mi;ksfxrk ¼r`f"Vxq.k½ fo'ys"k.k vksj mihkkssdrk lurqyu dk fu/kkzj.k (UTILITY ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION OF CONSUMER s EQUILIBRIUM ) DDE Programme Class: B.A.-I Dr. M.P. Mathur Directorate of Distance Education Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra Subject: Economics Lesson: 5
mi;ksfxrk ¼r`f"Vxq.k½ fo'ys"k.k vksj mihkkssdrk lurqyu dk fu/kkzj.k (UTILITY ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION OF CONSUMER'S EQUILIBRIUM ) Hkwfedk (Introduction) vfkz'kkl= esa lurqyu],d vkn'kz flfkfr dks O;Dr djrk gs] vksj,d mihkksdrk dk ;gh y{; gksrk gsa bl flfkfr dks izkir dj ysus ij flfkfr esa ifjorzu dh dksbz izo`fr ugha gksrha ;g,slh volfkk gs] ftlesa mihkksdrk dks vf/kdre lurqf"v izkir gksrh gsa blh fy, mihkksdrk blesa fdlh izdkj dk ifjorzu ugha djuk pkgrka ;g /;ku esa j[kus dh ckr gs fd tc mihkksdrk viuh lurqf"v dks vf/kdre djrk gs] rks gekjh dyiuk gs fd og dsoy vkffkzd inkfkz (Economic goods) gh mihkksx djrk gsa dksbz Hkh olrq tks rqf"vxq.k iznku djrh gs og bl fo'ys"k.k esa vkffkzd inkfkz dgykrh gsa
ifjhkk"kk (Definition),d mihkksdrk rc lurqyu esa gksrk gs] tc og vius oklrfod O;ogkj dks orzeku ifjflfkfr;ksa esa lokszùe ekurk gs] vksj tc rd ifjflfkfr;ksa esa ifjorzu u gks] mlesa dksbz ifjorzu ugha djuk pkgrk& izks- VkbZoj flvksokldh mihkksdrk lurqyu mihkksdrk ekax dh og flfkfr gs] ftldks og Js"Bre~ le>rk gs vksj ftlesa ifjorzu djuk ugh pkgrk& Mk- ek'kzy vr%,d,slh flfkfr ftlesa mihkksdrk viuh lhfer vk; dks,d ;k,d ls vf/kd olrqvksa ij O;; djds vf/kdre lurqf"v izkir dj jgk gks] og mihkksdrk dk lurqyu dgykrk gs A
eku;rk,a (Assumptions) mihkksdrk foosd'khy gs (Consumer is Rational) mi;ksfxrk ¼rqf"Vxq.k½ dk x.kukokpd eki gks ldrk gs (Utility is Measurable in numbers) mihkksdrk dh vk; rfkk olrqvksa dh dhersa flfkj jgrh gs (Income of the consumer and prices of the goods remain constant) izr;sd olrq dh mi;ksfxrk LorU= gksrh gs (Utility of each commodity is independent) eqnzk dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk flfkj jgrh gs (Marginal utility of money remains constant) olrq dh lhkh bdkbz;k le:i gksrh gs vksj olrq dk fohkktu gks ldrk gs (All units of commodity are homogeneous and commodities are divisible) mihkksdrk dh :fp rfkk QS'ku esa dksbz ifjorzu ugha gksrk (No change in the tastes and habits of the consumer) mihkksdrk dks cktkj dk iw.kz Kku gksrk gs (Consumer has perfect knowledge of the market) mihkksdrk,d fglkch fdle (Calculating nature) dk O;fDr gksrk gs
mi;ksfxrk ¼rqf"Vxq.k½ fo'ys"k.k }kjk mihkksdrk lurqyu dk fu/kkzj.k (Determination of consumer's equilibrium through utility analysis) rqf"vxq.k fo'ys"k.k }kjk mihkksdrk ds lurqyu dk fu/kkzj.k fueu rhu ifjflfkfr;ks a esa fd;k tk ldrk gs A,d olrq ftldk,d gh iz;ksx gks (One commodity with single uses),d olrq ftlds vusd iz;ksx gks (One commodity with several uses) vusd olrq,a (Several commodities),d olrq ftldk dsoy,d gh iz;ksx gks (One commodity with single use) tc mihkksdrk,d olrq ftldk dsoy,d gh iz;ksx gs dk mihkksx djuk pkgrk gs] rks og ml flfkfr esa lurqyu dh volfkk esa gksxk tc olrq dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk vksj mlds fy, nh tkus okyh dher cjkcj gks tk, A MU x P x ;gka MU x, olrq x dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk n'kkzrh gs rfkk, olrq x dh dher dks n'kkzrh gs A P x
rkfydk&1%,d olrq ftldk dsoy,d gh iz;ksx (One Commodity with Single Use) X olrq dh bdkbz;ka 1 3 X olrq dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk (MUX) :i;ksa esa 6 X olrq dh dher (P x ) :- esa MU x >P x MU x = P x consumer's quilibrium 5 MU x < P x
