Compounding Altered- Release Pharmaceuticals

Transkript

1 Slide 1 Compounding Altered- Release Pharmaceuticals Part IV Loyd V. Allen, Jr., Ph.D.

2 Slide 2 Compounding Altered-Release Pharmaceuticals-Part Part IV Parenteral Miscellaneous Drug Examples that are Good Candidates Excipients Used For Altered-Release Pharmaceuticals Summary/Conclusions

3 Slide 3 Compounding Altered-Release Pharmaceuticals-Part Part IV Parenteral Internal External IV Drip IM Injection

4 Slide 4 Compounding Parenterals

5 Slide 5 Internal Factors Affecting Particle size Concentration Diffusion coefficients Partition coefficients Solubility

6 Slide 6 Internal Mechanism of Release Stability Equipment Required Materials/Matrices Preparation Methods

7 Slide 7 Hydromorphone 2% and Bupivacaine HCl 0.75% Intrathecal Injection, PF Hydromorphone HCl USP 2 g Bupivacaine HCl Usp 750 mg 0.9% Sodium chloride inj 42 ml Sterile water for injection qs 100 ml

8 Slide 8 Morphine sulfate 20 mg/ml and Clonidine HCl 10 ug/ml Epidural Injection Morphine sulfate 2 g Clonidine HCl 1 mg 0.9% Sodium chloride injection 69 ml Sterile water for injection qs 100 ml

9 Slide 9 IV Drip/Infusion Factors Affecting Concentration Diffusion coefficients Partition coefficients Solubility

10 Slide 10 IV Drip/Infusion Mechanism of Release Stability Equipment Required Materials/Matrices Preparation Methods

11 Slide 11 IM Injection Factors Affecting Particle size Concentration Diffusion coefficients Partition coefficients Solubility

12 Slide 12 IM Injection Mechanism of Release Stability Equipment Required Materials/Matrices Preparation Methods

13 Slide 13 Progesterone 100 mg/ml in Oil Injection Progesterone Benzyl benzoate Benzyl alcohol Sesame oil qs 10 g 10 ml 10 ml 100 ml

14 Slide 14 External Factors Affecting Particle size Concentration Diffusion coefficients Partition coefficients Solubility

15 Slide 15 External Mechanism of Release Stability Equipment Required Materials/Matrices Preparation Methods

16 Slide 16 Ambulatory Pumps

17 Slide 17 Ceftazidime 20 mg/ml for Ambulatory Infusion Pump Ceftazidime Sterile water for injection 0.9% Sodium chloride inj qs 2.5 g qs 125 ml

18 Slide 18 Compounding Altered-Release Pharmaceuticals Miscellaneous Soaking a membrane or gelatin in solution (casting) Cyclodextrins Implants Nanoparticles Resealed Erythrocytes Antibiotic Bone Cement Antibiotic Beads Implanted Self-Regulated Chelating Agents

19 Slide 19 Soaking A Membrane or Gelatin in Solution (Casting) Factors Affecting Particle size Concentration Diffusion coefficients Partition coefficients Solubility

20 Slide 20 Soaking A Membrane or Gelatin in Solution (Casting) Mechanism of Release Stability Equipment Required Materials/Matrices Preparation Methods Topical Application

21 Slide 21 Cyclodextrins Factors Affecting Particle size Concentration Diffusion coefficients Partition coefficients Solubility

22 Slide 22 Cyclodextrins Mechanism of Release Stability Equipment Required Materials/Matrices Preparation Methods

23 Slide 23

24 Slide 24

25 Slide 25 Implants Factors Affecting Particle size Concentration Diffusion coefficients Partition coefficients Solubility

26 Slide 26 Implants Mechanism of Release Stability Equipment Required Materials/Matrices (Mg Stearate, PLA, PGA, Silicone Polymers) Preparation Methods

27 Slide 27 Fibrin Glue Aprotinin Thrombin Calcium chloride 0.5 M sol 70,000 KIU 10,000 IU 2 ml

28 Slide 28 Nanoparticles Factors Affecting Particle size Concentration Diffusion coefficients Partition coefficients Solubility

29 Slide 29 Nanoparticles Mechanism of Release Stability Equipment Required Materials/Matrices Preparation Methods

30 Slide 30 Resealed Erythrocytes Factors Affecting Particle size Concentration Diffusion coefficients Partition coefficients Solubility

31 Slide 31 Resealed Erythrocytes Mechanism of Release Stability Equipment Required Materials/Matrices Preparation Methods

32 Slide 32 Resealed Erythrocytes Whole Blood Spin it down and remove the red blood cells Place in sterile hypotonic saline or water Add concentrated sterile solution of drug Readjust tonicity to isotonic Erythrocytes will reseal Administer to patient.last up to 3 weeks

33 Slide 33 Antibiotic Bone Cement Factors Affecting Particle size Concentration Diffusion coefficients Partition coefficients Solubility Mechanism of Release Stability Equipment Required Materials/Matrices (Palacos( Bone Cement + Drug) Preparation Methods

34 Slide 34 Tobramycin-Impregnated Polymethylmethacrylate Beads Tobramycin sulfate Palacos Bone Cement 40 g 1.2 g 0.25 inch beads contain approx 3.26 mg of tobramycin (as the sulfate)

35 Slide 35 Vancomycin 5 mg Sponge Disks Vancomycin HCl Sponge (collagen or gelatin) 5 mg qs

36 Slide 36 Compounding Altered-Release Pharmaceuticals Drug Examples That Are Good Candidates The lower the dose the better Lower solubility is better Short half-life life vs long half-life life Large therapeutic index

37 Slide 37 Drug Examples That Are Good Candidates Solubility Dose ADME-- --Duration of action Pharmacokinetics

38 Slide 38 Compounding Altered-Release Pharmaceuticals Summary/Conclusions YES, some are feasible No, some are not Quality Control is important Always monitor clinical response

39 Slide 39 A LOOK INTO THE NEAR FUTURE New Compounded Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) Next years

40 Slide 40 Future Trends Adhesive Site-Specific Specific DDS Antibody-Based DDS Biocompatible Microsphere DDS Biodegradable Polymers DDS Biologic-Based Based DDS Electromagnetic/Radiation-Activated DDS

41 Slide 41 Future Trends Immunomodulator DDS Implant-Enhanced DDS Microorganism-Containing Microcapsules Lipid Microcylinders Liposome Enhancements Living-Cell Therapies

42 Slide 42 Future Trends Magnetic System DDS Maze-Escape DDS Monoclonal Antibody DDS Novel Nasal DDS New Osmotic DDS Transmucosal DDS Polymer Drug Complex DDS

43 Slide 43 Future Trends Pulsatile DDS Respiratory DDS Self-Assembling Controlled Release DDS Programmed Skin Surface DDS

44 Slide 44