MÅLING OG VURDERING AV TEKSTUR I VEGOVERFLATER OG KOPLING TIL STØY Av Svein Å. Storeheier Miljøvennlige vegdekker, 2006-09-14 1
TEXTURE what can be measured The road surface is scanned by a laser system, giving a surface profile Mean Profile Depth - MPD ISO 13473 1 : 1997(E), Determination of Mean Profile Depth Texture spectrum ISO/CD 13473-4, Spectral analysis of texture profiles Surface profiles are measured by the road authorities, which also measure MPD. The ALFRED system can give profile data for further processing, f.ex. The texture spektrum Profile statistics 2
Texture measurements - ALFRED 3
Texture profile measurement (SMA8) 4
Texture spectrum measurements Some limitations : Rasta AA - AB Max measuring length is 7500 profile samples, approx. 2.6 m at the driving speed and instrument setting, The vertical resolution is about 0.044 mm., which is not quite according to the standard Teksturnivå, db re 10E- 6 m (rms) 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 315 160 80 40 20 10 5 Bølgelengde ( mm ) 2.5 1.25 rastaaa1 rastaaa2 rastaaa3 rastaab1 rastaab2 rastaab3 Procedure : At least 6 basic measurements on each test lane, i.e. 15 17 m total length 5
Presentation of results FV530 Ab16, felt 2, 2003 Senter- Ltx, db re 1µm a (rms), µm Profilparametre bølgelengde 1/3-okt Stdav (Ltx) 1/1-okt 1/3-okt 1/1-okt mm 315.0 33.1 3.0 45.4 mid MPD 0.72 250.0 34.2 1.6 38.4 51.1 83.4 mm 200.0 33.6 4.9 47.7 160.0 35.2 4.1 57.5 mid G 72.77 125.0 37.7 4.1 41.6 76.9 120.9 % 100.0 37.3 3.9 73.4 80.0 40.0 3.1 99.6 mid rms 0.43 63.0 38.2 2.7 44.6 81.0 170.6 mm 50.0 41.0 4.4 112.3 40.0 41.1 2.8 113.8 mid rsk -0.70 31.5 41.9 2.1 47.3 124.8 231.9 skewness 25.0 44.0 3.0 158.9 20.0 43.0 2.3 140.9 mid rku 4.79 16.0 44.1 1.4 48.2 160.1 258.5 kurtosis 12.5 43.3 2.5 146.1 10.0 41.6 1.8 120.0 8.0 40.1 1.4 45.3 101.3 184.8 6.3 39.8 2.2 97.4 5.0 37.7 2.5 76.7 ERNL, db 4.0 36.6 1.4 41.6 67.8 120.1 3.2 36.0 1.3 62.7 70.9 2.5 35.7 0.9 61.1 2.0 34.9 1.1 39.9 55.8 98.4 1.6 34.5 1.1 53.3 1.3 33.9 1.3 49.5 1.0 32.8 1.8 37.6 43.9 76.1 0.8 31.5 1.9 37.6 50 Ltx, db 45 40 35 30 Lmid, 1/3-okt 25 20 315.0 200.0 125.0 80.0 50.0 31.5 20.0 12.5 8.0 5.0 3.2 2.0 1.3 0.8 Bølgelengde ( mm ) 6
Pos. / neg. Texture (rpt M+P.MVM.99.3.1 rev 1) 7
Texture measurements during 2003-2005 2003: Rasta test roads at Kongsvinger, 5 sections laid in summer 2003 ( SMA8, DAC6, SMA11 ), Reference section SMA14 (1996), 5 sections on older local roads 2004, spring: Rasta test roads, 2004, autumn: Rasta test roads, reference section, 5 sections on local roads, 2005: Rasta test roads, E6 Melhus, E6 Espa, rv715, 2006: Rasta, E6 Espa, E6 Melhus, rv715, E18, E16, 8
Results 2003-measurements All results in lane 1 Leq SMA11: 94 db Texture level ( db ) 55 50 45 40 35 30 Sma8-New Dac6-New Sma11-New Dac6-New Sma8-New Sma14, 7 years Sma11, 5 years Dac8, 3 years Dac11, 1 year Leq SMA8: 92.7 db 25 20 315 160 80 40 20 10 5 2.5 1.25 Sma8, 1 year Sma11, 1 year Sma14, 5 years Center wavelength ( mm ) 9
Results 2003 - Parameter estimates, mean values New Older MPD 1.15 0.66 G 81.9 57.9 R sk -1.10-0.18 ERNL 71.7 70.8 10
