Authors: Ingunn Saur Modahl and Bjørn Ivar Vold OR.32.10 ISBN: 978-82-7520-634-1 / 82-7520-634-0 Navn
Report no.: OR.32.10 ISBN no.: 978-82-7520-634-1 Type of report: ISBN no.: 82-7520-634-0 Commissioned report ISSN no.: 0803-6659 Report title: Authors: Ingunn Saur Modahl and Bjørn Ivar Vold Project no: 1433 Project title: EPD av etanol frå Borregard (EPD of ethanol from Borregaard) Commissioner: Borregaard Industries Limited, Norway Commissioners reference: Tuva Barnholt Keywords: Availability: Number of pages incl. appendixes: LCA Greenhouse gas account Wood conversion Bio refinery Open 78 Approved: Date: 18 th of February, 2011 Project leader (Sign) Research leader (Sign) Copying with reference allowed
CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION...2 1.1 BACKGROUND...2 1.2 METHODOLOGY...2 1.3 GENERAL LIMITATIONS OF LCA...5 1.4 MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJECT...5 2 GOAL, SYSTEM BOUNDARIES AND DATA...7 2.1 GOAL OF THE ANALYSIS...7 2.2 FUNCTIONAL UNIT...7 2.3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM BOUNDARIES...7 2.4 DATASET AND CONDITIONS...9 2.4.1 About the datasets...9 2.4.2 Collection of specific data for raw materials and chemicals...11 2.4.3 Modelling of the infrastructure at Borregaard...13 2.4.4 Choice of electricity model...14 2.4.5 Transport to customer...14 2.5 ALLOCATION...15 2.6 QUALITY CONTROL...17 3 RESULTS...19 3.1 GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL (GWP)...19 3.2 ACIDIFICATION POTENTIAL...22 3.3 EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAL...26 3.4 PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE CREATION POTENTIAL (POCP)...29 3.5 OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL (ODP)...32 3.6 CUMULATIVE ENERGY DEMAND (CED)...35 3.7 WASTE...39 3.8 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CATEGORIES...43 4 SCENARIO ANALYSIS...44 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS...46 6 REFERENCES...52 Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 7 Appendix 8 Process model, energy- and mass balance Aggregated results Data for emissions and water consumption Borregaard Masses and treatment of waste from Borregaard Detailed EPD calculations How to read the LCA network figure? LCA what, why and how? Environmental impact categories and potential effects i
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND 1.2 METHODOLOGY 1 LCA = Life Cycle Assessment. Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/life_cycle_assessment. An introduction to LCA is presented in appendixes. 2 EPD = Environmental Product Declaration. Standardised (ISO 14025) method for presentation of LCA results. www.environdec.com 3 International organisation for Standardisation; http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue.htm
- - - ISO 14044: Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Requirements and guidelines ISO 14048: Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Data documentation format 3
Table 1 Impact assessment methods used in this study 4 Environmental impact category Global warming potential (GWP) Acidification potential Eutrophication potential Photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP): Ozone depletion potential Human and eco toxicity Resource consumption in the form of area consumption Resource use in the form of material consumption Resource consumption in the form of cumulative energy demand, several categories (CED) Waste (several categories) Impact assessment method IPPC 2007 GWP 100a 5, V1.02 CML 2 baseline 2000, V2.05. CML 2 baseline 2000, V2.05. CML 2 baseline 2000, V2.05. CML 2 baseline 2000, V2.05. CML 2 baseline 2000, V2.05. CML 2001 (all impact categories), V2.04. Unit kg CO 2 -eqv. kg SO 2 -eqv. kg PO 4-3 -eqv. kg C 2 H 4 -eqv (ethene/ ethyleneeqv.) kg CFC-11- eqv. kg 1.4- dichlorobenz ene-eqv. m 2 a Comment Assuming steady state in biogenic systems (not considering uptake of CO 2 in biological systems, nor counting biogenic CO 2 when burning biological matter). has included emission factors for some groups of emissions (VOC, NMVOC, alkenes, aromatics and esters). The calculations are made according to the LCA-guide from the University of Leiden (Universiteit Leiden, 2010). Not included in this analysis. Not included in this analysis. - kg Not included in this analysis. CML 1992 V2.06 and Cumulative Energy Demand V1.07 by Ecoinvent. EDIP/UMIP 97 V2.03 (waste). MJ LHV kg waste Developed by, based on own experience, EPD-guidelines (PCR CPC 17 v.1.1, 2007-10-31 Electricity, Steam, and Hot and Cold Water Generation and Distribution) and Norwegian regulations in addition to the given methods here. Developed by, based on own experience, EPD-guidelines and Norwegian regulations in addition to the given methods here. 4 5 An explanation of the environmental impact categories and potential effects is found in Appendix. Caracterisation factors are found at the homepage of University of Leiden: http://cml.leiden.edu/software/data-cmlia.html. Here you can find the CML-IA database, which can be downloaded free of charge (Universiteit Leiden, 2010). Last update: April 2010. The global warming potential is based on a time horizon of 100 years. Gases have different lifetimes in the atmosphere, and hence models have been developed for different time horizons. A time horizon of 100 years is most commonly used. 4
1.3 GENERAL LIMITATIONS OF LCA 7 - - - - - - - 1.4 MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJECT 6 SimaPro is developed and sold by Pré Consultants in the Netherlands. See also: http://www.pre.nl/ 7 See explanation of the different environmental impact categories in appendix 8. 5
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2 GOAL, SYSTEM BOUNDARIES AND DATA 2.1 GOAL OF THE ANALYSIS 2.2 FUNCTIONAL UNIT The functional unit is 1 tonne product for cellulose, lignin and vanillin and 1 m 3 product for ethanol 9 2.3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM BOUNDARIES 8 9 The product is called Ethanol (99%), the actual ethanol content is 99,9%. The analysis is performed on a dry basis, meaning that the analysis is done per tonne dry matter (DM) of the products. For ethanol (as an example) this means that the environmental impacts are distributed only on the amount of ethanol in the product (water contents are 0,1% and 4%). 7
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Raw materials The factories at Borregaard Sarpsborg Products Ethanol 96% Ethanol 99% Production and transport of raw materials and energy carriers Cellulose Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin 2.4 DATASET AND CONDITIONS 2.4.1 About the datasets 9
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2.4.2 Collection of specific data for raw materials and chemicals 11
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2.4.3 Modelling of the infrastructure at Borregaard 13
2.4.4 Choice of electricity model 2.4.5 Transport to customer 14
Table 2 DM content in the Borregaard products Product Wet basis Content of Water content dry matter Dry basis Content of Water content dry matter Transport correction factor kg DM/kg product kg w ater/kg product kg DM/kg DM kg w ater/kg DM kg product/kg DM Cellulose 0.930 0.070 1.000 0.075 1.075 Ethanol (96%) 0.960 0.040 1.000 0.042 1.042 Ethanol (99%) 0.999 0.001 1.000 0.001 1.001 Lignin (liquid) 0.510 0.490 1.000 0.961 1.961 Lignin (powder) 0.950 0.050 1.000 0.053 1.053 Vanillin 0.999 0.001 1.000 0.001 1.001 Table 3 Corrected transport distance and distribution on means of transportation Product Transport distance Corrected transport distance Distribution km km Ship Lorry Rail Cellulose 100 107.5 55 % 40 % 5 % Ethanol (96%) 100 104.2 10 % 5 % 85 % Ethanol (99%) 100 100.1 10 % 5 % 85 % Lignin (liquid) 100 196.1 80 % 15 % 5 % Lignin (powder) 100 105.3 65 % 35 % 0 % Vanillin 100 100.1 50 % 50 % 0 % 2.5 ALLOCATION 15
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Table 4 Applied heat values and densities Heat value (LHV) Density Reference/comment Biological dry matter 6.8 GJ/fm3 0.4 tonnes/fm 3 SSB (2006) 17 GJ/tonnes - Calculated 4.7 MWh/tonnes - Calculated Ethanol 29.7 MJ/kg 0.789 kg/l Wikipedia (2008a) 2.6 QUALITY CONTROL 17
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kg CO 2 -eqv. 3 RESULTS 3.1 GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL (GWP) 1400 Global warming potential (GWP) 2007 and 2010 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 1 tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Transport of product to customer (100 km) 9 9 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 10 10 Other internal processes at Borregaard + various 37 23 4 3 32 12 20 12 55 36 58 20 Combustion of oil at Borregaard 501 455 129 118 321 292 298 279 531 481 479 336 Combustion of waste at Borregaard 102 185 27 48 66 118 37 65 65 107 98 136 Borregaard's own infrastructure 6 6 5 4 5 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 Production and transport of timber, wood chips and chemicals 199 212 77 77 77 99 106 114 192 204 283 300 Production and transport of energy carriers 366 270 95 70 191 137 237 182 377 279 420 282 19
