REVIEW OF BUSINESS SUPPORT MATERIAL OF CLASS XI ( ) Members Who Reviewed Support Material

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1 REVIEW OF BUSINESS SUPPORT MATERIAL OF CLASS XI ( ) Members Who Reviewed Support Material Sl. No. Name Designation School 1. Ms. Alka Bhayana Vice Principal ASMS SKV Mahipalpur Delhi Tel.: (off) Mob : Ms. Geeta Srivastava PGT G.Co. Ed. Sr. Sec. School (Commerce) Sec 5, R.K. Puram, New Delhi-22 Tel (Off) Mob Ms. Neelam Kumari PGT SKV Ghitorni (Commerce) New Delhi Tel (Off) Mob Mr. N. K. Yadav PGT GBSSS Mahipalpur (Commerce) New Delhi Tel (Off) Mob :

2 SYLLABUS One Paper Marx. Marks : 100 Units Periods Marks Part A : Foundation of Business 1. Nature and Purpose of Business Forms of Business Organisations Public, Private and Global Enterprises Business Services Emerging Modes of Business Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics Part B : Finance and Trade 7. Source of business finance Small Business Internal Trade Project Work Part C : Project A Part : Foundation of Business (Period 104) Unit 1 : Nature and purpose of business; 20 Periods * Concept and characteristics of business * Business, Profession and employment - distinctive features. * Objectives of business - economic and social, role of profit in business * Classification of business activities : Industry and Commerce. * Industry - type : primary, secondary, tertiary. * Commerce - trade : types (internal, externa, wholesale and retail; and auxiliaries to trade : banking, insurance, trasportation, warehousing, communication, and advertising. 2

3 * Business risks - nature and causes. Unit 2 : Forms of Business Organization (Periods 24) * Sole Proprietorship - meaning, features, merits and limitations. * Partnership - Features, types, merits and limitations of partnership and partners, registration of a partnership firm, partnership deed, type of partners. * Hindu Undivided Family Business : Features. * Cooperative Societies - features, types, merits and limitations. * Company : Private and public company - features, merits and limitations. * Formation of a company - stages. * Starting a business - basic factors. Unit 3 : Public, Private & Global Enterprises (Periods 20) * Private sector and public sector enterprises. * Forms of Public sector enterprises : features, merits and limitations of departmental undertaking, statutory corporation and Government Company. * Changing role of public sector enterprises. * Global enterprises, Joint Ventures, Public Partnership - features. Unit 4 : Business Services (Periods 18) * Banking : types of bank accounts - saving, current, recurring, fixed deposit and multiple option deposit account. * Banking services with particular reference to issue of bank draft, banker s cheque (Pay order), RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement), NEFT (National Electronic Funds Transfer), bank ooverdraft, cash credits and e-banking. * Insurance : principles, concept of life, health, fire and marine insurance. * Postal and telecom services : mail (UPC, registered post, parcel, speed post and courier) Unit 5 : Emerging Modes of Business (Periods 10) * E-Business - scope and benefits, resources required for successful e- business implementation, online transaction, payment mechanism, security and safety of business transactions 3

4 * Outsourcing - concept, need and scope of BPO (Business process outsourcing) and KOP (knowledge process outsourcing). Unit 6 : Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics (Periods 12) * Concept of social responsibility * Case for social responsibility * Responsibility towards owners, investors, consumers, employees, government and community. * Environment protection and business * Business ethics and elements. Part B : Finance and Trade (Periods 104) Unit 7 : Source of business finance (Periods 28) *Concept of business finance. * Owner s funds - equity shares, preference shares, GDR, ADR & IDR and retained earnings. * Borrowed funds - debentures and bonds loan from financial institutions, loans from commercial banks, public deposits, trade credit, ICD (inter corporate deposits). Unit 8 : Small Business (Periods 14) * Small scale enterprise as defined by MSMED Act 2006 (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act). * Role of Small business in India with special reference to Rural Areas * Government schemes and agencies for small scale industries : NSIC (National Small Industries Corporation) and DIC (District Industrial Center) with special reference to rural, backward & hilly areas. Unit 9 : International Trade (Period 28) * Services rendered by a wholesaler and a retailer * Types of retail trade - itinerant and small scale fixed shops * Large scale retailers - departmental stores, chain stores, mail order business * Concept of automatic vending machine 4

5 * Chambers of Commerce and Industry : Basic functions * Main documents used in internal trade : Performa invoice, invoice, debit note, credit note, LR (Lorry Receipt) and RR (Railway Receipt * Terms of trade : COD (Cash on Delivery), FOB (Free on Board,) CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight), E&OE (Errors and Omissions Excepted) Unit 10 : International (Period 12) * Concept and problems of international trade * Export import procedure and documents. * Role of WTO 5

6 SYLLABUS One Paper Max. Marks. : 100 Units Marks 1. Nature and Purpose of Business Forms of Business organisation Public, Private and Global Enterprises Business Services 10 5 Emerging Mode of Business Social Responsibility and Business Ethics Sources of Business Finance Small Business Internal Trade International Business Project work 100 6

7 vkffkzd vksj xsj vkffkzd fø;k,a lhkh O;fDr;ksa dh fofhkuu izdkj dh vko';drk,a gksrh gsa bu vko';drvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, ekuo dks fofhkuu fø;kvksa }kjk /ku dekuk im+rk gsa ekuoh; fø;kvksa dks nks Hkkxksa esa ckavk x;k gsa vkffkzd vksj xsj vkffkzd fø;k,a%& vk/kkj vkffkzd fø;k,a xsj&vkffkzd fø;k,a vfkz vkffkzd fø;k, vukffkzd fø;k, thfodksiktzu ds mís'; izse] lgkuqhkwfr] Hkkoukvks] ls dh tkrh gs ns'khkfdr vkfn ls izsfjr gksrh gs mís'; os fø;k,a ftudk eq[; bu fø;kvksa dk mís'; mís'; /ku dekuk ykhk o /ku dekuk gksrk gsa ugh gksrk vfirq ;s lkekftd Lusg o Hkkoukvksa dh vkre larqf"v ds fy, dh tkrh gsa mnkgj.k yksxks dk dkj[kksuksa esa dke,d xzg.kh dk vius ifjokj djuk ds fy, [kkuk cuuk,d v/;kid }kjk fo ky;,d v/;kid }kjk?kj esa i<+kuk ij vius cppksa dks i<+kuk O;olk; dk vfkz O;olk; ds varxzr og vkffkzd fø;k,a vkrh gsa tks olrqvksa,oa lsokvksa ds foø; vfkok fofue;] mriknu,oa forj.k ls lacaf/kr gsa rkfd ykskxsa dh vko';drkvksa dks larq"v djds vk; vfkok ykhk dek;k tk ldsa O;olk; dh fo'ks"krk,a v/;k; 1 O;olk; dh izd`fr,oa mís'; 1- vkffkzd fø;k %& O;olk;,d izdkj dh vkffkzd fø;k gs tks /ku vfkok vkthfodk dekus ds fy, dh tkrh gsa 7

8 2- mriknu,oa forj.k%& O;olk; esa os lhkh fø;k,a lfeefyr gs rks olrqvksa,oa lsokvksa ds mriknu vfkok forj.k ls lacaf/kr gksrh gsa 3- olrqvksa,oa lsokvksa dk ysu&nsu%& O;olk; ds fy, olrqvksa,oa lsokvksa dk ysu&nsu vfrvko';dr gsa ftu olrqvksa dk fuekz.k fd;k x;k gs vfkok os Ø; djds izkir dh xbz gs mugsa cspuk O;olk; dk lkj gsa 4- fu;fer ysus&nsu%& O;olk; esa olrqvksa o lsokvksa dk Ø;&foØ; fu;fr ;k ckj&ckj gksuk pkfg,a ;fn,slk ugh gsa rks og O;olk; ugha dgykrka 5- ykhk dekus dk mís';%& izr;sd O;olk; dk mís'; ykhk dekuk gksrk gs fdlh Hkh O;okl; dk dk;e jguk mldh ykhk dekus dh ;ksx;rk ij fuhkzj djrk gsa 6- vfuf'prrk%& O;olk; djus ls ykhk gksxk vfkok gkfu bl laca/k esa vfuf'prrk jgrh gsa 7- tksf[ke dk rro%& lhkh O;kolkf;d fø;kvksa esa dqn tksf[ke o vfuf'prrk dk rro jgrk gsa ;s tksf[ke gm+rky] vkx] pksjh] mihkksdrkvksa dh :fp esa cnyko br;kfn ls lacaf/kr gks ldrs gsa O;olk;] is'kk rfkk jkstxkj esa rqyuk vkffkzd fø;k,a O;olk; is'kk jkstxkj O;kikj esfmdy Jfed enyh idm+uk dkuwuh izca/kd ifjogu pkvzm,dkmuvsuv~l lsylesu O;olk;%& blesa olrqvksa,oa lsokvksa dk mriknu /ku dekus ds mís'; ls fd;k tkrk gsa is'kk%&tc,d O;fdr fof'k"v Kku izkir djds lekt dks viuh lsok,a nsrk gs rfkk cnys esa is'ksoj Qhl izkir djrk gsa jkstxkj%& ;g,d,slh vkffkzd fø;k gs ftlesa,d O;fDr nwljksa ds fy, dk;z djrk gsa vksj cnys esa etnwjh] osru ;k ikfjjfed izkir djrk gsa vk/kkj O;olk; is'kk jkstxkj 1- izkjahk O;olk; fu.kz; }kjk lacaf/kr vf/kdkfj;ksa blesa fu;qfdr i= ;k dksbz dkuwuh dk;zokgh ls izek.k i= ysdj izkir djuk im+rk gsa iwjh djds 'kq: fd;k tkrk gsa izkajhk fd;k tkrk gs 8

