ERFARINGER FRA UTARBEIDELSE OG IMPLEMENTERING AV BREF'ER Miljøforum 20.9.2017, Miljødirektoratet, Oslo Fagsjef/ toksikolog NAVF Sverre Alhaug Høstmark, Norsk Industri
Innhold Konkurranse på like vilkår uten tekniske handelshindre IED - historisk bakgrunn og Sevillaprosessen Utviklingstrekk vedr. BREFer Erfaringer, utfordringer og ønsker Oppsummering 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 2
Like konkurransevilkår Kritisk for uskjermet sektor Avgjørende for varer prissatt i verdensmarkedet og uten tekniske fortrinn: Norske eksportvarer er typisk sårbare Miljøkrav -> «Green procurement»? «Foregangsland»? Industrien må ha myndighetenes forståelse 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 3
IEDs formål, Preamble 44 Enkeltland kan ikke klare å sikre høyt nivå på beskyttelse av mennesker og miljø i Europa Derfor (IPPC) - IED Men: Proporsjonalitetsprinsippet gjelder også Derfor går ikke IED lenger enn det som er nødvendig for å nå dette mål F-loven kan gå lenger men også her gjelder vel proporsjonalitetsprinsippet? 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 4
IED - historisk bakgrunn: Ønske om helhetlig overnasjonal miljøregulering IPPC: IPPC: Direktiv 96/61/EC senere 2008/1/EU Annex I (aktiviteter omfattet av IED) Evaluering Viste fortsatt store ulikheter spesielt pga. implementering EUs svar: Mer og strengere lovgivning: IED Direktiv 2010/75/EU Utvidet Annex I (aktiviteter omfattet av IED) Veileder om BREF-dokumenter 2012/119/EU Juridisk bindende BAT konklusjoner Sevilla-prosessen beholdes 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 5
Nasjonalt spillerom i IED Art. 15.4: Derogations: achievement of BAT EALs as descibend in BAT conclusions would lead to disproportionaterly higher costs compared to the environmental benefits (ELV > upper BAT AEL) Art.15.3: The CA shall set ELVs that ensure that, under normal operaring conditions, emissions do not exceed BAT AELs as laid down in the decisions on BAT conclusions (ELVs within the Upper and lower BAT AEL range) Art.18: Where an EQS requires stricter conditions than those achievable by the use of BAT, additional measures shall be included in the permit, without prejudice to other meqasures which may be taken to comply with EQS) e.g. restrictions on use of materials, level of avctivity etc. ELVs may be set lower than lower AEL Når? Art.14.4: Without prejudice to Article 18, the CAs may set stricter permit conditions than those achievable by the use of the BAT as described in the BAT conclusions) 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 6
Sevilla-prosessen Miljøforum 20.9.2017 7
MS, industriorg. og e-ngo utgjør arb.grp. (TWG) JRC (COM) er sekretariat og forhandlingsleder 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 8
Ferrous Metals Processing Industry FMP BREF 12.2001 MR(11.2016) Ferrous Metals Processing Industry FMP BREF 12.2001 MR(11.2016) Industrial Cooling Systems ICS BREF 12.2001 Industrial Cooling Systems ICS BREF 12.2001 Textiles Industry TXT BREF 07.2003 2017 Textiles Industry TXT BREF 07.2003 2017 Slaughterhouses and Animals By-products SA Slaughterhouses and Animals By-products SA Industries BREF 05.2005 2017/2018 Industries BREF 05.2005 2017/2018 Smitheries and Foundries Industry SF BREF 05.2005 Smitheries and Foundries Industry SF BREF 05.2005 Emissions from Storage EFS BREF 07.2006 Emissions from Storage EFS BREF 07.2006 Food, Drink and Milk Industries FDM BREF 08.2006 D1(01.2017) MR(10.2014) Food, Drink and Milk Utviklingstrekk Industries FDM BREF 08.2006 D1(01.2017) MR(10.2014) Manufacture of Organic Fine Chemicals OFC BREF 08.2006 Manufacture of Organic Fine Chemicals OFC BREF 08.2006 Surface Treatment Of Metals and Plastics STM BREF 08.2006 Surface Treatment Of Metals and Plastics STM BREF 08.2006 Waste Incineration WI BREF 08.2006 D1(05.2017) MR(01.2015) Waste Incineration WI BREF 08.2006 D1(05.2017) MR(01.2015) Waste Treatment WT BREF 08.2006 D1(12.2015) MR(11.2013) Waste Treatment WT BREF 08.2006 D1(12.2015) MR(11.2013) Ceramic Manufacturing Industry CER BREF 08.2007 Ceramic Manufacturing Industry CER BREF 08.2007 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers LVIC-AAF BREF 08.2007 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers LVIC-AAF BREF 08.2007 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Solids and LVIC-S Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Solids and LVIC-S Others Industry BREF 08.2007 