1E3 kg C ellulose, inkl infrastruktur, fellesav fall og 100 1,16E3 1E3 kg C ellulose, inkl. infrastruktur og fellesav fall - 1,15E3 1,09E3 kg Cellulose frå Tørke/C ellulosefabr ikken v ed Drying machine 1,14E3 1,09E3 kg Bleika masse frå Bleikeriet/C ellulosef abrikken v ed Bleaching plant 771 868 1,3E4 MJ Damp (totalt, Borregaard) Steam 1,07E3 kg Ubleika cellulose frå Kokeri på Borregaard Digester 312 210 kg Natronlut NaO H frå blandetank på Borregaard 81 1,77E3 MJ Damp - Hafslund av fallsforbrennig på Borregaard 76,5 2,54E3 MJ Damp - Ø stfold Energi av fallsforbrennig på 108 390 3,69E3 MJ Damp - A lv a forbrenning Biofuel plant 380 3,82E3 MJ Damp - Fy rhus Boiler house 574 kg Household waste (combustion and waste energy 430 kg A lv amix frå Inndampar/C ellulos efabrikken, 55,7 kg Waste oil combustion (incl energy from 86,1 kg Heav y fuel oil (production and combustion) 5,99E3 MJ Elektrisitet (totalt, Borregaard) 185 238 179 314 232 574 kg Forbrenning av husholdningsav fall (alle fraksjonar). 238 kg A lkacell frå Bleikeriet/C ellulosef abrikken v ed 73,8 kg V anicell frå V anillinfabrikken, Borregaard 142 kg Heav y fuel oil, combustion (no resources) Combustion of oil 5,99E3 MJ Innkjøpt elektrisitet, Borregaard 169 159 75,5 455 232 6,62E3 MJ Electricity Nordel, 2008, low voltage, made for 257 6,62E3 MJ Electricity, low v oltage, production NO RDEL 2008, at Electricity production 257 20
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kg SO 2 -eqv. 3.2 ACIDIFICATION POTENTIAL 12 10 Acidification potential 2007 and 2010 8 6 4 2 0 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 1 tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Transport of product to customer (100 km) 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Other internal processes at Borregaard + various 1.6 0.9 0.3 1.0 0.6 1.2 0.8 1.3 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.3 Combustion of oil at Borregaard 3.1 2.8 0.8 0.7 2.0 1.8 1.1 1.2 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.1 Combustion of waste at Borregaard 0.7 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.9 Borregaard's own infrastructure 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Production and transport of timber, wood chips and chemicals 4.4 4.4 2.1 2.2 2.6 2.7 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 5.2 5.0 Production and transport of energy carriers 1.5 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.2 22
1E3 kg C ellulose, inkl infrastruktur, fellesav fall og 100 10,6 1E3 kg C ellulose, inkl. infrastruktur og fellesav fall - 10,6 1,09E3 kg Cellulose frå Tørke/C ellulosefabr ikken v ed Drying machine 10,5 1,09E3 kg Bleika masse frå Bleikeriet/C ellulosef abrikken v ed Bleaching plant 7,73 6,89 1,3E4 MJ Damp (totalt, Borregaard) Steam 1,07E3 kg Ubleika cellulose frå Kokeri på Borregaard Digester 4,08 2,54E3 MJ V armt v atn frå blandetank på Borregaard 0,753 664 MJ Damp frå SO 2-anlegget på Borregaard 0,588 2,54E3 MJ Damp - Ø stfold Energi av fallsforbrennig på 0,7 3,29 3,69E3 MJ Damp - A lv a forbrenning Biofuel plant 2,53 3,82E3 MJ Damp - Fy rhus Boiler house 115 kg SO 2 frå SO 2-anlegget på Borregaard 574 kg Household waste (combustion and waste energy 430 kg A lv amix frå Inndampar/C ellulos efabrikken, 55,7 kg Waste oil combustion (incl energy from 86,1 kg Heav y fuel oil (production and combustion) 5,99E3 MJ Elektrisitet (totalt, Borregaard) 1,95 1,19 2,24 1,09 2,17 0,722 57,1 kg S - sulphur, 1 tonne - Esso Norge, Slagen Sulphur 2,54 574 kg Forbrenning av husholdningsav fall (alle fraksjonar). 1,12 238 kg A lkacell frå Bleikeriet/C ellulosef abrikken v ed 1,6 73,8 kg V anicell frå V anillinfabrikken, Borregaard 0,737 142 kg Heav y fuel oil, combustion (no resources) Combustion of oil 2,77 0,722 5,99E3 MJ Innkjøpt elektrisitet, Borregaard 84 kg Secondary sulphur, at refinery /RER U 6,62E3 MJ Electricity Nordel, 2008, low voltage, made for 3,22 0,798 6,62E3 MJ Electricity, low v oltage, production NO RDEL 2008, at 0,798 23
3.15E7 s 1 Borregaard annual emissions (direct emissions, 2.89E5 3.15E7 s 1 Digester 3.15E7 s 1 Bleaching plant 3.15E7 s 1 Ethanol plant 3.15E7 s 1 Biological effluent plant 1.18E4 6.68E4 2.81E4 1.82E5 2.41E5 kg SO2 2.89E5 24
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kg PO 4-3 -eqv. 3.3 EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAL 5.5 5.0 4.5 Eutrophication potential 2007 and 2010 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 1 tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Transport of product to customer (100 km) 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 Other internal processes at Borregaard + various 2.86 2.49 0.79 1.88 1.06 2.16 1.37 2.45 2.25 4.15 1.99 1.77 Combustion of oil at Borregaard 0.10 0.09 0.03 0.02 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.07 Combustion of waste at Borregaard 0.10 0.18 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.12 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.10 0.09 0.13 Borregaard's own infrastructure 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 Production and transport of timber, wood chips and chemicals 0.05 0.39 0.06 0.11 0.08 0.14 0.06 0.15 0.17 0.37 0.13 0.71 Production and transport of energy carriers 0.14 0.39 0.04 0.10 0.08 0.20 0.08 0.27 0.16 0.40 0.15 0.41 26
1E3 kg C ellulose, inkl infrastruktur, fellesav fall og 100 3,56 1E3 kg C ellulose, inkl. infrastruktur og fellesav fall - 3,55 1E3 kg Transport av cellulose 100 km (EPD) 0,014 1,09E3 kg Cellulose frå Tørke/C ellulosefabr ikken v ed Drying machine 3,54 140 tkm Transport, transoceanic freight ship/oce U 0,00359 Bleaching plant 1,09E3 kg Bleika masse frå Bleikeriet/C ellulosef abrikken v ed 3 1,3E4 MJ Damp (totalt, Steam Borregaard) 1,28 1,49E-9 p O peration, maintenance, port/rer/i U 0,00594 1,07E3 kg Ubleika cellulose frå Kokeri på Borregaard Digester 0,767 210 kg Natronlut NaO H frå blandetank på Borregaard 0,218 2,54E3 MJ V armt v atn frå blandetank på Borregaard 0,307 2,54E3 MJ Damp - Ø stfold Energi av fallsforbrennig på 0,105 0,894 3,69E3 MJ Damp - A lv a forbrenning Biofuel plant 3,82E3 MJ Damp - Fy rhus 0,271 398 MJ Electricity, medium v oltage, production UC TE, at 0,193 1,71E3 MJ V armt v atn frå Etanolfabrikken på Borregaard 574 kg Household waste (combustion and waste energy 430 kg A lv amix frå Inndampar/C ellulos efabrikken, 5,99E3 MJ Elektrisitet (totalt, Borregaard) 448 MJ Electricity, high v oltage, production UC TE, at 0,272 0,18 0,813 0,341 0,212 238 kg A lkacell frå Bleikeriet/C ellulosef abrikken v ed 73,8 kg V anicell frå V anillinfabrikken, Borregaard 5,99E3 MJ Innkjøpt elektrisitet, Borregaard 457 MJ Electricity, production mix UCTE/UCTE U 0,62 0,218 0,341 0,214 6,62E3 MJ Electricity Nordel, 2008, low voltage, made for 0,377 6,62E3 MJ Electricity, low v oltage, production NO RDEL 2008, at 0,377 27
3.15E7 s 1 Borregaard annual emissions (direct emissions, no 9.04E5 3.15E7 s 3.15E7 s 3.15E7 s 3.15E7 s 3.15E7 s 3.15E7 s 3.15E7 s 1 Debarking 1 Digester 1 Bleaching plant 1 Ethanol plant 1 Lignin plant 1 Biological effluent 1 Biofuel plant (powder) plant 5.6E3 1.15E5 2.89E5 1.88E5 1.15E5 1.82E5 5.77E3 3.53E7 kg 2.69E4 kg 1.08E5 kg COD Phosphorous (P-tot) Nitrogen (N-tot) 7.76E5 8.22E4 4.52E4 28
kg C 2 H 4 -eqv. 3.4 PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE CREATION POTENTIAL (POCP) 0.9 0.8 Photochemical ozone creation potential 2007 and 2010 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 1 tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Transport of product to customer (100 km) 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Other internal processes at Borregaard + various 0.08 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.05 0.05 Combustion of oil at Borregaard 0.15 0.13 0.04 0.04 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.11 Combustion of waste at Borregaard 0.06 0.11 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.08 Borregaard's own infrastructure 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Production and transport of timber, wood chips and chemicals 0.25 0.30 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.29 0.34 0.35 Production and transport of energy carriers 0.16 0.16 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.14 29
1E3 kg C ellulose, inkl infrastruktur, fellesav fall og 100 0,765 1E3 kg C ellulose, inkl. infrastruktur og fellesav fall - 0,754 1,09E3 kg Cellulose frå Tørke/C ellulosefab rikken v ed Drying machine 0,751 1,09E3 kg Bleika masse frå Bleikeriet/C ellulose fabrikken v ed Bleaching plant 0,543 0,508 1,3E4 MJ Damp (totalt, Borregaard) Steam 1,07E3 kg Ubleika cellulose frå Kokeri på Borregaard Digester 0,283 2,54E3 MJ Damp - Ø stfold Energi av fallsforbrennig 0,0658 0,217 3,69E3 MJ Damp - A lv a forbrenning Biofuel plant 3,82E3 MJ Damp - Fy rhus Boiler house 0,206 1,96 m3 Flis frå Renseriet på Borregaard 115 kg SO 2 frå SO 2-anlegget på Borregaard 574 kg Household waste (combustion and waste energy 430 kg A lv amix frå Inndampar/C ellulos efabrikken, 55,7 kg Waste oil combustion (incl energy from 86,1 kg Heav y fuel oil (production and combustion) 5,99E3 MJ Elektrisitet (totalt, Borregaard) 0,0628 0,0866 0,112 0,158 0,0565 0,179 0,0633 2,16 m3 Timber - V iken skog 57,1 kg S - sulphur, 1 tonne - Esso Norge, Slagen 574 kg Forbrenning av husholdningsav fall (alle fraksjonar). 238 kg A lkacell frå Bleikeriet/C ellulosef abrikken v ed 142 kg Heav y fuel oil, combustion (no resources) 86,1 kg Heav y fuel oil, at regional storage/rer S - Production/combustion ofoil 5,99E3 MJ Innkjøpt elektrisitet, Borregaard 0,0553 0,113 0,0857 0,112 0,143 0,0926 0,0633 84 kg Secondary sulphur, at refinery /RER U 6,62E3 MJ Electricity Nordel, 2008, low voltage, made for 0,137 0,0699 6,62E3 MJ Electricity, low v oltage, production NO RDEL 2008, at 0,0699 30