9 2- dk;z dh blesa olrqvksa,oa lsokvksa viuh fof'k"v lsokvksa tks dke ekfyd izd`fr dk mriknu o nsy&nsu vkrk gsa dks O;fDrvksa dks iznku lksi ns ogh iwjk djuk djuk 3- ;ksx;rk,a blesa fdlh vksipkfjd vksipkfjd ;ksx;rk dk ekfyd }kjk tks ;ksx;rk dk gksuk t:jh ugh gksuk t:jh gs ;ksx;rk,a fu/kkzfjr dh gs tk,a 4- ykhk vfkok blesa ykhk izkir gksrk gs is'ksoj Qhl izkir gksrh gs et+nwjh ;k osru ikfjjfed vkfn izkir gksrk gsa 5- iawth fuos'k O;olk; ds vkdkj,oa dk;kzy; dh LFkkiuk iwath dh vko';drk Lo:i ds vuqlkj iawth fy, lhfer iawth dh ugh gksrha dh vko';drk gksrh gs vko';drka 6- tksf[ke vf/kd gksrk gsa de gksrk gsa ugha gksrk gsa 7- vkpkj lafgrk ugha gksrh gsa vkpkj lafgrk dk Lokeh }kjk cuk, x, ikyu djuk gksrk gsa fu;e egroiw.kz gksrs gsa O;olk; ds mís';%& O;olk; ds mís'; ls vfhkizk; ml iz;kstu ls gs ftlds O;olk; dh LFkkiuk djh tkrh gs o mls pyk;k tkrk gsa lgh mís'; dk pquko O;olk; dh lqyrk ds fy, vfuok;z gsa O;olk; ds mís'; cgqvk;keh gsaa bugsa eq[;r% nks oxksz esa fohkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gs (1) vkffkzd mís'; (2) lkekftd mís'; 1- vkffkzd mís'; O;olk; ds vkffkzd mís'; fueufyf[kr gs%& (v) ykhk dekuk & vk; ds O; ij vf/kd; dks ykhk dgrs gsaa ykhk dekuk O;olk; dk,d egroiw.kz gsa ;g dsoy O;olk; ds thfor jgus ds fy, gh vko';dr ugh gsa vfirq mlds fodkl vksj folrkj ds fy, Hkh vko';d gsa (c) xzkgdks dk l`tu & O;olk; dk nwljk vkffkzd mís'; xzkgdksa dk l`tu djuk gsa ;g rhkh lahko gsa tc O;olk; mfpr olrqvksa o lsokvksa dks iznku djds mudh vko';drkvksa dks larq"v djsa vfkkzr~ xzkgdksa dk l`tu o mudh larqf"v O;olk; dk egroiw.kz mís'; gsa (l) uo izozru & uo izorzu ls vfhkizk; dqn u;k djus ls gs tsls u, mrikn dk fuekz.k] iqjkus mrikn ds mi;ksx ds u, rjhds cukuk] mriknu rfkk foi.ku ds rjhdksa esa lq/kkj djuk] u, cktkj dh [kkst djuk] br;kfna vkt ds izfr;ksfxrk iw.kz le; esa O;olk; dh lqyrk esa uoizorzu vfuok;z gsa 9

10 (n) lk/kuksa dk vuqdwyre mi;ksx & O;olk; esa euq";] e'khuksa o lkexzh ds iz;ksx dh vko';drk gksrh gs ftugsa nqyzhk lk/ku ekuk tkrk gsa izr;sd O;olk; ls ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gs fd og bu lk/kuksa dk Js"Bre mi;ksx djsxka 2- lkekftd mís'; O;olk;] lekt dk vfhkuu vax gsa og lekt ds lk/kuksa dk iz;ksx djrk gsa lekt ds lnl;ksa dks olrqvksa o lsok,a cspdj ykhk dekrk gs] blfy, ;g mldk nkf;ro cu tkrk gs fd og lekt ds fy, dqn djsa O;olk; ds egroiw.kz lkekftd mís';d fueufyf[kr gsa (1) mfpr nkeksa ij vpnh fdle dh olrq,a miyc/k djkuk & O;olk; dk izfke lkekftd mís'; mihkksdrkvksa dks yxkrkj mpp fdle dh olrq,a] i;kzir ek=k esa rfkk mfpr ewy; ij miyc/k djkuk gsa (2) mfpr O;kikfjd dk;zokfg;ksa dks viukuk & O;olk; dks lnso tsls&tek[kksjh] dkykcktkjh] vkfn ls cpuk pkfg,a bls Hkzke fokkiu rfkk udyh eky cspus tslh vuqfpr O;kikfjd dk;zokfg;ksa esa Hkh lfyir ugh gksuk pkfg,a (3) jkstxkj ds volj isnk djuk & izr;sd O;olk; dks lekt ds fy, jkstxkj ds ux volj isnk djus ds fy, viuh fø;kvksa dk folrkj djuk pkfg,a blesa fodykax ykskxsa dk fo'ks"k /;ku j[kuk pkfg,a (4) dezpkkjh dy;k.k & o:olk; dks vius dezpkkfj;ksa ds dy;k.k dks c<+kok nsuk pkfg,a mfpr etwnjh iznku djus ds vykok] O;olk; dks vius dezpkfj;ksa ds dke djus dks vpnh n'kkvksa] dsavhu lqfo/kk] vkokl] ifjogu,oa fpfdrlk lqfo/kkvksa dk Hkh izcu/k djuk pkfg,a (5) lekt ds fodkl esa ;ksxnku & O;olk; ftl lektesa tue ysrk gs vksj Qyrk&Qwyrk gs mlds fodkl esa mls fuf'pr :i esa dqn ;ksxnku nsuk pkfg,a iqlrkdy;] fpfdrlky;] 'ksf{k.kd lalfkk vkfn LFkkfir djds og vius bl mís'; dks iwjk dj ldrk gsa O;olk; esa ykhk dh Hkwfedk O;olk; dh LFkkiuk ykhk dekus ds mís'; ls djh tkrh gsa O;olk; esa bldh vge Hkwfedk gs ftls fueufyf[kr rf;ksa ls le>k tk ldrk gs%& (1) yecs le; rd thfor jgus ds fy, & ykhk gh O;olk; dks yecs le; rd pyrs jgus esa lgk;d gksrk gsa ykhk ds vhkko esa O;olk; dh LFkkiuk dk vksfpr; gh lekir gks tkrk gsa (2) O;olk; ds fodkl vksj folrkj ds fy,%& lhkh O;olk;h vius O;olk; dk fodkl vksj folrkj djuk pkgrs gsa blds fy, mugsa vfrfjdr iw th dh vko';drk gksrh gsa lafpr 10

11 ykhk] iwath dk,d vpnk L=ksr gsa ftl O;olk; esa ftruk vf/kd ykhk gksrk gs mruk gh vf/kd ykhksa dk iqu% fofu;ksx lahko gksrk gs vksj ifj.kker% mo O;olk; dk mruk gh vf/kd fodkl vksj folrkj dh lahkkouk,sa gksrh gsa (3) dq'kyrk o`f¼ ds fy, & ykhk og 'kfdr gs tks ekfyd o dezpkjh & nksuksa dks gh vpnk dke djus ds fy, izsfjr djrh gsa vpns ykhk dh ifjflfkfr esa gh dezpkjh dks csgrj osru rfkk ekfyd dks T;knk ykhk feyus dh lahkkouk gksrh gsa vr% blls O;olk; dh dq'kyrk esa o`f¼ gksrh gsa (4) izfr"bk o igpku cukus ds fy,%& lekt esa O;olk; dh izfr"bk o igpku cukus ds fy,] O;olk;h dks lhkh lacaf/kr i{kdkjksa dks larq"v djuk gksrk gsa blds fy, mls xzkgdksa dks mfpr dher ij vpnh fdle dh olrq,a lsok,a miyc/k djkuh gksaxh] dezpkkjh oxz dks mfpr ikfjjfed nsuk gksxk] va'k/kkfj;ksa dks i;kzir ykhkkax'k nsuk gksxka rfkk bu lc dk;ksz dsa fy, mfpr ykhk dh vko';drk gksrh gsa O;olkf;d fø;kvksa dk oxhzdj.k m ksx okf.kt; izkfkfed xks.k lsok O;kikj O;kikj ds lgk;d fu"d".kz tufud fuekz>k jpukred ns'kh & Fkksd & QqVdj fons'kh & vk;kr & fu;kzr & iqu % fu;kzr ifjogu Hk.Mkj.k csfdax chek fokkiu 11

12 m ksx dk vfkz os lelr fø;k, ftuds ek/;e ls dpps eky dks rs;kj eky esa ifjofrzr fd;k tkrk gs rfkk os lsok, tks O;olk; dks fuckz/k xfr ls pykus esa enn djrh gs m ksx dgykrh gsa tslk fd fp= esa fn[kk;k x;k gs m ksxksa dks ge nks Hkkxksa esa ckavrs gs 1- izkfkfed m ksx %& izkfkfed m ksx esa os fø;k,a vkrh gs ftuds }kjk izkd`frd lalk/kuksa dk iz;ksx djds vu; m ksxksa ds fy, dppk eky miyc/k fd;k tkrk gsa izkd`frd m ksx nks izdkj ds gksrs gsa (v) fu"d"kz.k m ksx%& buesa os m ksx lfeefyr fd;s tkrs gs tks i`foh ;k i`foh ds ry ;k leqæ ry ls fofhkuu izdkj ds inkfkz fudkyus ls laca/k j[krs gs tsls d`f"k] [kkuksa ls fofhkuu inkfkz fudkyuk br;kfna (c) tufud m ksx%& buesa oulifr,oa i'kqvksa dh fof'k"v ulyksa esa lq/kkj,o mudh la[;k dks c<+k;k tkrk gsa tsls i'kqikyu] eqxhz ikyu] ckxokuh vkfna 2- f}rh;d ;k xks.k m ksx%& bu m ksxksa esa izkfkfed m ksxksa ls tks inkfkz izkir fd;s tkrs gsa mudks ubz olrqvksa dk fuekz.k djus ds fy, blrseky fd;k tkrk gsa tsls dikl izkfkfed m ksx dh fø;k gs vksj mlls dim+k xks.k m ksx dha xks.k m ksx nks izdkj ds gksrs gs& (1) fuekz.kh m ksx%& ;s m ksx dpps eky dks idds eky esa ifjofrzr djrs gsa tsls xuus ls phuh fuekz.kh m ksx dks iqu% pkj Hkkxksa esa ckavk tk ldrk gsa (i) fo'ys"k.kkred & blds vurxzr,d olrq ls vusd izkdj dh olrqvksa dk mriknu fd;k tkrk gsa tsls dpps rsy ls isvªksy] Mhty vkfna (ii) izfof/kd & blds varxzr os m ksx vkrs gs ftuesa dpps eky dks fofhkuu mriknu izfø;k ls fudkydj mi;ksxh olrq,a rs;kj dh tkrh gs tsls dpps yksgs ls blikra (iii) lfeej.k m ksx & blds varxzr vusd dpps inkfkksz dks feykdj,d u;k mi;ksxh inkfkz rs;kj fd;k tkrk gsa tsls pwuk] irfkj] ftile o dks;ys dks feykdj lhesav rs;kj djuk] lkcqu] mozjd vkfna (iv) la;ksx m ksx & blesa fofhkuu m ksxksa }kjk fufezr iqtksz dks tksm+dj ubz & ubz mi;ksxh olrqvksa dk fuekz.k fd;k tkrk gs tsls?kfm+;k] Vsfyfotu dei;wvj vkfna 2- jpukred m ksx%& bu m ksxksa esa nwljs m ksxksa }kjk mrikfnr olrqvksa dk iz;ksx djds jpukred dk;z fd;s tkrs gs tsls & lhesav] yksgk] bzv] ydm+h br;kfn dk blrseky djds Hkou] lm+ds] cka/k iqy vkfn cuk;s tkrs gsa 12

