Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap Studieretning:Geodynamikk

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1 Masterprosjekt til materopptaket våren 2013 Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap Studieretning:Geodynamikk Prosjekttittel: Paleomagnetisk rekonstruksjon av Norges posisjon gjennom Neoproterosoisk tid (mulighet for 2 studenter) Veileder: Harald Walderhaug Medveileder: Reidar Løvlie Prosjektbeskrivelse Gjennom det meste av Neoproterozoisk tid antar vi at Norge og resten av Nordeuropa ("Baltica") var en del av Superkontinentet Rodinia. Dette superkontinentet skal ha omfattet det meste av alt land på jorden fra det ble dannet for vel 1 Milliard år siden til det sprakk opp i flere ulike riftepisoder mellom 750 og 600 millioner år før nåtid. Flere av kontinentfragmentene som ble dannet ved denne oppsprekkingen kom, fra overgangen til Kambrisk tid, sammen igjen i en ny konfigurasjon og dannet et nytt stort kontinent - Gondwana. En av de viktigste kildene til å rekonstruere Norges posisjon i et slikt globalt scenario er paleomagnetiske undersøkelser. Anortositter og dolerittganger fra Rogaland har gitt oss muligheter til å rekonstruere vår posisjon henholdsvis millioner og 600 millioner år før nåtid, men svært få pålitelige data eksisterer for den lange tidsperioden mellom dette. På Varangerhalvøyen i Finnmark finnes en flere tusen meter tykk sedimentær lagrekke som dekker denne perioden. Mye av sedimentene er relativt udeformerte og inkluderer både glasiale formasjoner, kalkstein, skifer og sandsteinslag. De yngre delene av lagrekken har allerede vært gjenstand for to masterprosjekter avsluttet i 2012, men det er ønskelig å utvide disse undersøkelsene til stratigrafisk lavere nivåer. Konkret vil nye paleomagnetiske undersøkelser fokusere på formasjoner med en alder rundt millioner år. Det er også aktuelt å se på muligheten til å utføre radiometriske aldersdateringer på disse. Feltarbeid: 2 separate feltarbeid av samlet ca 10 dagers varighet i Varangerområdet; det første sannsynligvis i juni Laboratoriearbeid: Prøvematerialet analyseres ved Paleomagnetisk laboratorium, Institutt for geovitenskap. Finansiering: Estimert finansiering fra instituttet på ca ,- Størrelse på oppgaven: 60 stp Foreslåtte emner i spesialiseringen (60 sp): GEOV210, GEOV211, GEOV362, GEOV ; Harald Walderhaug

2 Masterprosjekt til masteropptaket Vår 2013 Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap Studieretning: Structural geology, thermochronology Prosjekttittel: A comparative apatite fission track study northwest and southeast of the Ryfylke Shear Zone Veileder: Dr. Anna Ksienzyk, Medveileder: Prof. J. Jacobs Prosjektbeskrivelse: The Hardangerfjord Shear Zone is a major crustal lineament that formed as a post- Caledonian extensional detachment in the Devonian and accomodated kilometerscale ductile deformation. Further south, the Ryfylke or Røldal Shear Zone parallels the Hardangerfjord Shear Zone but is significantly less well-known and studied. Together with the Hardangerfjord Shear Zone, it is part of the Innermost Boundary Fault system, which delineates the extend of North Atlantic rifting. Across the Ryfylke Shear Zone, differences in deformation style can be observed: In the hangingwall, N- S trending fractures are dominant, but they are only of minor importance in the footwall. This Msc project is part of a larger project to study uplift an erosion histories on both sides of the Ryfylke Shear Zone. Field work will include sampling for fission track dating, combined with structural mapping south of the Ryfylke Shear Zone. An analytical component includes apatite fission track dating of ca. 20 samples in order to characterise the Mesozoic thermal history of the footwall of the Ryfylke Shear Zone. This will be compared to similar results from the hangingwall. The project will be a significant contribution to our understanding of the post-caledonian tectonic history of southwestern Norway. Applicants should be experienced in the field and have a good background in structural geology. Viktig informasjon: Eksterne data No external data. Feltarbeid Sampling for fission track dating and structural mapping in Rogaland county, south of the Ryfylke Shear Zone. Field work will be carried out in summer Laboratoriearbeid Sample preparation of ca. 20 fission track samples. Fission track analyses of ca. 20 samples. Finansiering ESM/VISTA og IFG (student field work)