3.15E7 s 1 Borregaard annual emissions (direct emissions, no combustion 1.16E4 3.15E7 s 1 Digester 3.15E7 s 1 Bleaching plant 3.15E7 s 1 Ethanol plant 3.15E7 s 1 Biological effluent plant 472 2.67E3 1.12E3 7.28E3 2.41E5 kg SO2 1.16E4 31
3.5 OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL (ODP) 32
kg CFC-11-eqv. 1.2E-04 1.0E-04 Ozone depletion potential 2007 and 2010 8.0E-05 6.0E-05 4.0E-05 2.0E-05-8.1E-20 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 1 tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Transport of product to customer (100 km) 1.4E-06 1.4E-06 3.3E-07 3.3E-07 3.2E-07 3.2E-07 1.1E-06 1.1E-06 1.2E-06 1.3E-06 1.6E-06 1.6E-06 Other internal processes at Borregaard + various 6.7E-06 1.1E-06 9.6E-07 3.2E-07 1.5E-06 9.1E-07 1.8E-06 7.3E-07 4.8E-06 8.9E-06 2.4E-06 2.0E-06 Combustion of oil at Borregaard 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 0.0E+00 Combustion of waste at Borregaard 1.3E-06 2.4E-06 3.4E-07 6.2E-07 8.5E-07 1.5E-06 4.7E-07 8.4E-07 8.4E-07 1.4E-06 1.3E-06 1.8E-06 Borregaard's own infrastructure 2.7E-07 2.5E-07 2.2E-07 2.0E-07 2.2E-07 2.0E-07 2.7E-07 2.5E-07 2.7E-07 2.5E-07 2.7E-07 2.5E-07 Production and transport of timber, wood chips and chemicals 1.3E-05 2.1E-05 6.8E-06 7.5E-06 8.6E-06 9.6E-06 1.1E-05 1.2E-05 2.2E-05 2.4E-05 2.5E-05 2.4E-05 Production and transport of energy carriers 6.7E-05 6.7E-05 1.7E-05 1.7E-05 4.0E-05 3.9E-05 3.0E-05 3.4E-05 7.9E-05 7.4E-05 6.8E-05 6.0E-05 33
1E3 kg Cellulose, inkl infrastruktur, fellesavfall og 100 9,28E-5 1E3 kg Cellulose, inkl. infrastruktur og fellesavfall - 9,13E-5 1E3 kg Transport av cellulose 100 km (EPD) 1,43E-6 1,09E3 kg Cellulose frå Tørke/Cellulosefabrik ken ved Borregaard Drying machine 9,11E-5 263 tkm Transport, freight, rail/rer U 7,13E-7 1,09E3 kg Bleika masse frå Bleikeriet/Cellulosefa brikken ved Bleaching plant 6,32E-5 6,2E-5 1,3E4 MJ Damp (totalt, Borregaard) Steam 263 tkm Operation, freight train/rer U 5,14E-7 1,07E3 kg Ubleika cellulose frå Kokeri på Borregaard Digester 2,56E-5 210 kg Natronlut NaOH frå blandetank på Borregaard 6,54E-6 1,91E4 MJ Fellesbelastningar (energiallokert) 6,02E-6 2,03E-5 3,69E3 MJ Damp - Alva forbrenning Biofuel plant 3,82E3 MJ Damp - Fyrhus Boiler house 4,62E-5 6,31 kg Diesel, at regional storage/rer U 2,88E-6 1,96 m3 Flis frå Renseriet på Borregaard 5,42E-6 430 kg Alvamix frå Inndampar/Cellulose fabrikken, 2,03E-5 86,1 kg Heavy fuel oil (production and combustion) Production of oil 3,89E-5 5,99E3 MJ Elektrisitet (totalt, Borregaard) 2,82E-5 11,6 kg Diesel, at refinery/rer U 5,27E-6 238 kg Alkacell frå Bleikeriet/Cellulosefa brikken ved 73,8 kg Vanicell frå Vanillinfabrikken, Borregaard 86,1 kg Heavy fuel oil, at regional storage/rer S - incl resources - 5,99E3 MJ Innkjøpt elektrisitet, Borregaard 1,31E-5 6,14E-6 3,89E-5 2,82E-5 6,62E3 MJ Nordel, Electricity 2008, low voltage, made for production 3,12E-5 34
3.6 CUMULATIVE ENERGY DEMAND (CED) 35
MJ LHV 40000 35000 Cumulative energy demand (CED ) 2007 and 2010 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 1 tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Energy from waste and other energy sources 5753 8516 1479 2199 3627 5460 2154 2990 4388 5534 5549 6288 Renewable energy 7385 8966 1844 2239 3994 4856 3841 4626 5970 6852 7734 7979 Nyclear power 6531 5668 1588 1371 3036 2542 4006 3593 6150 5352 7786 6348 Fossil energy 13325 11197 3806 3276 7426 6221 8214 7194 14973 12919 15422 11585 36
Fossil energy Nuclear power Renewable energy Energy from waste and other energy sources Fossil energy Nuclear power Renewable energy Energy from waste and other energy sources Fossil energy Nuclear power Renewable energy Energy from waste and other energy sources Fossil energy Nuclear power Renewable energy Energy from waste and other energy sources Fossil energy Nuclear power Renewable energy Energy from waste and other energy sources Fossil energy Nuclear power Renewable energy Energy from waste and other energy sources MJ LHV Cumulative energy demand (CED) 2010 14000 12000 10000 Borregaard's own infrastructure Transport of product to customer (100 km) Craddle-to-gate at Borregaard, excl. Borregaard's infrastructure 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 1 tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin 37
1E3 kg Cellulose, inkl infrastruktur, fellesavfall og 100 3,43E4 1E3 kg Cellulose, inkl. infrastruktur og fellesavfall - 3,42E4 1,09E3 kg Cellulose frå Tørke/Cellulosefabr ikken ved Drying machine 3,41E4 1,09E3 kg Bleika masse frå Bleikeriet/Cellulosef abrikken ved Bleaching plant 2,29E4 1,3E4 MJ Damp (totalt, Borregaard) Steam 2,48E4 1,07E3 kg Ubleika cellulose frå Kokeri på Borregaard Digester 8,4E3 1,91E4 MJ Fellesbelastningar (energiallokert) 2,45E3 1,77E3 MJ 2,54E3 MJ Damp - Hafslund Damp - Østfold avfallsforbrennig Energi Waste på Borregaard avfallsforbrennig 2,76E3 3,91E3 Incineration plants 3,69E3 MJ Damp - Alva forbrenning Biofuel 1,24E4 plant 3,82E3 MJ Damp - Fyrhus Boiler house 7,66E3 574 kg Household waste (combustion and waste energy 6,67E3 430 kg Alvamix combustion (ex resources - only 3,57E3 430 kg Alvamix frå Inndampar/Cellulos efabrikken, 7,48E3 86,1 kg Heavy fuel oil Combustion (production and combustion) 4,6E3 of oil 5,99E3 MJ Elektrisitet (totalt, Borregaard) 1,16E4 574 kg Forbrenning av husholdningsavfall (alle fraksjonar). 4,21E3 MJ Heat, at cogen 6400kWth, wood, allocation 238 kg Alkacell frå Bleikeriet/Cellulosef abrikken ved 86,1 kg Heavy fuel oil, at regional storage/rer S - 5,99E3 MJ Innkjøpt elektrisitet, Borregaard 6,43E3 4,21E3 4,73E3 4,6E3 1,16E4 6,62E3 MJ Nordel, 2008, low voltage, Electricity made for 1,28E4 production 6,62E3 MJ Electricity, low voltage, production NORDEL 2008, at 1,28E4 7,25E3 MJ Electricity, medium voltage, production NORDEL 2008, at 1,27E4 7,32E3 MJ Electricity, high voltage, production NordEl 2008, at 1,27E4 7,39E3 MJ STØ Electricity, NordEl, 2008, at power plant/s 1,27E4 4,2E3 MJ Electricity, hydropower, at Hydropower power plant/no S 4,49E3 1,55E3 MJ Electricity, nuclear, at power plant/de Nuclear S 5,01E3 power Figure 17 38
3.7 WASTE 39
kg 1 800 1 600 1 400 Waste (solid and non-radioactive) 1 200 1 000 800 600 400 200-2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 2007 2010 1 tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Other waste 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 Hazardous waste 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Waste to landfill 38 1366 13 394 13 778 19 683 40 1621 63 1311 Waste to energy recovery 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 Waste to material recycling 16 16 13 13 13 13 16 16 16 16 17 17 40
Waste to material recycling Waste to energy recovery Waste to landfill Hazardous waste Other waste Waste to material recycling Waste to energy recovery Waste to landfill Hazardous waste Other waste Waste to material recycling Waste to energy recovery Waste to landfill Hazardous waste Other waste Waste to material recycling Waste to energy recovery Waste to landfill Hazardous waste Other waste Waste to material recycling Waste to energy recovery Waste to landfill Hazardous waste Other waste Waste to material recycling Waste to energy recovery Waste to landfill Hazardous waste Other waste kg waste Waste Solid and non-radioactive 2010 1800 1600 1400 Transport of product to customer (100 km) Borregaard's own infrastructure Craddle-to-gate at Borregaard, excl. Borregaard's infrastructure 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 1 tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin 41
1E3 kg Cellulose, inkl infrastruktur, fellesavfall og 100 1,39E3 1E3 kg Cellulose, inkl. infrastruktur og fellesavfall - 1,37E3 1,09E3 kg Cellulose frå Tørke/Cellulosefa brikken ved Drying 1,34E3 machine 1,09E3 kg Bleika masse frå Bleikeriet/Cellulos efabrikken ved Bleaching plant 922 1,3E4 MJ Damp (totalt, Borregaard) Steam 974 1,07E3 kg Ubleika cellulose frå Kokeri på Borregaard 381 210 kg Natronlut NaOH frå blandetank på Borregaard 97 2,54E3 MJ Varmt vatn frå blandetank på Borregaard 65,6 1,91E4 MJ Fellesbelastningar (energiallokert) 73,3 3,69E3 MJ Damp - Alva Biofuel forbrenning 288 plant 3,82E3 MJ Damp - Fyrhus Boiler house 776 1,96 m3 Flis frå Renseriet på Borregaard 115 kg SO2 frå SO2-anlegget på Borregaard 430 kg Alvamix frå Inndampar/Cellulo sefabrikken, 86,1 kg Heavy fuel oil (production and combustion) 5,99E3 MJ Elektrisitet (totalt, Borregaard) 70,1 68,6 287 698 294 57,1 kg S - sulphur, 1 tonne - Esso Norge, Slagen 89,2 238 kg Alkacell frå Bleikeriet/Cellulos efabrikken ved 191 73,8 kg Vanicell frå Vanillinfabrikken, Borregaard 90,3 86,1 kg Heavy fuel oil, at regional storage/rer S - Production 698 of oil 294 5,99E3 MJ Innkjøpt elektrisitet, Borregaard 82,4 tkm Transport, lorry 20-28t, fleet average/ch U 6,62E3 MJ Electricity Nordel, 2008, low voltage, made for 23,5 325 2,63E-5 p Lorry 28t/RER/I U 0,946 6,62E3 MJ Electricity, low voltage, production 325 production 0,0154 kg Bitumen, at refinery/rer U 7,25E3 MJ Electricity, medium voltage, production 0,122 295 5,48 kg Crude oil, production NO, at long distance 7,32E3 MJ Electricity, high voltage, production NordEl 74,1 291 5,48 kg Crude oil, at production offshore/no U 7,39E3 MJ STØ Electricity, NordEl, 2008, at power plant/s 74,1 290 6,31 kg Diesel, at regional storage/rer U 51,8 382 MJ Electricity, natural gas, at power plant/nordel S Production 154 of natural gas 11,6 kg Diesel, at refinery/rer U 95,1 4,38 kg Crude oil, production GB, at long distance Production 107 of oil 4,38 kg Crude oil, at production offshore/gb U 107 5,12E-5 m Well for exploration and production, Well drilling 266 42