lhekur mi;ksfxrk dher js[kkfp=% 1 }kjk Li"Vdj.k Y 6 E B Loss Px = Mux M 0 1 3 5 X MUX olrq X dh ek=k MUx lhekur mi;ksfxrk oø Px olrq dh dher js[kk MU rfkk dher js[kk Px,d nwljs dks E fcunq ij dkvrs gs E fcunq ij olrq dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk rfkk X olrq dh dher,d nwljs ds cjkcj gs MUx = Px (MUx=] Px=) E fcunq mihkksdrk ds lurqyu dks n'kkzrk gs
,d olrq ftlds vusd iz;ksx gks (Single commodity with several uses) tc,d olrq ds vusd iz;ksx gksrs gs] rks mihkksdrk fofhkuu mi;ksxksa eas mldk cvaokjk djuk pkgrk gs A og lurqyu dh flfkfr esa rc gksxk] tc ml olrq dks fofhkuu mi;ksxksa esa bl izdkj ckvsa dh izr;sd iz;ksx dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk cjkcj gks A iz;ksx A }kjk lhekur mi;ksfxrk ¾ iz;ksx B dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk (MU of use A) (MU of use B) rkfydk& }kjk Li"Vhdj.k rkfydk&,d olrq ftlds vusd iz;ksx gksrs gs (Single commodity with several uses) olrq X dh ek=k 1 3 5 iz;ksx 'A' dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk MU of use A 6 iz;ksx 'B' dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk MU of use B 6 1 0
lhekur mi;ksfxrk / dher Y M js[kkfp=% }kjk Li"Vhdj.k P M 6 Q MUX R Px L Loss U Gain U 0 M N S T olrq X dh ek=k mihkksdr iz;ksx A ds fy, olrq X dh ON ek=k vksj iz;ksx B ds fy, olrq X dh OS ek=k mi;ksx esa ykrk gs A nksuksa iz;ksxksa esa olrq X dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk (NQ=RS),d nwljs ds cjkcj gsa ;g mihkksdrk ds lurqyu dh flfkfr gs A ;gka mihkksdrk dh lurqf"v vf/kdre gs A vu; fodyi esa mihkksdrk dks gkfu gksxh tslk fd js[kkfp= ds Nk;knkj {ks=ksa ls Kkr gksrk gs A
fofhk= olrq, (Several commodities) ;g mihkksdrk lurqyu dh rhljh volfkk gsa tc mihkksdrk ds lkeus cgqr dh olrq,a gksrh gs] rks mldk O;ogkj nks ckrksa ls izhkkfor gksrk gs (i) olrqvks a dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk (ii) olrqvksadh dhers A mihkksdrk fdlh olrq dh mruh ek=k [kjhnuk pkgsxk] ftl ij O;; dh tkus okyh eqnzk dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk] [kjhnh tkus okyh olrq dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk ds cjkcj gksxha,d olrq ij O;; dh tkus okyh eqnzk dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk dks ml olrq dh,d bdkbz ls izkir lhekur mi;ksfxrk dks mldh dher ls fohkkftr djds izkir fd;k tk ldrk gs A - MU x MU x P x mihkksdrk viuh vk; dks fofhkuu olrqvksa ij bl izdkj O;; djsxk fd fofhkuu olrqvksa ls izkir lhekur mi;ksfxrk rfkk mudh dherksa ds vuqikr es a lekurk gks A - MU MU y MU P x x P y P n n ¼;g mihkkssdrk ds lurqyu dh volfkk gs½
rkfydk&3 mihkksdrk lurqyu fofhkuu olrq,a (Consumer's Equilibrium several commodities) eqnzk dh ek=k ¼:- esa½ 1 3 5 X olrq dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk 1 16 1 1 Y olrq dh lhekur mi;ksfxrk MUX=MUY = 1 ;fn mihkksdrk rhu :i;s olrq X vksj nks :i;s olrq Y ij [kpz djrk gs A MUX lurqyu dh volfkk esa olrqvksa ds lhekur rqf"vxq.k dk vuqikr MUY mudh dherksa ds vuqikr ds PX cjkcj gksuk pkfg, A ;g mijksdr rkfydk 3 ls PY Li"V gksrk gs A 16 1 1
lhekur mi;ksfxrk / dher mihkksdrk lurqyu&fofhkuu olrq,a Consumer Equilibrium-Several Commodities bl volfkk dks js[kkfp= 3 dh lgk;rk ls n'kkz;k x;k gs A X Marginal Utility Curve Y 1 1 16 1 E 16 1 1 1 MUY MUX 6 6 0 1 3 5 Quantity of X js[kkfp= ls Li"V gsrk gs fd mihkksdrk E fcunq ij lurqyu esa gksxk A E fcunq ij mihkksdrk olrq X dh 3 bdkbz;ka rfkk olrq Y dh bdkbz;ka [kjhn dj vf/kdre rqf"vxq.k izkir dj jgk gs A E fcunq ij MUX = MUY = 1] ;gh mihkksdrk dk lurqyu fcunq gs A
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