3 Størrelse på oppgaven: 60 stp. Foreslåtte emner i spesialiseringen (60 stp): Depending on previous courses, a selection of the following courses is recommended: GEOV 241 Mikroskopi (10 stp.), GEOV 242 Magmatisk og metamorf petrologi (10 stp.), GEOV 251 Videregående strukturgeologi (10 stp.), GEOV 252 Feltkurs i geologisk kartlegging (10 stp.), GEOV 300 Utvalgte emner i geovitenskap (5 stp.), GEOV 301 Geostatistikk (5 stp.), GEOV 341 Termokronologi og tektonikk (5 stp.), GEOV 342 Radiogen og stabilisotop geokjemi (10 stp.), GEOV 352 Petroleumsgeologiske feltmetoder (5 stp.), GEOV 362 Sedimentologiske og strukturgeologiske feltmetoder (5 stp.) Bergen, A. Ksienzyk, J. Jacobs

4 Masterprosjekt til masteropptaket Vår 2013 Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap Studieretning: Structural geology, thermochronology Prosjekttittel: The Lærdal-Gjende Fault: a detailed structural and thermochronological study Veileder:, Prof. J. Jacobs, Medveileder: Prof. H. Fossen, Dr. Anna Ksienzyk Prosjektbeskrivelse: The Lærdal-Gjende Fault is a part of a major crustal lineament, that continues as the Hardangerfjord Shear Zone to the southwest. The structure formed as a post- Caledonian extensional detachment in the Devonian that accomodated kilometerscale ductile deformation. Other than the Hardangerfjord Shear Zone, however, the Lærdal-Gjende Fault additionally shows a complex history of repeated Mesozoic- Cenozoic brittle reactivation. The fault is spectacularly exposed in a tunnel entrance close to Lærdalsøyri, where ductile and cohesive brittle fault rocks are cut by a 1-2 m thick zone of incohesive fault gouge and breccia. The outcrop has been used for palaeomagnetic as well as geochronological studies but has not been described in detail. Initial K/Ar illite dating indicates that different parts of the fault were active at different times. This Msc project encompasses a detailed structural and thermochronological study of the Lærdal-Gjende Fault, focussing on the outcrop in Lærdalsøyri. Field work will include detailed mapping of the outcrop, a thorough structural analysis, petrographic descriptions of all fault products and sampling for thermochronology. The latter includes K/Ar dating of seperate strands of clay gouge along a profile across the fault, in order to understand the development of the fault zone. This is combined with fission track analyses of samples from the foot- and hangingwall, both away from the fault and in close proximity, in order to asses differential uplift throughout the Mesozoic and potential thermal disturbances associated with faulting. The results will be a significant contribution to our understanding of the post-caledonian tectonic history of southwestern Norway as well as the development of large fault zones. Applicants should be experienced in the field and have a background in structural geology. Viktig informasjon: Eksterne data K/Ar dating of illite from fault gouges will be carried out at the University of Göttingen, Germany, once samples are available. The analyses take typically 3-6 months. Feltarbeid Detailed structural mapping and analysis of the Lærdal-Gjende Fault in Lærdalsøyri, sampling for K/Ar dating of fault gouges and fission track dating. Field work will be carried out in spring/summer 2013 and Laboratoriearbeid

5 Sample preparation of ca. 10 fission track samples. Fission track analyses of ca. 10 samples. Petrographic and structural description of thin sections. Finansiering ESM of IFG (student field work) Størrelse på oppgaven: 60 stp. Foreslåtte emner i spesialiseringen (60 stp): Depending on previous courses, a selection of the following: GEOV 241 Mikroskopi (10 stp.), GEOV 242 Magmatisk og metamorf petrologi (10 stp.), GEOV 251 Videregående strukturgeologi (10 stp.), GEOV 252 Feltkurs i geologisk kartlegging (10 stp.), GEOV 301 Geostatistikk (5 stp.), GEOV 341 Termokronologi og tektonikk (5 stp.), GEOV 342 Radiogen og stabilisotop geokjemi (10 stp.), GEOV 352 Petroleumsgeologiske feltmetoder (5 stp.), GEOV 362 Sedimentologiske og strukturgeologiske feltmetoder (5 stp.) Bergen, Ksienzyk, Jacobs, Fossen