13 3- r`rh;d vfkok lsok {ks=%& bu m ksxks esa mu lsokvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gs tks O;olk; dks fu;fer xfr ls pyus esa lgk;rk djrh gs tsls & ;krk;kr] csad] chek] fokkiu] laxzg.k vkfna okf.kt; dk FkZ,oa dk;z%& okf.kt; mu lhkh fø;kvksa dk lewg gs tks olrqvksa,oa lsokvksa dks mrikndksa ls mihkksdrkvksa rd igqapkus ls lacaf/kr gsa mriknd rfkk mihkksdrk dh olrq fofue; laca/kh lhkh dfbukb;k okf.kt; }kjk nwj dh tkrh gsa okf.kt; ds dk;z fueufyf[kr gs%& (1) O;fDr;ksa ls lacaf/kr ck/kk dks nwj djuk%& mrikndksa o mihkksdrkvksa ds chp ;g ck/kk nwj djus ds fy, Fkksd O;kikjh] QqVdj O;kikjh o,tsavks vkfn dks lfeefyr fd;k tkrk gsa (2) LFkku laca/kh ck/kk dks nwj djuk& ifjogu ds fofhkuu lk/kuksa }kjk nwj fd;k tkrk gsa (3) le; laca/kh ck/kk nwj djuk & HkaMkjxzg ;k laxzgu ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gsa (4) foùk dh ck/kk dks nwj djuk & csad vfkok foùkh; lalfkkvksa }kj gy dh tkrh gs (5) tksf[kr dh ck/kk dks nsj djuk & chek dh lgk;rk ls dh tkrh gs (6) lwpuk dh ck/kk dks nwj djuk & fokkiu }kjk mihkksdrkvksa ds Kku dh ck/kk dks nwj fd;k tkr ldrk gsa O;kikj dk vfkz,oa izdkj%& tc olrqvksa vksj lsokvksa dk Ø;&foØ; ykhk dekus ds mís'; ls fd;k tkrk gs rks bls O;kikj dgk tkrk gsa O;kikj nks izdkj dk gksrk gs& (1) ns'kh O;kikj%& bl O;kikj esa ns'k dh lhekvksa ds vanj gh olrqvksa dk Ø;&foØ; fd;k tkrk gsa ns'kh O;kikj dks nks Hkkxksa esa ckav ldrs gs%& (v) Fkksd O;kikj%& ;g fof'k"v izdkj dh olrqvksa dks vf/kd ek=k esa Ø;,oa foø; djus ls lacaf/kr gsa (c) QqVdj O;kikj %& QqVdj O;kikjh olrqvksa dk Ø&foØ; FkksM+h ek=k esa djrk gs vksj xzkgdks dks FkksM+h ek=k esa udn o m/kkj csprk gsa (2) fons'kh O;kikj%& ;g O;kikj nks ;k nks ls vf/kd ns'kksa ds chp fd;k tkrk gsa fons'kh O;kikj ds izdkj fueufyf[kr gs%& (1) vk;kr O;kikj % tc,s ns'k dk O;kikjh nwljs ns'k ds O;kikjh ls eky Ø; djrk gsa (2) fu;kzr O;kikj % tc eky,s ns'k ds O;kikjh }kjk nwljs ns'k ds O;kikfj;ksa dks cspk tkrk gs rc eky cspus okys O;kikjh ds ns'k ds fy, fu;kzr O;kikj dgyk;sxka 13

14 (3) iqu% fu;kzr O;kikj % tc,d ns'k }kjk eky fdlh vu; ns'k ls vk;kr djds fdlh rhljs ns'k dks fu;kzr dj fn;k tkrk gsa mnkgj.k ds fy, tsls Hkkjrh; QeZ us Jhyadk ls lkeku eaxokdj usiky dks fu;kzr dj fn;ka O;kikj dh lgk;d fø;k,a%&,slh lhkh fø;k,a tks O;kikj esa vkus okyh fofhkuu ck/kkvksa dks nwj djus ds fy, dh tkrh gs] O;kikj dh lgk;d fø;k,a dgykrh gsa O;kikj dh lgk;d fø;k,a fueufyf[kr gs%& 1- ifjogu,oa lans'kokgu%& olrqvksa dks mriknu LFkku ls mihkksdrk LFkku rd igq pkus esa ck/kk mriuu gksrh gs ftls ifjogu }kjk nwj fd;k tk ldrk gsa bl ck/kk dk nwljk igyw ;g Hkh gs fd mriknd o Øsrk nwj&nwj LFkkuksa ij gksrs gsa rks olrqvksa ds lksns djus esa ck/kk vkrh gsa bl lel;k dk lek/kku lans'kokgu tsls & VsfyQksu] Mkd?kj lsok,a] bavjusv vkfn }kjk fd;k tkrk gsa 2- csafdx & m ksxksa o O;kolkf;d QeksZ dks le; ij foùk dh vko';drk im+rh gs D;ksafd foùk ds vhkko esa O;kikj djuk dfbu gks tkrk gsa bl ck/kk dks csafdx dh lgk;rk ls nwj fd;k tk ldrk gsa 3- chek & tc olrqvksa dks,d LFKku ls nwljs LFkku ij ys tk;k tkrk gs rc ekxz esa lkeku ykus ys tkus ;k laxzg.k ds le; olrqvksa ds pksjh gks tkus ;k VwV&QwV tkus dk [krjk jgrk gsa bldk lek/kku chek dh lgk;rk ls fd;k tkrk ldrk gsa 4- laxzg.k & dqn olrq,a,slh gksrh gs ftuds mriknu vksj mihkksx ds chp dqn le; dk varj gksrk gs vr% rs;kj eky dks mlds mriknu le; ls mihkksx le; rd laxzg djds j[kuk im+rk gsa bl lel;k dk HkaMkjxzgksa dh lgk;drk ls nwj fd;k tk ldrk gsa 5- fokkiu & vkt c<+rh gqbz izfr;ksfxrk dks ns[krs gq, mriknu cm+s isekus ij fd;k tkrk gsa xzkgdksa dks viuh vksj vkdf"kzr djus ds fy, vr% mrikfnr eky dks 'kh?kz vksj fu;fer fcøh djus ds fy, fokkiu dh lgk;rk yh tkrh gsa vk/kkj m ksx okf.kt; O;kikj 1- vfkz blesa olrqvksa o mrikfnr dh xbz olrqvksa dk Ø;&foØ; lsokvksa dk fuekz.k olrqvksa,oa lsokvksa fd;k tkrk gsa fd;k tkrk gs dk forj.k fd;k tkrk gsa 2- {ks= blesa izkfkfed O;kikj rfkk O;kikj dh ns'kh o fons'kh O;kikj xks.k rfkk lsok lgk;d fø;k,a lfeefyr fd;k tkrk gs m ksx vkrs gs vkrh gsa 14

15 3- iwath vf/kd ek=k esa de ek=k esa t:jr iwath dh ek=k O;kikj t:jr gksrh gsa gksrh gsa dh izd`fr ij fuhkzjr djrh gsa 4- tksf[kr lcls vf/kd m ksx dh vis{kk de de tksf[kr 5- mi;ksfxrk :i mi;ksfxrk dk LFkku o le; LokfeRo l`tu l`tu gksrk gsa mi;ksfxrk mi;ksfxrk O;kolkf;d tksf[kr dk vfkz %& bldk vfhkizk; vfuf'prrkvksa ds dkj.k O;olk; esa vi;kzir ykhk vfkok gkfu dh lahkkouk O;kolkf;d tksf[ke%& Hkfo"; vfuf'pr gksrk gs vksj ;g vfuf'prrk tksf[kr dks tue nsrh gsa O;olk; ds lanhkz esa tksf[kr ds mnkgj.k bl izdkj fn, tk ldrs gs tsls xzkgdksa dh :fp esa cnyko] Jfedksa dh gm+rky] ck<+ ;k Hkwdai br;kfna O;kolkf;d tksf[keksa dh izd`fr%& 1- tksf[ke vfuf'prrkvksa dk ifj.kke%& lhkh O;kolkf;d tksf[kr vfuf'prrkvksa ds dkj.k mriuu gksrs gsa tsls fd gm+rky] ewy;ksa esa ifjorzu] ekax dk xyr vuqeku] lw[kk br;kfna 2- tksf[kr ls cpk ugha tk ldrk %& tksf[keksa ds tky ls fudyuk O;olk;h ds fy, lahko ugha gs D;ksafd O;olk; Hkfo"; ds fy, fd;k tkrk gs vksj Hkfo"; vfuf'pr gsa tksf[keksa dks lekir ugh fd;k tk ldrk gsa 3- tksf[ke dh ek=k O;olk; ds vkdkj ds vuqlkj %& tksf[kr dh ek=k NksVs vkdkj ds O;olk; ds fy, de vksj cm+s vkdkj ds O;olk; esa vf/kd gksrh gsa 4- tksf[ke dk izfrqy ykhk & O;olk; esa tksf[kr mbkus ds cnys tks dqn O;olk;h dks feyrk gs og mldk ykhk gksrk gsa ftu O;olk;ksa esa tksf[kr ugha gksrk mlesa ykhk Hkh ugha gksrka ftruk vf/kd tksf[kr gksrk gs mrus vf/kd ykhk dh lahkkouk gksrh gsa O;kolkf;d tksf[keksa ds dkj.k 1- izkd`frd dkj.k%& blds vurxzr os dkj.k vkrs gs ftu ij euq"; dk dksbz o'k ugh pyrk tsls rwqku] Hkwpky] vkn vkfn 2- ekuoh; dkj.k %& ekuo dh vlko/kkuh] gm+rky csbzekuh ;k tynckth ds dkj.k ;s tksf[kr mriuu gksrs gsa 15

