Energihandel og Miljø Regionalt samarbeid med internasjonalt perspektiv

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1 Energihandel og Miljø Regionalt samarbeid med internasjonalt perspektiv Professor Dr. techn. Ole Jørgen Hanssen Østfoldforskning og UMB INA Hanne Lerche Raadal Østfoldforskning

2 Østfoldforskning Holder til i Fredrikstad Etablert 1. mars 1988 som privat FoUstiftelse Overgang til forskningsselskap fra Ca 20 forskerårsverk Omsetning ca 28 mill/år Arbeider med anvendt FoU for å bidra til en bærekraftig utvikling med fokus på verdiskaping og effektiv utnyttelse av tilgjengelige ressurser.

3 Prosjekteksempler (Energi og avfallsressurser) Energihandel & Miljø 2020 Systemer og effekter for handel med miljøattributter LCA av gasskraft med og uten CCS Statoil Sammenligne miljømessige effekter av gasskraftscenarier med/uten karbonfangst og lagring (CCS). EcoDesign for CCS Statoil, Statkraft, NILU m.fl. Tox-vurderinger, vekting og benchmarking av gasskraft med CCS CEDREN, NVE m.fl: EPR (Energy Payback Ratio) for ulike elektrisitetsteknologier (vindkraft, vannkraft, bio) LCA av bioenergi NVE Miljøbelastning ved kraftvarmeproduksjon bioenergi fra ulike råstoffkilder og anleggstyper/ størrelser. Livsløpsanalyse av produkt fra bioraffineri Borregaard Miljøegenskaper ved produksjon av cellulose, etanol, lignin og vanillin. Klimaregnskap for biogass fra gjødsel og avfall Netto klimanytte ved ulik utnyttelse av gjødsel/avfall. Gas production offshore at Heidrun Biofuel production Gas transport: Haltenpipe Transport Gas terminal Electricity to grid Electricity production at CCGT Tjeldbergodden Gas (CCS-1) Biofuel (CCS-2) Electricity Steam (CCS-3) Exhaust. MEA Steam production (boiler) Post-combustion CO 2 capture plant Steam Exhaust Emissions of NO 2, MEA, NH 3 and CO 2 CO2 Hazardous waste Compression Inje and pipeline and s transport of CO2 of 28/10-10

4 Energihandel og Miljø-prosjektet Time schedule 3.5 years, Total budget 20 MNOK (app. 2.3 MEUR) 7.2 MNOK (0.9 MEUR) from Norwegian Research Council The rest from the project partners Cash Man hours Fortum Markets project owner Ostfold Research project manager PhD as a part of the project: Environmental Documentation of Energy in Trading Systems

5 Energihandel & miljø 2020 Utvikle en felles regnemodell (innenfor eksisterende regelverk) for miljøegenskapene til elektrisitet, og som som skiller mellom opprinnelsesgarantert elektrisitet og restmiks. LCA elektrisitet Opprinnelsesgarantier og varedeklarasjon Interaksjoner med elsertifikater

6 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of electricity 1 kwh generated and distributed to the customer Production of fuels Operation of energy plant Distribution of electricity

7 g CO2-equiv./kWh Literature study GHG emissions Wind Power [5] [17] standard deviation mean min - max [x] sample size [17] [22] < 100 kw 100kW - 500kW 500kW - 1MW 1MW - 5MW All cases [63] 63 cases Summary of life cycle GHG emissions from wind power based on the size of the turbines. 7

8 g CO2-equiv./kWh g CO2-equiv./kWh GHG vindkraft publiserte og normaliserte data GHG emissions related to installed capacity Published data GHG emissions related to installed capacity Normalized data Fjeldskår Kjøllefjord Fjeldskår Kjøllefjord R² = 0, R² = 0, Turbine size, kw Turbine size, kw Confidential data - not to be distributed!