Others Industry BREF 08.2007 Production of Polymers POL BREF 08.2007 Production of Polymers POL BREF 08.2007 Production of Speciality Inorganic Chemicals SIC BREF 08.2007 Production of Speciality Inorganic Chemicals SIC BREF 08.2007 Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents, (including Wood and Wood Products STS Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents, (including Wood and Wood Products Preservation STS Preservation with Chemicals) BREF 08.2007 MR(11.2015) with Chemicals) BREF 08.2007 MR(11.2015) Energy Efficiency ENE BREF 02.2009 Energy Efficiency ENE BREF 02.2009 Industry EmissionsDirective Industry EmissionsDirective Iron and Steel Production IS BREF 03.2012 BATC Iron and Steel Production IS BREF 03.2012 BATC Manufacture of Glass GLS BREF 03.2012 BATC Manufacture of Glass GLS BREF 03.2012 BATC Tanning of Hides and Skins TAN BREF 02.2013 BATC Tanning of Hides and Skins TAN BREF 02.2013 BATC Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium CLM Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium CLM Oxide BREF 04.2013 BATC Oxide BREF 04.2013 BATC Production of Chlor-alkali CAK BREF 12.2013 BATC Production of Chlor-alkali CAK BREF 12.2013 BATC Production of Pulp, Paper and Board PP BREF 09.2014 BATC Production of Pulp, Paper and Board PP BREF 09.2014 BATC Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas REF BREF 10.2014 BATC Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas REF BREF 10.2014 BATC Wood-based Panels Production WBP BREF 11.2015 BATC Wood-based Panels Production WBP BREF 11.2015 BATC Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/ Management Systems in the CWW Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/ CWW Chemical Sector BREF 06.2016 BATC Management Systems in the Chemical Sector BREF 06.2016 BATC Non-ferrous Metals Industries NFM BREF 06.2016 BATC Non-ferrous Metals Industries NFM BREF 06.2016 BATC Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs IRPP BREF 07.2017 BATC Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs IRPP BREF 07.2017 BATC Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry LVOC BREF 02.2003 FD (02.2017) MR(12.2010) Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry LVOC BREF 02.2003 FD (02.2017) MR(12.2010) Large Combustion Plants LCP BREF 07.2017 BATC MR(10.2011) Large Combustion Plants LCP BREF 07.2017 BATC MR(10.2011) Common Waste Gas Treatment in the Chemical Sector WGC KoM 09.2017 for BREFer: Common Waste Gas Treatment in the Chemical Sector WGC KoM 09.2017 Adopted Reference Document (REFs) Code Documen Reference Document (REFs) Code Adopted Estimated review 21.09.2017 t Formal draft Miljøforum (*) Estimated review start 20.9.2017 Document Formal draft (*) start 9 Economics and Cross-media Effects ECM REF 07.2006 Economics and Cross-media Effects ECM REF 07.2006 Monitoring of emissions from IED-installations ROM REF 07.2003 Revised FD(06.2017) Monitoring of emissions from IED-installations ROM REF 07.2003 Revised FD(06.2017)
Ferrous Metals Processing Industry FMP BREF 12.2001 MR(11.2016) Ferrous Metals Processing Industry FMP BREF 12.2001 MR(11.2016) Industrial Cooling Systems ICS BREF 12.2001 Industrial Cooling Systems ICS BREF 12.2001 Textiles Industry TXT BREF 07.2003 2017 Textiles Industry TXT BREF 07.2003 Slaughterhouses and Animals By-products SA Slaughterhouses and Animals By-products Industries Utviklingstrekk SA BREF 05.2005 2017/2018 Industries BREF 05.2005 2017/2018 2017 Smitheries and Foundries Industry SF 05.2005 Smitheries and Foundries Industry SF BREF 05.2005 Emissions from Storage EFS 07.2006 Emissions from Storage EFS BREF 07.2006 Food, Drink and Milk Industries FDM 08.2006 D1(01.2017) MR(10.2014) Food, Drink and Milk Industries FDM BREF 08.2006 D1(01.2017) MR(10.2014) Manufacture for of Organic Fine BREFer: Chemicals OFC 08.2006 Manufacture of Organic Fine Chemicals OFC BREF 08.2006 Surface Treatment Of Metals and Plastics STM BREF 08.2006 Surface Treatment Of Metals and Plastics STM BREF 08.2006 Waste Incineration WI BREF 08.2006 D1(05.2017) MR(01.2015) Waste Incineration WI BREF 08.2006 D1(05.2017) MR(01.2015) Waste Treatment WT BREF 08.2006 D1(12.2015) MR(11.2013) Waste Treatment WT BREF 08.2006 D1(12.2015) MR(11.2013) Ceramic Manufacturing Industry CER BREF 08.2007 Ceramic Manufacturing Industry CER BREF 08.2007 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers LVIC-AAF BREF 08.2007 