16 3- vkffkzd dkj.k %& ekax o ewy;ksa esa mrkj p<+ko dm+h izfr;ksfxrk] QS'ku esa ifjorzu] rduhdh ifjorzu ls lacaf/kr gksrs gsa 4- vu; dkj.k%& mijksdr dkj.kksa ds vfrfjdr os lhkh dkj.k vkrs gs ftuls O;kolkf;d tksf[kr mriuu gksrs gsa tsls fd jktuhfrd dkj.k] ;kfu=d dkj.k] vdq'ky O;kolkf;d izcu/kd br;kfn O;olk; izkajhk djrs le; /;ku j[kus ;ksx; ckrs%& 1- O;olk; dk pquko%&,d O;olk;h dks HkyhHkkafr lkspdj gh O;olk; dk pquko djuk pkfg,a mls ;g fu.kz; ysuk gksrk gs fd og VsªfMax] fuekz.kh rfkk lsok esa ls fdl izdkj dk O;kikj djuk pkgrk gsa 2- O;olk; dk isekuk%& O;olk; ds p;u ds ckn mlds vkdkj dk fu.kz; fy;k tkrk gsa bldks fu/kkzfjr djrs le; iwath dh miyfc/k] tksf[ke rro] izcu/kdh; {kerk vkfn dk /;u j[kuk pkfg,a 3- O;olk; ds izk:i dk p;u%& ;fn NksVs isekus ij O;olk; djuk gks vksj O;olk;h ds Lo;a ds ikl mls izkjahk djus ds fy, i;kzir iwath gs rks,dkdh O;olk; mi;qdr jgrk gs vu;fkk lk>snkjh ;k deiuh esa ls p;u djuk gksxka 4- O;olk; ds LFkku dk pquko%& ;g fu.kz; cgqr lksp le> dj ysuk pkfg,a fu.kz; ysrs le; dqn ckrks dk /;ku vo'; j[kuk pkfg, tsls dpps eky dh lqfo/kka Jfed llrs o i;kzir ek=k esa] ;krk;kr o csafdx lqfo/kk,a br;kfna 5- foùk dh O;oLFkk djuk %& iawth dh ek=k dk fu/kkzj.k djuk pkfg, blds ckn bls izkfir ds L=ksrksa dk fu/kkzj.k djuk pkfg,a 6- HkkSfrd lqfo/kk,a%&,d u;k miøe 'kq: djus ls igys olrqvksa ds mriknu d fy, e'khuksa,oa midj.kksa dk pquko djuk Hkh,d uktqd lel;k gsa 7- la;a= dh LFkkiuk %& e'khuksa dks Ø; djus ds ckn bugsa dkj[kkuksa ds Hkou esa yxkus dh ;kstuk cukbz tkrh gsa 8- dk;zcy%& O;olk; dks pykus ds fy, cgqr ls dezpkkfj;ksa dh vko';drk gksrh gs ftlesa dq'kky,oa vdq'ky Jfed rfkk izca/kdh; dezpkkjh 'kkfey gksrs gsa miøe ds fy, lgh O;fDr;ksa dk pquko djuk vko'd gsa 16

17 9- dj fu;kstu %& O;olk; vfkok O;olk; ds vkdkj dk fu.kz; ysrs le; dj laca/kh fofhkuu dkuwuks dks Hkh /;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,a 10- O;olk; vkjahk djuk %& mijksdr lelr dk;zokgh iwjh djus ds ckn O;olk; izkjahk djus ds ckjh vkrh gsa blds fy, laxbukred <kapk rs;kj fd;k tk,xka iz'uksùkj 1-,d,slh ekuoh; fø;k dk mnkgj.k nhft, tks fd,d rjq vkffkzd vksj nwljh rjq xsj&vkffkzd ekuh tk,\ 2- O;olk; dks,d vkffkzd fø;k D;ks dgk tkrk gs\ 3-,d O;fDr vius?kj dk dei;wvj ykhk ij csprk gs D;k vki bls O;kikj ekusaxsa O;olk; dh fdl fo'ks"krk ij izdk'k Mkyk x;k gsa 4- ml vkffkzd fø;k dk uke crkb, ftlesa fof'k"v Kkr dh vko';drk gksrh gsa 5- chek dks r`rh;d ;k lsok m ksx D;ks ekuk tkrk gs 6- O;kikj is'kk vksj jkstxkj esa pkj vurj fyf[k,\ 7- ßdksbZ Hkh O;olk; tksf[kr lfgr ugh gsþ bl dfku ds izdk'k esa O;kolkf;d tksf[ke dh vo/kkj.kk dh O;k[;k djsaa 8- O;olk; ds fdugh pkj mís';ksa dh O;k[;k dhft,\ 9- okf.kt; dh ifjhkk"kk nhft,a bldk vk/kqfud thou esa vr;kf/kd egro D;ks gs\ 10- izkfkfed o xks.k m ksxksa esa D;k varj gs\ mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft,a 11- O;olk; dh ifjhkk"kk nhft, vksj mldh fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kzu dhft,a 12- ^okf.kt; mu lelr fø;kvksa dk tksm+ gs tks fd mrikndksa,oa mihkksdrkvksa ds chp dh nhokjksa dks rksm+us esa lgk;rk djrh gs* bl dfku dh O;k[;k dhft,\ 13- O;olk; dk pquko djrs le; dksu lh N% ckrs /;ku esa j[kuh pkfg,\ 14- m ksx] okf.kt; vksj O;kikj esa dksbz ikap vurj fyf[k,\ 15- ^ykhk dks vf/kdre djuk O;olk; dk,dek= mís'; ugh gksr ldrk* fvii.kh dhft,\ 17

18 v/;k; 2 O;olkf;d laxbu ds izk:i,d O;kolkf;d miøe,d laxbu gs tks fdlh O;olk; ;k okf.kft;d fø;k esa layxu gksrk gsa LokfeRo ds vk/kkj ij O;kolkf;d miøeksa dks rhu o.kksz esa fohkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gs O;olkf;d miøe futh {ks= miøe lkoztfud {ks= miøe la;qdr {ks= miøe & LokfeRo] izcu/k o fu;u=.k futh O;fDr;ksa ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gs & futh {ks= ds izk:i 1- ldy LokfeRo 1- fohkkxh; miø; 2- la;qdr fgunq ifjokj 2- lkoztfud fuxe O;olk; 3- ljdkjh deiuh 3- lk>snkjh 4- lgdkjh lfefr 5- deiuh,dy LokfeRo & LokfeRo] izcu/k o fu;u=.k ljdkj }kjk fd;k tkrk gs & LokfeRo] izcu/k o fu;u=.k futh m eh vksj ljdkj }kjk la;qdr :i ls fd;k tkrk gs,slk O;olk; tks vdsys O;fDr }kjk Lohd`r] izcfu/kr o fu;fu=r fd;k tkrk gsa,dkdh O;kikjh lhkh tksf[ke vdsys ogu djrk gs o O;olk; ds lelr ykhk dks Hkh Lo;a gh izkir djrk gsa xzkgdks dks futh lsok,a iznku djus ds fy, o NksVs isekus ds O;olk; ds fy, bl izdkj dk laxbu vr;kf/kd mi;qdr gsa 18

19 ,dy LokfeRo dh fo'ks"krk,a 1-,dkdh LokfeRo & lkjh iwath dh iwfrz,dkdh O;kikjh ds vius /ku ls ;k m/kkj fy, x, /ku ls dh tkrh gsa 2- i`fkd os/kkfud vflrro ugha & laxbu dk vius Lokeh ls i`fkd dksbz os/kkfud vflrro ugha gksrka 3- fuekz.k &,dy LokfeRo ds fuekz.k ds fy, fdugha os/kkfud vksipkfjdrkvks dks iwjk djus dh vko';drk ugha gksrha 4- izcu/k o fu;u=.k %& O;olk; dk izcu/k o lapkyu dk dsoy,dy O;kikjh }kjk ghy fd;k tkrk gsa 5- vlhfer nkf;ro%&,dy Lokeh dk nkf;ro vlhfer gksrk gsa ;fn O;kolkf;d laifùk;ka ½.kksa ds Hkqxrku ds fy, i;kzir ugha gs rks mldh futh laifùk dk iz;ksx Hkh nsunkjksa dks Hkqxrku djus ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gsa 6- tksf[kr ogu djuk %& O;olk; ds ykhk o gkfu dk gdnkj og vdsyk gh gksrk gsa bl izdkj og vdsyk gh O;olk; ds tksf[ke dks ogu djrk gsa,dy O;kikj ds xq.k 1- fuekz.k vksj LFkkiuk esa lqfo/kk%& bldh LFkkiuk djus rfkk bls cun djus ds fy, fdlh izdkj dh dkuwuh vksipkfjdrkvksa dks iwjk ugha djrk im+rka 2- 'kh?kz fu.kz; &,dy O;kikjh fu.kz; 'kh?kzrk ls ys ldrk gs D;ksafd mls fu.kz; ysus ds fy, fdlh ls lykg ;k vuqefr ysus dh vko';drk ugha gksrh A 3- xksiuh;rk & O;olk; ds egroiw.kz jkt lqjf{kr jgrs gs] D;ksafd mudk Kku dsoy Lokeh dk gksrk gsa 4- izr;{k vfhkizjs.k & ifjje o izfrqy esa lh/kk lecu/k gksus ds dkj.k] Lokeh dh dfbu ifjje djus ds izsj.kk feyrh gsa 5- O;fDrxr laidz &,dy O;kikjh vius xzkgdks o dezpkkfj;ksa ls O;fDrxr laidz cuk, j[k ldrs gsa,dy O;kikj dh lhek,a 1- lhfer foùkh; lk/ku %& D;ksafd lalfkk ds foùk dh iwfrz Lokeh ;k rks vius futh lk/kuksa ls djrk gs ;k viuh lk[k ds vuqlkj ½.k ysdj djrk gsa 19