3.8 Other environmental impact categories 43
kg CO2-eqv. 4 SCENARIO ANALYSIS 1400 1200 Scenario analysis of the effect of electricity mix Hydroelectricity vs Nordel-mix purchased at Borregaard Global warming potential (GWP) Nordel-mix (2010) Hydroelectricity (scenario) 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1 tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin 44
Results with Nordel-mix = 100% 100% Scenario analysis of the effect of electricity mix Hydroelectricity vs Nordel-mix purchased at Borregaard Relative values 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% global warming (GWP100) acidification eutrophication photochemical oxidation ozone layer depletion (ODP) CED Waste 0% Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin 45
5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 10 LCA = Life Cycle Assessment. See also: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/life_cycle_assessment 11 International organisation for Standardisation; http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue.htm ISO 14044: Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Requirements and guidelines ISO 14048: Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Data documentation format 12 EPD = Environmental Product Declaration. Standardised (ISO 14025) method for presentation of LCA-results. See also: English). http://www-epd-norge.no/ (in Norwegian) and http://www.environdec.com/pageld.asp (in 13 PCR = Product Category Rules. Common and harmonised calculation rules to ensure that similar procedures are used when creating EPDs. Groups of products usually differ in their inherent environmental performance requiring specific rules to the product group, so-called Product Category Rules (PCR) to be prepared. 46
Environmental impact category Global warming potential (GWP) Unit Cellulose 3) 1 tonne Ethanol 3) (96 %) 1 m 3 Ethanol 3) (99 %) 1 m 3 Lignin 3) (liquid) 1 tonne Lignin 3) (powder) 1 tonne kg CO 2 -eqv. 1160 324 666 666 1120 1090 Vanillin 3) 1 tonne Acidification potential kg SO 2 -eqv. 10.6 4.5 7.2 7.9 10.8 10.5 Eutrophication potential kg PO 4-3 -eqv. 3.56 2.17 2.68 3.04 5.14 3.12 Photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) Ozone depletion potential Cumulative energy demand (CED) kg C 2 H 4 -eqv. 0.77 0.29 0.49 0.50 0.78 0.75 kg CFC-11-eqv. 9.3E-05 2.6E-05 5.1E-05 4.9E-05 1.1E-04 8.9E-05 MJ LHV 32993 8718 18084 18216 31481 36490 Waste 2) kg waste 1386 408 793 701 1639 1330 1) Transport to customer (100 km) is included. 2) Solid and non-radioactive. 3) On dry basis. For ethanol, this means that the burdens are not allocated the water content of the product. 47
Cumulative energy demand Global warming potential 4.50 4.00 3.50 Waste 3.00 2.50 Acidification potential 2010 2.00 1.50 Cellulose 1.00 Ethanol (96%) 0.50 Ethanol (99%) 0.00 Lignin (liquid) Eutrophication potential Lignin (powder) Vanillin Ozone depletion potential Photochemical ozone creation potential 48
Ozone depletion potential Photochemical ozone creation potential Eutrophication potential Acidification potential Global warming potential The life cycle phases' relative burden Production and transport of energy carriers Production and transport of timber, wood chips and chemicals Borregaard's own infrastructure Combustion of waste at Borregaard Combustion of oil at Borregaard Other internal processes at Borregaard + various Transport of product to customer (100 km) Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 49
50
51
6 REFERENCES 52
foundation website (2011): http://www.epd-norge.no/?lang=en_gb Borregaard s EPD s are found at: http://www.epd-norge.no/category.php?categoryid=438 53
54
APPENDIX 1: PROCESS MODEL, ENERGY- AND MASS BALANCE Microsoft Office Excel 97-2003-regnea Confidential file. Could be made available for EPD verification. Numbers marked with yellow are updated from 2007 to 2010. 55
Impact category Unit Vanillin, inkl infrastruktur, fellesavfall og 100 km transport Cellulose, inkl infrastruktur, fellesavfall og 100 km transport Etanol (96%), inkl infrastruktur, fellesavfall og 100 km transport Etanol (99%), inkl infrastruktur, fellesavfall og 100 km transport Lignin (flytande), inkl infrastruktur, fellesavfall og 100 km transport Lignin (pulver), inkl infrastruktur, fellesavfall og 100 km transport APPENDIX 2 AGGREGATED RESULTS This appendix shows aggregated results for all the environmental impact categories that are included in the method of (Østfoldforskning Method LCA/EPD 2010 July v.3.02) SimaPro 7.2 Impact assessment Date: 17.02.2011 Project Borregaard klimaregnskap Title: Comparing processes Method: Indicator: Skip categories: Relative mode: Exclude infrastructure processes: Exclude long-term emissions: Never None No No Characterization global warming (GWP100) kg CO2 eq 1,09E+03 1,16E+03 3,24E+02 6,66E+02 6,66E+02 1,12E+03 kg CFC-11 ozone layer depletion (ODP) eq 8,93E-05 9,29E-05 2,63E-05 5,12E-05 4,90E-05 1,10E-04 photochemical oxidation kg C2H4 7,50E-01 7,65E-01 2,94E-01 4,91E-01 4,99E-01 7,84E-01 acidification kg SO2 eq 1,06E+01 1,06E+01 4,50E+00 7,17E+00 7,94E+00 1,08E+01 eutrophication kg PO4--- eq 3,13E+00 3,56E+00 2,17E+00 2,68E+00 3,04E+00 5,14E+00 Energy coal (no feedstock) MJ LHV 2,8E+03 2,1E+03 5,3E+02 9,4E+02 1,2E+03 2,1E+03 Energy oil (no feedstock) MJ LHV 5,9E+03 6,6E+03 2,1E+03 4,1E+03 3,3E+03 8,0E+03 Energy fossile gas (no feedst) MJ LHV 2,6E+03 2,2E+03 6,2E+02 1,1E+03 2,4E+03 2,5E+03 Energy peat (no feedstock) MJ LHV 3,2E+02 3,2E+02 7,7E+01 1,5E+02 2,1E+02 3,0E+02 56
Energy sulfur (no feedstock) MJ LHV 2,2E-02 6,7E-03 1,5E-03 2,9E-03 4,4E-03 2,3E-02 Energy nuclear (no feedstock) MJ LHV 6,3E+03 5,7E+03 1,4E+03 2,5E+03 3,6E+03 5,4E+03 Energy biomass (no feedstock) MJ LHV 3,1E+03 4,2E+03 1,1E+03 2,7E+03 1,5E+03 2,4E+03 Energy hydropower (pond) MJ LHV 4,6E+03 4,5E+03 1,1E+03 2,1E+03 3,0E+03 4,2E+03 Energy hp (river = tom) MJ LHV 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 Energy wind MJ LHV 2,3E+02 2,2E+02 5,2E+01 9,7E+01 1,4E+02 2,0E+02 Energy solar MJ LHV 3,5E-01 1,9E-01 4,6E-02 7,7E-02 7,3E-02 2,0E-01 Energy geothermal MJ LHV 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 Energy vawe (tom) MJ LHV 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 Energy tide (tom) MJ LHV 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 Energy waste/recovered (no fs) MJ LHV 6,3E+03 8,5E+03 2,2E+03 5,5E+03 3,0E+03 5,5E+03 Energy undefined MJ LHV 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 Spent nuclear fuel (no fs) kg 1,1E-02 1,0E-02 2,4E-03 4,5E-03 6,4E-03 9,6E-03...of which uranium (no fs) kg 1,1E-02 1,0E-02 2,4E-03 4,5E-03 6,4E-03 9,6E-03 Waste to material recycling kg 1,7E+01 1,6E+01 1,3E+01 1,3E+01 1,6E+01 1,6E+01 Waste to energy recovery kg 1,6E+00 2,1E+00 7,8E-01 8,7E-01 1,4E+00 1,4E+00 Waste to incineration (no ER) kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 Waste to landfill kg 1,3E+03 1,4E+03 3,9E+02 7,8E+02 6,8E+02 1,6E+03 Waste, electronics kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 Waste, hazardous kg 2,4E-01 2,7E-01 1,8E-01 2,0E-01 2,3E-01 2,5E-01 Waste, slags/ashes kg 5,7E-01 8,1E-01 2,0E-01 4,2E-01 3,0E-01 9,0E-01 Waste, bulk kg 1,7E-01 2,5E-01 1,3E-01 1,8E-01 1,6E-01 2,0E-01 Waste, water kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 Waste, radioact, LLW, conditio m3 2,4E-05 2,1E-05 5,2E-06 9,6E-06 1,4E-05 2,0E-05 Waste, radioact, HLW, conditio m3 4,8E-06 4,2E-06 1,0E-06 1,9E-06 2,6E-06 4,0E-06 CO2 emissions (fossile) kg 1,0E+03 1,1E+03 3,1E+02 6,4E+02 6,3E+02 1,1E+03 CH4 emissions kg 1,5E+00 1,3E+00 3,4E-01 6,2E-01 8,3E-01 1,4E+00 N2O emissions kg 6,5E-02 6,8E-02 1,8E-02 3,9E-02 3,2E-02 5,3E-02 NOx emissions kg 3,4E+00 3,9E+00 1,2E+00 2,4E+00 2,3E+00 3,3E+00 SOx emissions kg 7,4E+00 7,2E+00 3,2E+00 5,0E+00 5,6E+00 7,6E+00 VOC emissions kg 3,7E-01 4,1E-01 1,4E-01 2,5E-01 2,2E-01 4,3E-01 CO emissions kg 1,0E+00 1,0E+00 3,5E-01 6,1E-01 5,6E-01 9,3E-01 Dioxin emissions to air kg 7,6E-09 1,0E-08 2,6E-09 6,5E-09 3,6E-09 6,0E-09 PAH emissions to air kg 1,4E-04 1,5E-04 4,1E-05 8,6E-05 6,5E-05 1,1E-04 Cr, Cd, Hg and Pb to air kg 3,1E-03 2,8E-03 9,8E-04 1,5E-03 1,7E-03 2,6E-03 COD kg 6,6E+01 1,0E+02 7,0E+01 8,0E+01 9,0E+01 1,5E+02 N-tot kg 3,9E-01 2,0E-01 3,1E-01 3,4E-01 4,3E-01 6,6E-01 P-tot kg 3,4E-01 2,1E-01 1,1E-01 1,4E-01 1,8E-01 3,9E-01 Dioxin emissions to water kg 3,9E-08 5,3E-08 1,4E-08 3,4E-08 1,8E-08 3,0E-08 PAH emissions to water kg 4,3E-05 5,0E-05 1,5E-05 3,1E-05 2,3E-05 6,2E-05 VOC emissions to water kg 2,6E-03 3,0E-03 8,9E-04 1,8E-03 1,4E-03 3,7E-03 Cr, Cd, Hg and Pb to water kg 5,0E+00 2,1E+00 2,0E-01 4,8E-01 4,0E-01 1,4E+00 Water res.: turbine water kg 2,6E+06 1,9E+06 5,5E+05 9,0E+05 1,1E+06 2,0E+06 Water res.: river flow (tom) kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 Water res.: cooling water kg 2,1E+04 1,4E+04 2,8E+03 5,3E+03 6,4E+03 1,9E+04 Water res.: process water kg 2,1E+05 1,2E+05 3,1E+04 4,6E+04 4,3E+04 1,2E+05 Water res.: other types kg 7,0E+03 5,6E+03 1,4E+03 2,6E+03 3,5E+03 5,7E+03 Water res.: unspecidfied kg 2,6E+03 1,5E+03 3,4E+02 6,1E+02 5,9E+02 2,1E+03 Land use m2 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All resources (-wa/air/energy) kg 1,1E+03 1,3E+03 8,4E+02 9,0E+02 1,1E+03 1,3E+03 All res.: coal feedstock kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 57