9 g CO2-equiv./kWh Literature study GHG emissions Hydro Power 160,0 140,0 120,0 100,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 20,0 (8) standard deviation mean min - max [x] sample size Gjennomsnitt norsk vannkraft: 1,2 g CO 2 /kwh (foreløpige resultater) (21) (11) 0,0 Reservoir hydro including gross emissions from flooded land Reservoir hydro excluding emissions from flooded land Run-of-river 39 cases Summary of life cycle GHG emissions from wind power based on type of hydropower. 9

10 g CO 2 -eqv./kwh Wind and Hydro Power in perspective Coal Diesel and heavy oil Natural gas Photovoltaic Nuclear Wind* Hydro, reservoir (inundation included)* Hydro, reservoir (inundation excluded)* Hydro (run-ofriver)* * Data collected by Ostfold Research.

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12 Design av vindturbiner: LCA vindkraft Statkraft og Agder Energi Produksjon Kjøllefjord (Statkraft) 17 turbines Installed capacity: 2.3 MW per turbine Average annual production: 116 GWh Capacity factor: 33.4 % Fjeldskår (Agder Energi) 5 turbines Installed capacity: 0.75 MW per turbine Average annual production: 8 GWh Capacity factor: 24.4 %

13 g CO 2 -eqv./kwh Resultater Kjøllefjord og Fjeldskår Global Warming Potential Fjeldskår Kjøllefjord 15,1 14 Cables, internal 12 11,0 Cables, external Transformer station Service building 10 Roads and construction work Reinvestment, common infrastructure 8 Transport of mobile crane Foundation 6 Tower Rotor 4 Nacelle Reinvestment, nacelle Operation, transport 2 Operation, use of electricity Operation, use of materials 0 Basis scenario (solid rock foundation) Alternative foundation (gravitation) Steel production by Steel production by CENTREL electricity hydroelectricity Basis scenario (gravitation foundation) Alternative foundation (solid rock) Steel production by Steel production by CENTREL electricity hydroelectricity Kjøllefjord wind farm Fjeldskår wind farm Wind power

14 Wind Power Kjøllefjord Basic scenario (solid rock foundation, UCTE electricity mix for steel production) 3% cut-off to make the figure readable. GWP 1 kwh (11.0 g CO2-eqv.) Nacelle (2.6 g) Rotor (3.1 g) Tower (1.9 g) Foundation (0.4 g) Reinvestments, nacelle (1.2 g) Roads and constructions (1.0 g) Glassepoxy Steel Steel Steel Diesel Waste treatment

15 Varedeklarasjon og opprinnelsesgarantier for elektrisitet Opprinnelsesgarantier: Muliggjør handel med opprinnelsen/miljøverdien av elektrisitet. Prinsippet for systemet: GO = Guarantee of Origin GO market Cancellation

16 Guarantee of Origin Defined in the Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC): An electronic document which has the sole function of providing proof to a final customer that a given share or quantity of energy was produced from renewable sources as required by Article 3(6) of Directive 2003/54/EC. Standard size of 1 MWh Specific information requirements Energy source and start and end dates of production Whether and to what extent the installation has benefited from investment support Whether and to what extent the unit of energy has benefited in any other way from a national support scheme, and the type of support scheme Etc.

17 Electricity Disclosure The Electricity Market Directive 2009/72/EC, Article 3(9): All suppliers of electricity are required to disclose their electricity portfolio with regards to: energy source Attributes = The disclosed environmental impacts, specifying indicators, representing the emissions of CO 2 the environmental the production of radioactive waste. information associated with the electricity generation processes. Objective of Electricity Disclosure: To provide consumers with relevant information about power generation and to allow for informed consumer choice - not to be based on electricity prices alone.

18 The link between GO and Electricity Disclosure Production Electricity Mix (Country or Region) Customers Electricity Disclosure Green customers purchasing GOs Attributes related to the purchased GOs. Ordinary customers, purchasing electricity without any specific requirements Attributes related to the Production Electricity Mix, corrected by attributes which have been allocated by other tracking systems (e.g. GOs) = Residual Mix

19 Million certificates Statistics GOs in Europe Source: AIB EECS = The European Energy Certification System A harmonised system for international trade of renewable energy certificates, e.g. Guarantees of Origin. Developed by the Association of Issuing Bodies (AIB), the leading enabler of international energy certificate schemes (18 European members /countries registered).