20 2- lhfer izca/kdh; dq'kyrk %& blesa lhkh dk;z,dkdh O;kikjh }kjk fd, tkrs gsa tks lhkh {ks=ksa esa dq'ky ugh gksr ldrka og dq'ky dezpkjh dh fu;qfdr djus esa Hkh l{ke ugha gksrka 3- vlhfer nkf;ro &,dkdh Lokeh futh :i ls lhkh ½.kksa ds fy, mùkjnk;h gksrk gs] bl dkj.k og tksf[ke ysus ls drjkrk gsa 4- vfuf'pr thou & O;olk; dk thou] iw.kz :i ls Lokeh ls tqm+k gqvk gksrk gsa Lokeh dh e`r;q] ikxyiu] fnokfy;k gksus dh n'kk esa O;olk; can gksrk tkrk gsa 5- folrkj ds fy, lhfer volj & lhfer iwath rfkk izcu/kdh; dq'kyrk ds dkj.k] O;olk; dk folrkj cgqr vf/kd ugha fd;k tk ldrka,dy LokfeRo dh mi;qdrrk laxbu dk ;g Lo:i fueufyf[kr n'kkvksa esa mi;qdr gsa & & & mu O;olk;ksa esa tgka de iwath o lhfer izcu/kdh; ;ksx;rk dh vko';drk im+rh gksa tsls QqVdj O;kikj mu O;olk;ksa esa tgka xzkgdksa dks O;fDrxr lsok,a iznku dh tkrh gs tsls dim+s flyus esa cky dkvus esa] nok rfkk dkuwu laca/kh lykg nsus esa vizekf.kr olrqvksa (tsls vkmzj ij tso cukus) ds mriknu esa la;qdr fgunw ifjokj O;olk; la;qdr fgunw ifjokj O;olk; dk LokfeRo,oa lapkyu,d la;qdr fgunwj ifjokj ds lnl; djrs gsa O;olk; dk izcu/k rfkk fu;u=.k] ifjokj ds ofj"b iq:"k lnl;] ftls drkz dgk tkrk gs] ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gsa bldk iz'kklu fgunw dkuwu ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gsa blesa lnl;rk ds vk/kkj&ifjokj esa tue gksrk gsa blesa lnl;k dks fu;af=r djus dh nks iz.kkfy;ka gsa n;khkkx iz.kkyh & ;g i½fr if'pe caxky esa izpfyr gs & blds varxzr ifjokj ds iq:"k o efgyk nksuks gh lghkkxh gksrs gsaa ferk{kjk iz.kkyh & ;g i¼fr if'pe caxky dks NksM+dj lkjs Hkkjr es izpfyr gs & blesa dsoy ifjokj ds iq:"k lnl; gh lghkkxh gksrs gs 20

21 y{k.k%& (1) fuekz.k & la;qdr fgunq ifjokj O;olk; ds fy, ifjokj esa de ls de nks lnl;,oa og isr`d lafiùk tks mugsa fojklr esa feyh gks] dk gksuk vko';d gsa (2) lnl;rk & bldh lnl;rk ifjokj sa tue ysus ds dkj.k izkir gksrh gsa (3) fu;u=.k & O;olk; ds lapkyu dk iwjk vf/kdkj dsoy dùkkz ds ikl gksrk gsa ifjokj ds vu; lnl; mls dsoy viuh lykg ns ldrs gsa (4) nkf;ro & dùkkz ds vykok vu; lhkh lnl;ksa dk nkf;ro] la;qdr leifùk esa muds O;fDrxr fgr ds ewy; rd lhfer gksrk gsa (5) LFkk;h vflrro & O;olk; dk vflrro fdlh lghkkxh ds ;gka rd fd dùkkz ds Hkh fnokfy;k gksus ;k e`r;q gksus ls izhkkfor ugha gksrka (6) ukckfyx lnl; & blesa lnl;rk ifjokj esa tue ysus ds dkj.k gksrh gs blhfy, ukckfyx Hkh O;olk; ds lnl; gks ldrs gsa la;qdr fgunw ifjokj O;olk; ds xq.k%& (1) lhfer iw th & dùkkz ds ikl] O;olk; ds izcu/k rfkk fu;a=.k dk iw.kz vf/kdkj gksus ds dkj.k og fu.kz; 'kh?kzrk ls ysrk gsa blesa fdlh Hkh vu; lnl; dks glrk{ksi djus dk vf/kdkj ugha gksrk gsa (2) dùkkz dk vlhfer nkf;ro & blesa dùkkz dk nkf;ro vlhfer gksrk gs ftlds dkj.k og u;s rfkk tksf[ke Hkjs fu.kz; ysus ls fgpfdpkrk gsa (3) dùkkz dk izhkqro & dùkkz vdsys gh O;olk; dk izcau/k djrk gs tks dhkh & dhkh vu; lnl;ksa dks eku; ugha gksrk gsa blls muesa Vdjko gks ldrk gs o ikfjokfjd bdkbz Hkh Hkax gks ldrh gsa (4) lhfer izca/kdh; {kerk & O;olk; ds izcu/k dh iwjh fteesnkjh dùkkz ij gksrh gs] ijurq og O;olk; ds gj {ks= esa dq'ky ugha gks ldrk@rfkk mlds }kjk fy;k x;k dksbz fu.kz; O;olk; dks cckzn dj ldrk gsa (5) vlarqfyr fu.kz; & dùkkz dks fu.kz: ysrs le; fdlh ls lyg ysus dh vko';drk ugha gksrh gsa bl dkj.k mlds }kjk fy;k x;k fu.kz; dbz ckj vlarqfyr gksrk gsa ns'k esa la;qdr fgunw ifjokjksa dh la[;k de gksrh tk jgh gs blh dkj.k O;olk; ds bl izk:i dk pyu Hkh de gksrk tk jgk gsa 21

22 lk>snkjh vfkz & lk>snkjh nks ;k nks ls vf/kd O;fDr;ksa ds chp dk laca/k gs tks fd,d,sls O;olk; ds chp dk ykhk ckavus ds fy, lger gksrs gs ftldks os lhkh ;k lhkh dh vksj ls muesa ls fdlh,d }kjk pyk;k tkrk gsa y{k.k bl izk:i dk vkajhk,dy LokfeRo rfkk la;qdr fgunq ifjokj O;olk; dh lel;kvksa dks nwj djus ds fy, fd;k x;k gsa (1) nks ;k nks ls vf/kd O;fDr & lk>snkjh ds fuekz.k ds fy, U;wure nks lnl; gksus pkfg, (2) le>ksrk & lk>snkjh] lk>snkjks ds chp gq, le>ksrs dk ifj.kke gs tks eksf[kd ;k fyf[kr gks ldrk gsa (3) os O;olk; & bldk xbu dsoy os O;olk; dks pykus ds mís'; ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gsa (4) izcu/k o fu;a=.k & lhkh lk>snkjksa dks izcu/k esa fgllk ysus dk iwjk vf/kdkj gksrk gsa (5) vlhfer nkf;ro & lhkh lk>snkjksa dk nkf;ro vlhfer gksrk gsa (6) ikjlifjd,tsalh lecu/k & izr;sd lk>snkj QeZ ds Lokeh ds lkfk&lkfk QeZ vksj nwljs lk>snkjksa dk,tsav Hkh gksrk gs bl dkj.k,d lk>snkj ds }kjk fd, x, dk;z o vuqca/k ls vu; lhkh lk>snkj Hkh ck/; gksrs gsa (7) LFkkf;Ro dk vhkko & D;ksafd fdlh Hkh lk>snkj dh e`r;q] vodk'k xzg.k djus] fnokfy;k gksus ;k fqj ikxy gks tkus ls ;g lekir gks ldrh gsa lk>snkjh ds xq.k (1) fuekz.k dh lqfo/kk%& bldk fuekz.k vklkuh ls rfkk fdlh dkuwuh vksipkfjdrkvksa dks iwjk fd, fcuk fd;k tk ldrk gsa (2) fo'kky foùkh; lk/ku %& lhkh lk>snkjksa ds }kjk iawth yxkus ds dkj.k buds foùkh; lk/ku vf/kd gksrs gsa (3) csgrj fu.kz; & lhkh egroiw.kz fu.kz; lk>snkjksa }kjk lkewfgd :i ls fy, tkrs gs ifj.kkelo:i fu.kz; csgrj gksrs gsa (4) tksf[ke dk cavokjk & lk>snkjh esa tksf[ke lhkh lk>snkjksa esa cav tkrk gs blls og fpurk eqdr gks dj dk;z djrs gsa 22

23 (5) xksiuh;rk & lk>snkjh QeZ dks vius [kkrs izdkf'kr djus dh vko';drk ugha gksrh blfy, lk>snkjh ds egroiw.kz Hksn xqir j[ks tk ldrs gsa lk>snkjh dh lhek,a (1) lhfer lk/ku%&,d lk>snkjh qez esa lk>snkjksa dh la[;k lhfer gksrh gs bl dkj.k ls muds }kjk yxkbz xbz iwath Hkh lhfer gksrh gsa (2) vlhfer nkf;ro%& lk>snkjksa dk vlhfer nkf;ro gksrk gsa lk>snkjksa dk nsunkjksa ds izfr nkf;ro & la;qdr rfkk i`fkd&nksuksa izdkj ls gksrk gsa rfkk ;g mu lk>snkjksa ds fy, vuqfpr gksrk gs ftuds ikl vf/kd O;fDrxr /ku gksrk gsa ;fn vu; lk>snkj ½.k dk Hkqxrku djus esa vlefkz gksrs gsa rks bldk Hkqxrku /kuh lk>snkj dks djuk im+rk gsa (3) fujarjrk dk vhkko%& lk>snkjh dh fujarjrk vfuf'pr gksrh gsa fdlh Hkh lk>snkj dh e`r;q] ikxyiu ;k fnokfy;k gks tkus ls] O;olk; lekir gks tkrk gsa (4) tu fo'okl dh deh%& turk dk fo'okl] lk>snkjh Qez esa de gksrk gs D;ksafd QeZ ds }kjk viuh okf"kzd fjiksvz rfkk [kkrs izdkf'kr ugh fd, tkrs A (5) va'kksa dk glrkarj.k ugha%&,d lk>snkj viuk fgllk fdlh nwljs O;fDr dks rhkh glrkafjr dj ldrk gs tc vu; lhkh lk>snkj mldh vuqfr nsa vu;fkk ughaa ;g cgqr dfbu vksj tfvy gks ldrk gsa lk>snkj ds izdkj 1- lfø; lk>snkj & ;g lk>snkj QeZ ds izcu/k esa Hkkx ysrk gsa ;g QeZ esa iwath yxkrk gsa ykhk@gku ckavrk gs rfkk bldk nkf;ro vlhfer gksrk gsa 2- lqir vfkok fuf"ø; lk>snk & ;g lk>snkj QeZ ds izcu/k esa Hkkx ugha ysrk] ijurq vu; lk>snkjksa dh Hkkafr bldh nsunkjh Hkh vlhfer gksrh gsa 3- xqir lk>snkj &,sls lk>snkj dk QeZ ds lkfk lecu/k vke turk dks irk ugh gksrk gsa gkykafd bldk nkf;ro Hkh vlhfer gksrk gsa 4- ukeek= dk lk>snkj & ;g og lk>snkj gs tks viuk uke rfkk izflf¼ QeZ dks mlds Qk;ns ds fy, m/kkj nsrk gsa ;g u rks iwwath yxkrk gs] u izcu/k esa fgllk ysrk gs] u ykhk ckavrk gs ijurq bldk nkf;ro Hkh vlhfer gksrk gsa 5- xr;kojks/k }kjk lk>snkj & ;g og O;fDr gksrk gs tks vius vkpj.k ;k O;ogkj }kjk nwljksa dks ;g vkhkkl nsrk gs fd og QeZ dk lk>snkj gs tcfd oklrfodrk ;g ugha 23