Sperenberg comparison Newly laid SMA8 : 55 MPD Spb: 0.91 SINTEF: 1.0 Ltx db re 10e-6 m 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 315 200 125 80 50 31.5 20 12.5 8 5 3.15 2 1.25 A11 Sperenberg A13 Sperenberg Ska8(1)_f1 Ska8(2)_f1 Ska8(2)_f2 Wavelength ( mm ) 11
Newly laid road surface 12
Old road surface 13
Noise texture correlation (2003) 8 lanes, older road surfaces, R 2 - Contour plot 5000 Lcpx, tire A 1/3-oct. band Ltx 1/3-oct. band 250 160 100 63 40 25 16 10 6.3 4 2.5 Center wavelength ( mm ) 3150 2000 1250 800 500 315 200 Center frequency ( Hz ) 0.8-1 0.6-0.8 0.4-0.6 0.2-0.4 0-0.2-0.2-0 -0.4--0.2 14
Noise level (Lcpx) and texture (MPD) Significant correlation between LAeq and MPD, for older surfaces. Unsignificant correlation for newly laid surfaces LAeq ( db ) 98 96 94 92 R 2 = 0.504 90 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 MPD ( mm ) LA Linear (LA) ( Tire B ) 15
Noise level (Lcpx) and max chipping size Newly laid surfaces 95 90 R 2 = 0.7828 R 2 = 0.8649 LA 500 Hz 2000 Hz Leq ( db ) 85 R 2 = 0.5528 R 2 = 0.0083 1000 Hz 250 Hz Linear (LA) Older surfaces 100 R 2 = 0.4408 LA 80 75 R 2 = 0.6612 5 7 9 11 13 Max nominal chipping size (mm ). Linear (500 Hz) Linear (2000 Hz) Linear (1000 Hz) Linear (250 Hz) 95 500 Hz Leq ( db ) 90 85 80 R 2 = 0.4268 R 2 = 0.3891 5 7 9 11 13 15 Max nominal chipping size (mm ). 1000 Hz Linear (LA) Linear (500 Hz) Linear (1000 Hz) 16
Some relationships, 2004 Lcpx for tire A 97 2004 Lcpx, db(a) 96 95 94 93 92 R 2 = 0.3914 Måledata Linear (Måledata) 91 90 45 55 65 75 g-faktor ( % ) 17
Some relationships, 2004 Lcpx for tire A 97 96 Måledata Lcpx, db(a 95 94 93 92 R 2 = 0.5124 91 90 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 MPD (mm) Linear (Måledata) L cpx, db(a) 96 95 94 93 92 R 2 = 0.5249 Måledata Linear (Måledata) 91 5 10 15 max stein mm 18
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Noen resultater 2005 E6 Espa Ltx, db 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 E6 - Espa, Wa8, 05 E6 - Espa, Da11, 05 E6 - Espa, Ab6, 05 E6 - Espa, T8g, 05 312.5 200.0 125.0 80.0 50.0 31.7 20.0 12.5 8.0 5.0 3.2 2.0 1.3 0.8 Bølgelengde ( mm ) 20
Noen resultater 2006 E6 Espa E6 Espa, Ab6, sept 06 45 40 35 30 25 20 21 315.0 200.0 125.0 80.0 50.0 31.7 20.0 12.5 8.0 5.0 Ltx, db 3.2 2.0 1.3 0.8 Bølgelengde ( mm ) Lmid, 1/3-okt Ytre spor Indre spor
Resultater 2006 22
Mulig metodikk for støy - tekstur Korrelasjon mellom beskrivende parametre, 2004: 23
Hovedkomponent analyse (PCA) Kan passe for relativt få datasett og mange variable Datasett : veger Variable: forskjellige beskrivelser av tekstur Metoden genererer et nytt sett med variable. Hver av disse er en linear kombinasjon av opprinnelige variable. Overflødig informasjon fjernes, det er ofte nok med 2-3 hovedkomponenter for å forklare variasjonen i datamaterialet. Hovedkomponentanalyse ble gjennomført på støy- og teksturdata fra 2004, som et forsøk: 18 vegdekker 13 teksturvariable 24
Eksempel 2 hovedkomponenter 97 96 Måledata Sammenheng: Lcpx, db(a) 95 94 93 92 91 R 2 = 0.5124 Linear (Måledata) Lcpx = 90 + 0.02(0.47a32) 90 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 MPD (mm) 0.33(-0.63Rsk- 0.58max) 96 y = x - 2E-10 95 R 2 = 0.7839 Målt LA 94 93 92 91 91.0 92.0 93.0 94.0 95.0 96.0 Lin modell 25