Authors: Ingunn Saur Modahl, Andreas Brekke and Hanne Lerche Raadal OR og Andreas Brekke ISBN: / Navn Navn

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1 Authors: Ingunn Saur Modahl, Andreas Brekke and Hanne Lerche Raadal OR og Andreas Brekke ISBN: / Navn Navn

2 Report no.: OR ISBN no.: Type of report: ISBN no.: Commissioned report ISSN no.: Report title: Authors: Ingunn Saur Modahl, Andreas Brekke and Hanne Lerche Raadal Project no: 1223 Project title: Life cycle assessment phase II, environmental impact assessment of the products from Borregaard Commissioner: Borregaard Industries Limited, Norway Commissioners reference: Tuva Barnholt Keywords: Availability: Number of pages incl. appendixes: 69 LCA Greenhouse gas account Wood conversion Bio refinery Open Approved: Date: 14 th of April, 2009 Project leader (Sign) Research leader (Sign) Copying with reference allowed

3 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND METHODOLOGY GENERAL LIMITATIONS OF LCA MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJECT GOAL, SYSTEM BOUNDARIES AND DATA GOAL OF THE ANALYSIS FUNCTIONAL UNIT SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM BOUNDARIES DATASET AND CONDITIONS About the datasets Collection of specific data for raw materials and chemicals Modelling of the infrastructure at Borregaard Choice of electricity model Transport to customer Changes compared to phase 1 of the project ALLOCATION QUALITY CONTROL RESULTS GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL (GWP) ACIDIFICATION POTENTIAL EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAL PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE CREATION POTENTIAL (POCP) OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL (ODP) CUMULATIVE ENERGY DEMAND (CED) WASTE OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT CATEGORIES SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES i

4 Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Aggregated results Data for emissions and water consumption Borregaard Masses and treatment of waste from Borregaard How to read the LCA network figure? LCA what, why and how? Environmental impact categories and potential effects ii

5 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 LCA = Life Cycle Assessment. Wikipedia: Introduction to LCA is presented in appendixes. 2 EPD = Environmental Product Declaration. Standardised (ISO 14025) method for presentation of LCA results. 1

6 1.2 METHODOLOGY International organisation for Standardisation; ISO 14044: Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Requirements and guidelines ISO 14048: Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Data documentation format 2

7 Table 1 Impact assessment methods used in this study 4 Environmental impact category Global warming potential (GWP) Acidification potential Eutrophication potential Impact assessment method CML 2 baseline 2000 v.2.04 and IPPC 2001 GWP 100a 5, V1.04 CML 2 baseline 2000, V2.04. CML 2 baseline 2000, V2.04. Unit Comment kg CO 2 -eqv. Corrected for new data for methane in 2005 (IPCC). Assuming steady state in biogenic systems (not considering uptake of CO 2 in biological systems, nor counting biogenic CO 2 when burning biological matter). kg SO 2 -eqv. kg PO 4-3 -eqv. Photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP): Ozone depletion potential Human and eco toxicity Resource consumption in the form of area consumption Resource use in the form of material consumption Resource consumption in the form of cumulative energy demand, several categories (CED) Waste (several categories) CML 2 baseline 2000, V2.04. CML 2 baseline 2000, V2.04. CML 2 baseline 2000, V2.04. CML 2001 (all impact categories), V2.04. kg C 2 H 4 -eqv (ethene/ ethyleneeqv.) kg CFC-11- eqv. kg 1.4- dichlorobenz ene-eqv. m 2 a has included emission factors for some groups of emissions (VOC, NMVOC, alkenes, aromatics and esters). The calculations are made according to the LCA-guide from the University of Leiden (Universiteit Leiden, 2005). The last update is from 26/4-05. Not included in this analysis. Not included in this analysis. - kg Not included in this analysis. CML 1992 V2.05 and Cumulative Energy Demand V1.05 by Ecoinvent EDIP/UMIP 97 V2.03 (waste). MJ LHV kg waste Developed by, based on own experience, EPD-guidelines and Norwegian regulations in addition to the given methods here. Developed by, based on own experience, EPD-guidelines and Norwegian regulations in addition to the given methods here. 4 5 An explanation of the environmental impact categories and potential effects is found in Appendix 6. Characterisation factors are found at the homepage of University of Leiden: Here you can find the CML-IA database, which can be downloaded free of charge (Universiteit Leiden, 2007). The global warming potential is based on a time horizon of 100 years. Gases have different lifetimes in the atmosphere, and hence models have been developed for different time horizons. A time horizon of 100 years is most commonly used. 3

8 1.3 GENERAL LIMITATIONS OF LCA MANAGEMENT OF THE PROJECT 6 See explanation of the different environmental impact categories in appendix. 4

9 5

10 2 GOAL, SYSTEM BOUNDARIES AND DATA 2.1 GOAL OF THE ANALYSIS 2.2 FUNCTIONAL UNIT The functional unit is 1 tonne product for cellulose, lignin and vanillin and 1 m 3 product for ethanol SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND SYSTEM BOUNDARIES 7 8 The product is called Ethanol (99%), the actual ethanol content is 99,9%. The analysis is performed on a dry basis, meaning that the analysis is done per tonne dry matter (DM) of the products. For ethanol this means that the environmental impacts are distributed only on the amount of ethanol in the product (water contents are 0,1% and 4%). 6

11 7

12 Raw materials The factories at Borregaard Sarpsborg Products Ethanol 96% Ethanol 99% Production and transport of raw materials and energy carriers Cellulose Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin 2.4 DATASET AND CONDITIONS About the datasets 8

13 2.4.2 Collection of specific data for raw materials and chemicals 9 SimaPro is developed and supplied by Pré in the Netherlands. 9

