ERFARINGER FRA UTARBEIDELSE OG IMPLEMENTERING AV BREF'ER

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1 ERFARINGER FRA UTARBEIDELSE OG IMPLEMENTERING AV BREF'ER Miljøforum , Miljødirektoratet, Oslo Fagsjef/ toksikolog NAVF Sverre Alhaug Høstmark, Norsk Industri

2 Innhold Konkurranse på like vilkår uten tekniske handelshindre IED - historisk bakgrunn og Sevillaprosessen Utviklingstrekk vedr. BREFer Erfaringer, utfordringer og ønsker Oppsummering Miljøforum

3 Like konkurransevilkår Kritisk for uskjermet sektor Avgjørende for varer prissatt i verdensmarkedet og uten tekniske fortrinn: Norske eksportvarer er typisk sårbare Miljøkrav -> «Green procurement»? «Foregangsland»? Industrien må ha myndighetenes forståelse Miljøforum

4 IEDs formål, Preamble 44 Enkeltland kan ikke klare å sikre høyt nivå på beskyttelse av mennesker og miljø i Europa Derfor (IPPC) - IED Men: Proporsjonalitetsprinsippet gjelder også Derfor går ikke IED lenger enn det som er nødvendig for å nå dette mål F-loven kan gå lenger men også her gjelder vel proporsjonalitetsprinsippet? Miljøforum

5 IED - historisk bakgrunn: Ønske om helhetlig overnasjonal miljøregulering IPPC: IPPC: Direktiv 96/61/EC senere 2008/1/EU Annex I (aktiviteter omfattet av IED) Evaluering Viste fortsatt store ulikheter spesielt pga. implementering EUs svar: Mer og strengere lovgivning: IED Direktiv 2010/75/EU Utvidet Annex I (aktiviteter omfattet av IED) Veileder om BREF-dokumenter 2012/119/EU Juridisk bindende BAT konklusjoner Sevilla-prosessen beholdes Miljøforum

6 Nasjonalt spillerom i IED Art. 15.4: Derogations: achievement of BAT EALs as descibend in BAT conclusions would lead to disproportionaterly higher costs compared to the environmental benefits (ELV > upper BAT AEL) Art.15.3: The CA shall set ELVs that ensure that, under normal operaring conditions, emissions do not exceed BAT AELs as laid down in the decisions on BAT conclusions (ELVs within the Upper and lower BAT AEL range) Art.18: Where an EQS requires stricter conditions than those achievable by the use of BAT, additional measures shall be included in the permit, without prejudice to other meqasures which may be taken to comply with EQS) e.g. restrictions on use of materials, level of avctivity etc. ELVs may be set lower than lower AEL Når? Art.14.4: Without prejudice to Article 18, the CAs may set stricter permit conditions than those achievable by the use of the BAT as described in the BAT conclusions) Miljøforum