24 gksrka bldk nkf;ro mu ½.kksa ds fy, vlhfer gksrk gs tks QeZ dks mldh izflf¼ ds dkj.k izkir gksrs gsa 6- izn'kzu }kjk lk>snkj & ;g og O;fDr gksrk gs tks oklro esa rks QeZ dk lk>snkj ugha gksrk ijurq nwljksa ds }kjk vius vkidks lk>ksnkj dgs tkus ij dksbz vkifùk ;k fojks/k ugh djrka,sls O;fDr dks iznz'ku }kjk lk>snkj dgrs gsa ;g mu ½.kksa dks pqdkus ds fy, mùkjnk;h gksrk gs] tks QeZ us mlds uke dk iz;ksx djds izkir fd, FksA lk>snkjh ds izdkj%& lk>snkjh dh izd`fr ds vk//kj ij mldk fohkktu fueu izdkj ls fd;k tk ldrk gsa (1) lkeku; rfkk lhfer lk>snkjh%& lkeku; lk>snkjh esa lk>snkjksa dk nkf;ro vlhfer gksrk gs nwljh vksj lhfer lk>snkjh esa nks izdkj ds lk>snkj gksrs gs izfke] lkeku; lk>snkj rfkk f}rh; fof'k"v lk>snkj lhfer lk>snkjh esa de ls de,d lk>snkj lkeku; vfkkzr vlhfer nkf;ro okyk gksuk t:jh gs (2),sfPNd rfkk fo'sk"k%&,sfpnd lk>snkjh vfuf'pr dky ds fy, rfkk dksbz Hkh O;olk; djus ds fy, LFkkfir dh tkrh gs tcfd fo'ks"k lk>snkjh fdlh fo'ks"k mís'; ds fy, izkjehk dh tkrh gs rfkk ml iwoz fuf'pr mís'; ds iwjk gksrs gs lekir gks tkrh gsa vo;ld,d lk>snkj ds :i esa vol;d dk vfhkizk;,d,sls O;fDr ls gs ftldh vk;q 18 o"kz ls de gksa vol;d ds lkfk fd;k x;k vuqcu/k fcydqy O;FkZ gksrk gsa vo;ld lk>snkj dks QeZ ds ykhkksa,oa leifr;ksa esa og fgllk ikus dk vf/kdkj gs tks izos'k ds le; fuf'pr fd;k x;k FkkA ysfdu vol;d lk>snkj dk QeZ dh gkfu;k esa dksbz laca/k ugh gksrka vol;d lk>snkj dk nkf;ro dsoy QeZ esa mlds }kjk fofu;ksx dh xbz iw th rd lhfer gksrk gsa lk>snkjh lays[k lk>snkjksa ds chp gqvk le>ksrk tks eqæafdr dkxt+ ij fy[kk gksrk gs rfkk ftlesa lk>snkjh ds fu;e] fofue; rfkk 'krksaz dk o.kzu gksrk gs] lk>snkjh lays[k dgykrk gsa lkeku;r% blesa fueutkudkfj;ka nh tkrh gsa & & & & QeZ dk uke o irk lk>snkjksa ds uke o irs lk>snkjh dhvof/k izr;sd lk>snkj }kjk yxkbz xbz iwath 24

25 & & & & & O;olk; dk ykhk&gkfu fohkktu vuqikr lk>snkjksa ds osru] vkgj.k] iwath ij C;kt rfkk vkgj.k ij C;kt lecfu/kr fu;e lk>snkjksa ds vf/kdkj rfkk nkf;ro lk>snkjksa ds vkxeu] fuo`fùk o QeZ ds lekiu ls lecfu/kr izko/ku@fu;e fooknksa gdks gy djus dh fof/k;ka vkfn lk>snkjh QeZ dk iathdj.k dkuwuh :i ls lk>snkjh QeZ dk iathdj.k djkuk vfuok;z ugha gsa ijurq ;g QeZ rfkk lk>snkjksa ds fgr esa gksrk gsa,d viathd`r QeZ dks fueufyf[kr xahkh lel;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk im+rk gs& (1),d viathd`r QeZ dk lk>snkj] vu; lk>snkj ds fo:¼ dksbz eqdnek nk;j ugh dj ldrka (2) viathd`r QeZ fdlh ckgjh i{k ds fo:¼ eqdnek nk;j ugh dj ldrha (3) viathd`r QeZ fdlh lk>snkj ds fo:¼ Hkh eqdnek nk;j ugha dj ldrha lgdkjh lfefr lgdkjh lfefr mu O;fDr;ksa dk,d laxbu gsftuds lk/ku izk;% lhfer gksrs gsa rfkk leku vkffkzd y{;ksa dh miyfc/k ds fy, LosPNk ls,df=r gksrs gsa budk eq[; mís'; vius lnl;ksa dks iwathifr oxz o e/;lfkksa ds }kjk fd, tkus okys 'kks"k.k ls cpkuk gs u fd ykhk dekuka y{k.k 1- LoSfPNd laxbu & leku fgr j[kus okyk dksbz Hkh O;fDr lhfer esa lnl;rk izkir dj ldrk gs rfkk tc pkgs,d lwpuk nsdj lfefr dks NksM+ ldrk gsa 2- os/kkfud flfkfr & lgdkjh lfefr dk iathdj.k vfuok; gs blls lfefr dks vius lnl;ksa ls i`fkd vflrro izkir gks tkrk gsa 3- lhfer nkf;ro & lfefr ds lnl;ksa dk nkf;ro muds }kjk yxkbz xbz iwath rd lhfer gksrk gsa 4- iztkrkaf=d izcu/k & blesa fu.kz; ysus dh 'kfdr lnl;ksa }kjk pquh xbz izca/k desvh dk pquko lnl;ksa ds }kjk,d lnl;,d oksv ds fl¼kur ij fd;k tkrk gsa 25

26 5- lsok dk mís'; & lfefr dk eq[; mís'; vius lnl;ksa dks lsok iznku djuk gsa 6- vf/kd; dk forj.k & blesa o"kzhkj esa dek,a ykhk dk,d fuf'pr fgllk os/kkfud lap; dks"k esa glrkafjr fd;k tkrk gsa rri'pkr lnl;ksa }kjk yxkbz xbz iwath ij mfpr nj ls ykhkka'k fn;k tkrk gsa 'ks"k ykhk dks lnl;ksa ds }kjk fd, x, ysu&nsuksa ds vuqlkj cksul ds :i esa ckav fn;k tkrk gsa lgdkjh lfefr ds ykhk 1- fuekz.k esa lqfo/kk & bldk fuekz.k leku fgr okys dksbz Hkh nl O;ld O;fDr feydj dj ldrs gsa blds iathdj.k dh izfø;k Hkh cgqr lk/kkj.k gksrk gsa 2- lhfer nkf;ro & blds lnl;ksa dk nkf;ro muds }kjk yxkbz xbz iwath rd lhfer gksrk gsa 3- fujurjrk & iathdj.k ds dkj.k lfefr dk viuk vyx dkuwuh vflrro gksrk gs rfkk lfefr ij fdlh Hkh lnl; dh e`r;q] fnokfy;kiu rfkk v{kerk dk dksbz vlj ugh im+rka 4- fero;;h dk;ziz.kkyh & blds lnl; izk;% vosrkfud lsok,a nsrs gsa] olrqvksa o lsokvksa dk Ø; ;g lh/ks mrikndksa ;k Fkksd O;kikfj;ksa ls djrs gsa] leku dk foø; udn esa djrs gsa rfkk fokkiu br;kfn ij /ku [kpz ugh djrsa bu dkj.kksa ls lfefr ds dk;zdkjh [kpsz de gksrs gsa 5- ljdkjh lgk;rk & bugsa ljdkj ds }kjk cgqr ls vuqnku] de VSDl] uhph C;kt dh nj ij ½.k rfkk foùkh; rfkk vu; lgk;rk,a iznku dh tkrh gsa lgdkjh lfefr dh lhek,a 1- lhfer iwath & lgdkjh laxbu izk;% lhfer lk/kuksa okys O;fDr;ksa ds }kjk cuk, tkrs gs blfy, bugsa lhfer iwath dh lel;k dk lkeuk djuk im+rk gsa 2- vdq'ky izcu/k & blesa lhkh dk;z blds lnl;ksa ds }kjk fd, tkrs gs rfkk lnl; izki;% is'ksoj dq'ky rfkk vuqhkoh ugh gksrs gsa lgdkjh laxbu is'ksoj o dq'ky O;fDr;ksa dks Åaps osru ij j[kus esa Hkh l{ke ugh gksrk gsa 3- xksiuh;rk dk vhkko & lgdkjh lfefr ds lhkh ekeyksa ij lnl;ksa dh lhkh esa [kqydj ppkz djh tkrh gs blfy, bl laxbu esa xksiuh;rk cuk, j[kuk lahko ugh gsa 26