14 2.4.3 Modelling of the infrastructure at Borregaard 10

15 11

16 2.4.4 Choice of electricity model Transport to customer 12

17 Table 2 DM content in the Borregaard products Product Wet basis Content of Water content dry matter Dry basis Content of Water content dry matter Transport correction factor kg DM/kg product kg w ater/kg product kg DM/kg DM kg w ater/kg DM kg product/kg DM Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Table 3 Corrected transport distance and distribution on means of transportation Product Transport distance Corrected transport distance Distribution km km Ship Lorry Rail Cellulose % 40 % 5 % Ethanol (96%) % 5 % 85 % Ethanol (99%) % 5 % 85 % Lignin (liquid) % 15 % 5 % Lignin (powder) % 35 % 0 % Vanillin % 50 % 0 % Changes compared to phase 1 of the project 13

18 2.5 ALLOCATION 14

19 Table 4 Applied heat values and densities Heat value (LHV) Density Reference/comment Biological dry matter 6.8 GJ/fm3 0.4 tonnes/fm 3 SSB (2006) 17 GJ/tonnes - Calculated 4.7 MWh/tonnes - Calculated Ethanol 29.7 MJ/kg kg/l Wikipedia (2008a) 15

20 2.6 QUALITY CONTROL 16

21 kg CO 2 -eqv. 3 RESULTS 3.1 GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL (GWP) 1600 Global Warming potential (GWP) tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Transport of product to customer (100 km) Other internal processes at Borregaard + various Combustion of oil at Borregaard Combustion of waste at Borregaard Borregaard's own infrastructure Production and transport of timber, wood chips and chemicals Production and transport of energy carriers

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24 kg SO 2 -eqv. 3.2 ACIDIFICATION POTENTIAL 14 Acidification potential tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Transport of product to customer (100 km) Other internal processes at Borregaard + various Combustion of oil at Borregaard Combustion of waste at Borregaard Borregaard's own infrastructure Production and transport of timber, wood chips and chemicals Production and transport of energy carriers Vanillin 20

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28 kg PO 4-3 -eqv. 3.3 EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAL Eutrophication potential tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Transport of product to customer (100 km) Other internal processes at Borregaard + various Combustion of oil at Borregaard Combustion of waste at Borregaard Borregaard's own infrastructure Production and transport of timber, wood chips and chemicals Production and transport of energy carriers Vanillin 24

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31 kg C 2 H 4 -eqv. 3.4 PHOTOCHEMICAL OZONE CREATION POTENTIAL (POCP) Photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Transport of product to customer (100 km) Other internal processes at Borregaard + various Combustion of oil at Borregaard Combustion of waste at Borregaard Borregaard's own infrastructure Production and transport of timber, wood chips and chemicals Production and transport of energy carriers Vanillin 27

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36 kg CFC-11-eqv. 3.5 OZONE DEPLETION POTENTIAL (ODP) Ozone depletion potential (ODP) 1.2E E E E E E E+00 1 tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Transport of product to customer (100 km) 1.4E E E E E E-06 Other internal processes at Borregaard + various 6.7E E E E E E-06 Combustion of oil at Borregaard 0.0E E E E E E+00 Combustion of waste at Borregaard 1.3E E E E E E-06 Borregaard's own infrastructure 2.7E E E E E E-07 Production and transport of timber, wood chips and chemicals 1.3E E E E E E-05 Production and transport of energy carriers 6.7E E E E E E-05 Vanillin 32

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39 MJ LHV 3.6 CUMULATIVE ENERGY DEMAND (CED) 40,000 Cumulative energy demand (CED ) 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000-1 tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Energy from waste and other energy sources 5,753 1,479 3,627 2,154 4,388 5,549 Renewable energy 7,385 1,844 3,994 3,841 5,970 7,734 Nyclear power 6,531 1,588 3,036 4,006 6,150 7,786 Fossil energy 13,325 3,806 7,426 8,214 14,973 15,422 Vanillin 35

40 Fossil energy Nyclear power Renewable energy Energy from waste and other energy sources Fossil energy Nyclear power Renewable energy Energy from waste and other energy sources Fossil energy Nyclear power Renewable energy Energy from waste and other energy sources Fossil energy Nyclear power Renewable energy Energy from waste and other energy sources Fossil energy Nyclear power Renewable energy Energy from waste and other energy sources Fossil energy Nyclear power Renewable energy Energy from waste and other energy sources MJ LHV Cumulative energy demand (CED) 20,000 18,000 16,000 Transport of product to customer (100 km) Borregaard's own infrastructure Cradle-to-gate at Borregaard, excl. Borregaard's infrastructure 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin 36

41 Energy type Energy category MJ LHV per tonne Most important are of use cellulose Coal 3151 Production of electricity to Borregaard. Oil 7640 Combustion of oil at Borregaard. Fossil energy Fossil gas 2188 Production of electricity to Borregaard. Peat 345 Production of electricity to Borregaard. Sulphur 0 - Nuclear power Nuclear power 6531 Production of electricity to Borregaard. Biomass/biogas 3042 Combustion of (bio combustion) and alvamix (alva combustion) at Borregaard. Hydropower 4164 Production of electricity to Borregaard. Wind 0 - Renewable energy Solar 179 Production to electricity used for production of sodium hydroxide and salt that Borregaard purchases. Geothermal heat 0 - Wave 0 - Tide 0 - Waste and other Energy Combustion of waste oil and municipal waste at waste/recovered 5752 Borregaard. Undefined 0-37

42 kg waste 3.7 WASTE 90 Waste Solid and non-radioactive tonne 1 m3 1 m3 1 tonne 1 tonne 1 tonne Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Other waste Hazardous waste Waste to landfill Waste to incineration (without energy recovery) Waste to energy recovery Waste to material recycling

43 39

44 Waste to material recycling Waste to energy recovery Waste to incineration (without energy recovery) Waste to landfill Hazardous waste Other waste Waste to material recycling Waste to energy recovery Waste to incineration (without energy recovery) Waste to landfill Hazardous waste Other waste Waste to material recycling Waste to energy recovery Waste to incineration (without energy recovery) Waste to landfill Hazardous waste Other waste Waste to material recycling Waste to energy recovery Waste to incineration (without energy recovery) Waste to landfill Hazardous waste Other waste Waste to material recycling Waste to energy recovery Waste to incineration (without energy recovery) Waste to landfill Hazardous waste Other waste Waste to material recycling Waste to energy recovery Waste to incineration (without energy recovery) Waste to landfill Hazardous waste Other waste kg waste 70 Waste (solid and non-radioactive) 60 Transport of product to customer (100 km) Borregaard's own infrastructure Cradle-to-gate at Borregaard, excl. Borregaard's infrastructure Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin 40