20 Varedeklarasjon i Norge NVE publiserer norsk varedeklarasjon hvert år (fra 2007) Norwegian Disclosure 2007 Unknown 11 % Thermal 2 % Imports 5 % Renewable 82 % Thermal 1 % Norwegian Disclosure 2008 Unknown 25 % Imports 3 % Renewable 71 % Unknown 43 % Norwegian Disclosure 2009 Imports 6 % Renewable 47 % Thermal 4 % Norwegian Disclosure 2010 Imports 13 % Unknown 59 % Renewable 23 % Thermal 4 %

21 Methodology for Residual Mix calculations Methodology for Residual Mix calculations for the European countries developed through several European projects: E-Track (A European Tracking System for Electricity) EPED (European Platform for Electricity Disclosure) RE-DISS (Reliable Disclosure Systems for Europe) Best Practice Recommendations for the implementation of Guarantees of Origin and other tracking systems for disclosure in the electricity sector in Europe (Version 1.2, 2011)

22 Norwegian Disclosure 2007 Unknown 11 % Thermal 2 % Imports 5 % Renewable 82 % Thermal 1 % Norwegian Disclosure 2008 Unknown 25 % Imports 3 % Renewable 71 % Unknown 43 % Norwegian Disclosure 2009 Imports 6 % Renewable 47 % Thermal 4 % Norwegian Disclosure 2010 Imports 13 % Unknown 59 % Renewable 23 % Therma 4 % NVE s versjons According to the EU Directive RE-DISS Calculations (27 countries) Norwegian Residual Mix 2008 Renewable 76 % Nuclear 12 % Fossil 12 % Norwegian Residual Mix 2009 Renewable 51 % Fossil 32 % Nuclear 17 % Norwegian Residual Mix 2010 Renewable 23 % Fossil 50 % Nuclear 27 % 79 g CO 2 -equiv./kwh 220 g CO 2 -equiv./kwh 380 g CO 2 -equiv./kwh Residua l Mix calculations based on RE-DISS calculations 2008, 2009 and 2010 ( )

23 Green Electricity Database Structure SmartGrid project Spot prices/volumes (HH) Spot capacity/flows (HH) Gas prices/volumes (DD) Reg power prices/volumes (HH) Actual prod/consum Nordics (HH) Wind power prod (HH) Reservoir contents (WW) GED Actual consumption, Europe (MM) Actual production, Europe (MM) Hydro Nuclear Fossil, Gas, Oil RES Production mix (YY) Residual mix (YY) Certificate transactions (YY)

24 Green Electricity Database environmental footprint of electricity production and use in Europe

25 POMAX Ny trademark «Green Trader» Inkluderes i POMAX modulkontroller sammen med bl.a. EDM og ECTRM POMAX tilgangskontroll NECS/CMO integreres i POMAX Nye bilder: Oversikt over sertifikater Planlagte og utførte transaksjoner Konfigurering

26 Prototype to be further developed and implemented

27 Ny BIA søknad 15.2 Green Electricity Value Chains Innovasjonsprosjekt med fokus på Nye IKT-løsninger for Green Electricity Value Chains Green Electricity Database for Electricity Use in Europe Materialer, konstruksjoner og prosesser for redesign av vannkraft og ny vindkraft i et livsløpsperspektiv Partnere: IKT: Navita, NCE Smart Energy (og Tieto) Energy Trading: Bergen Energi, EB, Statkraft, Agder Energi Energy Companies: EB, Agder Energi, Statkraft, Østfold Energi, Vattenfall, Landvirkjun Construction and Energy use: Skanska, Statsbygg R&D: IFE, UMB INA & IMT, Østfoldforskning, International partners

28 The competitiveness of the ET&E 2020 cluster Energy and ICT companies with competitive products and services on a global arena High level understanding and knowledge with use of the methodology for environmental footprints (GHG emissions and EPR) in the energy value chain Strong knowledge about the influence of international and national regulations and standards on those methodologies and data Access to models to scale environmental footprint data to different types of energy technologies Access to networks with important European partners

29 Takk for oppmerksomheten! Mobil: E-post: