IEA Tasks: SINTEF Energi interesser og prosjekter

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1 1 IEA Tasks: SINTEF Energi interesser og prosjekter Prosjekter: NextGenBioWaste BIP Dovre BIP Norsk Inova KMB acom KMB KRAV KMB GasBio KMB STOP FME CenBio Kjerneområder: Biomasse og avfall Forbrenning Gassifisering, pyrolyse Termisk forbehandling Småskala varme Fjernvarme CHP Kraft Samarbeidspartnere: Biomasse produksjon Utnyttelse av restprodukter Sustainability

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3 3 IEA Bioenergy Task 32: Biomass Combustion and Co-firing Objectives: To stimulate further expansion of the production of energy from biomass combustion Generating and disseminating information on technical and non-technical barriers and anticipated solutions for: dedicated biomass combustion systems, and; biomass co-firing in existing coal fired power plants.

4 4 Rationale of Task 32 Biomass combustion is well understood, relatively straightforward, and commercially available, and can be regarded as a proven technology However, the desire to burn uncommon fuels, improve efficiencies, cut costs, and decrease emission levels results in new technologies being developed

5 5 IEA Bioenergy Task 32: Biomass Combustion and Co-firing Experts from 14 countries: Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Korea, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom Working together in: Cooperative projects Meetings, Workshops, Conferences, Excursions Cooperation with other Networks Reports etc. can be found on our website:

6 6 Modern biomass technology is commercially available from 2 kw th to 550 MW th Dust Cofiring with pulverised coal Dust Fluid bed Bubbling Fluid Bed Circulating Fluid Bed Moving grate Understoker Fixed bed Pellets Boilers Stoves 1 kw kw kw MW MW MW MW - Residential heating - Industrial scale combustion - Co-firing

7 7 Slagging, fouling & corrosion can lead to severe problems Examples of design changes: Large platen superheating surface Increased tube pitch Fully retractable soot blowers Use of additives [Bowie, 2006]

8 8 Technical bottlenecks in biomass co-firing Many bottlenecks ash-related catalyst deactivation fouling & corrosion SCR ESP performance NOx emissions ToMe emissions BM coal ESP FGD stack fly ash quality direct co-firing milling problems burner stability boiler performance near-burner slagging burnout gypsum quality

9 9 Thermal pre-treatment options for co-firing Biomass characteristics Power plant type Grindability Contaminations Pulverised coal Fluid bed Natural gas Natural gas boilers boilers boiler turbines Good Low Direct, Direct Pyrolysis Pressurised Torrefaction Gasification gasification High Gasification Gasification Gasification Pressurised gasification Poor Low Gasification, Direct, Gasification Pressurised Torrefaction Gasification gasification High Gasification Gasification Gasification Pressurised gasification

10 10 TOPELL EXPECTS TO BUILD 60,000 MT PLANT IN DUIVEN (THE NETHERLANDS) Operational per Q3 2010

11 11 Workplan of Task 32 Aerosol emissions from small scale combustion How are they formed and what can be done about it? To what degree does improved furnace design help? How can aerosols be reduced through endof-pipe technologies? Actions of Task 32 in : Workshop on formation mechanisms, reduction measures and health impact of aerosols from biomass combustion Workshop on low emission woodstoves (Ecodesign) Review on technical performance and cost effectiveness of new particle removal technologies, incl. an assessment of different measurement techniques

12 12 CHP concepts for small scale applications For medium scale, novel CHP concepts are being demonstrated and implemented. The scale of biomass CHP is going down. Steam cycle usually only feasible above 1 MWe/5 MWth Several R&D efforts for small scale CHP technologies Financial aspects and reliability yet uncertain Action of Task 32 in : Workshop on small scale CHP technologies to provide better insight in latest developments

13 13 Challenging biomass fuels NOx emissions, ash melting, corrosion, aerosols, SCR deactivation Outlook for new boiler materials and limits in steam temperature Action of Task 32 in : Workshop on use of challenging fuels in domestic and industrial scale combustion devices

14 14 Biomass cofiring The largest contributor to bio-electricity in several countries Largest and easy potential is in existing PC boilers because of size and public opinion Relevance of different technical issues however varies per power plant and biofuel considered Action of task 32 in : Workshop on high percentages co-firing and increased fuel flexibility Update of existing co-firing database

15 15 Pretreatment, storage, handling and sustainability of biomass resources Biomass logistics for large scale cofiring are very complex Self ignition of fuels has caused problems in practise Very large interest in torrefaction Actions of Task 32 in : Technical evaluation of suitability of torrefied fuels for different appliances (both small scale and co-firing) Technical review on safety issues in fuel storage, handling and preparation Workshop with T40 on large scale fuel supply

16 16 Safety issues Build-up of static charge Self heating Carcinogenicity of wood dust Off-gassing of hydrocarbons such as carbon monoxide, CO2 and methane and oxygen depletion fungal growth contributing to an unhealthy atmosphere and allergic reactions OPG Atikokan, Canada, 1 dec 2008

17 17 Utilization of ash As fertilizer, in road construction, or cement EN450 and ASTM set limitations on use of fly ash in cement, which may hinder high percentage co-firing Action of task 32 in : Technical paper on characteristics of different ash fractions from various biomass/technology combinations, how the ashes are currently utilized and what can be done to improve ash utilisation. The paper will contain a guideline for utilisation of various types of ash, which could be used to improve national policies on ash utilisation

18 18 Time planning Deliverable Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Task meeting, Lyon Workshop on small scale CHP technologies, Denmark D1 D2 Task meeting, Denmark Paper on options for increased ash utilisation from biomass combustion and co-firing Workshop on high percentages co-firing and increased fuel flexibility D3 D4 D5 Task meeting, Graz Review of small scale particle removal technologies, Graz Workshop on formation mechanisms, reduction measures and health impact of aerosols from biomass combustion, Graz Workshop on options for RDF processing D6 D7 D8 D19 Task meeting Evaluation of suitability of torrefied fuels for different appliances Review on safety issues in fuel storage, handling and preparation Workshop on large scale fuel supply D9 D10 D11 D12 Task meeting Workshop on use of challenging fuels in domestic and industrial scale combustion devices D14 D13 Task meeting Workshop on low emission woodstoves Database on co-firing initiatives D15 D16 D17 End-of Task report D18

19 19 Before 2010 Fuelsim-Average BioBank Co-firing database The handbook of biomass combustion and co-firing The pellet handbook