7 Sevilla-prosessen Miljøforum

8 MS, industriorg. og e-ngo utgjør arb.grp. (TWG) JRC (COM) er sekretariat og forhandlingsleder Miljøforum

9 Ferrous Metals Processing Industry FMP BREF MR( ) Ferrous Metals Processing Industry FMP BREF MR( ) Industrial Cooling Systems ICS BREF Industrial Cooling Systems ICS BREF Textiles Industry TXT BREF Textiles Industry TXT BREF Slaughterhouses and Animals By-products SA Slaughterhouses and Animals By-products SA Industries BREF /2018 Industries BREF /2018 Smitheries and Foundries Industry SF BREF Smitheries and Foundries Industry SF BREF Emissions from Storage EFS BREF Emissions from Storage EFS BREF Food, Drink and Milk Industries FDM BREF D1( ) MR( ) Food, Drink and Milk Utviklingstrekk Industries FDM BREF D1( ) MR( ) Manufacture of Organic Fine Chemicals OFC BREF Manufacture of Organic Fine Chemicals OFC BREF Surface Treatment Of Metals and Plastics STM BREF Surface Treatment Of Metals and Plastics STM BREF Waste Incineration WI BREF D1( ) MR( ) Waste Incineration WI BREF D1( ) MR( ) Waste Treatment WT BREF D1( ) MR( ) Waste Treatment WT BREF D1( ) MR( ) Ceramic Manufacturing Industry CER BREF Ceramic Manufacturing Industry CER BREF Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers LVIC-AAF BREF Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers LVIC-AAF BREF Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Solids and LVIC-S Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Solids and LVIC-S Others Industry BREF Others Industry BREF Production of Polymers POL BREF Production of Polymers POL BREF Production of Speciality Inorganic Chemicals SIC BREF Production of Speciality Inorganic Chemicals SIC BREF Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents, (including Wood and Wood Products STS Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents, (including Wood and Wood Products Preservation STS Preservation with Chemicals) BREF MR( ) with Chemicals) BREF MR( ) Energy Efficiency ENE BREF Energy Efficiency ENE BREF Industry EmissionsDirective Industry EmissionsDirective Iron and Steel Production IS BREF BATC Iron and Steel Production IS BREF BATC Manufacture of Glass GLS BREF BATC Manufacture of Glass GLS BREF BATC Tanning of Hides and Skins TAN BREF BATC Tanning of Hides and Skins TAN BREF BATC Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium CLM Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium CLM Oxide BREF BATC Oxide BREF BATC Production of Chlor-alkali CAK BREF BATC Production of Chlor-alkali CAK BREF BATC Production of Pulp, Paper and Board PP BREF BATC Production of Pulp, Paper and Board PP BREF BATC Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas REF BREF BATC Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas REF BREF BATC Wood-based Panels Production WBP BREF BATC Wood-based Panels Production WBP BREF BATC Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/ Management Systems in the CWW Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/ CWW Chemical Sector BREF BATC Management Systems in the Chemical Sector BREF BATC Non-ferrous Metals Industries NFM BREF BATC Non-ferrous Metals Industries NFM BREF BATC Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs IRPP BREF BATC Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs IRPP BREF BATC Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry LVOC BREF FD ( ) MR( ) Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry LVOC BREF FD ( ) MR( ) Large Combustion Plants LCP BREF BATC MR( ) Large Combustion Plants LCP BREF BATC MR( ) Common Waste Gas Treatment in the Chemical Sector WGC KoM for BREFer: Common Waste Gas Treatment in the Chemical Sector WGC KoM Adopted Reference Document (REFs) Code Documen Reference Document (REFs) Code Adopted Estimated review t Formal draft Miljøforum (*) Estimated review start Document Formal draft (*) start 9 Economics and Cross-media Effects ECM REF Economics and Cross-media Effects ECM REF Monitoring of emissions from IED-installations ROM REF Revised FD( ) Monitoring of emissions from IED-installations ROM REF Revised FD( )

