeap dh fodkl&;k=kk (d) Lora=krkiwoZ % ikjlh ffk,vj] Hkkjrsanq ;qxhu jaxeap] i`foh ffk,vj rfkk bivk ([k) Lokra=;ksÙkj fganh jaxeap % jax izf'k{k.k,oa jax xfrfofèk;k ] jk"vªh; ukv~; fo ky;] ubz fnyyh bdkbz&3 bdkbz&4 jaxeamy Hkkjr Hkou] Hkksiky] Hkkjrsanq ukv~; vdkneh] y[kumq vkèkqfud fganh jaxeap dh fofoèk 'ksfy;k % 'ksyhc¼ (LVkbykbM)] ;FkkFkZoknh],ClMZ rfkk yksd&'ksyh izeq[k jax O;fDrRo vksj mudh jaxn`f"v % ';kekuan tkyku] lr;nso nqcs] bczkfge vydkth] c-o- dkjar] gchc ruohj] y[kehpan,oa fhk[kkjh Bkdqj_ fdlh izlrqfr (gky gh esa izlrqr) dh jaxeaph; leh{kk lgk;d xzafk % ikjaifjd Hkkjrh; jaxeap µ dfiyk okrl;k;u ijaijk'khy ukv~; µ txnh'kpanz ekfkqj Hkkjrh; jaxeap dk foospukred bfrgkl µ vkkr ikjlh fganh jaxeap µ y{ehukjk;.k yky ukv~;lezkv i`fohjkt diwj µ tkudh oyyhk 'kkl=kh vkèkqfud fganh ukvd vksj jaxeap µ y{ehukjk;.k yky ledkyhu fganh ukvd vksj jaxeap µujsanz eksgu igyk jax µ nsosanz jkt vadqj

20 20 vkèkqfud fganh ukvd vksj jaxeap µ usfepan tsu y[kehpan dk dko;&oshko µgfjpunz ca/q fhk[kkjh Bkdqj % Hkkstiqjh ds Hkkjrsanq µ Hkxor izlkn f}osnh davseizjh bafm;u ffk,vj % bavjo;w fon IysjkbVlZ,.M Mk;jsDVlZ µ laxhr ukvd vdkneh ffk,vlz vkwo bafmisamsal µ vi.kkz HkkxZo èkkjokm+dj