6 Masterprosjekt til materopptaket våren 2013 Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap Studieretning: Geodyamikk Prosjekttittel: Tracing the unknown East Antarctica: geochronological and petrographic characterisation of basement rocks from moraines in the southern Sør Rondane Mountains Veileder: Prof. Joachim Jacobs Medveileder: Prof. Jan Kosler, Dr. Andreas Laeufer (BGR) (Minst en av veilederne MÅ være ansatt ved instituttet) Prosjektbeskrivelse: Only 2% of Antarctica is exposed. Most of these outcrops occur in the coastal areas, whilst the large interior part of Antarctica is hidden underneath the thick ice cap. In the last decade a major effort has been made to characterise the sub-ice nature of this continent by geophysical means. Another way of learning more about the nature of the continental crust underneath the ice is by the study of boulders and sand that were brought up by the northward flowing glaciers. During the recent GEA2 expedition to Sør Rondane in 2011/12, we identified several moraines between the mountain range and the polar plateau that most likely represent crustal material derived from the inner part of Antarctica. The main purpose of this project is to: - Undertake a petrographic characterisation of selected moraine material - Undertake a detrital ICPMS zircon study of sand from these moraines in order to identify hidden inland cratons and/or mobile belts - Interpret the findings in the framework of modern Gondwana and Rodinia reconstructions Viktig informasjon: Eksterne data (ved bruk av data fra eksterne bedrift, er disse tilgjengelige ved oppstart av masteroppgaven?): no Feltarbeid (noter forventet tid på året): no Laboratoriearbeid (noter forventet mengde): Detrital zircon geochronology, SEM-cathodoluminescence, petrography Finansiering (i første omgang skal finansiering tas fra eksterne prosjekt. Det skal komme tydelig frem om man trenger støtte fra instituttet): Jacobs GEA_2_Antarktis Størrelse på oppgaven: (normalt 60 stp = 1 år fulltidsstudium) 60 Foreslåtte emner i spesialiseringen (60 sp): (det er spesielt viktig å foreslå emner studenten skal velge første semester, høsten 2012)

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8 Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap (Master Thesis in Earth Science) GEODYNAMIKK (GEODYNAMICS) (studieretning - fordypning) Prosjekttittel/Project title: Crustal velocity models and earthquake location Veileder/supervisor: Førsteamanuensis Lars Ottemöller Evt. medveileder/co-supervisor: Kuvvet Atakan, Henk Keers, Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen Formål (kort beskrivelse av prosjektet, maks. ½ A4 side)/aim: About 100 earthquakes occur in Norway and its surroundings on average per year. The earthquakes are detected by the National Norwegian Seismic Network that is operated by the Department, and earthquake locations and magnitudes are routinely determined. At present, a single velocity model is used for the entire region, although it is known that the crust is not homogeneous and the regional differences should be accounted for. Another difficulty in Norway is the location of earthquakes offshore, from the coast to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. There are a number of ways to improve the earthquake locations. First, it is possible to build an improved velocity model based on previous studies, but also use travel time tomography as tool to improve the velocity models. Second, one can compare different location algorithms to investigate if there are systematic differences, and whether one gives better results than the others. Further, it is known from other places that repetitive earthquakes occur. This means that similar earthquakes can after some time happen again in almost the same place. Such earthquakes produce similar signals, and it is possible to use correlation techniques to accurately measure time differences between different earthquakes and then use that information to obtain more precise relative earthquake locations. This can lead to less scattered images of seismicity that are more easily interpreted. Evt. spesielle forkunnskaper i andre fag/prerequest: Signal processing, inversion theory Feltarbeid/fieldwork: Laboratoriearbeid/Lab: Finansiering/Finance: Ikke nødvendig Type oppgave (60stp/30stp): 60 stp (1 year full-time work) geov355, geov357, geov359, geov276, geov219 October 2013 Lars Ottemöller