45 3.8 Other environmental impact categories 41

46 4 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Table 6 Environmental burdens from cradle to gate 1) for Borregaard s products Environmental impact category Unit Cellulose 3) 1 tonne Ethanol 3) (96 %) 1 m 3 Ethanol 3) (99 %) 1 m 3 Lignin 3) (liquid) 1 tonne Lignin 3) (powder) 1 tonne Vanillin 3) 1 tonne Global warming potential (GWP) kg CO 2 -eqv. 1, ,227 1,343 Acidification potential kg SO 2 -eqv LCA = Life Cycle Assessment. See also: 11 International organisation for Standardisation; ISO 14044: Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Requirements and guidelines ISO 14048: Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Data documentation format 12 EPD = Environmental Product Declaration. Standardised (ISO 14025) method for presentation of LCA-results. See also: English). (in Norwegian) and (in 13 PCR = Product Category Rules. Common and harmonised calculation rules to ensure that similar procedures are used when creating EPDs. Groups of products usually differ in their inherent environmental performance requiring specific rules to the product group, so-called Product Category Rules (PCR) to be prepared. 42

47 Eutrophication potential kg PO eqv Photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP) kg C 2 H 4 -eqv Ozone depletion potential kg CFC-11-eqv. 8.9E E E E E E -5 Cumulative energy demand (CED) MJ LHV 33,000 8,700 18,100 18,200 31,500 36,500 Waste 2) kg waste ) Transport to customer is not included in this table. 2) Solid and non-radioactive. 3) On dry basis. For ethanol, this means that the burdens are not allocated the water content of the product. 43

48 Cumulative energy demand Waste Global warming potential Acidification potential Eutrophication potential Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Ozone depletion potential Photochemical ozone creation potential 44

49 Ozone depletion potential Photochemical ozone creation potential Eutrophication potential Acidification potential Global warming potential The life cycle phases' relative burden Production and transport of energy carriers Production and transport of timber, wood chips and chemicals Borregaard's own infrastructure Combustion of waste at Borregaard Combustion of oil at Borregaard Other internal processes at Borregaard + various Transport of product to customer (100 km) Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin Cellulose Ethanol (96%) Ethanol (99%) Lignin (liquid) Lignin (powder) Vanillin 0 % 10 % 20 % 30 % 40 % 50 % 60 % 70 % 80 % 90 % 100 % Figure 20 45

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51 5 REFERENCES Barnholt, T. (2008): Telephone correspondence (June 2008) and (25/6-08) with Tuva Barnholt, Brekke, A., Modahl, I.S. og Raadal, H.L.: Klima- og energiregnskap for etanol fra Borregaard. (Norwegian report, Greenhouse gas and energy account for ethanol from Borregaard), OR 17.08, (Østfoldforskning AS), September Brekke, A., Modahl, I.S. and Raadal, H.L.: Konkurrentanalyser for cellulose, etanol, lignin og vanillin fra Borregaard. (Norwegian report: Competitor analysis for cellulose, ethanol, lignin and vanillin from Borregaard.) Confidential. (Østfoldforskning AS) OR 11.09, March 2009 Ecoinvent 1.3/2.0 database; Environdec (2008): PCR for Chemical products, 2000:5. See also: (main page) and ( Chemical products ). ETH-ESU 96 database (2007): Data for 1 kg of mineral wool from the ETH-ESU 96 database found in Simapro software; Processes/Material/construction/Mineral wool ETH U. Frischknecht, R., Althaus, H.-J., Bauer, C., Doka, G., Heck, T., Jungbluth, N., Kellenberg, D. and Nemecek, T. (2007): The Environmental Relevance of Capital Goods in Life Cycle Assessments of Products and Services. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 12 LCA Special (1) 7-17 (2007). See abstract at: IPCC: ISO, International organisation for Standardisation; Kristiansen, T. (2008): correspondence (20-23/6-08) with Tore Kristiansen, tore.kristiansen@borregaard.com Modahl, I.S. and Raadal, H.L. (2008): Klimaregnskap for produkt frå Borregaard. Fase 1: Cellulose, etanol, lignin og vanillin. (Norwegian report: Greenhouse gas account for products from Borregaard. Phase 1: Cellulose, ethanol, lignin and vanillin.) (Østfoldforskning AS) OR (confidential). Modahl, I.S., Raadal, H.L. and Nyland, C.A. (2008): Life Cycle Assessment of Electricity, including Carbon Capture and Storage - A study of a Gas Power Plant with Post-Combustion CO2 Capture at Tjeldbergodden. Report from (Østfoldforskning) AR

52 Nordisk Miljømerking (2008): Svanemerking av drivstoff. Forslag til versjon 1.0. (Swan label (Nordic eco label) on fuels. Draft to version 1.0) PRé, The Netherlands; Rojahn, T. (2008): Telephone and correspondence with Trond Rojahn 6/6-08 and following correspondence 1/9-12/9 2008, SFT 96:16 (1996): Utslipp ved håndtering av kommunalt avfall. Authors: Jonas Sandgran, Aage Heie and Terje Sverud (Det Norske Veritas). (Norwegian report: Emission from handling of municipal solid waste.) Publisher: SFT (Norwegian Pollution Control Authority). TA-no 1366/1996. ISBN SimaPro, software tool for life cycle assessment; SSB (2006): Naturressurser og miljø (Norwegian report: Nature resources and the environment) ISBN (printed), Universiteit Leiden (2007): CML-IA - CML's impact assessment methods and characterisation factors. Universiteit Leiden (2005): Emission factors and national emissions found in LCA guide, part 2B, page 14-15, home page This is summarised in a file at under i:teamalle/lcagruppa/simapro/stø-metoder/karakterisering POCP samlekategorier.doc (last updated 26/4-2005). Veolia (2008): Grønt ansvar -report Rapport på vareadressenivå for fraksjon (pdf-file) (Norwegian report: Green responsibility, detailed data for each waste fraction) with explanations sent by Margrethe Mangen, phone: , 23/ Wergeland, P (2008): Meeting with Per Wergeland (Borregaard) at (Østfoldforskning AS) 19/6-08, and following telephone correspondence. Contact information: per.wergeland@borregaard.com, Phone Wikipedia (2008a): Wikipedia (2008b): 48

