Et overblikk over kunnskapsbe hovet for Guide utdanning i Norge. Reidar J. Mykletun & Truls Engström; Norsk Hotellhøgskole

Transkript

1 Et overblikk over kunnskapsbe hovet for Guide utdanning i Norge Reidar J. Mykletun & Truls Engström; Norsk Hotellhøgskole

2 The classic tourist guide A tourist guide is a person who guides visitors in the language of their choice and interprets the cultural and natural heritage of an area, which person normally possesses an area-specific qualification usually issued and/or recognised by the appropriate authority. (CEN European Committee for Standardisation. NBN EN 13809, May 2003) Quality measures codes of conduct (soft law) formal training reviews by peers feedback from guests awards of excellence professional associations professional certification licensing (Black and Weiler, 2005)

3 Varieties of guides Classic tourist guide Nature guide Artic nature guide Mountain guide (DNT) NORTIND NF / mountaineering New guide concepts Active Anti-guiding Like a local

4 omponents of guides roles (Cohen, 1989; Wheiler, 2003; Pereira & Mykletun, 2012) Leadership Sphere Mediatory Sphere and interclulturality Resource Management Sphere Economic Sphere Performative arts Outer Directed Instrumental - Gives the guest direction, access to the place and safety Interactionary - Mediates and facilitates interaction among tourists, hosts, and places visited; facilitates understanding across intercultural gaps between guest and hosts Motivator - Contributes to environmentally responsible behaviors while onsite Promoter - of local business, assists local product development and sales Develops «Sense of place» Resource activation Inner Directed Social - Manages groups, handles tension and keeps up the group s morale through humor and animation Communicative - Translating the unfamiliar in a way that renders meaning, providing education and meaningful interpretation; understands and copes with the cultural diversity internally in the group Environmental Interpreter - Contributes to long term knowledge and attitude change Philanthropy - Creates philanthropic opportunities for the guests Master of experiencescapes «Co-creates» experiences with guests

5 Why is guide training important in general? A guide is often the only representative of the region a visitor gets to talk to Guides have unique opportunities of improving a visitor's knowledge, understanding, and appreciation for a destination When on holiday, people have a tendency to be more relaxed and able to absorb information in a new light Informal educators (contribution to lifelong learning objectives/experiences) A good guide adds value to the visitors experiences and is a valuable asset to the destination 5

6 Age: Profiling Norwegian tourist guides Mean: 58 years Std. : 12 years Range: years Education: 59 % with bachelor degree 13 % with higher degree Experience as guide: Mean : 12 years Std.: 9.4 years Range 0 to 40 years Nationalities: Norway: 73 % Norwegians Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Sweden, The Netherlands, US,

7 Guiding as a job Peak season Norway: June - August (July as peak 28 hrs / week) Number of services per month Norwegian: June August: Job centrality of guiding Main job: 24 % Additional jobs: 74 % (Teaching, tourism, translation) Work engagement (scale 1 7) Mean: 5.9, Std.: 1.4 Ageing well at work (scale 1 5) Mean: 4.1; Std.:.6

8 Languages used in Norwegian tourist guiding Norwegian: 100 % English: 88 % German 44 % French 16 % Italian: 7 % Spanish: 4 % Chinese: 1 %

9 Most important visitor groups (scale 1-5) Cruise (5) Seniors (4) Organised bus tour groups (4) Business (3) Families (3) Professional associations (3) Youth (2) School kids (1)

10 Training and certificate for the guiding profession Norwegian guides training length of the course: mean = 112.2, range 20 to 300 hours (std = 54.9) Licenece perceived as an advantage Norwegian: 92 % 96 % argue for mandatory licencing of tourist guides 93 % argues for more regulations of the profession

11 Comparison based on CEN standards

12 Feedback on performance and participation in courses (percent of respondents)

13 Classification of tourist guide training programmes Type of training Vocational Higher vocational education EQF Level Country/Programme Programme classification according to the curricula Level 4 Italy-Tuscany: Qualified Travel Guide Vocational training programme Level 4 Hungary (Higher) Vocational training programme Level 5 Spain- Catalonia Higher vocational training programme Level 5 (provisional classification) Belgium-Flanders Higher vocational training programme Level 5 Malta Higher vocational training programme Output ECTS/degree Vocational certificate in Tourist guiding Certificate in Tourist Guiding Vocational diploma in Tourist guide, touristic information and tourist assistant Certificate of Guide Nat. Higher Diploma in

