Muligheter og utfordringer med å øke resirkulering av plast. Lars Brede Johansen Utviklingssjef Grønt Punkt Norge

Transkript

1 Muligheter og utfordringer med å øke resirkulering av plast Lars Brede Johansen Utviklingssjef Grønt Punkt Norge

2 Produsentansvarets paradoks: Jo mindre man gjør, desto billigere blir det Veien til en sirkulær plastøkonomi er brolagt med en del kostnader Også krevende plastmaterialer må materialgjenvinnes Vilje til å ta kostnader nødvendig for å oppnå mer gjenvinnbare emballasjeløsninger mer og riktigere kildesortering miljøvennlig transport høy utsortering til materialgjenvinning utvikling av nye gjenvinningsteknologier, både mekaniske og kjemiske økt bruk av resirkulerte og biobaserte råvarer

3 Husholdningsplast: Muligheter og utfordringer Differensierte vederlag (ecomodulation) Design for gjenvinning Kommunenes valg Resirkulert plast i emballasje Differensierte godtgjørelser Materialgjenvinning Sentral ettersortering

4 Design for gjenvinning Avfallshierarkiet Avfallsreduksjon - Kutt unødvendig emballasje - Bruk mindre/lettere emballasje Kaste i naturen Gjenbruk/Ombruk - Pantesystem - Paller, plastkasser, emballasje som gjenbrukes hjemme - Virker vanskelig for mye av forbrukeremballasjen

5 Design for recycling Design for Recyclability hot topics Sleeves/labels Carbon black Use of recycled material PET-trays

6 NIR an inside view on Norwegian PP containers Example: Sleeve From PET to OPP Example: Label - From PE to PP

7 Sorting tests on black pots Before: PP with carbon black 15,6 % 4,4 % 80,0 % PP HDPE PET Residue After: PP with black pigments that are OK in NIR-machines 100,0 % PP HDPE PET Residue

8 Eco-modulation Sub-material (according to Decision 129/1997/EC) Plastic LDPE, HDPE, PP, PET, PS, Paper Paper, board, corrugated, composite Metal ALU, FE Glass Green, white, brown Wood Wood, cork Subtype of packaging (according to PPWD art. 3 and annex II) Plastic Bottle, flask, wrap film trays, crates, bags Paper Box, cartons, pallet, bags, beverage cartons Metal Can, pallet, foil, barrel Glass Bottle, jar, Wood Pallet, crates, caps Recyclability criteria 1. The packaging material being sortable 2. The existence of one or more recyclers 3. The existence of one or more companies using the secondary raw material 4. That there is a minimum available quantity

9 The golden rule of packaging

10 Product vs. Packaging through the life cycle grams CO2 eq. / functional unit Minced meat Energy recovery Material recycling Without optimisation With optimisation

11 Product vs. Packaging through the life cycle grams CO2 eq. / functional unit Apples (domestic) Energy recovery Material recycling Without optimisation With optimisation Side 12

12 Municipalities system choice Plastics: < 30 % separated for recycling Oslo - Optibag Residual waste Food waste

13 Systems design for recycling Intermunicipal waste company north of Oslo Post-sorting of municipal waste Food waste Residual waste bucket Residual waste and plastics > 50 % separated for recycling

14 Differentiation of contribution to municipalities - The Stair Step Model Systems design for recycling Compensation from PRO per tonne EU target 2025 Collection per inhabitant

15 Increased use of recycled plastics Design for recycling

16 Materialbørsen for resirkulerte råvarer

17 FDA issues slew of letters for food-contact recycled plastics Polymetrix (PET %) Nuvida Plastic Technologies (PP/HDPE - 60 %) Resipol Comêrcio de Residuos e Polimeros Plâstico (PET %) Total Research and Technology Feluy (HDPE - 60 % - melkeflasker?) Reifenhäuser Cast Sheet Coating (PET - opp til 100 %) Kreyenborg Plant Technology (two letters) (post-consumer PET thermoformed PET food packages %)

18 Gneuss Kunststofftechnik recycling process (Gneuss 1- og Gneuss 2 technology) Input: Washed and dried PET flakes originating from collected post consumer PET containers, containing no more than 5 % of PET from non food applications. Process: extrusion under vacuum into pellets or sheets (degassing) Critical parameters: temperature, pressure, residence time, throughput rate, rotor speed and satellite screws speed Output purity: migration of potential unknown contaminants into food is below a conservatively modelled migration of 0.1 μg/kg food. (0,1 ppb) Use: manufacture of articles made with up to 100%/90% recycled post consumer PET food contact articles intended for long-term storage at room temperature with all types of food stuffs trays made of this recycled PET not to be used in microwave or conventional oven (Gneuss 1) (Gneuss 2)

19 Linpac super clean technology Input: hot washed and dried PET flakes originating from collected post consumer PET containers, containing no more than 5% PET from non food consumer applications. Process: washed and dried PET flakes are heated in continuous driers under gas flow before being extruded. Critical parameters: residence time, air flow per mass of flakes and temperature in the driers. Output purity: level of migration of potential unknown contaminants into food is below a conservatively modelled migration of 0.15 μg/kg food, derived from the exposure scenario for toddlers. (0,15 ppb) Use: up to 100% to make articles intended for contact with all types of foodstuffs, except packaged water conditions covered by migration testing of 10 days at 20 C not intended to be used, and should not be used, in microwave and conventional ovens

20 Andre eksempler Envases Ureña, based on Starlinger Decon technology, used to recycle post consumer PET into food contact materials 4PET, based on EREMA Basic technology, used to recycle post consumer PET into food contact materials (4PET Recycling er kjøpt av Færch Plast)

21 Design for recycling Biobasert plast

22 Design for recycling All plast globalt og i EU, 2015 og 2016 Kilde: Plastics the Facts 2017 PlasticsEurope

23 Design for recycling Mulch film (jorddekningsfilm) i PBAT Forskning på nedbrytbarhet i jord fra Universitetet ETH, Zürich Se også: EN on biodegradation of plastic mulch films in agriculture

24 Takk for oppmerksomheten!