9 Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap (Master Thesis in Earth Science) GEODYNAMIKK (GEODYNAMICS) (studieretning - fordypning) Prosjekttittel/Project title: Determination of fault plane solution Veileder/supervisor: Førsteamanuensis Lars Ottemöller Evt. medveileder/co-supervisor: Henk Keers, Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen Formål (kort beskrivelse av prosjektet, maks. ½ A4 side)/aim: It is possible to investigate the underlying causes (stresses) for earthquakes in a region from the determination of fault plane solution. The fault plane solution (strike, dip and rake) can be determined from first motion polarity data or from the inversion of waveform data. The determination of the fault plane solution for earthquakes in Norway is not always easy due to the geographical distribution of the stations. The aim of this project would be to first compare different tools for the determination of the fault plane solutions using first motion polarity data, and to apply these to increase the number of available solutions. A seismo-tectonic interpretation of the solutions will also be made. It is also possible to use the full seismograms to perform a so-called moment tensor inversion to determine the source mechanism. This method is based on using seismograms recorded at regional distances. The project can include the development of software for this purpose. Evt. spesielle forkunnskaper i andre fag/prerequest: Signal processing, inversion theory Feltarbeid/fieldwork: Laboratoriearbeid/Lab: Finansiering/Finance: Ikke nødvendig Type oppgave (60stp/30stp): 60 stp (1 year full-time work) geov355, geov357, geov359, geov276, geov219 October 2012 Lars Ottemöller

10 Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap (Master Thesis in Earth Science) GEODYNAMIKK (GEODYNAMICS) (studieretning - fordypning) Prosjekttittel/Project title: Earthquake magnitude and attenuation Veileder/supervisor: Førsteamanuensis Lars Ottemöller Evt. medveileder/co-supervisor: Kuvvet Atakan, Henk Keers, Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen Formål (kort beskrivelse av prosjektet, maks. ½ A4 side)/aim: About 100 earthquakes occur in Norway and its surroundings on average per year. The earthquakes are detected by the National Norwegian Seismic Network that is operated by the Department, and earthquake locations and magnitudes are routinely determined. By default, several different magnitudes are determined for each earthquake. However, the same scales are used for the entire region. It is known that crustal attenuation varies laterally, e.g. attenuation offshore is significantly different from that onshore, and the original paper that established the local magnitude scale described these differences. Since then, the data set has grown and this problem can be investigated in greater detail. One objective would be to revise the local magnitude scale to better account for regional differences. This would be done by inverting for the parameters that make the magnitude scale, accounting for attenuation and geometrical spreading. In addition, attenuation and earthquake source parameters can be investigated from the earthquake spectra. Here it is also possible to revise the existing attenuation model with more data that has been recorded since the previous model was made. Earthquake magnitude can be determined from the source spectra, which are obtained by correcting the spectra for attenuation. Evt. spesielle forkunnskaper i andre fag/prerequest: Signal processing, inversion theory Feltarbeid/fieldwork: Laboratoriearbeid/Lab: Finansiering/Finance: ikke nødvendig Type oppgave (60stp/30stp): 60 stp (1 year full-time work) geov355, geov357, geov359, geov276, geov219 October 2013 Lars Ottemöller

11 Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap (Master Thesis in Earth Science) GEODYNAMIKK (GEODYNAMICS) (studieretning - fordypning) Prosjekttittel/Project title: Seismotectonics of the Rudbar fault, Iran Veileder/supervisor: Førsteamanuensis Lars Ottemöller Evt. medveileder/co-supervisor: Mohammad Raeesi, Henk Keers, Mathilde Bøttger Sørensen Formål (kort beskrivelse av prosjektet, maks. ½ A4 side)/aim: The purpose of this project is to better understand the seismic hazard to Tehran, Iran, from the Rudbar fault system. This will involve a careful review of the tectonics and historic earthquakes of the region to identify the main structures that could result in damaging earthquakes. The work will then involve processing of earthquake data to improve the understanding of the distribution of earthquakes, and their mechanisms using a data set from a pervious temporary deployment. Earthquakes will also be studied to understand their stress drop. The results may be used to estimate expected levels of ground motions in possible affected areas during future earthquakes. Evt. spesielle forkunnskaper i andre fag/prerequest: Feltarbeid/fieldwork: Laboratoriearbeid/Lab: Finansiering/Finance: ikke nødvendig Type oppgave (60stp/30stp): 60 stp (1 year full-time work) geov355, geov357, geov359, geov276, geov October 2012 Lars Ottemöller

12 Masterprosjekt til materopptaket høst 2012 FRIST for oppgave innlevering er 5.mars 2012 Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap Studieretning: Geodynamikk Prosjekttittel: Integrating 3D ground motion simulation in probabilistic seismic hazard assessment Veileder: Mathilde B. Sørensen Medveileder: Henk Keers (Minst en av veilederne MÅ være ansatt ved instituttet) Prosjektbeskrivelse (kort beskrivelse av prosjektet, maks. ½ A4 side): Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) is a method to determine the level of earthquake ground shaking to be expected with a certain annual probability at a location. In traditional PSHA studies, a number of seismogenic sources are defined which are expected to represent the full seismicity to affect the study area. Each source zone is associated with relevant parameters describing the seismicity and a ground motion prediction equation (GMPE) relating earthquake magnitude and distance to a level of ground shaking. The hazard is estimated by combining the contributions of each seismogenic source. Today, methods are available to develop much more precise estimates of ground motion than can be provided by GMPE, using various modeling techniques. The aim of this project will be to work towards integrating 3D ground motion simulations with PSHA. The city of Izmir (Turkey) will be used as a target and the analysis will involve the following steps: - Definition of seismogenic sources and associated parameters - 3D wave propagation modeling for a large number of earthquake scenarios - Integration of results in a probabilistic framework to produce hazard results The project will involve a significant amount of programming and it is important that the student has a good knowledge of, and interest in, basic physics and mathematics. Viktig informasjon: Eksterne data (ved bruk av data fra eksterne bedrift, er disse tilgjengelige ved oppstart av masteroppgaven?): All necessary data and programs are available in the literature or at the department Feltarbeid (noter forventet tid på året): None Laboratoriearbeid (noter forventet mengde): None Finansiering (i første omgang skal finansiering tas fra eksterne prosjekt. Det skal komme tydelig frem om man trenger støtte fra instituttet): None Størrelse på oppgaven: 60 stp (normalt 60 stp = 1 år fulltidsstudium)

13 Foreslåtte emner i spesialiseringen (60 sp): (det er spesielt viktig å foreslå emner studenten skal velge første semester, høsten 2012) Seismotektonikk, Teoretisk seismologi, Seismisk risiko, Processering av jordskjelvsdata, Computational methods in solid Earth physics

14 Masterprosjekt til materopptaket høst 2012 FRIST for oppgave innlevering er 5.mars 2012 Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap Studieretning: Geodynamikk Prosjekttittel: Earthquake damage and loss assessment for Bergen or Oslo (2 projects possible) Veileder: Mathilde B. Sørensen Medveileder: Dominik H. Lang (NORSAR), Kuvvet Atakan (Minst en av veilederne MÅ være ansatt ved instituttet) Prosjektbeskrivelse (kort beskrivelse av prosjektet, maks. ½ A4 side): Although Norway is a region of relatively low seismicity, earthquakes with magnitudes up to 6 are possible near several large urban centers, which may cause damage to buildings and infrastructures and lead to significant economical losses. The aim of this project will be to evaluate the seismic risk in either of the cities of Bergen or Oslo in terms of expected structural damage to the general building stock and the connected losses in case of a large scenario earthquake. In earthquake damage and loss assessment, the ground motion due to a scenario earthquake is estimated, and the corresponding damages and losses are derived based on building stock inventories and their structural vulnerability. Input ground motions will be derived through ground motion simulation for realistic earthquake scenarios in the chosen study area. This will require collecting seismotectonic information for the study area to identify faults with a potential to generate a large event. An important component of the project will be its cross-disciplinary character to the field of earthquake engineering in order to update the available building inventory database for the study area, to calibrate it through sample surveys in the field and to select suitable vulnerability estimates for the various building typologies. Viktig informasjon: Eksterne data (ved bruk av data fra eksterne bedrift, er disse tilgjengelige ved oppstart av masteroppgaven?): All required data and software is available in the literature or at the department Feltarbeid (noter forventet tid på året): Building inventory sample surveys. Can be performed year-round, though it is recommended to work in summer. Laboratoriearbeid (noter forventet mengde): None Finansiering (i første omgang skal finansiering tas fra eksterne prosjekt. Det skal komme tydelig frem om man trenger støtte fra instituttet): A small amount of funding will be required to cover field work, in case Oslo is chosen as study area. Størrelse på oppgaven: 60 stp (normalt 60 stp = 1 år fulltidsstudium) Foreslåtte emner i spesialiseringen (60 sp): (det er spesielt viktig å foreslå emner studenten skal velge første semester, høsten 2012)