27 4- vr;kf/kd ljdkjh fu;a=.k & lgdkjh lfefr;ka] jkt; ljdkj ds lgdkjh fohkkx ds cgqr ls fu;eksa ds v/khu gksrh gsa bugsa vius [kkrs vads{kdksa ls vadsf{kr djokus im+rs gs rfkk mldh,d izfr jftlvªkj ds ikl tek djkuh im+rh gsa 5- vfhkizsj.kk dk vhkko & blesa iz;ru rfkk izfrqy ds chp dksbz lh/kk lecu/k ugh gksrka blfy, buesa lnl;ksa esa vfhkizjs.kk dk vhkko gksrk gsa 6- lnl;ksa ds chp erhksn & buesa cgqr lh n'kkvksa esa izcu/kdh; lfefr vksj lnl;ksa ds chp mriuu gks tkrs gs rfkk izcu/kdh; lfefr vius LokFkZ mís'; ds dkj.k 'kklu djuk vkjahk dj nsrh gs vksj os lsok ds mís'; dks Hkwy tkrh gsa lgdkjh laxbu ds izdkj 1- mihkksdrk lgdkjh lfefr%& budk eq[; mís'; e/;lfkksa ds }kjk fd, tkus okys xzkgdksa ds 'kks"k.k dks [kre djuk gsa ;g vke t:jr dh lhkh olrq,a lh/ks mrikndksa rfkk Fkksd O;kikfj;ksa ls [kjhndj lnl;ksa dks mfpr dherksa ij miyc/k djkrh gsa 2- mriknd lgdkjh lfefr %& budk eq[; mís'; NksVs mrikndksa dks enn iznku djuk gs ftugsa O;fDrxr :i ls mriknu ds fy, t:jh dppk eky] e'khujh vksj vk/kqfud rduhd dks tqvkus esa dfbukbz gksrh gsa ;s lfefr;k nks izdkj dh gksrh gs%& (v),d oks tks vius lnl;ksa dks vko';d dppk eky] vkxrs] e'khujh br;kfn mfpr ewy; ij miyc/k djkrh gsa (c) nwljh tks bu mrikndksa }kjk mrikfnr olrqvksa dks csprh gsa 3- lgdkjh foi.ku lfefr;k %& ;g NksVs mrikndksa rfkk d`"kdksa dks ftugsa vius eky dks ykhkdkjh ewy;ksa esa cspus esa dfbukbz gksrh gs] dh enn djrh gsa ;g vius lnl;ksa ds fy, fofhkuu izdkj dh foi.ku lecu/kh lqfo/kk, tsls ifjogu] Hk.Mkj.k] isdsftax] xzsfmx o cktkj losz{k.k dk bartke djrh gsa rfkk ;g vius lnl;ksa dks muds }kjk rs;kj fd, x, eky ds fy, mfpr ewy; fnykus esa enn djrh gsa 4- lgdkjh d`f"k lfefr%& buds lnl; os NksVs fdlku gksrs gs tks feydj d`f"k dk;ksz dks duk pkgrs gsa ;g lfefr;ka vius lnl;ksa ds fy, vpns cht] vk/kqfud vkstkj] e'khujh] vk/qkfud rduhd] [kkn rfkk flapkbz lqfo/kkvksa dk izcu/k djrh gsa 5- lgdkjh lk[k lfefr%& budk eq[; mís'; vius lnl;ksa dks lkgwdkjksa ds pqaxy ls cpkuk gksrk gsa ;g vius t:jrean lnl;ksa dks vklku 'krksz rfkk de C;kt ij ½.k miyc/k djkrh gsa 27

28 6- lgdkjh vkokl lfefr%& budk eq[; mís'; vius lnl;ksa dks vklku 'krksz o mfpr ewy;ksa ij ysv vfkok IykWV miyc/k djuk gsa la;qdr iwath deiuh vfkz & la;qdr iwath deiuh O;fDr;ksa ds }kjk cuk;k x;k,sfpnd la?k gsa ftldk viuk,d vyx os kfud vflrro] 'kk'or thou rfkk lkozeqæk gksrh gs rfkk bldh iwath glrkarj.kh; 'ks;jksa esa cvha gqbz gksrh gsa y{k.k 1- xbu & Hkkjrh; daiuh vf/kfu;e 1956 ds vuqlkj daiuh dk iathdj.k vfuok;z gsa daiuh ds xbu ds fy, dbz nlrkostks dks rs;kj djus vksj mugsa jftlvªkj ds ikl tek djokus rfkk vu; dbz os kfud vksipkfjdrk, iwjh djuh im+rh gsa 2- i`fkd os/kkfud vflrro & bldh jpuk dkuwu ds }kjk gksrh gsa rfkk lekkesyu ds dkj.k bldh viuh i`fkd igpku gksrh gsa dkuwu dh fuxkg esa deiuh rfkk mlds lnl;,d ugh gksrs gsa 3- 'kk'or vflrro & la;qdr iwath deiuh dh jpuk rfkk bldk var dsoy dkuwu ds }kjk gh fd;k tk ldrk gsa deiuh ds vflrro ij blds 'ks;j/kkfj;ksa ds vkus tkus] e`r;q] ikxyiu] fnokfy;kiu dk dksbz izhkko ugh im+rka 4- lhfer nkf;ro & deiuh ds izr;sd lnl; dk nkf;ro mlds }kjk Ø; fd, x, va'kks ds vafdr ewy; rd vfkok mlds }kjk nh xbz xkjavh dh jkf'k rd lhfer gksrk gsa 5- va'kks dh glrkarj.kh;rk & deiuh dh iwath glrkarj.kh; 'ks;jksa esa cvh gqbz gksrh gsa dsoy futh deiuh ds 'ks;jksa ds glrkarj.k ij dqn izfrca/k gksrs gsa 6- lkozeqæ &,d d`f=e O;fDr gksus ds dkj.k deiuh glrk{kj ugha dj ldrha ftlds dkj.k gj deiuh dh,d lkozeqæk gksrh gs tks deiuh ds vf/kdkj;qdr glrk{kj dk dk;z djrh gsa deiuh ds gj egroiw.kz nlrkost ij bldh lkozeqæk vafdr dh tkrh gsa 7- fu;a=;.k o izcu/k & deiuh dk izcu/k o fu;u=.k funs'kd eamy ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gs ftldk p;u lhkh va'k/kkfj;ksa ds }kjk oksv ns dj fd;k tkrk gsa LokfeRo,oa izca/k dk vyx vyx gksuk deiuh dh,d egroiw.kz fo'ks"krk gsa 28

29 la;qdr iwath deiuh ds xq.k 1- lhfer nkf;ro & va'k/kkfj;ksa dk nkf;ro muds }kjk [kjhns x, 'ks;jksa ds vafdr ewy; vfkok muds }kjk nh xbz xkajvh dh jkf'k rd lhfer gksrk gsa 2- fo'kky fofùk; lk/ku & deiuh ds ikl foùkh; lk/ku cgqr vf/kd gksrs gsa og fofhkuu izdkj ds fuos'kdksa ds fy, fofhkuu izdkj dh izfrhkwfr;ka tkjh djds] turk ls tek Lohdkj djds] fofhkuu foùkh; lalfkkvksa ls ½.k ysdj & cgqr vf/kd ek=k esa foùk bdv~bk dj ldrh gsa 3- va'kks ds glrkarj.k esa lqfo/kk & deiuh ds va'k cktkj esa vklkuh ls [kjhns vksj csps tk ldrs gsa bl dkj.k vke turk dks deiuh esa islk fuos'k djus fy, izksrlkgu feyrk gsa 4- LFkk;h vflrro & deiuh dk vius lnl;ksa ls i`fkd vflrro gksus ds dkj.k] mudh e`r;q] fnokfy;kiu rfkk v{kerk dk deiuh ds vflrro ij dksbz izhkko ugha im+rk gsa 5- o`f¼ vksj folrkj & deiuh ds ikl fo'kky foùkh; lk/ku gksrs gs] ftldh otg ls bldk folrkj rfkk o`f¼ djuk vklkuh ls lahko gks ikrk gsa 6- is'ksoj izcu/k & fo'kky foùkh; lk/ku gksus ds dkj.k deiuh dq'ky rfkk is'ksoj O;fDr;sa dh lsok,a ysus esa lefkz gksrh gsa la;qdr iwath deiuh dh lhek,a 1- fuekz.k dh tfvy izfø;k & deiuh ds fuekz.k dh izfø;k cgqr yech] dfbu] tfvy gksrh gsa blesa yech le;kof/k yxrh gs rfkk dbz dkuwuh vksipkfjdrkvksa dks iwjk djuk im+rk gsa 2- xksiuh;rk dk vhkko & deiuh dks deiuh vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj le; ij deifu;ksa ds jftlvªkj dks cgqr lh lwpuk,a nsuh im+rh gsa ;s lelr lwpuk,a tu lk/kkj.k dks miyc/k gksrh gsa bl dkj.ko'k deiuh ds fy, xksiuh;rk cuk, j[kuk cgqr dfbu gsa 3- fu.kz; ysus esa nsjh & deiuh dk oklrfod izca/k lapkyd eamy }kjk fd;k tkrk gsa budh enn ds fy, lalfkk esa mpp e/; o fueu Lrjh; izca/kd Hkh gksrs gsa bl O;oLFKk esa fofhkuu izlrkoksa ds leizs"k.k o vuqeksnu dkqh le; yx tkrk gsa ifj.kkelo:i fu.kz; ysus esa snjh gksrh gsa 4- izsj.kk dk vhkko & deiuh dk izcu/k Lokfe;ksa ds }kjk ugha cfyd is'ksoj izcu/kdksa ds }kjk fd;k tkrk gsa bugsa lalfkk ls viuh lsokvksa ds cnys fuf'pr osru izkir gksrk gsa 29