53 Cellulose, inkl. infrastruktur og fellesavfall - Borregaard Etanol (96%), inkl. infrastruktur og fellesavfall Borregaard Etanol (99%), inkl. infrastruktur og fellesavfallpå Borregaard Lignin (flytande), inkl. infrastruktur og fellesavfall - Borregaard Lignin (pulver), inkl. infrastruktur og fellesavfall - Borregaard Vanillin, inkl. infrastruktur og fellesavfall Borregaard APPENDIX 1: AGGREGATED RESULTS This appendix shows aggregated results for all the environmental impact categories that are included in the method of (Østfoldforskning Method LCA/EPD 2008 September v.3.00) SimaPro 7.1 Project Impact assessment Date: Time: 11:00:47 Borregaard klimaregnskap Title: Comparing processes Method: Østfoldforskning Method LCA/EPD 2008 September - B V3.00 / West Europe, 1995 Indicator: Characterization Skip categories: Never Relative mode: Non Impact category Unit global warming kg CO2 eq 1210,9 335,5 690,9 703,6 1226,6 1342,8 (GWP100) ozone layer depletion kg CFC-11 eq 8,86E-05 2,55E-05 5,16E-05 4,30E-05 1,07E-04 9,68E-05 (ODP) photochemical oxidation kg C2H4 0,704 0,236 0,412 0,419 0,690 0,758 acidification kg SO2 eq 11,261 3,794 6,489 7,087 10,355 11,698 eutrophication kg PO4--- eq 3,258 0,945 1,349 1,639 2,747 2,470 Ledig Ledig Energy coal (no MJ LHV 3142,66 759, , , , ,92 feedstock) Energy oil (no feedstock) MJ LHV 7517, , , , , ,60 49

54 Energy fossile gas (no MJ LHV 2176,62 622, , , , ,41 feedst) Energy peat (no MJ LHV 345,10 83,45 162,42 220,67 317,87 376,28 feedstock) Energy sulfur (no MJ LHV 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,02 0,02 feedstock) Energy nuclear (no MJ LHV 6521, , , , , ,90 feedstock) Energy biomass (no MJ LHV 3041,50 785, , , , ,32 feedstock) Energy hydropower MJ LHV 4162, , , , , ,26 (pond) Energy hp (river = tom) MJ LHV 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Energy wind MJ LHV 178,80 42,95 83,22 110,89 167,11 206,90 Energy solar MJ LHV 0,19 0,04 0,07 0,07 0,20 0,37 Energy geothermal MJ LHV Energy vawe (tom) MJ LHV Energy tide (tom) MJ LHV Ledig 3 MJ LHV Ledig 4 MJ LHV Energy waste/recovered MJ LHV 5752, , , , , ,60 (no fs) Energy undefined MJ LHV 0,17 0,04 0,08 0,11 0,15 0,18 Spent nuclear fuel (no fs) kg 0, , , , , , of which uranium (no kg 0, , , , , ,01389 fs) Waste to material kg 16,18 12,61 12,63 16,08 16,12 16,55 recycling Waste to energy kg 2,10 0,78 0,87 1,44 1,41 1,65 recovery Waste to incineration (no kg 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 ER) Waste to landfill kg 36,91 12,33 16,99 18,66 39,51 61,95 Waste, electronics kg 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Waste, hazardous kg 0,30 0,18 0,21 0,26 0,30 0,31 Ledig Waste, slags/ashes kg 0,73 0,18 0,37 0,29 0,90 0,63 Waste, bulk kg 0,64 0,22 0,35 0,42 0,58 0,62 Waste, water kg 11,09 2,68 5,22 7,09 10,21 12,09 Waste, radioact, LLW, m3 2,34E-05 5,64E-06 1,08E-05 1,43E-05 2,20E-05 2,79E-05 conditio Waste, radioact, HLW, m3 5,98E-06 1,44E-06 2,77E-06 3,66E-06 5,63E-06 7,13E-06 conditio Ledig CO2 emissions (fossile) kg 1156,82 321,21 663,06 671, , ,42 Ledig 11 kg Ledig 12 kg Ledig 13 kg CH4 emissions kg 1,64 0,43 0,81 1,04 1,72 2,03 N2O emissions kg 0,05 0,01 0,03 0,02 0,04 0,06 NOx emissions kg 3,45 1,10 2,09 2,13 3,17 3,62 SOx emissions kg 7,92 2,70 4,53 5,00 7,26 8,20 VOC emissions kg 0,40 0,14 0,25 0,21 0,44 0,42 CO emissions kg 0,86 0,29 0,50 0,46 0,88 1,10 Dioxin emissions to air kg 5,95E-09 1,54E-09 3,76E-09 2,21E-09 3,93E-09 5,78E-09 PAH emissions to air kg 0, , , , , ,

55 Cr, Cd, Hg and Pb to air kg 0, , , , , , Ledig 15 kg Ledig Ledig COD kg 100,581 32,900 42,030 55,497 86,238 76,318 N-tot kg 0,654 0,082 0,157 0,151 0,386 0,330 P-tot kg 0,095 0,012 0,023 0,021 0,080 0,046 Ledig Ledig Dioxin emissions to kg 2,91E-08 7,50E-09 1,86E-08 1,04E-08 1,85E-08 2,78E-08 water PAH emissions to water kg 5,82E-05 1,71E-05 3,62E-05 2,62E-05 6,95E-05 6,02E-05 VOC emissions to water kg 0,0035 0,0010 0,0022 0,0016 0,0042 0,0037 Cr, Cd, Hg and Pb to kg 2,0630 0,1867 0,4495 0,3855 1,3696 5,0706 water Ledig Ledig Water res.: turbine water kg Water res.: river flow kg (tom) Water res.: cooling water kg Water res.: process kg water Water res.: other types kg Water res.: unspecidfied kg Ledig Ledig Land use m Ledig Ledig Ledig All resources (- kg wa/air/energy) Ledig Ledig Ledig Ledig All res.: coal feedstock kg 0, , , , , ,18281 All res.: oil feedstock kg 0, , , , , ,01895 All res.: fossile gas kg 0, , , , , ,00043 feedstock All res.: peat feedstock kg (tom) All res.: sulfur feedstock kg All res.: uranium fstock kg (tom) All res.: biomass kg feedstock Ledig Ledig Ledig All res.: recycled paper kg All res.: recycled other kg fiber Ledig All res.: recycled steel- kg