15 Seismotektonikk, Videregående strukturgeologi, Teoretisk seismologi, Processering av jordskjelvsdata, seismisk risiko, Computational methods in solid Earth physics

16 Masterprosjekt til materopptaket våren 2013 Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap Studieretning: Geodynamikk Prosjekttittel: Seismic hazard in Norway due to large earthquakes Veileder: Mathilde B. Sørensen Medveileder: Haakon Fossen, Kuvvet Atakan (Minst en av veilederne MÅ være ansatt ved instituttet) Prosjektbeskrivelse (kort beskrivelse av prosjektet, maks. ½ A4 side): Although Norway is a region of relatively low seismicity, earthquakes with magnitudes up to 6 are possible near several large urban centers, which may cause damage and significant economical losses. The aim of this project will be to identify major fault structures in mainland Norway, which may generate large (M~6+) earthquakes. This will be done based on available geological, tectonic and seismological information. The likelihood of an actual rupture will be evaluated to the extent possible. For a selected number of faults, ground motions will be simulated for a number of realistic earthquake scenarios to estimate the impact of a large event. Main focus will here be on faults near the main cities. Viktig informasjon: Eksterne data (ved bruk av data fra eksterne bedrift, er disse tilgjengelige ved oppstart av masteroppgaven?): Geological and tectonic information is available in the literature; seismological data are available at the department. All necessary software is freely available. Feltarbeid (noter forventet tid på året): None Laboratoriearbeid (noter forventet mengde): None Finansiering (i første omgang skal finansiering tas fra eksterne prosjekt. Det skal komme tydelig frem om man trenger støtte fra instituttet): None Størrelse på oppgaven: 60 stp (normalt 60 stp = 1 år fulltidsstudium) Foreslåtte emner i spesialiseringen (60 sp): (det er spesielt viktig å foreslå emner studenten skal velge første semester, høsten 2012) Seismotektonikk, Videregående strukturgeologi, Teoretisk seismologi, Processering av jordskjelvsdata, seismisk risiko, Computational methods in solid Earth physics

17 Masterprosjekt til materopptaket våren 2013 Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap Studieretning: Geodynamikk Prosjekttittel: Tsunami modeling in the Marmara Sea Veileder: Mathilde B. Sørensen Medveileder: Lars Ottemöller, Kuvvet Atakan (Minst en av veilederne MÅ være ansatt ved instituttet) Prosjektbeskrivelse (kort beskrivelse av prosjektet, maks. ½ A4 side): The Marmara Sea region in NW Turkey has experienced several large tsunamis in the past. The impact of these events can be significant for the densely populated coastal areas and especially for the megacity Istanbul. The purpose of this project will be to model tsunami propagation and estimate the impact of tsunamis generated by earthquakes in the Marmara Sea. This will include identification of critical tsunamigenic earthquake scenarios, estimation of the corresponding sea bottom displacement and simulation of tsunami wave propagation. Viktig informasjon: Eksterne data (ved bruk av data fra eksterne bedrift, er disse tilgjengelige ved oppstart av masteroppgaven?): Faulting and seismicity data available from different agencies online Bathymetry model local model, or global data such as GEBCO which is available online Tsunami modeling code several open-source codes exist, e.g. TUNAMI-N2 Feltarbeid (noter forventet tid på året): None Laboratoriearbeid (noter forventet mengde): None None Finansiering (i første omgang skal finansiering tas fra eksterne prosjekt. Det skal komme tydelig frem om man trenger støtte fra instituttet): None Størrelse på oppgaven: 60 stp (normalt 60 stp = 1 år fulltidsstudium) Foreslåtte emner i spesialiseringen (60 sp): (det er spesielt viktig å foreslå emner studenten skal velge første semester, høsten 2012) Seismotektonikk, Teoretisk seismologi, Processering av jordskjelvsdata, seismisk risiko, Geodynamikk og bassengmodellering, Computational methods in solid Earth physics

