Et blikk på oppbrukte og forsømte tema

Transkript

1 GENERASJONSFORSKNING: Et blikk på oppbrukte og forsømte tema Gunhild O. Hagestad Høgskolen i Agder og NOVA Northwestern University (Emeritus)

2 NFR- prosjekter *NorLAG datainnsamling , N=5600, *NorBEST analyser av data fra NorLAG datainnsamling 2005: 980 spørreskjema fra foreldre til barn i alder intervju med barn *LOGG datainnsamling , N=ca , oppfølging av NorLAG og nasjonalt utvalg del av FNs Gender and Generation Program

3 GENERASJON: Ett ord, tre Familie Aldersgruppe Historisk generasjon/kohort begreper/fenomener Mange spennende forskningsutfordringer ligger i skjæringspunktet mellom disse tre Unfortunately, individuals do not march into family generations by age and cohort (Hagestad, 1981) Vi må være forsiktige med å snakke om bestemorsgenerasjonen! Familier er unike møteplasser på tvers av alder og kohort

4 Alders- og generasjonsstrukturer i endring Både på samfunnsnivå og familienivå: økende topptyngde, feminisering I familien: vertikalisering, janus-generasjoner De fleste barn er voksne!

5 Number of persons aged 65+ per 100 children under 15 Current life expectancy and TFR in parentheses 1: UN medium assumptions,2: TFR the same as today (1) 2050 (2) DE (79.3) (1.34) IT (80.6) (1.38) NL (79.0) (1.72) N (80.2) (1.80) US (77.9) (2.04)

6 Kin Structures

7 Distribution of Generational structures in four age/cohort group (%) NorLAG Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women No vertical ties Parents only Children only Children, parents Children, grandchildren Children, parents, grandchildren

8 The kids are grown before you know it, aren t they?

9 Noen oppbrukte og forvrengte tema Blir gamle som trenger hjelp tatt hånd om av familien? (Betyr velferdsstaten at familien trekker seg ut?) Omsorgsforskning versus familieforskning? Om å klippe opp kjeder... Foreldre er barn, kanskje også barnebarn!

10 Help rates and help sources OASIS among urban elderly (75+) with poor physical health in four European countries (%) others services only family and services family only 20 0 Norway England Germany Spain

11 Noen bekymringer/ spørsmål * Bokpermgenerasjoner i et alderssegregert samfunn: læring og støtte *Familie-endring, særlig skilsmisse *Menn og familier- økt polarisering? *Historisk endring/generasjoner og generasjonsbånd i familie

12 The Segregation-Ageism Cycle (Hagestad & Uhlenberg, 2005) Ageism (micro) Segregation: - Institutional - Spatial -Cultural (macro) Networks, group identities (meso)

13 Proportion of G1-G3 dyads with no transmission of knowledge in either direction (NorGRAND) by grandparents marital status Maternal Paternal Grand mother Grand father Grand mother Grand father Married 28 % 38 % 32 % 31 % Divorced 33 % 72 % 36 % 40 %

14 Modern and traditional women s relationships with parents Father Mother Consensus T>M* T>M* Closeness T>M ns. T>M** Support in parenting T>M ns T=M Potential help with child M>T ns. T=M Potential advice about child T=M T>M* Either Practical support Economic support Emotional support M>T* M>T** M>T ns

15 Modern and traditional men s relationships with parents Father Mother Consensus T>M ns T>M** Closeness T>M ns T>M** Support in parenting T>M ns T>M* Potential help w/ child T>M* M>T ns Potential advice/child T>M* T>M* Practical support Economic support Emotional support Either M>T** M>T ns M>T ns

16 Perceptions of grandparent role Norway 2005 (NorGRAND) Fathers Mothers % who agree grandparents should: *be available to g.child in times of crisis *provide support for adult child as parent *contribute to economic security of adult children and their families

17 % of grandparents who strongly agree that a grandparent's duty is to contribute towards the economic security fo their grandchildren, by age of grandparent (SHARE) % Sweden Denmark Netherlands France Germany Switzerland Austria Spain Italy Greece n=9475

18 % grandparents who strongly agree that a grandparent's duty is to be there for grandchildren in cases of difficulty, by age of grandparent % Sweden Denmark Netherlands France Germany Switzerland Austria Spain Italy Greece n=9475

19 S. Silverstein, the Little Boy and the Old Man (1981): Said the little boy, Sometimes I drop my spoon. Said the little old man, I do that too The little boy whispered, I wet my pants. I do that too, laughed the little old man. Said the little boy, I often cry. The old man nodded, So do I. But worst of all, said the boy, it seems grown-ups don t pay attention to me And he felt the warmth of the wrinkled old hand. I know what you mean, said the little old man.