56 iron All res.: recycled kg aluminium All res.: recycled copper kg All res.: recycled zinc kg (tom) All res.: recycled other kg metal Ledig All res.: recycled glass kg All res.: recycled plastics kg All res.: recycled others kg 8,73E-06 2,11E-06 4,11E-06 5,58E-06 8,04E-06 9,52E-06 Ledig All res.: chrom kg 0,308 0,141 0,160 0,193 0,284 0,359 All res.: nickel kg 0,649 0,339 0,386 0,467 0,673 0,919 All res.: iron kg 8,169 2,629 3,940 4,143 8,733 12,676 All res.: aluminium kg 0,311 0,069 0,116 0,132 0,692 0,410 All res.: copper kg 0,127 0,022 0,039 0,040 0,142 0,273 All res.: zinc kg 0,039 0,008 0,013 0,013 0,044 0,082 All res.: silicone kg All res.: manganese kg 0,0143 0,0045 0,0068 0,0072 0,0157 0,0222 All res.: magnesium kg 3,7E-06 8,3E-07 1,4E-06 1,7E-06 4,0E-06 6,7E-06 Ledig Ledig All res.: kg 88,8 65,9 75,1 86,6 112,6 85,1 calcium/limestone All res.: minerals, sand, kg 275,2 73,7 108,4 113,3 242,1 487,5 rock Ledig 44, Ledig ledig Ledig Miljøkostnader kr Norge_utenGWP -----Nytt for Borregaard PCR: All res: coal feedstock MJ 4,43 1,07 2,08 2,83 4,08 4,83 All res: oil feedstock MJ 0,71 0,17 0,34 0,46 0,66 0,78 All res: fossile gas MJ 0,02 0,00 0,01 0,01 0,01 0,02 feedstock All res: peat feedstock MJ (tom) All res: sulfur feedstock MJ All res: uranium fstock MJ (tom) All res: biomass feedstock MJ

57 APPENDIX 2: DATA FOR EMISSIONS AND WATER CONSUMPTION AT BORREGAARD Data supplied from Lena Ulvan, Borregaard. (in Norwegian) Utslipp fra Borregaard 2007 Årsverdiar basert på oversendte døgn- og timesverdiar frå Borregaard Fabrikk Utslipp til vann KOF BOF S-TS AOX Cu Toluen AUORG Hg Na-salter som Na Tot P Tot N SO2 prosess Utslipp til luft SO2 Støv NOX CO2 totalt Vannforbruk tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år kg/år kg/år tonn/år tonn/år kg/år tonn/år kg/år kg/år tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år tonn/år Opsund/Renseriet , Kokeri ,6 9,6 0, Blekeri ,3 54,3 0, Etanol ,8 22,8 0, Lignin (tørr) ,9 0,9 14, Lignin (flytende) 19,3 1,2 4, ,0 0,9 0, Spraytørka (tørr) 41,8 2, ,0 42,9 38, Spraytørka (flytende) ,0 42,9 0, Vanillin , Farma , Kloralkali , , Biorenseanlegg, 30% til fellesbelastning ,4 44,4 0, Biorenseanlegg, 70% til bleikeriet ,6 103,6 0, Biokjel ,0 5,3 7, Barkkjel ,0 11,7 2, Fyrhus/oljekjeler ,0 297,0 18, Sum Fiber As, Cd, Cu Utslipp merket blått er fra forbrenning Biokjel - utslipp til luft og Cr Omrekningsfaktorar 365 døgn/år 24 timer/døgn HF mg/nm tonn cellulose/år HCl mg/nm3 Cd+Tl mg/nm3 30 % av biorenseanlegg skal belastast felles Hg mg/nm3 70 % av biorenseanlegg skal belastast bleikeriet Andre metaller mg/nm3 Dioksiner ng/nm3 TOC mg/nm3 CO mg/nm3 53

58 Utslipp fra Borregaard 2007 Fabrikk Utslipp til vann Utslipp til luft Vannforbruk Na-salter SO2 SO2 KOF BOF S-TS AOX Cu Toluen AUORG Hg Tot P Tot N Støv NOX CO2 som Na prosess totalt t/d t/d t/d kg/tad kg/d tonn/år t/d kg/år tonn/d kg/d kg/d kg/h kg/h kg/h kg/h tonn/år tonn/år Opsund/Renseriet 0,2 0,04 0,2 0, Kokeri 16,6 5,5 0,6 2,1 12 1,1 1, Blekeri 33,2 4,3 2,3 0,6 4,8 37 6,2 6, Etanol 9,5 0,7 1,2 11 2,6 2, Lignin (tørr) 6,5 0,4 1,5 8,3 40 0,1 0,1 1, Lignin (flytende) 0,1 0,0 0,0 0,1 0 0, Spraytørka (tørr) 0,1 0,01 0,0 0 4,9 4, Spraytørka (flytende) 2,1 0,1 0,3 4 4, Vanillin 2,8 0, , Farma 2,3 0,1 0, Kloralkali 4,0 0, Biorenseanlegg 1,8 39, ,9 16, Biokjel 0,7 40 0,6 0, Barkkjel 1,3 0, Fyrhus/oljekjeler 33,9 2, Sum ,4 0, ,0 0, , Fiber kg/tonn As, Cd, Cu produsert og Cr Utslipp merket blått er fra forbrenning masse = cellulose Biokjel - utslipp til luft HF mg/nm3 0,026 HCl mg/nm3 0,01 Cd+Tl mg/nm3 0,0007 Hg mg/nm3 0,001 Andre metaller mg/nm3 0,004 Dioksiner ng/nm3 6E-05 TOC mg/nm3 2,8 CO mg/nm3 21,5 54