All res.: oil feedstock kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res: fossile gas feedstock kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: peat feedstock (tom) kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: sulfur feedstock kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: uranium fstock (tom) kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: biomass feedstock kg 4,9E+02 8,6E+02 6,8E+02 6,8E+02 8,7E+02 9,3E+02 All res.: recycled paper kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: recycled other fiber kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: recycled steel-iron kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: recycled aluminium kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: recycled copper kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: recycled zinc (tom) kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: recycled other metal kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: recycled glass kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: recycled plastics kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: recycled others kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: chrom kg 4,1E-01 3,6E-01 1,6E-01 1,9E-01 2,3E-01 3,3E-01 All res.: nickel kg 9,6E-01 7,4E-01 3,7E-01 4,3E-01 5,4E-01 7,5E-01 All res.: iron kg 8,4E+00 7,8E+00 2,9E+00 4,3E+00 5,0E+00 7,7E+00 All res.: aluminium kg 4,0E-01 3,2E-01 7,6E-02 1,2E-01 1,4E-01 7,0E-01 All res.: copper kg 1,1E+00 9,4E-01 2,2E-01 4,1E-01 5,8E-01 8,9E-01 All res.: zinc kg 8,2E-02 4,2E-02 8,5E-03 1,4E-02 1,4E-02 4,5E-02 All res.: silicone kg 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res.: manganese kg 2,8E-02 2,0E-02 7,0E-03 1,0E-02 1,1E-02 2,1E-02 All res.: magnesium kg 5,8E-06 3,1E-06 7,0E-07 1,2E-06 1,3E-06 3,4E-06 All res.: calcium/limestone kg 8,4E+01 9,3E+01 6,7E+01 7,8E+01 9,0E+01 1,2E+02 All res.: minerals, sand, rock kg 5,4E+02 3,4E+02 9,2E+01 1,4E+02 1,5E+02 2,9E+02 All res.: all others (-wa/air/energy) kg 9,6E-07 1,5E-06 7,2E-07 1,0E-06 9,4E-07 1,2E-06 ----Borregaard, for PCR 2000:5--- 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res energy : coal feedstock MJ 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res energy : oil feedstock MJ 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res energy : fossile gas feedstock MJ 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res energy : peat feedstock (tom) MJ 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res energy : sulfur feedstock MJ 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res energy : uranium fstock (tom) MJ 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 0,0E+00 All res energy : biomass feedstock MJ 7,4E+03 1,3E+04 1,0E+04 1,0E+04 1,3E+04 1,4E+04 58
APPENDIX 3: DATA FOR EMISSIONS AND WATER CONSUMPTION AT BORREGAARD Data supplied from Lena Ulvan and Tuva Barnholt, Borregaard. (in Norwegian) Utslipp fra Borregaard 2007 Årsverdiar basert på oversendte døgn- og timesverdiar frå Borregaard Fabrikk Utslipp til vann KOF BOF S-TS AOX Cu Toluen AUORG Hg Na-salter som Na Tot P Tot N SO2 prosess Utslipp til luft SO2 Støv NOX CO2 totalt Vannforbruk tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år kg/år kg/år tonn/år tonn/år kg/år tonn/år kg/år kg/år tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år Opsund/Renseriet 73 16 73 - - 0 - - 0 110 730 0 0 0,0 0 0 211 596 Kokeri 6 059 2 001 219 - - 0 - - 0 767 4 344 9,6 9,6 0,0 0-3 484 463 Blekeri 12 107 1 570 840 81 200 0 - - 0 1 752 13 651 54,3 54,3 0,0 0-13 090 230 Etanol 3 468 259 - - - 0 - - 0 438 4 015 22,8 22,8 0,0 0-3 165 146 Lignin (tørr) 2 390 147 543 - - 0 - - 0 3 041 14 447 0,9 0,9 14,0 0 4 003 3 548 852 Lignin (flytende) 19,3 1,2 4,4 - - 0 - - 0 25 117 0,0 0,9 0,0 0 4 003 - Spraytørka (tørr) 41,8 2,6 - - - 0 - - 0 6 80 0,0 42,9 38,5 25 20 393 117 791 Spraytørka (flytende) 761 47 - - - 0 - - 0 104 1 453 0,0 42,9 0,0 25 20 393 - Vanillin 1 040 85 - - 6 205 149 - - 0 183 1 351 0 0 0,0 0-4 647 591 Farma 826 23 - - - 0 - - 0-6 826 0 0 0,0 0-8 958 793 Kloralkali - - 1 445 0,60 0 - - 0 0 0,0 0 1 6 644 918 Biorenseanlegg, 30% til fellesbelastning - 197-0 - - 0 4 271 30 036 44,4 44,4 0,0 0-23 570 Biorenseanlegg, 70% til bleikeriet - 460-0 - - 0 9 965 70 084 103,6 103,6 0,0 0-54 998 Biokjel 256-0 - - 14 673 - - 0,0 5,3 7,0 138 44 885 380 665 Barkkjel - - 0 - - - - - 0,0 11,7 2,6 43-54 748 Fyrhus/oljekjeler - - 0 - - - - - 0,0 297,0 18,4 161 94 544 960 000 Sum 27 039 4 153 2 336 81 200 6 205 149 1 445 1 14 673 20 659 147 132 236 636 81 391 188 223 45 343 361 Fiber As, Cd, Cu Utslipp merket blått er fra forbrenning Biokjel - utslipp til luft og Cr Omrekningsfaktorar 365 døgn/år 24 timer/døgn HF mg/nm3 145 000 tonn cellulose/år HCl mg/nm3 Cd+Tl mg/nm3 30 % av biorenseanlegg skal belastast felles Hg mg/nm3 70 % av biorenseanlegg skal belastast bleikeriet Andre metaller mg/nm3 Dioksiner ng/nm3 TOC mg/nm3 CO mg/nm3 59
Utslipp fra Borregaard 2007 Fabrikk Utslipp til vann Utslipp til luft Vannforbruk Na-salter SO2 SO2 KOF BOF S-TS AOX Cu Toluen AUORG Hg Tot P Tot N Støv NOX CO2 som Na prosess totalt t/d t/d t/d kg/tad kg/d tonn/år t/d kg/år tonn/d kg/d kg/d kg/h kg/h kg/h kg/h tonn/år tonn/år Opsund/Renseriet 0,2 0,04 0,2 0,3 2 211596 Kokeri 16,6 5,5 0,6 2,1 12 1,1 1,1 3484463 Blekeri 33,2 4,3 2,3 0,6 4,8 37 6,2 6,2 13090230 Etanol 9,5 0,7 1,2 11 2,6 2,6 3165146 Lignin (tørr) 6,5 0,4 1,5 8,3 40 0,1 0,1 1,6 4003 3548852 Lignin (flytende) 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,1 0 0,1 4003 0 Spraytørka (tørr) 0,1 0,01 0,0 0 4,9 4,4 3 20393 117791 Spraytørka (flytende) 2,1 0,1 0,3 4 4,9 3 20393 0 Vanillin 2,8 0,2 17 149 0,5 4 4647591 Farma 2,3 0,1 0,0 19 8958793 Kloralkali 4,0 0,6 1 6644918 Biorenseanlegg 1,8 39,0 274 16,9 16,9 78568 Biokjel 0,7 40 0,6 0,8 16 44885 380665 Barkkjel 1,3 0,3 5 54748 Fyrhus/oljekjeler 33,9 2,1 18 94544 960000 Sum 74 11 6,4 0,6 17 149 4,0 0,6 40 57 403 27 73 9,2 45 188223 45343361 Fiber kg/tonn As, Cd, Cu produsert og Cr Utslipp merket blått er fra forbrenning masse = cellulose Biokjel - utslipp til luft HF mg/nm3 0,026 HCl mg/nm3 0,01 Cd+Tl mg/nm3 0,0007 Hg mg/nm3 0,001 Andre metaller mg/nm3 0,004 Dioksiner ng/nm3 6E-05 TOC mg/nm3 2,8 CO mg/nm3 21,5 Utslepp frå Borregaard 2010 Årsverdiar basert på oversendte døgn- og timesverdiar frå Borregaard Utslipp til vann Utslipp til luft Vannforbruk Na-salter SO2 SO2 KOF BOF S-TS AOX Cu Toluen AUORG Hg Tot P Tot N #VERDI! som Na prosess totalt Støv NOX CO2 tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år kg/år kg/år tonn/år tonn/år kg/år tonn/år kg/år kg/år tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år Opsund/Renseriet 219 16 110 - - 0 - - 0 110 730 0 0 0.0 0 0 211,596 Kokeri 4,928 2,001 183 - - 0 - - 0 767 4,344 9.6 9.6 0.0 0-3,484,463 Blekeri 12,301 1,570 1,022 124,700 0 - - 0 1,752 13,651 54.3 54.3 0.0 0-13,090,230 Etanol 8,176 259 - - - 0 - - 0 438 4,015 22.8 22.8 0.0 0-3,165,146 Lignin (tørr) 3,614 147 361 - - 0 - - 0 8,589 14,447 0.9 0.9 14.0 0 4,003 3,548,852 Lignin (flytende) 36.5 1.2 4.4 - - 0 - - 0 25 117 0.0 0.9 0.0 0 4,003 - Spraytørka (tørr) - 2.6 - - - 0 - - 0 6 80 0.0 42.9 38.5 25 20,393 117,791 Spraytørka (flytende) - 47 - - - 0 - - 0 104 1,453 0.0 42.9 0.0 25 20,393 - Vanillin 37 85 - - 1,460 149 - - 0 183 1,351 0 0 0.0 0-4,647,591 Farma - 23 - - - 0 - - 0-6,826 0 0 0.0 0-8,958,793 Kloralkali - - 1,445 0.60 0 - - 0 0 0.0 0 1 6,644,918 Biorenseanlegg, til fellesbelastning - - - 0 - - 0 - - 148.0 148.0 0.0 0 - Biorenseanlegg, allokert til etanolfabrikk 4,855-219 - 0 - - 0 14,235 64,678 0.0 0.0 0.0 0-78,568 Biokjel - - 0 - - 14,673 - - 0.0 5.3 7.0 138 44,885 380,665 Barkkjel - - 0 - - - - - 0.0 11.7 2.6 43-54,748 Fyrhus/oljekjeler - - 0 - - - - - 0.0 297.0 18.4 161 94,544 960,000 Sum 34,164 4,153 1,898 124,700 1,460 149 1,445 0.6 14,673 26,207 111,690 236 636 81 391 188,223 45,343,361 Utslipp merket blått er fra forbrenning Rosa verdiar er endra frå 2007 Fiber As, Cd, Cu og Cr Omrekningsfaktorar 365 døgn/år 24 timer/døgn 145,000 tonn cellulose/år KOF, S-TS og tot-n frå biorenseanlegget skal belastast 100% til etanolfabrikken Dette fordi det aerobe renseanlegget (trinn 2) er stengt, og det er berre etanol sine utslepp som går til renseanlegget som er i drift i dag (trinn 1). Det er da logisk at også P-tot frå biorenseanlegget blir belasta etanolfabrikken? 60
APPENDIX 4: MASSES AND TREATMENT OF WASTE FROM BORREGAARD 61