10 Ferrous Metals Processing Industry FMP BREF MR( ) Ferrous Metals Processing Industry FMP BREF MR( ) Industrial Cooling Systems ICS BREF Industrial Cooling Systems ICS BREF Textiles Industry TXT BREF Textiles Industry TXT BREF Slaughterhouses and Animals By-products SA Slaughterhouses and Animals By-products Industries Utviklingstrekk SA BREF /2018 Industries BREF / Smitheries and Foundries Industry SF Smitheries and Foundries Industry SF BREF Emissions from Storage EFS Emissions from Storage EFS BREF Food, Drink and Milk Industries FDM D1( ) MR( ) Food, Drink and Milk Industries FDM BREF D1( ) MR( ) Manufacture for of Organic Fine BREFer: Chemicals OFC Manufacture of Organic Fine Chemicals OFC BREF Surface Treatment Of Metals and Plastics STM BREF Surface Treatment Of Metals and Plastics STM BREF Waste Incineration WI BREF D1( ) MR( ) Waste Incineration WI BREF D1( ) MR( ) Waste Treatment WT BREF D1( ) MR( ) Waste Treatment WT BREF D1( ) MR( ) Ceramic Manufacturing Industry CER BREF Ceramic Manufacturing Industry CER BREF Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers LVIC-AAF BREF Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Ammonia, Acids and Fertilisers LVIC-AAF BREF Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Solids and LVIC-S Large Volume Inorganic Chemicals Solids and LVIC-S Others Industry BREF Others Industry BREF Production of Polymers POL BREF Production of Polymers POL BREF Production of Speciality Inorganic Chemicals SIC BREF Production of Speciality Inorganic Chemicals SIC BREF Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents, (including Wood and Wood Products STS Surface Treatment Using Organic Solvents, (including Wood and Wood Products Preservation STS Preservation with Chemicals) BREF MR( ) with Chemicals) BREF MR( ) Energy Efficiency ENE BREF Energy Efficiency ENE BREF Industry EmissionsDirective Industry EmissionsDirective Iron and Steel Production IS BREF BATC Iron and Steel Production IS BREF BATC Manufacture of Glass GLS BREF BATC Manufacture of Glass GLS BREF BATC Tanning of Hides and Skins TAN BREF BATC Tanning of Hides and Skins TAN BREF BATC Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium CLM Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium CLM Oxide BREF BATC Oxide BREF BATC Production of Chlor-alkali CAK BREF BATC Production of Chlor-alkali CAK BREF BATC Production of Pulp, Paper and Board PP BREF BATC Production of Pulp, Paper and Board PP BREF BATC Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas REF BREF BATC Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas REF BREF BATC Wood-based Panels Production WBP BREF BATC Wood-based Panels Production WBP BREF BATC Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/ Management Systems in the CWW Common Waste Water and Waste Gas Treatment/ CWW Chemical Sector BREF BATC Management Systems in the Chemical Sector BREF BATC Non-ferrous Metals Industries NFM BREF BATC Non-ferrous Metals Industries NFM BREF BATC Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs IRPP BREF BATC Intensive Rearing of Poultry or Pigs IRPP BREF BATC Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry LVOC BREF FD ( ) MR( ) Large Volume Organic Chemical Industry LVOC BREF FD ( ) MR( ) Large Combustion Plants LCP BREF BATC MR( ) Large Combustion Plants LCP BREF BATC MR( ) Common Waste Gas Treatment in the Chemical Sector WGC KoM Common Waste Gas Treatment in the Chemical Sector WGC KoM Adopted Reference Document (REFs) Code Documen Reference Document (REFs) Code Adopted Estimated review t Formal draft Miljøforum (*) Estimated review start Document Formal draft (*) start10 Economics and Cross-media Effects ECM REF Economics and Cross-media Effects ECM REF Monitoring of emissions from IED-installations ROM REF Revised FD( ) Monitoring of emissions from IED-installations ROM REF Revised FD( )

11 Det integrerte perspektivet Er betydelig svekket med IED Har ikke blitt realisert i en rekke EU-land Cross-Media effects blir ikke respektert Uten godt skjønn, vil BAT-AEL-grenser kunne overkjøre tekniske sammenhenger og begrensninger mellom ulike miljøparametre Miljøforum

12 ERFARINGER

13 Normale driftsforhold IED Preamble 15 og artikkel 15.3: The competent authority shall set emission limit values that ensure that, under normal operating conditions, emissions do not exceed the emission levels associated with the best available techniques as laid down in the decisions on BAT conclusions referred to in Article 13(5) Miljøforum

14 Proporsjonalitet og driftsforhold Mange ulike kilder: Noen store, noen små Krav til driftssikkerhet og instrumentering må avpasses Normale driftsforhold: Driftsavbrudd, redundans og overvåking i store vs små kilder konsekvenser svært ulike Miljøforum

15 Noen U-normale driftsforhold Strømstans Instrumentsvikt Pumpe- / viftesvikt Hull i posefilter Oppstart og nedkjøring Ut-testing og feilsøking Følgevirkninger fra andre deler av et integrert anlegg Én time unormale forhold kan i verste fall tilsvare nær én ukes utslipp under normale forhold! Jo høyere renseeffekt, jo mer dramatiske utslag. Et døgns svikt i en liten kilde ( Nm3/t) kan utgjøre et kvarter på en stor kilde Miljøforum

16 Dagens grense støvutslipp Ny BATAEL-range (2-5) Miljøforum

17 Dagens grense støvutslipp Grenser der god drift gir brudd på tillatelsen kan ikke industrien leve med Ny BATAEL-range (2-5) Miljøforum