59 APPENDIX 3: MASSES AND TREATMENT OF WASTE FROM BORREGAARD 55

60 Ekstern behandling Intern avfallsbehandling Opprinneleg Vareadresse Varetekst, %kg, kg, kr, ant kg, fakturert kg Adresse Materialgjenvinning Energiutnytting Deponi Farleg avfall Anna (inkl. forbrenning utan energiutnytting) Materialgjenvinning internt Energiutnytting internt Deponi internt rekkefølge kg/år kg/år kg/år kg/år kg/år 171 Barkforbrenning A rene masser - blandet 1% Bioforbrenning (bark) Barkforbrenning A gips 5% Bioforbrenning (bark) Barkforbrenning A aske fra fyringsanlegg, ren 95% Bioforbrenning (bark) Bioforbrenning (bark) Cell 3 Blekeri A101 - avfall 71% Bleikeriet (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell 3 Blekeri A grus 12% Bleikeriet (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell 3 Blekeri B treverk - blandet 9% Bleikeriet (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell 3 Blekeri P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 1% Bleikeriet (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell 3 Blekeri R102 - blandet kontorpapir 2% Bleikeriet (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell 3 Blekeri R302 - bølgepapp 5% Bleikeriet (Cellulosefabrikken) Bleikeriet (Cellulosefabrikken) Etanolfabrikken A101 - avfall 1% Etanolfabrikken Etanolfabrikken A grus 2% Etanolfabrikken Etanolfabrikken A gips 96% Etanolfabrikken Etanolfabrikken B treverk - blandet 1% Etanolfabrikken Etanolfabrikken P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 0% Etanolfabrikken Etanolfabrikken R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% Etanolfabrikken Etanolfabrikken R302 - bølgepapp 0% Etanolfabrikken Etanolfabrikken Melløs Kontor A101 - avfall 0% Felles Hovedgården A101 - avfall 10% Felles Forskningsbygg Syd A101 - avfall 26% Felles C-port A101 - avfall 3% Felles Sentralverksted A101 - avfall 37% Felles Stjernebygg A101 - avfall 45% Felles Helseavdelingen A101 - avfall 45% Felles Storkontrollrom A101 - avfall 46% Felles Melløs Lagerhus A101 - avfall 6% Felles Tappestasjon A101 - avfall 60% Felles Melløs Spiselokale A101 - avfall 65% Felles Bilavdelingen A101 - avfall 66% Felles Utleiegarderobe/Attf A101 - avfall 66% Felles HMS-avdelingen A101 - avfall 69% Felles Kantina A101 - avfall 71% Felles B-port A101 - avfall 73% Felles Sentrallager A101 - avfall 8% Felles Kontor 5 A101 - avfall 81% Felles Vannverket A101 - avfall 82% Felles Poval A101 - avfall 88% Felles Forskningsbygg PilotA101 - avfall 91% Felles Melløs Kjemikai A101 - avfall 92% Felles Renseanlegget A101 - avfall 94% Felles Storkontrollrom A grus 26% Felles Sentralverksted A stein ren 5% Felles Sentralverksted A rene masser - blandet 23% Felles Melløs Kontor A rene masser - blandet 59% Felles C-port A gips 94% Felles Storkontrollrom B ren flis 4% Felles Bilavdelingen B treverk - blandet 100% Felles Poval B treverk - blandet 11% Felles Vannverket B treverk - blandet 17% Felles Sentralverksted B treverk - blandet 22% Felles Storkontrollrom B treverk - blandet 22% Felles Melløs Spiselokale B treverk - blandet 26% Felles Utleiegarderobe/Attf B treverk - blandet 31% Felles Tappestasjon B treverk - blandet 38% Felles Melløs Kontor B treverk - blandet 40% Felles Spraytørka B treverk - blandet 53% Felles Hovedgården B treverk - blandet 76% Felles Sentrallager B treverk - blandet 78% Felles Forskningsbygg Syd B treverk - blandet 8% Felles Melløs Kjemikai B treverk - blandet 8% Felles Melløs Lagerhus B treverk - blandet 92% Felles Bilavdelingen D010F - personbildekk på felg 0% Felles B-port Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 2% Felles Bilavdelingen P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 0% 10 0 Felles Kontor 5 P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 0% 10 0 Felles Forskningsbygg PilotP Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 0% 10 0 Felles Storkontrollrom P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 0% Felles Sentralverksted P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 0% Felles Stjernebygg P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 0% 60 0 Felles Tappestasjon P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 1% Felles Kantina P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 1% Felles Forskningsbygg Syd P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 1% Felles HMS-avdelingen P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 1% 45 0 Felles Melløs Lagerhus P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 1% Felles C-port P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 2% Felles Sentrallager P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 2% Felles Renseanlegget P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 3% Felles Forskningsbygg Syd P Flasker/kanner/brett (blandet) 1% Felles Bilavdelingen R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% Felles Vannverket R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% Felles Melløs Kontor R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% Felles Kantina R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% Felles Storkontrollrom R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% Felles Utleiegarderobe/Attf R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% Felles Tappestasjon R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% Felles C-port R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% Felles Renseanlegget R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% Felles Kontor 5 R102 - blandet kontorpapir 12% Felles Forskningsbygg Syd R102 - blandet kontorpapir 12% Felles Hovedgården R102 - blandet kontorpapir 13% Felles HMS-avdelingen R102 - blandet kontorpapir 15% Felles Forskningsbygg PilotR102 - blandet kontorpapir 2% Felles