Ekstern behandling Anna (inkl. forbrenning utan energiutnytting) Materialgjenvinning internt Intern avfallsbehandling Opprinneleg Vareadresse Varetekst, %kg, kg, kr, ant kg, fakturert kg Adresse Materialgjenvinning Energiutnytting Deponi Farleg avfall Deponi internt rekkefølge kg/år kg/år kg/år kg/år kg/år 171 Barkforbrenning A2060 - rene masser - blandet 1% 6 6 100 Bioforbrenning (bark) 6 100 172 Barkforbrenning A2080 - gips 5% 54 200 0 54 200 Bioforbrenning (bark) 54 200 173 Barkforbrenning A4020 - aske fra fyringsanlegg, ren 1 123 800 Bioforbrenning (bark) 1 123 800 1 184 100 Bioforbrenning (bark) - - - - - 6 100-1 178 000 212 27501 Cell 3 Blekeri A101 - avfall 71% 45 907 2 188 64 45 907 Bleikeriet (Cellulosefabrikken) 45 907 213 27501 Cell 3 Blekeri A2030 - grus 12% 7 850 0 7 850 Bleikeriet (Cellulosefabrikken) 7 850 214 27501 Cell 3 Blekeri B3020 - treverk - blandet 9% 5 900 5 900 Bleikeriet (Cellulosefabrikken) 5 900 215 27501 Cell 3 Blekeri P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 450 Bleikeriet (Cellulosefabrikken) 450 216 27501 Cell 3 Blekeri R102 - blandet kontorpapir 2% 1 05 1 055 Bleikeriet (Cellulosefabrikken) 1 055 217 27501 Cell 3 Blekeri R302 - bølgepapp 5% 3 555 0 3 555 Bleikeriet (Cellulosefabrikken) 3 555 64 717 Bleikeriet (Cellulosefabrikken) 5 060 45 907 - - - 7 850 5 900-121 22900 Etanolfabrikken A101 - avfall 1% 26 721 3 938 1 95 26 721 Etanolfabrikken 26 721 122 22900 Etanolfabrikken A2030 - grus 2% 31 250 0 31 250 Etanolfabrikken 31 250 123 22900 Etanolfabrikken A2080 - gips 96% 1 881 490 0 1 881 490 Etanolfabrikken 1 881 490 124 22900 Etanolfabrikken B3020 - treverk - blandet 1% 17 50 17 500 Etanolfabrikken 17 500 125 22900 Etanolfabrikken P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 485 Etanolfabrikken 485 126 22900 Etanolfabrikken R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% 245 245 Etanolfabrikken 245 127 22900 Etanolfabrikken R302 - bølgepapp 0% 1 292 0 1 292 Etanolfabrikken 1 292 1 958 983 Etanolfabrikken 2 022 26 721 - - - 31 250 17 500 1 881 490 223 30100 Melløs Kontor A101 - avfall 0% 585 0 129 785 0 585 Felles 585 238 35000 Hovedgården A101 - avfall 10% 1 070 0 1 070 Felles 1 070 191 27200 Forskningsbygg SydA101 - avfall 26% 7 338 0 28 764 1 7 338 Felles 7 338 155 26101 C-port A101 - avfall 3% 435 0 13 965 0 435 Felles 435 104 16500 Sentralverksted A101 - avfall 37% 26 612 0 72 820 26 612 Felles 26 612 182 26900 Stjernebygg A101 - avfall 45% 5 699 0 12 770 0 5 699 Felles 5 699 101 15300 Helseavdelingen A101 - avfall 45% 735 0 1 650 0 735 Felles 735 164 26500 Storkontrollrom A101 - avfall 46% 19 227 0 41 575 19 227 Felles 19 227 234 30103 Melløs Lagerhus A101 - avfall 6% 6 823 2 563 110 1 6 823 Felles 6 823 142 25500 Tappestasjon A101 - avfall 60% 14 796 1 313 24 14 796 Felles 14 796 230 30102 Melløs Spiselokale A101 - avfall 65% 5 360 0 8 273 0 5 360 Felles 5 360 55 15100 Bilavdelingen A101 - avfall 66% 67 482 83 000 10 67 482 Felles 67 482 254 80001 Utleiegarderobe/AtA101 - avfall 66% 8 084 0 12 252 0 8 084 Felles 8 084 178 26800 HMS-avdelingen A101 - avfall 69% 3 326 0 4 791 0 3 326 Felles 3 326 96 15200 Kantina A101 - avfall 71% 12 958 0 18 266 12 958 Felles 12 958 187 27000 B-port A101 - avfall 73% 1 200 0 1 200 Felles 1 200 111 20000 Sentrallager A101 - avfall 8% 850 0 10 461 0 850 Felles 850 160 26400 Kontor 5 A101 - avfall 81% 7 542 3 688 9 30 7 542 Felles 7 542 52 14800 Vannverket A101 - avfall 82% 5 480 438 6 660 5 480 Felles 5 480 147 25501 Poval A101 - avfall 88% 24 104 12 625 27 24 104 Felles 24 104 201 27201 Forskningsbygg PiloA101 - avfall 91% 7 922 0 8 691 0 7 922 Felles 7 922 228 30101 Melløs Kjemikai A101 - avfall 92% 6 323 0 6 873 0 6 323 Felles 6 323 174 26600 Renseanlegget A101 - avfall 94% 7 218 1 125 7 71 7 218 Felles 7 218 165 26500 Storkontrollrom A2030 - grus 26% 10 750 0 10 750 Felles 10 750 105 16500 Sentralverksted A2035 - stein ren 5% 3 800 0 3 800 Felles 3 800 106 16500 Sentralverksted A2060 - rene masser - blandet 23% 16 400 Felles 16 400 224 30100 Melløs Kontor A2060 - rene masser - blandet 59% 76 450 Felles 76 450 156 26101 C-port A2080 - gips 94% 13 150 0 13 150 Felles 13 150 166 26500 Storkontrollrom B2010 - ren flis 4% 1 500 0 1 500 Felles 1 500 84 15100 Bilavdelingen B3020 - treverk - blandet 100% 6 7 6 700 Felles 6 700 148 25501 Poval B3020 - treverk - blandet 11% 3 05 3 050 Felles 3 050 53 14800 Vannverket B3020 - treverk - blandet 17% 1 15 1 150 Felles 1 150 107 16500 Sentralverksted B3020 - treverk - blandet 22% 15 8 15 800 Felles 15 800 167 26500 Storkontrollrom B3020 - treverk - blandet 22% 9 35 9 350 Felles 9 350 231 30102 Melløs Spiselokale B3020 - treverk - blandet 26% 2 15 2 150 Felles 2 150 255 80001 Utleiegarderobe/AtB3020 - treverk - blandet 31% 3 75 3 750 Felles 3 750 143 25500 Tappestasjon B3020 - treverk - blandet 38% 9 45 9 450 Felles 9 450 225 30100 Melløs Kontor B3020 - treverk - blandet 40% 52 5 52 500 Felles 52 500 151 26100 Spraytørka B3020 - treverk - blandet 53% 38 7 38 700 Felles 38 700 239 35000 Hovedgården B3020 - treverk - blandet 76% 8 36 8 360 Felles 8 360 112 20000 Sentrallager B3020 - treverk - blandet 78% 8 20 8 200 Felles 8 200 192 27200 Forskningsbygg SydB3020 - treverk - blandet 8% 2 350 2 350 Felles 2 350 229 30101 Melløs Kjemikai B3020 - treverk - blandet 8% 550 0 550 Felles 550 235 30103 Melløs Lagerhus B3020 - treverk - blandet 92% 101 101 350 Felles 101 350 56 15100 Bilavdelingen D010F - personbildekk på felg 0% 3 30 Felles 30 188 27000 B-port Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 2% 30 Felles 30 57 15100 Bilavdelingen P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 10 Felles 10 161 26400 Kontor 5 P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 10 Felles 10 202 27201 Forskningsbygg PiloP00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 10 Felles 10 168 26500 Storkontrollrom P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 103 Felles 103 108 16500 Sentralverksted P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 197 Felles 197 183 26900 Stjernebygg P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 60 Felles 60 144 25500 Tappestasjon P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 127 Felles 127 97 15200 Kantina P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 132 Felles 132 193 27200 Forskningsbygg SydP00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 326 Felles 326 179 26800 HMS-avdelingen P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 45 Felles 45 236 30103 Melløs Lagerhus P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 740 Felles 740 157 26101 C-port P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 230 Felles 230 113 20000 Sentrallager P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 233 Felles 233 175 26600 Renseanlegget P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 208 Felles 208 194 27200 Forskningsbygg SydP09001- Flasker/kanner/brett (blan 150 Felles 150 58 15100 Bilavdelingen R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% 175 175 Felles 175 54 14800 Vannverket R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% 30 0 30 Felles 30 226 30100 Melløs Kontor R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% 50 0 50 Felles 50 98 15200 Kantina R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% 60 0 60 Felles 60 169 26500 Storkontrollrom R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% 90 0 90 Felles 90 256 Utleiegarderobe/Attf R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% 100 100 Felles 100 145 25500 Tappestasjon R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% 140 140 Felles 140 158 26101 C-port R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% 140 140 Felles 140 176 26600 Renseanlegget R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% 50 0 50 Felles 50 162 26400 Kontor 5 R102 - blandet kontorpapir 12% 1 1 1 105 Felles 1 105 195 27200 Forskningsbygg SydR102 - blandet kontorpapir 12% 3 4 3 495 Felles 3 495 240 35000 Hovedgården R102 - blandet kontorpapir 13% 1 4 1 450 Felles 1 450 180 26800 HMS-avdelingen R102 - blandet kontorpapir 15% 71 710 Felles 710 203 27201 Forskningsbygg PiloR102 - blandet kontorpapir 2% 210 210 Felles 210 Energiutnytting internt 62
189 27000 B-port R102 - blandet kontorpapir 24% 39 390 Felles 390 184 26900 Stjernebygg R102 - blandet kontorpapir 36% 4 5 4 595 Felles 4 595 109 16500 Sentralverksted R102 - blandet kontorpapir 4% 2 99 2 995 Felles 2 995 102 15300 Helseavdelingen R102 - blandet kontorpapir 52% 86 860 Felles 860 232 30102 Melløs Spiselokale R102 - blandet kontorpapir 7% 600 600 Felles 600 114 20000 Sentrallager R102 - blandet kontorpapir 8% 880 880 Felles 880 185 26900 Stjernebygg R102M - sams kontorpapir 9% 1 21 1 211 Felles 1 211 159 26101 C-port R302 - bølgepapp 0% 10 0 10 Felles 10 59 15100 Bilavdelingen R302 - bølgepapp 0% 150 0 150 Felles 150 227 30100 Melløs Kontor R302 - bølgepapp 0% 200 0 200 Felles 200 241 35000 Hovedgården R302 - bølgepapp 0% 50 0 50 Felles 50 237 30103 Melløs Lagerhus R302 - bølgepapp 1% 1 200 0 1 200 Felles 1 200 190 27000 B-port R302 - bølgepapp 1% 20 0 20 Felles 20 146 25500 Tappestasjon R302 - bølgepapp 1% 290 0 290 Felles 290 149 25501 Poval R302 - bølgepapp 1% 390 0 390 Felles 390 170 26500 Storkontrollrom R302 - bølgepapp 1% 555 0 555 Felles 555 110 16500 Sentralverksted R302 - bølgepapp 10% 7 016 0 7 016 Felles 7 016 6 10400 IT-avdelingen R302 - bølgepapp 100% 180 0 180 180 Felles 180 99 15200 Kantina R302 - bølgepapp 11% 1 936 0 1 936 Felles 1 936 181 26800 HMS-avdelingen R302 - bølgepapp 15% 710 0 710 Felles 710 233 30102 Melløs Spiselokale R302 - bølgepapp 2% 163 0 163 Felles 163 177 26600 Renseanlegget R302 - bølgepapp 3% 240 0 240 Felles 240 115 20000 Sentrallager R302 - bølgepapp 3% 298 0 298 Felles 298 257 Utleiegarderobe/Attf R302 - bølgepapp 3% 318 0 318 Felles 318 103 15300 Helseavdelingen R302 - bølgepapp 3% 55 0 1 650 0 55 Felles 55 204 27201 Forskningsbygg PiloR302 - bølgepapp 6% 549 0 549 Felles 549 163 26400 Kontor 5 R302 - bølgepapp 7% 651 0 651 Felles 651 196 27200 Forskningsbygg SydR302 - bølgepapp 8% 2 235 0 2 235 Felles 2 235 186 26900 Stjernebygg R302 - bølgepapp 9% 1 205 0 1 205 Felles 1 205 60 15100 Bilavdelingen S7011A- 7011 ref.olje, flytende - sm 625 Felles 625 61 15100 Bilavdelingen S7011B- 7011 ref.olje, flytende - fa 10 746 Felles 10 746 85 15101 Miljøstasjon S7012A- 7012 ikke ref.olje, flytend 159 Felles 159 86 15101 Miljøstasjon S7012B- 7012 ikke ref.olje, flytend 1 178 Felles 1 178 197 27200 Forskningsbygg SydS7012B- 7012 ikke ref.olje, flytend 11 242 Felles 11 242 62 15100 Bilavdelingen S7012B- 7012 ikke ref.olje, flytend 7 603 Felles 7 603 63 15100 Bilavdelingen S7012C- 7012 ikke ref.olje, flytend 3 969 Felles 3 969 64 15100 Bilavdelingen S7021B- 7021 olje-/fettavf., fast - f 131 Felles 131 65 15100 Bilavdelingen S7022A- 7022 oljeforur.masse, fast 662 Felles 662 198 27200 Forskningsbygg SydS7022B- 7022 oljeforur.masse, fast 700 Felles 700 87 15101 Miljøstasjon S7022B- 7022 oljeforur.masse, fast 1 909 Felles 1 909 66 15100 Bilavdelingen S7022B- 7022 oljeforur.masse, fast 3 047 Felles 3 047 67 15100 Bilavdelingen S7022C- 7022 oljeforur.masse, fast 399 Felles 399 68 15100 Bilavdelingen S7023D- 7023 bl.drivstoff - småkol 27 Felles 27 69 15100 Bilavdelingen S7024B- 7024 oljefilter - fat 0% 236 236 Felles 236 70 15100 Bilavdelingen S7041A- 7041 org.løsem m/haloge 456 Felles 456 88 15101 Miljøstasjon S7041A- 7041 org.løsem m/haloge 198 Felles 198 71 15100 Bilavdelingen S7042A- 7042 org.løsem u/halogen 394 Felles 394 89 15101 Miljøstasjon S7042A- 7042 org.løsem u/halogen 202 Felles 202 72 15100 Bilavdelingen S7042B- 7042 org.løsem u/halogen 617 Felles 617 73 15100 Bilavdelingen S7042C- 7042 org.løsem u/halogen 722 Felles 722 74 15100 Bilavdelingen S7042L- 7042 frostvæske - fat 0% 2 200 Felles 200 75 15100 Bilavdelingen S7051A- 7051 maling, småkolli 0% 211 Felles 211 90 15101 Miljøstasjon S7051A- 7051 maling, småkolli 1% 51 Felles 51 91 15101 Miljøstasjon S7055A- 7055 spraybokser - småko 3 Felles 3 76 15100 Bilavdelingen S7055A- 7055 spraybokser - småko 54 Felles 54 77 15100 Bilavdelingen S7081J- 7081 KOF-avfall 0% 184 7 3 184 Felles 184 78 15100 Bilavdelingen S7091A- 7091 uorganiske salter, fa 1 679 Felles 1 679 92 15101 Miljøstasjon S7091A- 7091 uorganiske salter, fa 3 621 Felles 3 621 79 15100 Bilavdelingen S7092B- 7092 blybatterier, >200kg 796 Felles 796 93 15101 Miljøstasjon S7092B- 7092 blybatterier, >200kg 891 Felles 891 80 15100 Bilavdelingen S7093A- 7093 småbatterier - småk 77 Felles 77 94 15101 Miljøstasjon S7133A- 7133 rengj.midl., fast - sm 258 Felles 258 199 27200 Forskningsbygg SydS7152A- 7152 org.avf, fast - småko 358 Felles 358 81 15100 Bilavdelingen S7152C- 7152 org.avf, fast - IBC 2% 1 744 Felles 1 744 82 15100 Bilavdelingen S7152J- 7152 lab.kjemikalier, usort 477 Felles 477 200 27200 Forskningsbygg SydS7152J- 7152 lab.kjemikalier, usort 570 Felles 570 95 15101 Miljøstasjon S7152J- 7152 lab.kjemikalier, usort 305 Felles 305 100 15200 Kantina V150K - matavfall 17% 3 180 0 3 180 Felles 3 180 83 15100 Bilavdelingen X1501 - Rull m 10 stk plastsekker - 3 Felles 3 726 911 Felles 40 221 244 499-56 731-107 400 264 910 13 150 48 13900 Fyrhus A101 - avfall 88% 12 745 875 14 48 12 745 Fyrhus 12 745 49 13900 Fyrhus B3020 - treverk - blandet 8% 1 200 1 200 Fyrhus 1 200 50 13900 Fyrhus R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% 155 155 Fyrhus 155 51 13900 Fyrhus R302 - bølgepapp 3% 380 380 Fyrhus 380 14 480 Fyrhus 535 12 745 - - - - 1 200-1 10200 Pharma Lager A101 - avfall 31% 2 034 0 6 538 0 2 064 Ikkje med 2 064 7 10500 Kraftstasjon A101 - avfall 37% 5 714 0 15 532 0 5 714 Ikkje med 5 714 12 12000 BFC 04-05 A101 - avfall 53% 31 034 813 59 00 31 034 Ikkje med 31 034 26 12002 BFC 01-02 A101 - avfall 83% 2 835 0 3 398 0 2 835 Ikkje med 2 835 22 12001 BFC 07 A101 - avfall 84% 4 394 0 5 202 0 4 394 Ikkje med 4 394 13 12000 BFC 04-05 A4020 - aske fra fyringsanlegg, ren 7 050 Ikkje med 7 050 14 12000 BFC 04-05 B3020 - treverk - blandet 23% 13 6 13 600 Ikkje med 13 600 8 10500 Kraftstasjon B3020 - treverk - blandet 49% 7 65 7 650 Ikkje med 7 650 2 10200 Pharma Lager B3020 - treverk - blandet 50% 3 25 3 250 Ikkje med 3 250 27 12002 BFC 01-02 P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 15 Ikkje med 15 23 12001 BFC 07 P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 30 Ikkje med 30 15 12000 BFC 04-05 P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 640 Ikkje med 640 9 10500 Kraftstasjon P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 97 Ikkje med 97 3 10200 Pharma Lager P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 827 Ikkje med 827 28 12002 BFC 01-02 R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% 30 0 30 Ikkje med 30 16 12000 BFC 04-05 R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% 360 360 Ikkje med 360 4 10200 Pharma Lager R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% 70 0 70 Ikkje med 70 10 10500 Kraftstasjon R102 - blandet kontorpapir 5% 710 710 Ikkje med 710 24 12001 BFC 07 R102 - blandet kontorpapir 6% 290 290 Ikkje med 290 17 12000 BFC 04-05 R102M - sams kontorpapir 1% 695 695 Ikkje med 695 29 12002 BFC 01-02 R302 - bølgepapp 15% 518 0 518 Ikkje med 518 5 10200 Pharma Lager R302 - bølgepapp 5% 357 0 357 Ikkje med 357 18 12000 BFC 04-05 R302 - bølgepapp 7% 3 940 0 59 00 3 940 Ikkje med 3 940 11 10500 Kraftstasjon R302 - bølgepapp 9% 1 361 0 1 361 Ikkje med 1 361 63
25 12001 BFC 07 R302 - bølgepapp 9% 488 0 488 Ikkje med 488 19 12000 BFC 04-05 S7135E- 7135 basisk org.avf., flyten 1 303 Ikkje med 1 303 20 12000 BFC 04-05 S7152A- 7152 org.avf, fast - småko 314 Ikkje med 314 21 12000 BFC 04-05 S7152J- 7152 lab.kjemikalier, usort 72 Ikkje med 72 89 708 Ikkje med 10 428 46 041-1 689 - - 24 500 7 050 116 20800 Klorfabrikken A101 - avfall 67% 13 385 1 188 20 13 385 Kloralkalifabrikken 13 385 117 20800 Klorfabrikken B3020 - treverk - blandet 23% 4 51 4 510 Kloralkalifabrikken 4 510 118 20800 Klorfabrikken P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 417 Kloralkalifabrikken 417 119 20800 Klorfabrikken R102 - blandet kontorpapir 2% 420 420 Kloralkalifabrikken 420 120 20800 Klorfabrikken R302 - bølgepapp 6% 1 302 0 20 03 1 302 Kloralkalifabrikken 1 302 20 034 Kloralkalifabrikken 2 139 13 385 - - - - 4 510-40 12501 Syrehus A101 - avfall 1% 10 752 688 1 514 10 752 Kokeriet 10 752 30 12500 Kokeriet A101 - avfall 40% 52 044 11 188 12 52 044 Kokeriet 52 044 31 12500 Kokeriet A2030 - grus 14% 18 100 0 18 100 Kokeriet 18 100 41 12501 Syrehus A2030 - grus 91% 1 377 500 0 1 377 500 Kokeriet 1 377 500 32 12500 Kokeriet A2035 - stein ren 6% 8 100 0 8 100 Kokeriet 8 100 42 12501 Syrehus A2035 - stein ren 6% 89 450 0 89 450 Kokeriet 89 450 43 12501 Syrehus A2060 - rene masser - blandet 0% 3 3 900 Kokeriet 3 900 33 12500 Kokeriet A2060 - rene masser - blandet 5% 7 7 050 Kokeriet 7 050 44 12501 Syrehus A2080 - gips 2% 30 950 0 30 950 Kokeriet 30 950 34 12500 Kokeriet A2154 - støvavfall 8% 9 750 0 9 750 Kokeriet 9 750 35 12500 Kokeriet B2010 - ren flis 14% 17 650 0 129 8 17 650 Kokeriet 17 650 45 12501 Syrehus B3020 - treverk - blandet 0% 1 450 1 450 Kokeriet 1 450 36 12500 Kokeriet B3020 - treverk - blandet 12% 15 4 15 400 Kokeriet 15 400 37 12500 Kokeriet P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 217 Kokeriet 217 38 12500 Kokeriet R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% 200 200 Kokeriet 200 46 12501 Syrehus R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% 80 0 80 Kokeriet 80 47 12501 Syrehus R302 - bølgepapp 0% 141 0 141 Kokeriet 141 39 12500 Kokeriet R302 - bølgepapp 1% 1 311 0 1 311 Kokeriet 1 311 1 644 045 Kokeriet 1 949 62 796 - - - 1 504 100 34 500 40 700 150 26100 Spraytørka A101 - avfall 39% 28 103 1 250 72 28 103 Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) 28 103 152 26100 Spraytørka P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 3 221 Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) 3 221 153 26100 Spraytørka R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% 335 335 Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) 335 154 26100 Spraytørka R302 - bølgepapp 3% 2 380 0 72 73 2 380 Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) 2 380 128 23300 Ligningfabrikken A101 - avfall 72% 20 196 5 125 27 20 196 Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) 20 196 129 23300 Ligningfabrikken B3020 - treverk - blandet 12% 3 40 3 400 Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) 3 400 130 23300 Ligningfabrikken P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 1 781 Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) 1 781 131 23300 Ligningfabrikken R102 - blandet kontorpapir 5% 1 35 1 355 Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) 