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers LVIC-AAF BREF 08.2007 Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Solids and LVIC-S Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Solids and LVIC-S Others Industry BREF 08.2007 Others Industry BREF 08.2007 Production of Polymers POL BREF 08.2007 Production of Polymers POL BREF 08.2007 Production of Speciality Inorganic Chemicals SIC BREF 08.2007 Production of Speciality Inorganic Chemicals SIC BREF 08.2007 Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents, (including Wood and Wood Products STS Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents, (including Wood and Wood Products Preservation STS Preservation with Chemicals) BREF 08.2007 MR(11.2015) with Chemicals) BREF 08.2007 MR(11.2015) Energy Efficiency ENE BREF 02.2009 Energy Efficiency ENE BREF 02.2009 Industry EmissionsDirective Industry EmissionsDirective Iron and Steel Production IS BREF 03.2012 BATC Iron and Steel Production IS BREF 03.2012 BATC Manufacture of Glass GLS BREF 03.2012 BATC Manufacture of Glass GLS BREF 03.2012 BATC Tanning of Hides and Skins TAN BREF 02.2013 BATC Tanning of Hides and Skins TAN BREF 02.2013 BATC Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium CLM Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium CLM Oxide BREF 04.2013 BATC Oxide BREF 04.2013 BATC Production of Chlor-alkali CAK BREF 12.2013 BATC Production of Chlor-alkali CAK BREF 12.2013 BATC Production of Pulp, Paper and Board PP BREF 09.2014 BATC Production of Pulp, Paper and Board PP BREF 09.2014 BATC Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas REF BREF 10.2014 BATC Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas REF BREF 10.2014 BATC Wood-based Panels Production WBP BREF 11.2015 BATC Wood-based Panels Production WBP BREF 11.2015 BATC Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/ Management Systems in the CWW Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/ CWW Chemical Sector BREF 06.2016 BATC Management Systems in the Chemical Sector BREF 06.2016 BATC Non-ferrous Metals Industries NFM BREF 06.2016 BATC Non-ferrous Metals Industries NFM BREF 06.2016 BATC Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs IRPP BREF 07.2017 BATC Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs IRPP BREF 07.2017 BATC Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry LVOC BREF 02.2003 FD (02.2017) MR(12.2010) Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry LVOC BREF 02.2003 FD (02.2017) MR(12.2010) Large Combustion Plants LCP BREF 07.2017 BATC MR(10.2011) Large Combustion Plants LCP BREF 07.2017 BATC MR(10.2011) Common Waste Gas Treatment in the Chemical Sector WGC KoM 09.2017 Common Waste Gas Treatment in the Chemical Sector WGC KoM 09.2017 Adopted Reference Document (REFs) Code Documen Reference Document (REFs) Code Adopted Estimated review 21.09.2017 t Formal draft Miljøforum (*) Estimated review start 20.9.2017 Document Formal draft (*) start10 Economics and Cross-media Effects ECM REF 07.2006 Economics and Cross-media Effects ECM REF 07.2006 Monitoring of emissions from IED-installations ROM REF 07.2003 Revised FD(06.2017) Monitoring of emissions from IED-installations ROM REF 07.2003 Revised FD(06.2017)
Det integrerte perspektivet Er betydelig svekket med IED Har ikke blitt realisert i en rekke EU-land Cross-Media effects blir ikke respektert Uten godt skjønn, vil BAT-AEL-grenser kunne overkjøre tekniske sammenhenger og begrensninger mellom ulike miljøparametre. 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 11
ERFARINGER
Normale driftsforhold IED Preamble 15 og artikkel 15.3: The competent authority shall set emission limit values that ensure that, under normal operating conditions, emissions do not exceed the emission levels associated with the best available techniques as laid down in the decisions on BAT conclusions referred to in Article 13(5) 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 13
Proporsjonalitet og driftsforhold Mange ulike kilder: Noen store, noen små Krav til driftssikkerhet og instrumentering må avpasses Normale driftsforhold: Driftsavbrudd, redundans og overvåking i store vs små kilder konsekvenser svært ulike 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 14