61 B-port R102 - blandet kontorpapir 24% Felles Stjernebygg R102 - blandet kontorpapir 36% Felles Sentralverksted R102 - blandet kontorpapir 4% Felles Helseavdelingen R102 - blandet kontorpapir 52% Felles Melløs Spiselokale R102 - blandet kontorpapir 7% Felles Sentrallager R102 - blandet kontorpapir 8% Felles Stjernebygg R102M - sams kontorpapir 9% Felles C-port R302 - bølgepapp 0% Felles Bilavdelingen R302 - bølgepapp 0% Felles Melløs Kontor R302 - bølgepapp 0% Felles Hovedgården R302 - bølgepapp 0% Felles Melløs Lagerhus R302 - bølgepapp 1% Felles B-port R302 - bølgepapp 1% Felles Tappestasjon R302 - bølgepapp 1% Felles Poval R302 - bølgepapp 1% Felles Storkontrollrom R302 - bølgepapp 1% Felles Sentralverksted R302 - bølgepapp 10% Felles IT-avdelingen R302 - bølgepapp 100% Felles Kantina R302 - bølgepapp 11% Felles HMS-avdelingen R302 - bølgepapp 15% Felles Melløs Spiselokale R302 - bølgepapp 2% Felles Renseanlegget R302 - bølgepapp 3% Felles Sentrallager R302 - bølgepapp 3% Felles Utleiegarderobe/Attf R302 - bølgepapp 3% Felles Helseavdelingen R302 - bølgepapp 3% Felles Forskningsbygg PilotR302 - bølgepapp 6% Felles Kontor 5 R302 - bølgepapp 7% Felles Forskningsbygg Syd R302 - bølgepapp 8% Felles Stjernebygg R302 - bølgepapp 9% Felles Bilavdelingen S7011A ref.olje, flytende - småkolli 1% Felles Bilavdelingen S7011B ref.olje, flytende - fat 10% Felles Miljøstasjon S7012A ikke ref.olje, flytende - småkolli 159 2% Felles Miljøstasjon S7012B ikke ref.olje, flytende - fat 113% Felles Forskningsbygg Syd S7012B ikke ref.olje, flytende - fat 1139% Felles Bilavdelingen S7012B ikke ref.olje, flytende - fat 77% Felles Bilavdelingen S7012C ikke ref.olje, flytende - IBC 34% Felles Bilavdelingen S7021B olje-/fettavf., fast - fat 0% Felles Bilavdelingen S7022A oljeforur.masse, fast - småkolli 6621% Felles Forskningsbygg Syd S7022B oljeforur.masse, fast - fat 2% Felles Miljøstasjon S7022B oljeforur.masse, fast - fat 22% Felles Bilavdelingen S7022B oljeforur.masse, fast - fat 3% Felles Bilavdelingen S7022C oljeforur.masse, fast - IBC 0% Felles Bilavdelingen S7023D bl.drivstoff - småkolli 0% Felles Bilavdelingen S7024B oljefilter - fat 0% Felles Bilavdelingen S7041A org.løsem m/halogen, flyt.-småkolli 456 0% Felles Miljøstasjon S7041A org.løsem m/halogen, flyt.-småkolli 198 2% Felles Bilavdelingen S7042A org.løsem u/halogen, flyt.-småkolli 394 0% Felles Miljøstasjon S7042A org.løsem u/halogen, flyt.-småkolli 202 2% Felles Bilavdelingen S7042B org.løsem u/halogen, flytende 617- fat 1% Felles Bilavdelingen S7042C org.løsem u/halogen, flytende 722- IBC 1% Felles Bilavdelingen S7042L frostvæske - fat 0% Felles Bilavdelingen S7051A maling, småkolli 0% Felles Miljøstasjon S7051A maling, småkolli 1% Felles Miljøstasjon S7055A spraybokser - småkolli 0% Felles Bilavdelingen S7055A spraybokser - småkolli 0% Felles Bilavdelingen S7081J KOF-avfall 0% Felles Bilavdelingen S7091A uorganiske salter, fast - småkolli % Felles Miljøstasjon S7091A uorganiske salter, fast - småkolli % Felles Bilavdelingen S7092B blybatterier, >200kg 1% Felles Miljøstasjon S7092B blybatterier, >200kg 10% Felles Bilavdelingen S7093A småbatterier - småkolli 0% Felles Miljøstasjon S7133A rengj.midl., fast - småkolli 3% Felles Forskningsbygg Syd S7152A org.avf, fast - småkolli 1% Felles Bilavdelingen S7152C org.avf, fast - IBC 2% Felles Bilavdelingen S7152J lab.kjemikalier, usorterte-småkolli 477 0% Felles Forskningsbygg Syd S7152J lab.kjemikalier, usorterte-småkolli 570 2% Felles Miljøstasjon S7152J lab.kjemikalier, usorterte-småkolli 305 3% Felles Kantina V150K - matavfall 17% Felles Bilavdelingen X Rull m 10 stk plastsekker - 240l (blank) 3 0% 3 0 Felles Felles Fyrhus A101 - avfall 88% Fyrhus Fyrhus B treverk - blandet 8% Fyrhus Fyrhus R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% Fyrhus Fyrhus R302 - bølgepapp 3% Fyrhus Fyrhus Pharma Lager A101 - avfall 31% Ikkje med Kraftstasjon A101 - avfall 37% Ikkje med BFC A101 - avfall 53% Ikkje med BFC A101 - avfall 83% Ikkje med BFC 07 A101 - avfall 84% Ikkje med BFC A aske fra fyringsanlegg, ren 12% Ikkje med BFC B treverk - blandet 23% Ikkje med Kraftstasjon B treverk - blandet 49% Ikkje med Pharma Lager B treverk - blandet 50% Ikkje med BFC P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 0% 15 0 Ikkje med BFC 07 P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 1% 30 0 Ikkje med BFC P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 1% Ikkje med Kraftstasjon P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 1% 97 0 Ikkje med Pharma Lager P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 13% Ikkje med BFC R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% Ikkje med BFC R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% Ikkje med Pharma Lager R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% Ikkje med Kraftstasjon R102 - blandet kontorpapir 5% Ikkje med BFC 07 R102 - blandet kontorpapir 6% Ikkje med BFC R102M - sams kontorpapir 1% Ikkje med BFC R302 - bølgepapp 15% Ikkje med Pharma Lager R302 - bølgepapp 5% Ikkje med BFC R302 - bølgepapp 7% Ikkje med Kraftstasjon R302 - bølgepapp 9% Ikkje med