18 Spes. om støv - industristøv Ingen teknikker for å fjerne metaller fra smelteverksgasser (ex Hg). Posefiltre tar støv, men kan ikke skille ut enkeltmetaller => Uheldig å sette metallgrenser for støv. Evt. hvorfor bare for industri? => Evt. sette overvåkingskrav, ikke grense I et nylig eksempel satte Mdir en firedobbel innstramming på støv: Lavere enn laveste BAT-AEL Hensyntok ikke Normal Operating Conditions Avkortet ved å slå sammen kilder Avkorting ved å sette metallgrense for støv Frist satt et halvt år før konkurrenter Miljøforum

19 IEDs grensesetting og norsk praksis IED setter grenser per type utrustning, per enhet eks 2-5 mg støv/nm 3, samt en gjennomsnittstid, uten «loads» Norsk tradisjon opererer med loads: kg støv/ tidsenhet. Til dels med avkorting for flere sammenslåtte enheter En tilleggsbegrensning som ikke respekterer IEDs tankemåte Konkurransevridende. Andre land innfører nå «cut-off» for lave loads, også i årsrapportering. Industrien etterlyser lignende praksis i Norge «Null-utslipp» er ikke null utslipp men fravær av skadevirkninger Miljøforum

20 Null-utslipp, loads og måleteknikk TA Forventninger til industriens utslippskontroll: «Analyseresultater under deteksjonsgrensen for komponenter som det er sannsynlig å finne i bedriftens utslipp, skal angis som en verdi lik halve deteksjonsgrensen» Dette er åpenbart gal statistikk og hjelper ikke på «nullvisjonen» Miljøforum

21 Rett bruk av målegrenser: LOD/LOQ The figure illustrates the relationship between the blank, the limit of detection (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ) by showing the probability density function for normally distributed measurements at the blank, at the LOD defined as 3 * standard deviation of the blank, and at the LOQ defined as 10 * standard deviation of the blank. For a signal at the LOD, the alpha error (probability of false positive) is small (1 %). However, the beta error (probability of a false negative) is 50 % for a sample that has a concentration at the LOD (red line). LOD skal ikke brukes til kvantifisering, kun detektering This means a sample could contain an impurity at the LOD, but there is a 50 % chance that a measurement would give a result less than the LOD. At the LOQ (blue line), there is minimal chance of a false negative Miljøforum

22 Norsk IED-implementering: MDir velger å benytte Artikkel 14.4 allerede på de første sakene. Vi etterlyser retningslinjer for bruk av Art fra departementet Svekkelse av proporsjonalitetsprinsippet: «Gold-plating» Tilsidesettelse av «normale driftsforhold» Fristen i IED er Hvorfor frister før dette? Konkurrentland Trege saksbehandling gir redusert tid til ombygging. Investeringene i miljøforbedringer må ikke gå lenger enn det som er nødvendig for å oppnå målene. Ytterligere utslippsreduksjoner gir ikke nødvendigvis miljøforbedringer eller økte markedsmuligheter bare konkurransevridende Miljøforum

23 Blir konkurransen lik? Kompleksiteten har økt ulikhetene innen EU har heller økt Mange land har ulike forvaltningsnivå, og oppdelt sektoransvar Kulturforskjeller mellom Nord- og Sør-Europa endres ikke med lover Generelt tregt og vel fleksibelt i Sør-Europa Bokstavtro i AU, DE, NL, UK, DK, S, FI Norge synes å bli mer restriktivt Vil god forvaltningspraksis forsvinne? Realistiske kost-/nyttevurderinger Vurdering av miljømessig betydning / dimensjon Teknisk innsikt : Skille uhell, forstyrrelser og normale driftsforhold Uslippsreduksjon miljøforbedring Tidsfaktoren Det integrerte perspektivet Miljøforum

24 TAKK FOR OPPMERKSOMHETEN! Sverre Alhaug Høstmark, Fagsjef Ytre miljø, Norsk Industri - sverre@norskindustri.no