30 blhfy, deiuh esa vf/kd esgur o dq'kyrk ls dke djus dh izsj.kk dk vhkko gksrk gsa 5- vyira=h; izcu/k & fl¼karr% deiuh,d yksdrkaf=d lalfkk gs ijurq oklrfodrk ;g ugh gs bldk izcu/k lapkyd eamy ds }kjk pyk;k tkrk gs] tks oklro esa dqn va'k/kkfj;ksa ds izfrfuf/k gksrs gs dbz ckj ;g fu.kz; ysrs le; vius O;fDrxr fgr vksj ykhk dks /;ku esa j[krs gsa rfkk deiuh vksj va'k/kkfj;ksa ds fgrksa dh vosgyuk dj nsrs gsa futh deiuh rfkk lkoztfud deiuh deifu;ksa ds izdkj LokfeRo ds vk/kkj ij deifu;ksa dks nks oxksz esa fohkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gsa futh deiuh & & & & & & futh deiuh,oa lkoztfud deiuh blesa lnl;ksa dh U;wure la[;k 52 o vf/kdre 50 gksrh gs ;g vke turk dks vius 'ks;j o ¼.ki= [kjhnus ds fy, vkeaf=r ugh djrha blds 'ks;jksa ds glrkarj.k ij dbz izfrca/k gksrs gsa blesa U;wure iwath 1 yk[k :- dh gksrh gsa deiuh viuk O;olk; ^lekesyu* dk izek.k i= feyus ds ckn 'kq: dj ldrh gsa blesa deiuh vius uke ds vur esa izkbosv fyfevsm 'kcn dk iz;ksx djrh gsa lkoztfud deiuh & & & & & & blesa U;wure 7 rfkk vf/kdre dh dksbz lhek ugha gksrha blesa vke turk dks 'ks;jksa o ½.ki=ksa ds vfhknku ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;k tkr gsa blds 'ks;jksa ds glrkarj.k ij dksbz izfrca/k ugh gksrka blesa U;wure iwath 5 yk[k :- dh gksrh gs blesa O;olk; & O;olk; izkjahk djus dk izek.k i= feyus ds ckn gh 'kq: fd;k tk ldrk gsa blesa deiuh vius uke ds vur esa fyfevsm 'kcn dk iz;ksx djrh gsa 30

31 O;olk; ds miøe ds p;u esa fopkj.kh; dkjd,d m eh dks O;kolkf;d laxbu ds izk:i dk pquko djrs le; fueufyf[kr dkjdksa dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg,a 1- laxbu dh LFkkiuk ls tqm+s [kpz o vklkuh &,dy LokfeRo laxbu dh LFkkiuk ds fy, dksbz dkuwuh vksipkfjdrk,a ugha djuh im+rha bldh LFkkiuk vklkuh ls rfkk cgqr de [kpsz esa gks tkrh gsa tcfd deiuh dh LFkkiuk ls cgqr dkuwuh vksipkfjdrk,a rfkk ykxr tqm+ha 2- vko';d izkjafhkd iwath dh ek=k & ftu O;olk;ksa esa vis{kkd`r de iwath dh vko';drk gksrh gs mudk xbu,dy LokfeRo vfkok lk>snkjh izk:i esa fd;k tk ldrk gsa ijurq ;fn O;olk; ds fy, cgqr vf/kd iwath dh vko';drk gs rks laxbu dk deiuh izk:i mi;qdr gksxka 3- O;olk; dh izd`fr & ;fn O;olk; esa xzkgd dks O;fDrxr /;ku vksj izr;{k leidz dh vko';drk gs] rks,dy LokfeRo vfkok lks>nkjh dk izk:i mi;qdr gsa ijurq ;fn fuekz.k rfkk forj.k dk dke cgqr cm+s isekus ij djuk gs rks deiuh Lo:i dk p;u Bhd jgsxka 4- fu;u=.k dk Lrj & ;fn O;olk;h O;olk; ds Åij iw.kz fu;u=.k dh bpnk j[krk gs] rc mls,dy LokfeRo QeZ dks izkfkfedrk nsuh pkfg,a ;fn O;olk;h dks fu;u=.k ds cavokjs ls dksbz QdZ ugha im+rk rc og lk>snkjh ;k deiuh izk:i dks izkfkfedrk ns ldrk gsa 5- tksf[ke dh ek=k&miøe esa vf/kd tksf[kr gksus i O;olk;dÙkkZ deiuh izk:i ;k lgdkjh laxbu dks vf/kd izkfkfedrk nsrs gsa D;ksafd buesa lnl;ksa dk nkf;ro lhfer gksrk gsa O;olk; dks,dy LokfeRo vksj lk>snkjh izk:i dk iz;ksx] de tksf[ke okys miøeksa esa fd; tkrk gsa deiuh dk fuekz.k%& deiuh ds fuekz.k dk vfkz,d ubz deiuh dks vflrro esa ykuk rfkk mldk O;olk; izkjehk djkus ls gksrk gsa,d ubz deiuh ds fuekz.k dh fueufyf[kr volfkk,a gs%& (1) izorzu (2) fuxeu (3) iwath vfhknku (4) O;olk; dk vkjehk djuk,d izkbosv deiuh dks izfke nks volfkkvksa ls xqtjuk gksrk gs ysfdu,d lkoztfud deiuh dks pkjksa volfkkvksa ls xqtjuk gksrk gsa 31

32 (v) izorzu % izorzu ds vurxzr O;olkf;d voljksa dh [kkst dh tkrh gs rfkk deiuh dk fuekz.k fd;k tkrk gsa izorzu esa mbk;s tkus oky dne% 1- O;olkf;d voljks dh igpku djuk%& izorzd dk izfke dk;z gs O;olkf;d voljksa dh igpku djuj fd fdl olrq ;k lsok fuekz.k fd;k tk;sa 2- lehkkouk v/;;u%& voljksa dh igpku djus ds ckn izorzd rduhdh lehkkouk] foùkh; vksj vkffkzd lehkkouk dk v/;;u djrk gsa 3- uke dh Lohd`fr izkir djuk%& deiuh ds uke dks NkaVus ds ckn izorzd mls deiuh ds jftlvªkj ds ikl Lohd`fr ds fy, izkfkzuk i= nsrk gsa 4- ik"kzn lhek fu;e ds glrk{kj dùkkzvksa dks fu/kkzfjr djuk%& izorzd dks deiuh ds lapkydks dks fu;qdr djuk im+rk gs rkfd ds ik"kzn lhek fu;e ij glrk{kj dj ldsa 5- is'ksojksa dh fu;qfdr%& izorzdksa dks deiuh ds eapszv csdlz rfkk vads{kdksa dh fu;qfdr djuh im+rh gsa 6- vko';d izi= rs;kj djuk%& izorzdksa dks ik"kzn lhek fu;e] ik"kzn vurfuz;e vkfn os/kkfud nlrkostks dks jftlvªkj ds ikl Hkstus ds fy, rs;kj djkuk im+rk gsa fuxeu%& fuxeu dk vfkz deiuh vf/kfu;e 1956 ds v/khu deiuh dk jftlvsª'ku djkus,os fuxeu izek.k i= izkir djus ls gksrk gsa fuxeu volfkk esa mbk;s tkus okys dnea 1- fuxeu gsrq vkonsu nsuk%& deiuh ds izorzd dks deiuh dk jftlvsª'ku djkus ds fy, jkt; ds jftlvªkj ds ikl vkonsu i= Hkstuk gksrk gsa 2- vko';d izi= tek djkuk%& izorzdksa dks fueufyf[kr izi= tek djkus gksrs gs%& 1- ik"kzn lhek fu;e 2- ik"kzn vurzfu;e 3- iathd`r iwath dk fooj.k 4- lapkydks dh Lohd`fr 5- izlrkfor izcu/k lapkydks ds lkfk Bgjko 6- os/kkfud?kks"k.kk 3- 'kqyd dk Hkqxrku%& mijksdr izi=ksa ds lkfk jftlvsª'ku dh Qhl tek djkuh im+rh gsa ;g Qhl vf/kd`r iwath ij fuhkzj djrh gsa 32

33 4- jftlvsª'ku%& jftlvªkj lhkh nlrkostksa dh tkap djrk gsa tkap Bhd ik;s tkus ds ckn og deiuh dk uke jftlvj dj ysrk gsa 5- fuxeu dk izek.k i= izkir djuk%& deiuh dk uke jftlvªkj gks tkus ds ckn jftlvªkj fuxeu izek.k i= tkjh djrk gsa ftls deiuh dk tue izek.k i= dgk tkrk gsa iwath vfhknku%&,d lkoztfud deiuh dks va'kks o ½.k i=ksa dks tkjh djds turk ls dks"k izkir dj ldrh gsa bls fy, bls izfooj.k tkjh djuk gksrk gs rfkk fueu dne mbkrh gsa 1- lsch ls Lohd`fr izkir djuk % lsch Hkkjrh; iwath cktkj dks fu;fu=r djrh gsa,d lkoztfud deiuh dks turk ls iwath tqvkus ds fy, lsch ls eatjh ysuh im+rh gsa 2- izfooj.k Qkby djuk % izfooj.k dk vfkz,sls izi= ls gs tks turk ls fu{ksi vkeaf=r djrk gsa deiuh ds va'kks ;k ½.ki=ksa dks Ø; djus ds fy, vkeaf=r djrk gsa 3- csadlz nykyksa,oa vfhkxksidksa dh fu;qfdr % deiuh }kjk fu;qdr csad vkonsu jkf'k izkir djrs gsa nyky turk dks 'ks;j vkonsu djus ds fy, izksrlkfgr djrs gs ;fn turk lhkh 'ks;j ds fy, vkosnu ugha jdrh rks vfhkxksid deh'ku ysdj lhkh 'ks;j [kjhn ysrs gsa 4- U;wure vfhknku % lsch ds vuqlkj U;wure vfhknku dh jkf'k dqy fuxzeu dk 90 izfr'kr gksuk pkfg, ugha rks 'ks;jksa dk vkcavu ugh fd;k tk,sxk rfkk deiuh dks vkxkeh 10 fnuksa esa vkonsu jkf'k dks okil djuk gksxka 5- LVkd,Dlpsat dks vkonsu djuk %,d lkoztfud deiuh dks vius 'ks;j fdlh 'ks;j cktkj esa fylv djkuk vko';d gs blfy;s izorzd fdlh 'ks;j cktkj esa vkonsu djrs gsa 6- va'kks dk vkcavu % va'kks ds vkcavu ls vfhkzik;% izkir fd;s x;s vkonsu i=ks dks Lohdkj djuk gsa 'ks;j gksymj dks vkcav i= Hkstk tkrk gs rfkk jftlvªkj ds ikl 'ks;j gksymj dk uke] irk o vu; tkudkjh Hksth tkrh gsa O;olk; vkjehk djuk%&,d lkoztfud deiuh dks O;olk; vkjehk djus ds izek.k i= dh vko';drk gksrh gsa bls izkir djus ds fy, jftlvªkj ds ikl fueufyf[kr izek.k i= Hkstus vko';d gs%& 1- bl ckr dh?kks"k.k dh U;wure vfhknku 90 izfr'kr izkir dj fy;k x;k gsa 2- bl ckr dh?kks"k.k dh lhkh lapkydks us ftrus 'ks;j izkir fd;s gs mudh jkf'k tek djk nh gsa 33