62 BFC 07 R302 - bølgepapp 9% Ikkje med BFC S7135E basisk org.avf., flytende-småkolli % Ikkje med BFC S7152A org.avf, fast - småkolli 1% Ikkje med BFC S7152J lab.kjemikalier, usorterte-småkolli 72 0% Ikkje med Ikkje med Klorfabrikken A101 - avfall 67% Kloralkalifabrikken Klorfabrikken B treverk - blandet 23% Kloralkalifabrikken Klorfabrikken P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 2% Kloralkalifabrikken Klorfabrikken R102 - blandet kontorpapir 2% Kloralkalifabrikken Klorfabrikken R302 - bølgepapp 6% Kloralkalifabrikken Kloralkalifabrikken Syrehus A101 - avfall 1% Kokeriet Kokeriet A101 - avfall 40% Kokeriet Kokeriet A grus 14% Kokeriet Syrehus A grus 91% Kokeriet Kokeriet A stein ren 6% Kokeriet Syrehus A stein ren 6% Kokeriet Syrehus A rene masser - blandet 0% Kokeriet Kokeriet A rene masser - blandet 5% Kokeriet Syrehus A gips 2% Kokeriet Kokeriet A støvavfall 8% Kokeriet Kokeriet B ren flis 14% Kokeriet Syrehus B treverk - blandet 0% Kokeriet Kokeriet B treverk - blandet 12% Kokeriet Kokeriet P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 0% Kokeriet Kokeriet R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% Kokeriet Syrehus R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% Kokeriet Syrehus R302 - bølgepapp 0% Kokeriet Kokeriet R302 - bølgepapp 1% Kokeriet Kokeriet Spraytørka A101 - avfall 39% Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) Spraytørka P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 34% Ligninfabrikken 0 (pulver og flytande) Spraytørka R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) Spraytørka R302 - bølgepapp 3% Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) Ligningfabrikken A101 - avfall 72% Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) Ligningfabrikken B treverk - blandet 12% Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) Ligningfabrikken P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 16% Ligninfabrikken 0 (pulver og flytande) Ligningfabrikken R102 - blandet kontorpapir 5% Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) Ligningfabrikken R302 - bølgepapp 4% Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) Ligninfabrikken (pulver og flytande) Fordeler etter produsert 43 % Prodmengde Ligninfabrikken (pulver) tonn/år mengde 57 % Prodmengde Ligninfabrikken (flytande) tonn/år Opsund Målekontoret A101 - avfall 58% Renseriet Opsund Verksted A101 - avfall 81% Renseriet Opsundrenseriet A101 - avfall 89% Renseriet Opsundrenseriet P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 0% 10 0 Renseriet Opsund Målekontoret P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 0% 10 0 Renseriet Opsund Verksted P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 1% 30 0 Renseriet Opsundrenseriet R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% Renseriet Opsund Målekontoret R102 - blandet kontorpapir 30% Renseriet Opsund Verksted R102 - blandet kontorpapir 8% Renseriet Opsundrenseriet R302 - bølgepapp 10% Renseriet Opsund Målekontoret R302 - bølgepapp 11% Renseriet Opsund Verksted R302 - bølgepapp 9% Renseriet Renseriet Cell Tørkemaskin A101 - avfall 19% Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell 3 Lager A101 - avfall 56% Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell Tørkemaskin A gips 6% Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell Tørkemaskin B treverk - blandet 10% Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell 3 Lager B treverk - blandet 40% Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell Tørkemaskin P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 0% Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell 3 Lager P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 2% Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell 3 Lager R102 - blandet kontorpapir 0% Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell Tørkemaskin R102 - blandet kontorpapir 1% Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell Tørkemaskin R107 - cellulose 52% Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell 3 Lager R302 - bølgepapp 1% Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) Cell Tørkemaskin R302 - bølgepapp 12% Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) Tørke (Cellulosefabrikken) Vanillin Bunn A101 - avfall 45% Vanillinfabrikken Vanillin Topp A101 - avfall 60% Vanillinfabrikken Vanillin Bunn B treverk - blandet 100% Vanillinfabrikken Vanillin Topp P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 318% Vanillinfabrikken Vanillin Bunn P Grp. B folie farget > 10% energi 18% Vanillinfabrikken Vanillin Topp R102 - blandet kontorpapir 6% Vanillinfabrikken Vanillin Topp R302 - bølgepapp 16% Vanillinfabrikken Vanillin Bunn R302 - bølgepapp 47% Vanillinfabrikken Vanillin Topp Topp X Rull m 10 stk plastsekker - 240l 2(blank) 0% 2 0 Vanillinfabrikken Vanillinfabrikken Sum totalt Sum i Veoilia-rapport Avvik 0,0005 % Sum ekstern behandling % Ikkje tatt med pga Pharma, BFC, kraftstasjon Med i analysen, til ekstern behandling % 58

63 APPENDIX 4: HOW TO READ THE LCA NETWORK FIGURE The figure underneath is an illustration and has nothing to do with Borregaard. The figure shows the global warming potential for production of 1 kg of mineral wool (ETH-ESU 96 database, 2007). The figures use the Norwegian decimal system. The total global warming potential for producing 1 kg mineral wool is 1,59 kg CO 2 -eqv. The raw material contribution is 0,6639 kg CO 2 -eqv. (see below). The rest is due to emissions in the production process itself. The width of the arrows illustrate the environmental burden connected to each process/material. The raw materials for producing mineral wool are: coal cokes, electricity, phenol and cement. The global warming potential connected to the raw material input for mineral wool are: 0, , , ,315 = 0,6639 kg CO 2 -eqv. Amount of coal (from underground mine) The global warming potential connected to this amount of coal (CO 2 -eqv. ) How to read the LCA network figure. The figure show the global warming potential for production of 1 kg mineral wool (ETH-ESU 96 database, 2007). 59