18 Masterprosjekt til materopptaket høst 2012 FRIST for oppgave innlevering er 5.mars 2012 Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap Studieretning: Seismology (Geodynamics) Prosjekttittel: A comparison of deconvolution techniques in receiver function analysis Veileder: Stéphane Rondenay Medveileder: Henk Keers (Minst en av veilederne MÅ være ansatt ved instituttet) Prosjektbeskrivelse (kort beskrivelse av prosjektet, maks. ½ A4 side): Teleseismic receiver functions are used to image discontinuities in the Earth s crust and mantle. A key step in the computation of receiver functions is the normalization of the incident wavefield. This normalization is achieved by deconvolving the incident wavefield from the recorded signal. Deconvolution is a process that is inherently unstable when applied to real data and therefore it requires some form of regularization. As a result, several deconvolution techniques have been developed over the years. This project will investigate the strengths and weaknesses of these various deconvolution techniques. It will involve the programming of the deconvolution algorithms in matlab, and their application to synthetic and real seismic data. This comparison work will yield new constraints to help scientists choose the optimal deconvolution technique for the specific problem they are trying to solve. It will also help pave the way for the development of an automated workflow aimed at generating a global receiver function database. Potential candidates should have experience and strong interest in math and programming. Viktig informasjon: Eksterne data (ved bruk av data fra eksterne bedrift, er disse tilgjengelige ved oppstart av masteroppgaven?): The project will use synthetic data (generated using software available at UiB) and real data that are publicly available. Feltarbeid (noter forventet tid på året): There is no fieldwork involved in this project. Laboratoriearbeid (noter forventet mengde): There is no lab work involved in this project. Finansiering (i første omgang skal finansiering tas fra eksterne prosjekt. Det skal komme tydelig frem om man trenger støtte fra instituttet):

19 There is no financing necessary Størrelse på oppgaven: (normalt 60 stp = 1 år fulltidsstudium) 60 stp Foreslåtte emner i spesialiseringen (60 sp): (det er spesielt viktig å foreslå emner studenten skal velge første semester, høsten 2012) GEOV270 GEOV355 GEOV Stéphane Rondenay

20 Masterprosjekt til materopptaket høst 2012 FRIST for oppgave innlevering er 5.mars 2012 Masteroppgave i Geovitenskap Studieretning: Seismology (Geodynamics) Prosjekttittel: Inversion of teleseismic polarization data for crustal velocities and Poisson s ratio Veileder: Stéphane Rondenay Medveileder: Lars Ottemöller (Minst en av veilederne MÅ være ansatt ved instituttet) Prosjektbeskrivelse (kort beskrivelse av prosjektet, maks. ½ A4 side): The polarization of teleseismic P- and S-waves recorded at broadband seismometers depends on the elastic properties of the crust beneath the seismometers. This project will investigate how one can efficiently extract the polarization data from broadband teleseismic records and use these data to estimate crustal velocities and Poisson s ratio. The project will involve the development of unix and matlab software to extract the polarization data and invert the data for elastic properties. The software will be tested on synthetic data and applied to real data from permanent seismic stations worldwide. The results of this project will yield new, independent constraints on the elastic properties of the crust. Potential candidates should have experience and strong interest in math and programming. Viktig informasjon: Eksterne data (ved bruk av data fra eksterne bedrift, er disse tilgjengelige ved oppstart av masteroppgaven?): The project will use synthetic data (generated using software available at UiB) and real data that are publicly available. Feltarbeid (noter forventet tid på året): There is no fieldwork involved in this project. Laboratoriearbeid (noter forventet mengde): There is no lab work involved in this project. Finansiering (i første omgang skal finansiering tas fra eksterne prosjekt. Det skal komme tydelig frem om man trenger støtte fra instituttet): There is no financing necessary Størrelse på oppgaven: (normalt 60 stp = 1 år fulltidsstudium)

21 60 stp Foreslåtte emner i spesialiseringen (60 sp): (det er spesielt viktig å foreslå emner studenten skal velge første semester, høsten 2012) GEOV270 GEOV355 GEOV Stéphane Rondenay