14 Type of training EQF Level Country/Programme Programme classification according to the curricula Output ECTS/degree Higher education Level 6 (First Cycle) Level 6 (First Cycle) Level 6 (First Cycle) Level 6 (First Cycle) Netherlands-NHTV Spain- Turismo Sant Ignasi (ESADE-Universitat Ramon Llull) Norway: Arctic Nature Guide -Svalbard Profession Oriented Bachelor in Tourism and Recreation with a specialization in Tour Management Courses at university. Special itinerary in the Tourism Degree. Full time university programme but not exist as an independent degree programme (can be integrated in Bachelor degree programme) Bachelor degree Bachelor degree 60 credits France (in public sector) Courses at university Degree, Advanced Vocational Diploma

15 Type of training EQF Level Country/Programme Programme classification according to the curricula Output ECTS/degree Further or adult education Norway: Oslo-guide training programme; Norwegian Trekking Association-Tour leader Adult training course for guides; Adult training courses for mountain and glacier tour leader Netherlands Short course from (adults and regular students) Length: 12 weeks Oslo guide / Local tourist guide Nature guide 20 ECTS for regular students / certificate in Tour Management for non-regular students

16 Stavanger increases its authorized guides Stavanger has increased its authorized guides substantially this year with 25 new personnel bringing the total number of guides in the Norwegian destination to well over 140 capable of guiding in 25 different languages. The 25 new guides come from Argentina, Venezuela, Mexico, Colombia, Canada, US, Norway, Finland, China, Japan, Germany, France, Italy and Spain Headlines/Stavanger-increases-its-authorizedguides.html April 18th 2012

17 Vil du guide cruisegjester i Stavanger? Vil du guide cruisegjester i Stavanger htm GuideCompaniet organiserer utflukter for cruisepassasjerene som kommer til Stavanger. Med tanke på den store økning av cruiseanløp i 2013 så trengs det enda flere guider, og i den forbindelse settes det opp et nytt guidekurs. GuideCompaniet ser spesielt etter folk som kan et eller flere av følgende språk: norsk, engelsk, fransk, italiensk, tysk, polsk, arabisk, tyrkisk og spansk. Bli med på guidekurs, det er en gylden mulighet til å bli bedre kjent med byen og regionen. Til høsten settes det opp et nytt guidekurs til de som gjerne vil bli nye guider i neste sommer! For mer informasjon om guidekurs: booking@guidecompaniet.no

18 Competence components for guides (theoretical composition)

19 A unifying national guide study initiative? Performative skills Interpretative skills Communication skills Hospitality skills Fact-finding skills New technology skills Knowledge and insight from a broad range of academic subjects, cultures, society at large, and tourism Matching established and new visitors (BRICS) Activity-specific knowledge and skills Resource development and development of experiencescapes Knowledge and insight from a broad range of local subjects, issues, culture, society, places, and tourism

20 En helhetlig profesjonsutdanning krever en nøye sammensetning av alle nødvendige fagområder Natur og kultur Naturliv og det enkle friluftslivet Spesialiserte friluftsaktiviteter: Jakt og fiske Fjellsport (ski, bre, klatring) Padling (havkajakk, rafting, kano, elvekajakk) Kystaktiviteter (seiling, båtføring, kystfiske, dykking) Andre friluftsaktiviteter 11. Bærekraftig reiselivsledelse Sikkerhet og skadeforebyggende arbeid Førstehjelp Bærekraftig reiselivsledelse Entreprenørskap Læring, veiledning og menneskekunnskap Kreativitet, historiefortelling og produktutvikling Vitenskapsteori og metode Filosofi og etikk Målgruppekjennskap Natur, kultur, helse og rehabilitering Natur-kulturkjennskap: - Biologi og økologi - Naturgeografi (geologi, glasiologi, hydrologi, astronomi, klima og meteorologi, kartografi) Natur- og miljøforvaltning Naturoppsyn Naturveiledning Internasjonal naturforståelse Bærekraft (Natur - Kultur - Miljø) Kulturhistorie Mytologi og folkeminner Kulturlandskapet Kunst og håndverkstradisjoner Matkultur Musikk og dans Kulturforvaltning Kulturminneoppsyn Kulturveiledning Internasjonal kulturforståelse Reiseliv generelt Bærekraftig reiselivsutvikling Småskala mat og overnatting Gårdsturisme og bærekraftig landbruk Utvikling og ledelse av aktivitetsbedrifter Matkultur Vertskapsrollen Kreativitet og nytenkning - konseptutvikling Strategi og forretningsutvikling Entreprenørskap og bedriftsetablering Bedriftsøkonomi Design, markedsføring og merkevarebygging Bærekraftig verdiskapning Barn og unge Voksne og eldre Turister og andre kulturer Mennesker m/fysiske lidelser Mennesker m/psykiske lidelser Rus- og kriminalomsorg Andre grupper 20