Noen U-normale driftsforhold Strømstans Instrumentsvikt Pumpe- / viftesvikt Hull i posefilter Oppstart og nedkjøring Ut-testing og feilsøking Følgevirkninger fra andre deler av et integrert anlegg Én time unormale forhold kan i verste fall tilsvare nær én ukes utslipp under normale forhold! Jo høyere renseeffekt, jo mer dramatiske utslag. Et døgns svikt i en liten kilde (10 000 Nm3/t) kan utgjøre et kvarter på en stor kilde. 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 15
Dagens grense støvutslipp Ny BATAEL-range (2-5) 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 16
Dagens grense støvutslipp Grenser der god drift gir brudd på tillatelsen kan ikke industrien leve med Ny BATAEL-range (2-5) 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 17
Spes. om støv - industristøv Ingen teknikker for å fjerne metaller fra smelteverksgasser (ex Hg). Posefiltre tar støv, men kan ikke skille ut enkeltmetaller => Uheldig å sette metallgrenser for støv. Evt. hvorfor bare for industri? => Evt. sette overvåkingskrav, ikke grense I et nylig eksempel satte Mdir en firedobbel innstramming på støv: Lavere enn laveste BAT-AEL Hensyntok ikke Normal Operating Conditions Avkortet ved å slå sammen kilder Avkorting ved å sette metallgrense for støv Frist satt et halvt år før konkurrenter 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 18
IEDs grensesetting og norsk praksis IED setter grenser per type utrustning, per enhet eks 2-5 mg støv/nm 3, samt en gjennomsnittstid, uten «loads» Norsk tradisjon opererer med loads: kg støv/ tidsenhet. Til dels med avkorting for flere sammenslåtte enheter En tilleggsbegrensning som ikke respekterer IEDs tankemåte Konkurransevridende. Andre land innfører nå «cut-off» for lave loads, også i årsrapportering. Industrien etterlyser lignende praksis i Norge «Null-utslipp» er ikke null utslipp men fravær av skadevirkninger 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 19
Null-utslipp, loads og måleteknikk TA 2748 - Forventninger til industriens utslippskontroll: «Analyseresultater under deteksjonsgrensen for komponenter som det er sannsynlig å finne i bedriftens utslipp, skal angis som en verdi lik halve deteksjonsgrensen» Dette er åpenbart gal statistikk og hjelper ikke på «nullvisjonen» 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 20
Rett bruk av målegrenser: LOD/LOQ The figure illustrates the relationship between the blank, the limit of detection (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ) by showing the probability density function for normally distributed measurements at the blank, at the LOD defined as 3 * standard deviation of the blank, and at the LOQ defined as 10 * standard deviation of the blank. For a signal at the LOD, the alpha error (probability of false positive) is small (1 %). However, the beta error (probability of a false negative) is 50 % for a sample that has a concentration at the LOD (red line). LOD skal ikke brukes til kvantifisering, kun detektering This means a sample could contain an impurity at the LOD, but there is a 50 % chance that a measurement would give a result less than the LOD. At the LOQ (blue line), there is minimal chance of a false negative. 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 21
Norsk IED-implementering: MDir velger å benytte Artikkel 14.4 allerede på de første sakene. Vi etterlyser retningslinjer for bruk av Art. 14.4 fra departementet Svekkelse av proporsjonalitetsprinsippet: «Gold-plating» Tilsidesettelse av «normale driftsforhold» Fristen i IED er 13.6.2020. Hvorfor frister før dette? Konkurrentland Trege saksbehandling gir redusert tid til ombygging. Investeringene i miljøforbedringer må ikke gå lenger enn det som er nødvendig for å oppnå målene. Ytterligere utslippsreduksjoner gir ikke nødvendigvis miljøforbedringer eller økte markedsmuligheter bare konkurransevridende 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 22
Blir konkurransen lik? Kompleksiteten har økt ulikhetene innen EU har heller økt Mange land har ulike forvaltningsnivå, og oppdelt sektoransvar Kulturforskjeller mellom Nord- og Sør-Europa endres ikke med lover Generelt tregt og vel fleksibelt i Sør-Europa Bokstavtro i AU, DE, NL, UK, DK, S, FI Norge synes å bli mer restriktivt Vil god forvaltningspraksis forsvinne? Realistiske kost-/nyttevurderinger Vurdering av miljømessig betydning / dimensjon Teknisk innsikt : Skille uhell, forstyrrelser og normale driftsforhold Uslippsreduksjon miljøforbedring Tidsfaktoren Det integrerte perspektivet 21.09.2017 Miljøforum 20.9.2017 23
TAKK FOR OPPMERKSOMHETEN! Sverre Alhaug Høstmark, Fagsjef Ytre miljø, Norsk Industri - sverre@norskindustri.no