1 355 132 23300 Ligningfabrikken R302 - bølgepapp 4% 1 135 0 1 135 Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) 1 135 61 906 Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) 10 207 48 299 - - - - 3 400 - Fordeler etter produsert 43 % 63 143 Prodmengde Ligninfabrikken (pulver) tonn/år 4 392 20 783 - - - - 1 463 - mengde 57 % 83 599 Prodmengde Ligninfabrikken (flytande) tonn/år 5 815 27 516 - - - - 1 937-250 40400 Opsund Målekonto A101 - avfall 58% 2 120 0 3 629 0 2 120 Renseriet 2 120 242 40100 Opsund Verksted A101 - avfall 81% 1 876 0 2 303 0 1 876 Renseriet 1 876 246 40200 Opsundrenseriet A101 - avfall 89% 5 520 1 000 6 23 5 520 Renseriet 5 520 247 40200 Opsundrenseriet P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 10 Renseriet 10 251 40400 Opsund Målekonto P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 10 Renseriet 10 243 40100 Opsund Verksted P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 30 Renseriet 30 248 40200 Opsundrenseriet R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% 60 0 60 Renseriet 60 252 40400 Opsund Målekonto R102 - blandet kontorpapir 30% 1 0 1 090 Renseriet 1 090 244 40100 Opsund Verksted R102 - blandet kontorpapir 8% 180 180 Renseriet 180 249 40200 Opsundrenseriet R302 - bølgepapp 10% 642 0 642 Renseriet 642 253 40400 Opsund Målekonto R302 - bølgepapp 11% 409 0 409 Renseriet 409 245 40100 Opsund Verksted R302 - bølgepapp 9% 217 0 217 Renseriet 217 12 164 Renseriet 2 648 9 516 - - - - - - 205 27500 Cell Tørkemaskin A101 - avfall 19% 31 865 2 688 167 31 865 Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) 31 865 218 27502 Cell 3 Lager A101 - avfall 56% 9 069 7 688 16 1 9 069 Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) 9 069 206 27500 Cell Tørkemaskin A2080 - gips 6% 9 800 0 9 800 Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) 9 800 207 27500 Cell Tørkemaskin B3020 - treverk - blandet 10% 17 0 17 050 Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) 17 050 219 27502 Cell 3 Lager B3020 - treverk - blandet 40% 6 45 6 450 Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) 6 450 208 27500 Cell Tørkemaskin P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 702 Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) 702 220 27502 Cell 3 Lager P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 323 Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) 323 221 27502 Cell 3 Lager R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% 70 0 70 Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) 70 209 27500 Cell Tørkemaskin R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% 1 44 1 440 Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) 1 440 210 27500 Cell Tørkemaskin R107 - cellulose 52% 86 550 0 86 550 Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) 86 550 222 27502 Cell 3 Lager R302 - bølgepapp 1% 230 0 16 142 230 Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) 230 211 27500 Cell Tørkemaskin R302 - bølgepapp 12% 20 050 0 20 050 Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) 20 050 183 599 Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) 22 815 127 484 - - - - 23 500 9 800 138 23801 Vanillin Bunn A101 - avfall 45% 7 033 0 15 478 0 7 033 Vanillinfabrikken 7 033 133 23800 Vanillin Topp A101 - avfall 60% 12 408 0 20 724 12 408 Vanillinfabrikken 12 408 141 23801 Vanillin Bunn B3020 - treverk - blandet 100% 4 5 4 550 Vanillinfabrikken 4 550 134 23800 Vanillin Topp P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 3 777 Vanillinfabrikken 3 777 139 23801 Vanillin Bunn P00403- Grp. B folie farget > 10% e 1 171 Vanillinfabrikken 1 171 135 23800 Vanillin Topp R102 - blandet kontorpapir 6% 1 14 1 145 Vanillinfabrikken 1 145 136 23800 Vanillin Topp R302 - bølgepapp 16% 3 392 0 3 392 Vanillinfabrikken 3 392 140 23801 Vanillin Bunn R302 - bølgepapp 47% 7 274 0 7 274 Vanillinfabrikken 7 274 137 23800 Vanillin Topp Topp X1501 - Rull m 10 stk plastsek 2 Vanillinfabrikken 2 40 752 Vanillinfabrikken 16 761 19 441 - - - - 4 550 - Sum totalt 6 001 399 114 785 656 834 0 58 420 0 1 656 700 384 470 3 130 190 Sum i Veoilia-rapport 6 001 369 Avvik 0,0005 % Sum ekstern behandling 830 039 14 % Ikkje tatt med pga Pharma, BFC, kraftstasjon 58 158 Med i analysen, til ekstern behandling 771 881 13 % 64
APPENDIX 5: DETAILED EPD CALCULATIONS 65
Including infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture. Including waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture. Without waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture. Including waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture. Without waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture. Including waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture. Without waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture. Including waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture. Without waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture. Including waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture. Without waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture. Including waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture. Without waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens kg CO2-eqv. 1400 Global warming potential 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 Cellulose (1 tonne) Ethanol (96%) (1 tonne) Ethanol (99%) (1 tonne) Lignin (liquid) (1 tonne) Lignin (powder) (1 tonne) Vanillin (1 tonne) 66
Including infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture. Including waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture. Without waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture. Including waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture. Without waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture. Including waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture. Without waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture. Including waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture. Without waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture. Including waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture. Without waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture. Including waste combustion burdens Including infrastrukture. Without waste combustion burdens Without infrastrukture and waste combustion burdens Cellulose (1 tonne) 2010 Ethanol (96%) (1 tonne) 2010 Ethanol (99%) (1 tonne) 2010 Lignin (liquid) (1 tonne) 2010 Lignin (powder) (1 tonne) 2010 Vanillin (1 tonne) 2010 Impact category Unit Global warming potential (GWP) kg CO2-eqv. 1147 1107 962 922 406 386 346 326 840 813 690 663 658 633 593 568 1115 1079 1008 973 1080 1026 944 890 Acidification potential kg SO2-eqv. 10.6 10.2 9.4 9.0 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.2 9.1 8.9 8.1 7.9 7.9 7.7 7.4 7.2 10.8 10.5 10.1 9.8 10.5 10.1 9.6 9.2 Eutrophication potential kg PO4-3-eqv. 3.55 3.26 3.37 3.08 2.74 2.65 2.68 2.59 3.38 3.22 3.24 3.07 3.03 2.85 2.96 2.79 5.12 4.87 5.02 4.76 3.12 2.75 2.98 2.62 Photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) kg C2H4-eqv. 0.75 0.70 0.64 0.59 0.37 0.34 0.33 0.31 0.62 0.58 0.53 0.49 0.49 0.46 0.45 0.42 0.77 0.73 0.71 0.66 0.74 0.68 0.65 0.59 Ozone depletion potential (ODP) kg CFC-11-eqv. 9.1E-05 8.8E-05 8.9E-05 8.6E-05 3.3E-05 3.1E-05 3.2E-05 3.0E-05 6.5E-05 6.2E-05 6.3E-05 6.0E-05 4.8E-05 4.6E-05 4.7E-05 4.5E-05 1.1E-04 1.1E-04 1.1E-04 1.0E-04 8.8E-05 8.4E-05 8.6E-05 8.2E-05 Cumulative energy demand (CED) MJ LHV 34193 33501 27525 26833 11429 11082 9247 8900 24100 23642 18682 18223 18273 17846 15932 15504 30525 29925 26680 26080 32028 31115 27105 26192 kg waste, solid and nonradioactive Waste 1372 1032 1349 1010 510 329 503 322 998 761 980 743 688 455 681 448 1627 1312 1614 1299 1315 866 1298 850 Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Unit 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 GWP (total) in EPD kg CO2-eqv. 922 326 663 568 973 890 GWP from raw material in EPD kg CO2-eqv. 203 72 95 109 197 283 GWP from specific raw material data in EPD kg CO2-eqv. 137 62 79 94 101 78 Raw materials contribution to GWP in EPD % 22% 22% 14% 19% 20% 32% Specific raw material data in % of raw material data % 67% 86% 83% 86% 51% 27% Specific raw material data contribution to GWP in EPD % 15% 19% 12% 17% 10% 9% Generic raw material data contribution to GWP in EPD % 7% 3% 2% 3% 10% 23% 67
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APPENDIX 6: HOW TO READ THE LCA NETWORK FIGURE The total global warming potential for producing 1 kg mineral wool is 1,59 kg CO 2 -eqv. The raw material contribution is 0,6639 kg CO 2 -eqv. (see below). The rest is due to emissions in the production process itself. The width of the arrows illustrate the environmental burden connected to each process/material. The raw materials for producing mineral wool are: coal cokes, electricity, phenol and cement. The global warming potential connected to the raw material input for mineral wool are: 0,082 + 0,197 + 0,0699 + 0,315 = 0,6639 kg CO 2 -eqv. Amount of coal (from underground mine) The global warming potential connected to this amount of coal (CO 2 -eqv. ) 69
APPENDIX 7: LCA WHAT, WHY AND HOW? 70
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