Science and Innovation in China Thomas Hansteen, MFA www.norway.info
Xi Jinping: Innovation key to new economic growth China must quickly transform its economy using an innovation-driven strategy to achieve growth targets. China should develop innovations as well as science and technology to reenergize economic growth.
Urbanization i Kina 54 % bor i by, skal opp til 60% i 2020 Utviklede land: 80% bor i by.
Profil norsk næringsliv i Kina Maritim/Offshore (44%) Energi/miljø (18%) Helse 7% IKT 5%
Nordiske selskaper i Kina Norge: 200 + ca 30 in HK Danmark: 500 Sverige: 900 Finland: 400 Ipsos MMI
Trade Norway China 1992-2013 All goods NOK MIllion 60000 50000 40000 30000 Exports Imports Crude oil 20000 10000 0 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Kina vil ha teknologi Importert og egenutviklet Vi har etablert et samarbeid med Beijing Technology Exchange and Promotion Center
IN Innovasjon Norges rolle
NATURE ASIA 31. juli 2012
NATURE ASIA Jan 2014
Science Metrix (SM) 2014: Norway is highly specialized in Artic & Antarctic, Fisheries & Aquaculture, Maritime Research and Climate Change, but less than expected in Nanotechnologies & New Materials, Environmental Technology, ICT and Biotechnology
Quality: Science Metrix 2014 Kina (2003-2012) Høy kvalitet Nanotechnology and New Materials (SI 1,50, ARC: 1,29) Høy sitering i matematikk og statistikk opprettholdes (SI: 0,91; ARC: 1,09) Fisheries, Agriculture, and Forestry SI:0,56 ARC: 0,90 (TR) Fisheries and Aquaculture: ARC 0.98 (SCOPUS) Engineering og ICT lavere ARC enn i de svenske beregningene fra 2011.
Scientific Impact (ARC) Below World Level Above SM: Nano/Materials IS NZ HR AU NO TR PK ZA CL NL DK BE AT UK SE CA FI EL LU CY AR BR HU IT CH US IL IE DE ES FR EE PT SI EG TH CZ MY MX PL IN BG IR CN JP VN TW KR SG NG CO ID SK LT RO RU LV Below World Level Above Specialisation Index (SI)
Scientific Impact (ARC) Below World Level Above SM Climate Change SG TW TR IL TH IE BE LU IT EL MY DE FR US CH AT NL UK PT ES LV CO CY SE DK CA CL FI AU NZ ZA ID NO EE IS KR JP PK CN CZ SK BG VN BR HU SI IN MT MX LT AR IR PL RU RO EG HR NG Below World Level Above Specialisation Index (SI)
SM: Institusjoner med størst co-publisering med Kina (NTNU vill vært på topp hvis vi telte fractionalized, Simula hvis vi ser på andelen av egne publikasjoner med Kina) Institusjon Antall artikler (2003-2012) University of Oslo 484 The University of Bergen 361 The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) 228 Oslo University Hospital 79 University of Tromsø 73 Simula Research Laboratory 69 University of Agder 54 Vestfold University College 38 SINTEF 36 Bergen University College - HBI 35
SM: One of the Main Conclusions: Key scientific partner with which to expand/reinforce collaboration Within the subset of countries identified as key scientific partners with which Norway should expand/reinforce collaboration in the future, China stands out the most in terms of the rapidly changing nature of its scientific system.
SM: Collaboration profiles with Norway in the sciences in general Norway presents very little affinity to collaborate with China, but this country, however, shows a certain affinity towards Norway, co-publishing 19% more with Norwegian researchers than expected.
Most important for succesful cooperation with China (Ulrike Tagscherer 2014) Communication good relations Clear Goals, clear milestones, clear deliverables Usually too much attention on IP-issues but IPR should always be a part of an agreement or a contract.
Most important for successful cooperation with China II Earlier, money was an important attractor for Chinese professors and researchers. Not anymore, at least not for the best and the second best. The focus on the need for indigenous innovation has made it risky for Chinese professors to cooperate out of China they can be accused for selling /giving out Chinese competence A Chinese researcher will be motivated by possibility for personal success, and also by being introduced to new technology. These points are derived from a study of 30 European companies, cooperating with Chinese universities (Ulrike Tagscherer 2014)
Strategisk valg: forskningsprosjekt eller forskningssenter? Felles forskningssenter gir mulighet til langsiktighet, utvikling av relasjoner og forventninger Forskningssenter er risikofylt, men må investere mer, og man er avhengig av nøkkelpersoner ikke forsvinner Risiko knyttet til å legge alle eggene i en kurv
Tilrettelegging virkemidler Nasjonalt Samarbeidet med Kina vil vokse langsomt av seg selv: ønsker man raskere vekst: egne Kinarettede virkemidler Rettede virkemidler bør ikke gå på bekostning av kvalitet SFFer, SFIer og FMEer kan være gode utgangspunkt, fordi de varer lenger enn forskningsprosjekter Støtte til institusjonssamarbeid: kan være generelle eller rettet mot SFFer mm.