Table of contents Foreword Preface Introduction 3. Traveling in Svalbard: Useful, practical and important information 13 3.

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1 Table of contents Foreword Preface Introduction 3. Traveling in Svalbard: Useful, practical and important information Spitsbergen seasons Spitsbergen how to travel Expedition style cruising Cruise ships Sailing Staying in Longyearbyen Individual hiking Organised hiking tours Canoe/kayak Dog sledging Skiing Snow mobile Horse-riding Helicopter Climbing Scuba-Diving Hunting & fishing Nonsense Tour operatours Clothing, hygiene & the environment, photography Getting to Spitsbergen Conservation, cultural heritage, protected areas, safety Conservation and protected areas Cultural heritage Polar bears and weapons Communication & safety in the field Registration of tours with the administration Tent and hut Other hazards in the field: rivers, glaciers, ice and snow, mud, rabies and other diseases, drinking water, mosquitos Orientation Longyearbyen Services and infrastructure Accommodation, eating and drinking Shopping Sights in Longyearbyen Activities near Longyearbyen 77

2 3.7.6 From coal to space research: Longyearbyen through 100 years Natural history Geography, glaciers, permafrost Geology Oceanic currents Sea ice Driftwood, rubbish and environmental toxins Climate and weather Mammals Polar bear Arctic fox Svalbard reindeer Seals Bearded seal Ringed seal Harp seal Walrus Harbour seal Whales Mink whale (Beluga) White whale Humpback whale Fin whale Blue whale Bowhead whale Introduced species Invertebrates Birds Red-throated diver Northern Fulmar Common eider King eider Long-tailed duck Pink-footed goose Barnacle goose Rock ptarmigan Snow bunting Purple sandpiper Grey phalarope Arctic tern Great skua Pomarine skua 159

3 Arctic skua Long-tailed skua Sabine s gull Ivory gull Ross gull Glaucous gull Black-legged Kittiwake Atlantic Puffin Common guillemot Brünich s guillemot Little auk Black guillemot Plants Polar willow Dwarf birch Mountain sorrel Knotweed Arctic mouse-ear Tundra chickweed Fringed sandwort Polar Campion or Nodding lychnis Moss campion Snow buttercup Svalbard poppy Scurvy grass Whitlow-grasses Purple saxifrage Yellow mountain saxifrage Alpine saxifrage Hawkweed-leaved saxifrage Bog saxifrage Drooping saxifrage Tufted saxifrage Spider plant Mountain avens Arctic bell-heather Boreal Jacob s ladder Polar cress Wooly lousewort Arctic cottongrass Arctic dandelion Polar dandelion 195

4 Grasses, mosses, lichens & fungi History Vikings Pomors Willem Barentsz Whaling in the 17th century Early expeditions and science Attempts to fly to the pole: Virgohamna and Ny Ålesund Trapper Whaling in the early 20th century The Spitsbergen Treaty Mining The Second World War Spitsbergen after the War Fjords and islands, settlements and stations: The regions of Svalbard Isfjord Festningen, Russekeila, Kapp Linné/Isfjord Radio Grønfjord, Barentsburg Grumantbyen, Colesbukta Adventfjord Sassenfjord, Tempelfjord Eastern Dickson Land (Skansbukta, Pyramiden), Billefjord Dicksonfjord, western Dickson Land Ekmanfjord, Coraholmen, Flintholmen Borebukta, Bohemanflya Ymerbukta Alkhornet, Trygghamna Forlandsund east side Daudmannsodden, Farmhamna St. Jonsfjord Kaffiøyra Engelskbukta Prins Karls Forland Kongsfjord Ny Ålesund Inner Kongsfjord Blomstrandhalvøya Krossfjord The northern west coast Dei Sju Isfjella Hamburgbukta Magdalenefjord 307

5 6.7 Northwestern Spitsbergen Sørgattet, Bjørnfjord, Smeerenburgfjord Danskøya Amsterdamøya Fair Haven, Fuglefjord, Sallyhamna Nordvestøyane: Fugløya, Fuglesangen, Klovningen, Ytre Norskøya, Indre Norskøya Raudfjord The Woodfjord area Woodfjord Reinsdyrflya, Stasjonsøyane, Andøyane Liefdefjord Bockfjord Moffen Wijdefjord Ny Friesland, Verlegenhuken Sorgfjord Hinlopenstretet Murchisonfjord 357 Footnote one: Drift ice and circumnavigations 358 Footnote two: Through Hinlopenstretet or around Nordaustland? Lomfjord Alkefjellet Wahlenbergfjord, Palanderbukta The islands in Hinlopenstretet Augustabukta, Vibebukta Nordaustland Lady Franklinfjord, Brennevinsfjord, Lågøya Sjuøyane Chermsideøya, Nordenskiöldbukta, Rijpfjord, Duvefjord Karl XII Øya, Brochøya, Foynøya Isispynten, Austfonna, Bråsvellbreen Storøya, Kvitøya Kong Karls Land Southeastern Svalbard The southern east coast of Spitsbergen (Storfjord) Barentsøya, Heleysund Edgeøya Tusenøyane, Halvmåneøya, Ryke Yseøyane Hopen Bjørnøya Southern Bjørnøya: The bird cliffs (Hambergfjellet-Sørhamna) 450

6 Western Bjørnøya Northern Bjørnøya: Bjørnøya Radio Eastern Bjørnøya: Kvalrossbukta, Russehamna, Miseryfjellet, Tunheim Sørkapp Land Hornsund Gåshamna Hornsundtind, Samarinvågen Brepollen Burgerbukta, Gnålodden Isbjørnhamna Dunøyane, Isøyane, Kapp Borthen Bellsund Recherchefjord Van Keulenfjord Van Mijenfjord, Akseløya, northern Bellsund Arctic environmental problems and tourism What everyone can do Arctic bureaucracy 486 AECO Other books written by the same author The author Thank you Norwegian glossary Geological glossary Table: Earth history of Svalbard Literature Index "Voyages begin in books." John Harrison, Where The Earth Ends

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